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Objective: To understand patients' motivations for pursuing treatment, to appreciate what information patients seek and to explore potential factors affecting decision making in adults considering, undergoing or who have had orthodontic treatment in the private sector. Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire study. Setting: Online questionnaire. Participants: A total of 209 (83% women, 16% men, 1% preferred not to say) completed responses were received. Methods: Once piloted, the final survey was made available online to adults in the United Kingdom (UK) and Republic of Ireland (RoI) who were either considering having orthodontic treatment, currently undergoing treatment or had recently completed treatment in the private sector. Results: The most commonly selected motivating factor was to 'improve the appearance of my teeth' (82%). The information sought related predominantly to treatment duration (64%), potential end results (56%), types of appliances that were available (55%) and cost (52%). The two most commonly reported social factors that had influenced participants to consider treatment were 'seeing myself on social media' (31%) and 'it is more socially acceptable to have braces' (31%). Conclusion: While this area remains relatively underexplored in the literature, it is crucial to develop a comprehensive understanding due to the increasing number of adults seeking orthodontic treatment. This study not only reinforces the existing knowledge regarding adults seeking orthodontic treatment, such as the predominant role of aesthetics as a motivating factor, but also introduces some novel insights. Specifically, we highlight the influence of social factors on decision-making processes and the importance of effectively communicating the duration of treatment to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternative proteins have been posed as a viable alternative to conventional animal products, as consumers become more aware of the environmental and health implications of animal farming. In this paper, we review literature on consumer acceptance of alternative proteins which has been omitted from two previous reviews. We review and analyze 18 papers which met our inclusion criteria. We present findings on overall acceptance, demographic factors, barriers and motivators, and factors increasing acceptance. A major finding from all the studies was that the interventions with information related to the different alternative products induced positive reactions among the participants and increased willingness to try the unfamiliar products. Women, older people, uneducated, and rural participants were more hesitant to try cultivated meat. Information related to environmental benefits influenced the participants to make proactive decisions toward trying alternative protein products in some studies. Participants who had prior experience or familiarity with the concept of alternative protein products and their technology held positive attitudes towards the same. We discuss implications for alternative protein companies, as well as policymakers and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Malaria continues to be a significant global health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan African regions. Effective prevention and control strategies are crucial in mitigating its impact. Therefore, assessing the use of malaria preventive measures, treatment-seeking behaviours, and understanding the motivating factors behind positive behaviours/practices and barriers to using malaria preventive and control measures is essential for designing successful intervention programs. Methods Using a sequential explanatory mixed methods design, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 382 heads of households in the Mareba sector, Bugesera district, Rwanda. A qualitative study followed with 30 in-depth interviews among the top performers and other community members to explore the motivations and barriers to performing positive behaviours. Descriptive statistics for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data were used. Results This study revealed that among those who own insecticide-treated nets, 234(89.3%) reported that they slept under the bed net the night preceding the survey; 256(67%) had fever cases in the last 24 months preceding the survey; and 214(87%) reported seeking care within 24 h. While almost all 243(98.8%) of participants who had fever case reported that they have taken all medicines as prescribed, however, a large number 263(68.8%) and 148(38.7%) still think that there are people in the community who do not take all malaria medications as prescribed and there are people who share malaria medications in the community, respectively. 82(65.1%) of those who never had a fever case believe that they have been using malaria preventive measures correctly and consistently. This study found that knowledge about malaria, family support, and community mobilization are the top motivating factors to practice positive behaviours while, lack of bet nets, poverty, and lack of time were reported as main barriers. Conclusion Interventions that target key motivating factors for adopting positive behaviours in malaria prevention and control should be prioritized. This, in turn, will reduce the disease burden on affected populations. Efforts to overcome barriers in malaria prevention and control should also be participatory. Community involvement should be at the centre of these interventions.

Developing communicative competence is one of the expected outcomes of the Language Arts and Multiliteracies Curriculum (LAMC). This study evaluates the communicative competence among Junior High School students at Vinapor National High School. Employing descriptive quantitative and qualitative methods, it examines the grammatical, sociolinguistic, and discourse competence and identifies factors that either facilitate or hinder these competencies. A combination of grammatical, speaking, and writing tests was used to assess student’s performance, which revealed that the majority did not meet expectations across the evaluated competencies. Semi-structured interviews further provided insights into both facilitating and hindering factors from the perspectives of 21 students and four teachers. Facilitating factors included teaching methods, peer interaction, extracurricular activities, access to resources, and teacher support, whereas hindering factors encompassed challenges and barriers such as lack of interest, lack of comprehension, lack of confidence, fear of committing mistakes, negative perception, curriculum and resource limitations, and distractions. The study proposed an intervention program to guide teachers in helping students achieved communicative competence.

Background: Malaria continues to be a significant global health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan African regions. Effective prevention and control strategies are crucial in mitigating its impact. Therefore, assessing the use of malaria preventive measures, treatment-seeking behaviours, and understanding the motivating factors behind positive behaviours/practices and barriers to using malaria preventive and control measures is essential for designing successful intervention programs. Methods: Using a sequential explanatory mixed methods design, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 382 heads of households in the Mareba sector, Bugesera district, Rwanda. A qualitative study followed with 30 in-depth interviews among the top performers and other community members to explore the motivations and barriers to performing positive behaviours. Descriptive statistics for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data were used. Results: This study revealed that among those who own insecticide-treated nets, 234(89.3%) reported that they slept under the bed net the night preceding the survey; 256(67%) had fever cases in the last 24 months preceding the survey; and 214(87%) reported seeking care within 24 h. While almost all 243(98.8%) of participants who had fever case reported that they have taken all medicines as prescribed, however, a large number 263(68.8%) and 148(38.7%) still think that there are people in the community who do not take all malaria medications as prescribed and there are people who share malaria medications in the community, respectively. 82(65.1%) of those who never had a fever case believe that they have been using malaria preventive measures correctly and consistently. This study found that knowledge about malaria, family support, and community mobilization are the top motivating factors to practice positive behaviours while, lack of bet nets, poverty, and lack of time were reported as main barriers. Conclusion: Interventions that target key motivating factors for adopting positive behaviours in malaria prevention and control should be prioritized. This, in turn, will reduce the disease burden on affected populations. Efforts to overcome barriers in malaria prevention and control should also be participatory. Community involvement should be at the centre of these interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation Z is expected to officially surpass the Baby Boomers in the labor market by 2024 and to represent 30% of the global workforce by 2030. In the work environment, they are referred to oxymoronically as competitively ambivalent. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the reasons for this behavior and to identify initiatives that would facilitate understanding between Generation Z and other generations. The aim of the present study was to find out whether Generation Z in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, which lives in conditions of deepening polarization of society and differentiated opportunities (e.g., in access to education, consumption of goods and services, work and entertainment), exhibits compatible value orientation or whether significant antagonisms exist in the value system. The study utilized the referential Schwartz's theory of values, which handles universal values dynamically. This theoretical framework was extended to include the dimension of instrumental values that were contextualized in the labor market environment. The results show that the representatives of Generation Z in the Czech Republic and Slovakia prefer collective values (Benevolence and Universalism) in the first two places. However, they subsequently lean toward two individual values (Hedonism and Self-Direction). The comparison of the results in the European context showed the same values being shared by the representatives of Generation Z with preference nuances. The comparison of Generation Z representatives with members of other generations in the European context showed consistency of sharing collective values (Benevolence and Universalism). Discussion: Intergenerational value congruence, as well as knowledge of the difference in preferred values across generations (the collectivism value of Tradition shared by Baby Boomers and Generation X, and Hedonism as an individualism value shared by Generation Y and Generation Z) can help the successful integration of Generation Z representatives in the labor market. A way toward intergenerational synergy can be the recommended strategies for managing Generation Z in the context of career paths: Flexibility of development; Gamification; Mentoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing communicative competence is one of the expected outcomes of the Language Arts and Multiliteracies Curriculum (LAMC). This study evaluates the communicative competence among Junior High School students at Vinapor National High School. Employing descriptive quantitative and qualitative methods, it examines the grammatical, sociolinguistic, and discourse competence and identifies factors that either facilitate or hinder these competencies. A combination of grammatical, speaking, and writing tests was used to assess student's performance, which revealed that the majority did not meet expectations across the evaluated competencies. Semi-structured interviews further provided insights into both facilitating and hindering factors from the perspectives of 21 students and four teachers. Facilitating factors included teaching methods, peer interaction, extracurricular activities, access to resources, and teacher support, whereas hindering factors encompassed challenges and barriers such as lack of interest, lack of comprehension, lack of confidence, fear of committing mistakes, negative perception, curriculum and resource limitations, and distractions. The study proposed an intervention program to guide teachers in helping students achieved communicative competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The nursing shortage represents a persistent and urgent challenge within the healthcare industry. One of the most cost-effective and time-efficient solutions to address this issue is the recruitment of inactive nurses to rejoin the nursing workforce, while simultaneously ensuring the long-term sustainability of their careers following their return to work. The aim of this study is to explore the factors that facilitate the retention of nurses who have returned to work, from their perspective. Methods To achieve this aim, a qualitative descriptive design was employed. A total of 15 registered nurses who had not practiced nursing for a minimum of three years prior to their return to work, and had been working as nurses for at least three months following their return, were selected from seven healthcare institutions using convenience sampling. Face-to-face or online semi-structured interviews were conducted, and qualitative inductive analysis was employed to analyze the collected data. Results The analysis revealed five key themes, two of which were related to the enabling factors making it possible for the nurses to continue their work, while the remaining three pertained to the motivating factors driving the pursuit of professional careers. The two themes associated with enabling factors were identified as “Conditions and support that sustain work-life balance” and “A workplace that acknowledges my career, and encourages my growth as an experienced nurse”. The three themes related to motivating factors were entitled “Pride in reconnecting with and contributing to society,” “Cultivating confidence through incremental professional development and future envisioning,” and “Enrichment of my own and my family’s life”. Conclusions Returning nurses constitute a valuable asset for healthcare institutions. To effectively retain these nurses, it is crucial to implement multi-dimensional approaches that enable and motivate them to sustain and enrich their professional and personal lives while continuing their work in the nursing field.

Despite the inherent risks associated with waste scavenging, it is surprising to note the age group involved in this activity. This study aimed to assess the motivating factors driving teenagers and youths to participate in waste scavenging, using a sample of 247 scavengers. The data underwent analysis using frequency counts, percentages, and factor analysis techniques. The findings revealed that all respondents were male and aged between 12 and 45 years. The primary sources of waste were dumpsites (61%), roadsides, and gutters (26%). Participants predominantly cited lack of formal education requirements and financial gain (93%) as key motivators for their involvement in waste scavenging. Additionally, 96% of scavengers were from northern Nigeria, with the remaining 4% from southern Nigeria. The factor analysis yielded significant results with a Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) measure and Bartlett's test value of 67.770%, significant at p < 0.05. Four distinct factors emerged as significant motivators: (i) Lack of formal education (31.784%), (ii) Financial incentives (22.912%), (iii) Availability of wastes (14.297%), and (iv) Industrial demand for wastes (13.495%), in descending order of influence. Together, these factors accounted for 82.487% of the motivating factors behind youth engagement in waste scavenging in the study area. This outcome highlights potential challenges for the prospects of young individuals involved in scavenging unless substantial interventions are implemented. It is recommended that policies be developed to discourage scavenging activities while simultaneously promoting access to education and social welfare for this demographic. Such initiatives are crucial for redirecting young people away from scavenging and toward more sustainable livelihood options, ensuring a brighter future for them and contributing to overall societal development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The nursing shortage represents a persistent and urgent challenge within the healthcare industry. One of the most cost-effective and time-efficient solutions to address this issue is the recruitment of inactive nurses to rejoin the nursing workforce, while simultaneously ensuring the long-term sustainability of their careers following their return to work. The aim of this study is to explore the factors that facilitate the retention of nurses who have returned to work, from their perspective. Methods: To achieve this aim, a qualitative descriptive design was employed. A total of 15 registered nurses who had not practiced nursing for a minimum of three years prior to their return to work, and had been working as nurses for at least three months following their return, were selected from seven healthcare institutions using convenience sampling. Face-to-face or online semi-structured interviews were conducted, and qualitative inductive analysis was employed to analyze the collected data. Results: The analysis revealed five key themes, two of which were related to the enabling factors making it possible for the nurses to continue their work, while the remaining three pertained to the motivating factors driving the pursuit of professional careers. The two themes associated with enabling factors were identified as "Conditions and support that sustain work-life balance" and "A workplace that acknowledges my career, and encourages my growth as an experienced nurse". The three themes related to motivating factors were entitled "Pride in reconnecting with and contributing to society," "Cultivating confidence through incremental professional development and future envisioning," and "Enrichment of my own and my family's life". Conclusions: Returning nurses constitute a valuable asset for healthcare institutions. To effectively retain these nurses, it is crucial to implement multi-dimensional approaches that enable and motivate them to sustain and enrich their professional and personal lives while continuing their work in the nursing field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how rural female entrepreneurs in Lebanon navigate challenges and opportunities amidst economic crises. It aims to understand how they leverage resources to overcome barriers and enhance their entrepreneurial potential, offering insights for fostering sustainable entrepreneurship in crisis-affected regions. This study employs Integrative Qualitative Methods, combining participatory action research (PAR) and narrative inquiry, to explore the motivations, experiences and aspirations of rural female entrepreneurs in Lebanon. Amidst severe economic crises, 28 female entrepreneurs participated in a three-year program supporting their businesses. The findings indicate that rural female entrepreneurs in Lebanon are primarily motivated by family sustainability, social effect and personal fulfillment. They demonstrate significant adaptability to market changes and are able to leverage support networks to manage resources effectively. Strategic resource allocation, communication and collaboration are key to their success. Overall, these findings highlight the resilience and strategic acumen of rural female entrepreneurs, emphasizing the importance of ongoing support for economic growth and community development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a newly discovered SARS-CoV-2, led to COVID-19 pandemic across the world. Vaccination played an important role in reduction in morbidity and mortality concerning the current pandemic, but there was a lack of awareness and motivation to get vaccinated during the pandemic. Objective: This study was aimed at assessing the motivating factors and finding out the challenges perceived among the beneficiaries receiving the vaccine at the COVID-19 immunization center of Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital (BSMCH). Materials and Methods: This institution-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2021 to October 2021 at the COVID-19 Vaccination Centre of Bankura Sammilani Medical College, West Bengal, among 158 beneficiaries. The study population was selected through a systematic random sampling method, and data were collected by interview with a predesigned, pretested structured questionnaire. To identify the predictor (s), variables that were found statistically significant in binary logistic regression analysis were considered for multiple logistic regression. Results: Motivation for vaccination was significantly (P < 0.05) higher among participants who were educated up to the secondary level. Challenges perceived were significantly (P < 0.05) higher among participants aged less than 60 years and the participants who were coming from a distance of more than or equal to three kilometers. Conclusion: Awareness generation program, frequent Information, education and communication (IEC) activities, etc., may alleviate these challenges and can improve vaccination coverage in the future.

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a newly discovered SARS-CoV-2, led to COVID-19 pandemic across the world. Vaccination played an important role in reduction in morbidity and mortality concerning the current pandemic, but there was a lack of awareness and motivation to get vaccinated during the pandemic. Objective: This study was aimed at assessing the motivating factors and finding out the challenges perceived among the beneficiaries receiving the vaccine at the COVID-19 immunization center of Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital (BSMCH). Materials and Methods: This institution-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2021 to October 2021 at the COVID-19 Vaccination Centre of Bankura Sammilani Medical College, West Bengal, among 158 beneficiaries. The study population was selected through a systematic random sampling method, and data were collected by interview with a predesigned, pretested structured questionnaire. To identify the predictor (s), variables that were found statistically significant in binary logistic regression analysis were considered for multiple logistic regression. Results: Motivation for vaccination was significantly (P < 0.05) higher among participants who were educated up to the secondary level. Challenges perceived were significantly (P < 0.05) higher among participants aged less than 60 years and the participants who were coming from a distance of more than or equal to three kilometers. Conclusion: Awareness generation program, frequent Information, education and communication (IEC) activities, etc., may alleviate these challenges and can improve vaccination coverage in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to stay up-to-date in the nursing field, nurses must pursue continuous education. This study examined nurses' motivations to take part in continuing education activities by conducting a survey amongst a sample of nurses employed in two hospitals in south-east Morocco. The survey was carried out using a two-part self-administered questionnaire. Out of 144 nurses who received the questionnaire, 118 (84%) replied. The results showed that the majority of nurses have never participated in a continuing education session in the last 3 years. Respondents' motivation for continuing education was mainly intrinsic, with the emphasis on factors related to professional competence and knowledge seeking. The use of such results can therefore be of great use to both managers and practitioners in planning continuing education programmes. However, it is desirable that more studies take place to investigate further the issue of continuing education with the aim of promoting and developing professional nursing skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proportion of the population vaccinated in Israel against COVID-19 in 2021 was significantly higher than that of the annual uptake rates of the influenza vaccine over time. Understanding the reasons behind the high vaccination rate may facilitate maintaining these rates if annual COVID-19 vaccination is required. Using a mixed-methods design, we characterized the individuals who were vaccinated and studied their attitudes toward vaccines and motivators for the COVID-19 vaccine. The first part was a cross-sectional study of adults aged 65 and over who were vaccinated against COVID-19. We stratified them according to their annual influenza vaccination patterns, and compared variables such as age, gender, health status, and timing of COVID-19 vaccination. The second part consisted of a questionnaire administered to a subsample of the above population, inquiring about vaccine hesitancy, motivators for vaccination, and intention to be vaccinated in the future. We found that motivating factors for COVID-19 vaccination are similar between those who regularly vaccinate against influenza and those who don’t. Internal motivators such as perceived vaccine effectiveness and the desire to protect others were stronger than external rewards or sanctions. High adherence to annual influenza vaccine recommendations was associated with earlier COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Respondents with lower adherence to influenza vaccines were more likely to demonstrate higher levels of vaccine hesitancy. These factors should be addressed in future vaccination campaigns.

Currently, Ukraine is outlining a problem with the recruitment of students to the Faculty of Forestry. The solution to this problem is possible only if the necessity of transformation of the forestry industry and the corresponding transformation of the forestry education system are realised. Based on the study of scientific literature, the main motivating factors, according to which future students decide to become foresters, were identified. These factors were included in a questionnaire offered to first-year forestry students. The results of the questionnaire were compared with the data from the scientific articles. As a result, some aspects to pay attention to in order to increase the attractiveness of forestry as a field of study were identified. It was found that the predominant motivating factors for choosing a forestry profession are enjoyment of nature, recreation in nature, spending time in the fresh air, concern for the environment and interest in forests. Salary of forestry specialists proved to be the strongest factor for hesitation in choosing the profession. The next step of our research will probably be to investigate the opinion of Ukrainian students about the quality of educational programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Youths have been found to lack interest in agricultural activities. This study investigated rural youth involvement in oil palm processing in Okitipupa local government area, Nigeria. Quantitative data were obtained from 120 rural youths through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Chi-square and correlation analysis were used to test the relationships between socio-economic characteristics, constraints on operations and the involvement of rural youth in oil palm processing. The mean age of respondents was 31 years; they were mostly single (65.0%) and literate (95.0%). Bad roads (x̅ = 2.98) and high cost of transportation (x̅ = 2.91) were the most severe constraints confronted by the respondents. Gender (χ2 = −32.85, p = 0.001) and years of education (χ2 = 96.51, p = 0.002) had a significant positive relationship with involvement in oil palm processing activities. Poor processing equipment (r = −0.38, p = 0.00) and bad roads (r = −0.40, p = 0.04) had a negative correlation with involvement in oil palm processing activities. Rehabilitation of road networks and access to innovative methods would improve involvement in oil palm processing activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to improving diversity within adult cardiothoracic anesthesiology (ACTA) and to provide possible strategies that could be implemented by evaluating the demographics of current ACTA fellows, examining motivating factors to pursue the sub-specialty, and assessing perceptions of unconscious biases during their application process and training. A survey was created by the authors and distributed electronically by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists to the ACTA Fellows from April to June 2022. A multicenter survey. Recent 2021 to 2022 ACTA fellows. None. A total of 68 fellows were included in the analytical sample; 37.3% were women, and 58.2% were men. Half of the participants in the sample were White race (47%), 26% were Asian, 8% Hispanic or Latinx, 5% Black, and 2% were Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian. Most fellows indicated that the complexity of cases and/or competency in transesophageal echocardiography was "very important" in their motivating factor (74.0%). When examining sex differences, female fellows reported (p value <0.05) that their experience was impacted negatively by sex and was more often treated with less respect and courtesy. There were no statistically significant differences in perceived discrimination by race and/or ethnicity. This study identified several motivators to pursue ACTA and the perceptions of unconscious biases during the fellowship. Female fellows felt unconscious bias and a negative impact against them due to sex. Due to the small number of undergraduate enrollments, the results should be interpreted cautiously. Additionally, this provides support to complete further studies. Implicit bias training is one strategy that can be implemented to decrease unconscious bias experienced by ACTA fellows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción/objetivo: el emprendimiento femenino es un proceso de suma importancia en la medida en que contribuye a la generación de empleos y el desarrollo económico de los países. Por ello, es necesario indagar cuáles son los factores que motivan a las mujeres a iniciar negocios. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los factores socioculturales y su importancia como impulsores de este tipo de emprendimiento, así como la existencia de posibles diferencias en cuanto a estos factores entre mujeres empresarias de las ciudades de Saltillo, Coahuila y Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, México, durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Metodología: con ese fin, se analizaron ocho factores socioculturales impulsores del emprendimiento femenino. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 74 empresarias de Saltillo y 72 de Oaxaca de Juárez. Se usó estadística descriptiva para determinar los factores con mayor importancia como impulsores del emprendimiento. Para determinar diferencias de los factores de emprendimiento entre ciudades se emplearon los análisis de Chi cuadrada y de U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: el apoyo familiar fue el mayor determinante para el emprendimiento de las mujeres de ambas ciudades. Existen evidencia de diferencias (p

This study examined agricultural entrepreneurship among women shea butter processors in Kwara State Nigeria. It assessed their motivation factors, level of efficiencies, determinants of output and challenges faced in the entrepreneurial drive by the women. Primary data, collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, were collected from randomly selected 120 shea butter women processors. The data obtained were analysed with descriptive statistics, index ranking and the stochastic frontier function. The results showed that the motivating factors for agripreneurship among women were the quest to take care of the family, be financially independent, have increased income and be self-employed. The mean entrepreneurial, managerial and prudent efficiencies of the women were 0.78, 0.60 and 0.47, respectively. This indicates that there is still room for welfare gain by the women through improvement in their efficiency levels. The main determinants of output by the women were the quantity of shea nuts, water, and labour used. Meanwhile, educational status, access to extension services and membership in cooperatives had a direct effect on the level of entrepreneurial efficiency of the women, while their inefficiency increases with age. Entrepreneurial drive by the women was constrained by inadequate governmental and institutional support, poor credit facilities, lack of training on entrepreneurial development, poor potable water supply, and seasonality of the shea nuts. This study advocates efforts by the government and relevant stakeholders to support women to improve their agripreneurial efficiency. This could be achieved through the provision of processing technology, financial aid and training on entrepreneurial development.

Despite social TV is still a new research concept, modest advances have been made though mostly in Western contexts with little attention being given to motivating factors of multiscreen social TV system use intentions. This article aims to close this literature void though not by focusing on the development of non-Western literature mainly but by focusing on augmenting the body of existing literature in multiscreen social TV system use intentions. To achieve this objective, past and existing literature both in Western and non-Western contexts was critically reviewed. A three-dimension (independent variable, mediating variable, and dependent variable) conceptual model was designed, based on the reviewed literature, with six constructs as independent variables namely: usability, sociability, social presence, multi-modality, user-generated content, and hedonism) theorised to be mediated by 'attitude' and behavioural intention is theorised as the dependent variable. The article concludes that the motivating factors of multiscreening social TV system use intention have not been exhaustively identified yet and multisreening is a complex social phenomenon that requires holistic research to understand deeper. Therefore, further empirical research is needed to provide further evidence-based understanding of the factors that motivate people to intend to go multiscreening while watching TV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The research analyzes the relationship between musical skills and the attribution of success that students make to the factors and magnitude of achievement motivation. Methodology: the study used Asmus' measuring consisted of two scales: Motivating factors questionnaire which measured the importance demographic factors: effort, background, classroom environment, influence on music and musical abilities; and Magnitude of Motivation questionnaire, which investigated the degree of motivation of students with regard to self-concept of ability, personal dedication to music, attitude towards music school and music in comparison to other activities. A total of 139 students aged 15-18 from the high school of music "Prenk Jakova" in Pristina were surveyed. Findings: The results show significant statistical differences in the attribution of success to motivational factors (effort, background, classroom environment, influence on music and musical abilities) in addition to the effort factor. On the other hand, the results show that there are significant differences in the attribution of students' success to the magnitude of motivation (self-concept of ability, personal dedication to music, attitude towards music school and music in relation to other activities) only to attitude towards music school and music in relation to other activities. Implications for Research and Practice The research implies that students with a good level of musical skills attribute more motivational factors (background, classroom environment, influence on music and musical skills) to their learning achievements, in contrast to students with meaningful musical skills and moderate musically, but not in the factor - effort. It also implies that students with good musical ability are more likely to attribute their success according to the magnitude of motivation to attitude toward music school and music in relation to other activities, in contrast to students with considerable musical ability and moderate musical ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-commerce is the practice of using information technology to do business online. Developing nations have not yet completely adapted to the use of e-commerce, despite wealthy countries having embraced and utilized it. To provide a framework that illustrates the influencing elements (enabling factors and discouraging factors) of e-commerce, this research aims to analyze the key variables that influence e-commerce adoption from the viewpoint of the two-factor theory. The Unified Expanded Technology Acceptance Theory (UTAUT2) components and the Status Quo Bias Theory (SQB) factors were both incorporated into the suggested model in this research. 487 individuals were given a questionnaire to complete to gather data. The study's findings demonstrated that behavioral intention is favorably and substantially influenced by performance expectations, price value, effort expectations, and confidence. Therefore, the present research concluded that it is important to look at the enabling and inhibiting elements that affect e-commerce intention and adoption. Additionally, the last portion will cover the future directions for the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The real estate market is constantly evolving, agencies in the field are expanding their activities and the need for motivated brokers who are willing to develop, improve and achieve high results is ever greater. Motivation is a key factor that strongly influences the work behavior and performance of human resources. Motivation is a complex and continuous process that requires exploring the needs of human resources and using a wide range of motivating factors that match employees' motivational attitudes. This article aims to identify the factors that increase the motivation of real estate agents and the extent to which they are used by the management of the agencies in which they work. The empirical research was conducted in three real estate agencies. The tool for implementing the survey is universal, i.e. applicable in any real estate agency and makes it possible to identify the motivating factors that have the strongest influence on the motivation of brokers. By using the tool, it is possible to highlight the problem areas related to the motivation of brokers, the degree of correspondence between their motivational attitudes and the motivating factors used by the management and, if necessary, take actions to overcome the problem areas and reach a high level of motivation, which is the basis of qualitative and timely achievement of the desired goals and results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key step prior to clear aligner therapy (CAT) is the clinical examination and case selection, which includes understanding the specific orthodontic problem to be managed and the wider evaluation of oral health. Seeking CAT may further differ along sociodemographic parameters or across countries, as may perceived orthodontic treatment needs and oral health. We aimed to characterize patients seeking CAT across five European countries. Anonymized real-life data from one large CAT provider (DrSmile, Berlin, Germany) was retrospectively sampled for the period 1 November 2021–31 December 2021. A total of 15,015 patients (68.4% females, 31.6% males, with an age range of 18–81 years, median 30.0 years) were included. The cross-national comparison revealed a significant difference in gender distribution (p < 0.001/Chi-square), with the highest proportion of males in Italy (434/1199, 36.2%) and the lowest in Poland (457/1600, 28.6%); generally, more females sought CAT. The largest motivational factor in all countries for seeking CAT was crowding, in both males and females. By and large, patients paid out of pocket for CAT. The prevalence of caries, periodontitis, and craniomandibular dysfunction as well as the numbers of missing teeth were generally low, albeit with significant differences between sociodemographic groups and countries for caries and periodontitis. Patients seeking CAT showed a low prevalence in oral conditions but differed in their sociodemographic characteristics across countries. Dentists and orthodontists should consider these country-specific differences when planning CAT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The global health workforce suffers long-term understaffing in remote and underserved areas. To attract young doctors for rural work, it is necessary to identify the main motivating factors.Materials and methods The pilot survey with 201 general practitioner trainees in the Czech Republic was conducted using a structured questionnaire. The response rate was 67%.Results Not only financial support motivates general practitioner trainees for rural work. A combination of incentives from sources other than medical would greatly increase the chance for general practitioner trainees to work in rural regions.Conclusions To what extent can the survey outcomes relate with other European regions needs to be investigated further.

Digital literacy is among the major competencies of a company’s human resources revealing the relationships of individuals with digital tools. However, an essential premise in studying digital literacy is the level of individuals’ readiness for technology. The paper aims to determine the impact of technology readiness on digital literacy, and to establish the characteristics of information society using the case of Turkey. Methodologically, the study rests on the concepts of digitalization, information technology, as well as industrial and information society. Factor, correlation, regression and reliability analyses, and descriptive statistics were used. Using a convenience sampling technique, the authors collected survey results from a sample of 523 individuals aged 18–75. The data were analysed in the SPSS 25 program. The research provides a profile of the Turkish population’s digital literacy and technology readiness. According to the findings, the respondents were optimistic about using technology; they were innovative, and do not hesitate to use new technologies. Their digital information literacy and perception of security on digital platforms were high, and they could use digital platforms at a reasonable level. The hypothesis that employees’ technology readiness positively affects their digital literacy has been confirmed. The research findings will be useful in determining digital literacy of individuals in the external environment.

Background: Motivation is a concept that describes the conscious or unconscious stimuli for the action toward a desired goal. The motivations for seeking an orthodontic treatment among the population are diverse. Identifying the underlying motivation for treatment is helpful in reducing dissatisfaction with orthodontic treatment outcome. Aim: This study aimed to assess motivating factors for seeking orthodontic treatment and to compare these factors between adolescents and adults attending a Nigerian teaching hospital. Patients, Materials and Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed among 130 subjects (79 adolescents and 51 adults). The subjects were asked to assign a score to the motivating factors listed based on their relative importance using a 5-point Likert scale which ranged from 1 to 5, with 5 rated as very important and 1 rated as very unimportant. The choice of motivating factors was compared between the adolescents and adults and between sexes in each group. Data obtained were analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) version 21.0. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Improvement in dental appearance was the main motivating factor for almost all subjects and there was no statistically significant difference between adolescents (60.8%) and adults (68.6%), P = 0.591. A significantly higher (P < 0.001) number of the adults, (35, 68.6%) chose improvement in facial aesthetics as a motivating factor for orthodontic treatment compared with 29 (44.6%) adolescents. The least motivating factors which were chosen by adolescents were improvement in chewing (9, 13.8%) and relief of temporomandibular joint symptoms (4, 6.2%). There was no statistically significant difference in the choice of motivating factors between female and male in both the adolescent and adult groups. Conclusion: Aesthetic concerns were the most important motivating factors in adolescents and adults seeking orthodontic treatment.

The article presents the results of a quantitative study. The aim of the article is to identify the factors motivating teachers of the Vilnius City Municipality to work. The questionnaire survey of Vilnius city teachers was conducted in April-May, 2020, using the electronic survey tool Qualtrics. Employees of the Vilnius City Municipality Administration distributed the link to the questionnaire to all teachers of the Vilnius city schools by e-mail. 1660 respondents started the questionnaire on this electronic platform, but after eliminating the incomplete questionnaires, a database of 873 respondents who answered all the questions of the questionnaire was created. The survey of teachers of Vilnius city educational institutions has shown that teachers are most motivated by the improvement of teachers' working conditions at school and the reduction of direct control as well as by personal recognition and ensuring favourable opportunities for professional development.

Introduction Nosocomial infections constitute a serious issue for hospitals, and epidemiology nurses are the medical professionals who play a crucial role in reducing them. Aim The aim of this study was to identify the motivating factors and to evaluate the job satisfaction among this professional group. Material and methods 191 respondents from all over Poland participated in the study assessing the motivating factors and job satisfaction of epidemiological nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results and conclusions The research showed that, statistically significantly, the highest level of satisfaction was presented by respondents aged over 51, and the highest level of frustration was reported by those with 11--20 years of work experience. The satisfaction level of the respondents increased with seniority. Moreover, a relationship was shown between the sense of appreciation by employers, the salary received and the level of satisfaction. As the most significant demotivating factor, epidemiological nurses indicated remuneration inadequate to their work. The level of education and organizational affiliation did not affect job satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a quantitative study. The aim of the article is to identify the factors motivating teachers of the Vilnius City Municipality to work. The questionnaire survey of Vilnius city teachers was conducted in April-May, 2020, using the electronic survey tool Qualtrics. Employees of the Vilnius City Municipality Administration distributed the link to the questionnaire to all teachers of the Vilnius city schools by e-mail. 1660 respondents started the questionnaire on this electronic platform, but after eliminating the incomplete questionnaires, a database of 873 respondents who answered all the questions of the questionnaire was created. The survey of teachers of Vilnius city educational institutions has shown that teachers are most motivated by the improvement of teachers' working conditions at school and the reduction of direct control as well as by personal recognition and ensuring favourable opportunities for professional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researches show that many diseases have a nutritional origin and naturally produced foods are more beneficial to health. For this reason, attention to organic food products is on the rise. Since many businesses are engaged in organic food products, the main objective of this research is to provide a framework for successful performance of SMEs in organic food products. The present research is qualitative, applied and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population consists of experts in the field of small and medium enterprises in the field of organic food products. The statistical sample of this research was selected by non-probabilistic and purposeful method and based on the theoretical saturation rule, 13 people were interviewed. Thematic analysis method has been used to analyze the data. Based on the results, the factors affecting the successful entry and empowerment of SMEs in the field of organic food products include internal capabilities, customer motivating factors, facilitating factors and interactive capabilities. Finally, it is recommended that organic food businesses with regard to the characteristics of this industry and its market, increase their ability in three other dimensions of the research model include improving the company's internal capabilities in the field of physical resources and human skills, increasing customer trust in organic products and increasing the company's interactions with the environment, especially through institutional networking.

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine agripreneurship among youths. Specifically, the study investigates the motivating factors for agripreneurship development among youths, examine the profitability of rabbit production among youth agripreneurs and identified the constraints faced in rabbit production. Research Design & Methods: One hundred and twenty youth agripreneurs involved in rabbit production were selected using the snowball sampling technique and data were collected using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, cost and return analysis (gross margin analysis, net profit, operating ratio and return to capital invested) and Likert rating scale were means of analysing the data. Findings: The study revealed that the majority of the youth agripreneurs were males (76.7%), single (85.8%) and obtained their capital from personal savings (87.5%). The important factors motivating agripreneurship development among youth were a quest to acquire personal wealth, to boost income, to achieve what one wants to have in life, to be financially independent, to be self-employed, for personal satisfaction and growth, for high self-esteem, desire to do a new thing and to contribute to their household income and needs. Furthermore, rabbit production among the youth agripreneur was profitable with a net profit of 339,193.56 NGN (826.21 USD), an operating ratio of 23% and a return on capital invested of 3.41. The major constraints faced by the youth agripreneur in rabbit production were lack of government support, poor extension contacts, inadequate credit facilities and diseases outbreak. Implications & Recommendations: This study calls for governments and Non-Governmental Organizations to support and encourage youths to participate more in agripreneurship through the provision of credits and production inputs for profit maximization and cheap protein availability. Contribution & Value Added: This study contributes to entrepreneurship literature by focusing on agripreneurship by youth in a view to enhance more participation in agripreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is attempting to find the parameters' that influence customer purchase behaviour in shopping malls, the relationship between shopping style, consumer opinion and mall layout directly and through a mediating variable named as motivating factor is tested. The research included customers who visit major shopping malls in the city of Chennai, Tamilnadu(India). Data is analysed using AMOS to both conceive a model and assess the causality between variables in studied through a regression model. The findings revealed that almost all the dependent variables had a significant influence over the purchase behaviour in shopping malls. Luxury among the shopping style, Pleasant environment among the Mall layout and ambience, Value shopping among the motivating factors are the key influencing items among the respective constructs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poor level of women’s participation in the construction industry has been a concern for many years. In fact, women represent less than 3% of the total workers in the Indonesian construction industry. On the other hand, the industry is experiencing a worker shortage causing it to innovatively attract construction workers by increasing women’s participation in the industry. Thus, this paper aims to understand the motivating factors for women to work in the construction industry. It adopts multi-sequence research techniques including integrative literature review, expert interviews and questionnaire surveys to collect data for the study. The data was then analysed using relative importance index and factor analysis. The findings were discussed and synthesised to develop a motivational framework for women to work in the construction industry. While this framework was developed based on the Indonesian context, it can serve as a theoretical foundation for further research regarding women’s participation in the construction industry.

Purpose: With over 14,000 pharmacy graduates in 2019 in the United States, the pharmacy job market may be steadily becoming saturated. As part of the quality indicators, many Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programs report and encourage their graduates to pursue residencies. However, there is a portion of the pharmacy students that are undecided about residencies. The purpose of this study was to learn about contributing factors that leads students to being undecided regarding considering residency programs. Method: This was a survey-based study of year two and three pharmacy students from five Colleges of Pharmacy in the United States, conducted retrospectively. This study compared students’ past behaviors, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control between students who were undecided and those with an Intent to Pursue (ITP) residency. Results: A total of 287 students responded to the survey (response rate = 24.78%). Students that had not attended Midyear/residency showcase were more likely to be undecided about residencies than those that did (91.67% vs 62.50%). In addition, undecided students were less likely to agree that the people who were important to them believed that they should pursue residency compared to ITP group (4.36 vs. 5.72, on a 7-point Likert score). Lastly, those who perceived large student loans or family obligations as barriers were more likely to be undecided (OR 1.761 and 1.560, respectively). Discussion: Focusing on undecided students and addressing these major contributing factors as part of the career advising/preparation may result in shifting these students’ intention to pursue residency.

Abstract Background Medical-incident reporting (MIR) ensures patient safety and delivery of quality of care by minimizing unintentional harm among health care providers. We explored medical-incident reporting practices, perceived barriers and motivating factors among health care providers at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study on 158 health provider at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), Western Uganda. Data was gathered using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS. The chi-square was used to determine factors associated with MIR at MRRH. Results The results showed that there was no formal incident reporting structure. However the medical-incidences identified were: medication errors (89.9%), diagnostic errors (71.5%), surgical errors (52.5%) and preventive error (47.7%). The motivating factors of MIR were: establishment of a good communication system, instituting corrective action on the reported incidents and reinforcing health workers knowledge on MIR (p-value 0.004); presence of effective organizational systems like: written guidelines, practices of open door policy, no blame approach, and team work were significantly associated with MIR (p-value 0.000). On the other hand, perceived barriers to MIR were: lack of knowledge on incidents and their reporting, non-existence of an incident reporting team and fear of being punished (p- value 0.669). Conclusion Medical Incident Reporting at MRRH was sub-optimal. Therefore setting up an incident management team and conducting routine training MIR among health care workers will increase patient safety.

The paper will present the research results of motivational factors influencing wine tourists in decision making process regarding their visits to the wineries in the Vršac wine region, an area which belong to South Banat wine region according to the official regionalization and comprises the West slopes of Vršac mountains (South East Vojvodina). The aim of the paper is to analyse visitors of the Vršac wineries in order to establish components of the motivation and to define the influence they have on the decision to participate in the wine tourism in this region. The methodology of this approach entails: defining and establishing the importance of wine tourism, identifying motivating factors in wine tourism, followed by definition and analysis of the most relevant motivating factors of the wine tourist visiting the Vršac wineries, establishing the intensity of their attitudes related to certain factors and, finally, offering recommendations to the Vršac wineries management in order to create the high quality marketing mix aimed at clearly defined target markets and to position successfully in the wine tourism market. One of the conclusions is that the visitors to the Vršac wineries regard wine tasting as the most important motivating factor, followed by socializing and relaxation.

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine agripreneurship among youths. Specifically, the study investigates the motivating factors for agripreneurship development among youths, examine the profitability of rabbit production among youth agripreneurs and identified the constraints faced in rabbit production. Research Design & Methods: One hundred and twenty youth agripreneurs involved in rabbit production were selected using the snowball sampling technique and data were collected using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, cost and return analysis (gross margin analysis, net profit, operating ratio and return to capital invested) and Likert rating scale were means of analysing the data. Findings: The study revealed that the majority of the youth agripreneurs were males (76.7%), single (85.8%) and obtained their capital from personal savings (87.5%). The important factors motivating agripreneurship development among youth were a quest to acquire personal wealth, to boost income, to achieve what one wants to have in life, to be financially independent, to be self-employed, for personal satisfaction and growth, for high self-esteem, desire to do a new thing and to contribute to their household income and needs. Furthermore, rabbit production among the youth agripreneur was profitable with a net profit of 339,193.56 NGN (826.21 USD), an operating ratio of 23% and a return on capital invested of 3.41. The major constraints faced by the youth agripreneur in rabbit production were lack of government support, poor extension contacts, inadequate credit facilities and diseases outbreak. Implications & Recommendations: This study calls for governments and Non-Governmental Organizations to support and encourage youths to participate more in agripreneurship through the provision of credits and production inputs for profit maximization and cheap protein availability. Contribution & Value Added: This study contributes to entrepreneurship literature by focusing on agripreneurship by youth in a view to enhance more participation in agripreneurship.

Despite an increasing need for integrating Open Educational Resources (OER) into teaching at higher education institutions in North America, advocates could better understand how faculty are motivated to adopt OER. In particular, there is a lack of knowledge about how added incentives can help motivate faculty to adopt OER. Given reported barriers affecting OER adoption, evaluating what additional incentives might encourage faculty to try using OER will help higher education institutions understand what strategies would likely be effective in promoting OER use. This paper examines motivating factors regarding OER adoption using a case study in the University System of Georgia; for the study, we conducted an instructor survey with 77 respondents. The results showed that faculty were motivated not only by factors reported in prior literature such as the lowered costs and improved student learning but also by additional incentives provided by the University System of Georgia, including a monetary incentive and recognition for using OER. We also found that faculty experienced a variety of benefits and challenges associated with the adoption of OER. The study contributes to the understanding of what university faculty perceive and experience in adopting OER. In particular, we offer practical knowledge regarding additional incentives that higher education institutions could consider to motivate faculty to adopt OER and help them realize the benefits of using OER in their teaching.

A key step prior to clear aligner therapy (CAT) is the clinical examination and case selection, which includes understanding the specific orthodontic problem to be managed and the wider evaluation of oral health. Seeking CAT may further differ along sociodemographic parameters or across countries, as may perceived orthodontic treatment needs and oral health. We aimed to characterize patients seeking CAT across five European countries. Anonymized real-life data from one large CAT provider (DrSmile, Berlin, Germany) was retrospectively sampled for the period 1 November 2021–31 December 2021. A total of 15,015 patients (68.4% females, 31.6% males, with an age range of 18–81 years, median 30.0 years) were included. The cross-national comparison revealed a significant difference in gender distribution (p < 0.001/Chi-square), with the highest proportion of males in Italy (434/1199, 36.2%) and the lowest in Poland (457/1600, 28.6%); generally, more females sought CAT. The largest motivational factor in all countries for seeking CAT was crowding, in both males and females. By and large, patients paid out of pocket for CAT. The prevalence of caries, periodontitis, and craniomandibular dysfunction as well as the numbers of missing teeth were generally low, albeit with significant differences between sociodemographic groups and countries for caries and periodontitis. Patients seeking CAT showed a low prevalence in oral conditions but differed in their sociodemographic characteristics across countries. Dentists and orthodontists should consider these country-specific differences when planning CAT.

The study investigates which group of Saudi females are more conscious about buying green cosmetic products. It also analyses the relationship between motivational factors (MF), purchase preferences (PP), and tendency towards heath consciousness (THC) in green cosmetic products. A model was developed to understand the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable. MF, PP, and THC were considered as independent variables and purchase of green cosmetic products as dependent variable. A survey was conducted using a survey questionnaire and collected data from 318 Saudi women under three major segments (university students, working women, and non-working women) belonging to various provinces in Saudi Arabia. Multiple regressions in SPSS software were used to analyze the collected data. While the students do not have a significant purchasing capability, housewives lack an informed purchasing decision. However, only the working women are potentially motivated with fair health consciousness and consideration to purchase the green cosmetics. This paper provides an insight for retailers, wholesalers, manufacturers' green cosmetic industry, policymakers, whole cosmetic industry, and other stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship was traditionally considered as men's matter; rather women are gradually entering into entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial motivations are different from women to women based on their personality and environment. The purpose of this study is to focus on factors of motivation and necessities of women to be an entrepreneur. The study aims to explore the entrepreneurial motivations of women entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]