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Simple Summary: Bladder cancer is an economically costly cancer, especially in Brazil, where treatment and diagnosis vary greatly across regions. This study revealed that, after the age of 50, mortality from this disease increases, and is more common among white people and residents of the southern region of Brazil. The lack of health professionals and the lower investment in health actions and services contributed to this increase in mortality. In addition, the performance of basic procedures, such as punctures and cystoscopy examinations, was lower in regions with higher mortality rates; however, more complex surgeries failed to reduce mortality rates. These results underscore the need to improve public health policies and ensure better access to healthcare for cancer, especially in Brazilian regions with fewer resources. Bladder cancer is one of the most economically costly types of cancer, but few studies have evaluated its mortality considering the factors that impact this outcome. This study aimed to investigate the impact of sociodemographic factors, period, cohort, and health services on bladder cancer mortality. This ecological study analyzed bladder cancer mortality data in Brazil from 2000 to 2022 and evaluated sociodemographic variables (race, region of residence), socioeconomic variables (gross domestic product per capita, Gini index of household income per capita, number of health professionals per inhabitant, expenditure on public health services, and consultations per inhabitant), and bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment procedures. These data were subjected to statistical analysis, which revealed that after the age of 50, there was a progressive increase in the risk of bladder cancer. Indigenous people had the lowest mortality rate, while white people had a significantly greater mortality rate than black and brown people. The North Region and Northeast Region presented the lowest mortality rates, whereas the South Region presented the highest mortality rates. In the South and Southeast Regions, a higher GDP was related to lower mortality. In the South, higher mortality was associated with a lower number of consultations per inhabitant per region. Fewer bladder punctures/aspirations and bladder biopsies were associated with higher mortality rates. In oncology, more procedures, such as total cystectomy, cystoenteroplasty, and total cystectomy with a single shunt, do not reduce the mortality rate. These results can serve as guidelines for adjusting public health policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is observed that there are high mortality rates from breast cancer in Brazil and, consequently, greater demand in the public sector. This study analyzed breast cancer mortality in Brazil, in Brazilian regions and Federation Units. Regarding the method, this is a retrospective study, of a historical series, with a quantitative approach, of secondary data obtained in March 2023, through consultation with the IT Department of the Unified Health System of Brazil and the Mortality Information System. Records of deaths coded with the International Classification of Diseases C50 - Malignant breast neoplasm were included. The data were tabulated in spreadsheets using Microsoft Excel software. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out, considering populations of 100 thousand inhabitants. A gradual increase in breast cancer mortality was observed in the Southeast Region, people with white skin color, aged between 50 and 69 years, married, female, with 8 to 11 years of schooling and deaths in hospitals. Breast cancer mortality rates have been high and have steadily increased over the years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Lung cancer (LC) is a relevant public health problem in Brazil and worldwide, given its high incidence and mortality. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the distribution of smoking and smoking status according to sociodemographic characteristics and disparities in access, treatment, and mortality due to LC in Brazil in 2013 and 2019. METHOD Retrospective study of triangulation of national data sources: a) analysis of the distribution of smoking, based on the National Survey of Health (PNS); b) investigation of LC records via Hospital-based Cancer Registry (HCR); and c) distribution of mortality due to LC in the Mortality Information System (SIM). RESULTS There was a decrease in the percentage of people who had never smoked from 2013 (68.5%) to 2019 (60.2%) and in smoking history (pack-years). This was observed to be greater in men, people of older age groups, and those with less education. Concerning patients registered in the HCR, entry into the healthcare service occurs at the age of 50, and only 19% have never smoked. While smokers in the population are mainly Mixed-race, patients in the HCR are primarily White. As for the initial stage (I and II), it is more common in White people and people who have never smoked. The mortality rate varied from 1.00 for people with higher education to 3.36 for people without education. Furthermore, White people have a mortality rate three times higher than that of Black and mixed-race people. CONCLUSION This article highlighted relevant sociodemographic disparities in access to LC diagnosis, treatment, and mortality. Therefore, the recommendation is to strengthen the Population-Based Cancer Registry and develop and implement a nationwide LC screening strategy in Brazil since combined prevention and early diagnosis strategies work better in controlling mortality from the disease and continued investment in tobacco prevention and control policies.

Objective. To examine the homicide trends among young people (10–24 years), adolescents (10–19 years), and young adults (20–24 years) in 33 countries in the Americas between 2000 and 2019, with a focus on inequalities between countries in the burden of homicides. Methods. An ecological study was performed using estimated deaths from 33 countries. Age-adjusted rates, percentage change (PC), average annual percentage change (AAPC), and relative risk (RR) were estimated; besides, analysis on social inequalities was performed. Results. In the Americas between 2000 and 2019, homicide has been the leading cause of death with 54 515 deaths on average each year and an age-adjusted rate of 23.6 per 100 000 among young people. The highest rate was found in the Andean subregion (41.1 per 100 000 young people), which also produced the highest decrease (PC = –37.1% and AAPC = –2.4%) in the study period. The risk of homicide in young men is 8.1 times the risk in young women, and the risk in young adults is 2.5 times the risk in adolescents. The three countries with highest risk of homicide for young people are Venezuela (relative risk [RR] = 35.1), El Salvador (RR = 28.1), and Colombia (RR = 26.7). The estimated excess mortality was 26.8 homicides per 100 000 in the poorest 20% of countries compared to the richest 20% of countries in the period 2000–2009, and it decreased to 13.9 in the period 2010–2019. Conclusions. The results of this study add to the knowledge of homicide among young people and can be used to inform policy and programming in countries. Given the great burden of homicide on young people in the region, it is critical that prevention opportunities are maximized, beginning early in life.

Simple Summary: The aim of this study is to investigate the factors that influence mortality and survival rates in testicular cancer in Brazil. The researchers examined sociodemographic and risk factors, as well as the influence of diagnostic and treatment procedures on reducing mortality. The study analyzed data from individuals who died of testicular cancer between 2001 and 2020. Results showed a progressive increase in mortality after 2011, particularly among individuals born after 1976 and aged 15 to 40 years. Certain regions, marital statuses, and racial affiliations were associated with higher mortality rates. The use of certain pesticides also affected mortality rates in different regions. Despite high rates of diagnostic procedures, they were not sufficient to reduce mortality. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions and improved treatment strategies to reduce testicular cancer mortality rates in Brazil. Testicular cancer is common in young men, and early detection and multimodality treatment can lead to successful outcomes. This study aims to identify sociodemographic and risk factors associated with higher testicular cancer mortality and poorer survival rates, while examining the impact of diagnostic and treatment procedures on reducing mortality. The retrospective ecological study analyzed mortality data from testicular cancer in Brazil from 2001 to 2020. Sociodemographic variables such as marital status, age, birth period, year of death (cohort), race, and geographic region were assessed. Risk factors included cryptorchidism and pesticide exposure. Data were subjected to statistical analysis, which revealed an increasing trend in mortality after 2011 among persons born after 1976 in the 15–40 age group. Individuals in the South Region, whites, and singles had higher age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs), while singles had lower survival rates. The Northeast region had a higher survival rate. Fungicides and insecticides increase ASMR in Brazil. Herbicides increase ASMR in the Northeast and Midwest regions and insecticides increase ASMR in the Northeast, Southeast, and Midwest regions. High rates of implementation of diagnostic procedures in the Midwest were not sufficient to reduce ASMR. No treatment procedure was associated with mortality at the national or regional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To analyze the trend of neonatal mortality in Brazil from 2015 to 2019 and its preventable causes. Methods: Ecological time-series study with data extracted from the Mortality Information System and Live Births Information System. Neonatal mortality rates were calculated overall and according to preventable causes. Trend analysis was performed by Prais-Winsten regression. Results: The overall neonatal mortality rate reduced from 8.78 in 2015 to 8.60 in 2019. Disparities in neonatal mortality rates were observed among regions, with higher rates in the northern (10.3/1,000) and northeastern (9.9/1,000) regions. The causes preventable by adequate care for pregnancy, delivery and neonatal care prevailed, together totaling 97.8% of neonatal deaths in the period. There was a decreasing trend in preventable causes due to adequate care of the newborn (p < 0.001). Conclusion: There was a decrease in the neonatal mortality rate in Brazil from 2015 to 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the contribution of the Maternal Mortality and Death Surveillance Committee for women of childbearing age (WCA) and maternal mortality in the magnitude of maternal mortality and in the qualification of the causes of death in Recife, Brazil. Methods: ex ante/ex post evaluation, ecological, of the annual indicators of mortality of WCA, maternal and case study of declared maternal deaths according to causes of death before and after surveillance. Deaths of WCA (2010 and 2017) were analyzed. The percentage of investigation of deaths of WCA was calculated; their rates and maternal mortality ratio (MMR) were estimated; the groups of causes of death, classification of death, the moment of death, the proportional variation before and after surveillance, and the relocation of the causes after this process were described. Results: 4.327 (97.0%) of deaths of WCA were investigated (increase of 40.7% of maternal deaths) and MMR of 62.9/100 thousand live births. Improved notifications of immediate/late (75.0%) and remote (300.0%) postpartum; there was a difference in direct obstetric causes, total maternal deaths and late maternal death (p

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze premature mortality due to noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs) in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District (DF) after redistribution of garbage causes and the temporal evolution according to social deprivation strata in the 2010 to 2012 and 2017 to 2019 triennia. Methods: Corrections were applied to the Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade – SIM) data such as the redistribution of garbage codes (GC). Premature mortality rates due to NCDs were calculated and standardized by age. The differences among NCDs mortality rates were analyzed according to the Brazilian Deprivation Index (Índice Brasileiro de Privação – IBP) categories and between the three-year periods. Results: In the capitals as a whole, rates increased between 8 and 12% after GC redistribution and the greatest increases occurred in areas of high deprivation: 11.9 and 11.4%, triennia 1 and 2, respectively. There was variability between the capitals. There was a reduction in rates in all strata of deprivation between the three-year periods, with the greatest decrease in the stratum of low deprivation (-18.2%) and the lowest in the stratum of high deprivation (-7.5%). Conclusion: The redistribution of GC represented an increase in mortality rates, being higher in the strata of greater social deprivation. As a rule, a positive gradient of mortality was observed with increasing social deprivation. The analysis of the temporal evolution showed a decrease in mortality from NCDs between the triennia, especially in areas of lower social deprivation.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the trends of cervical cancer mortality in Brazilian Southeastern states, and to compare them to Brazil and other regions between 1980 and 2020. METHODS Time series study based on data from the Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade (Brazilian Mortality Information System). Death data were corrected by proportional redistribution of deaths from ill-defined causes and cervical cancer of unspecified portion. Age-standardized and age-specific rates were calculated by screening target (25–39 years; 40–64 years) and non-target (65 years or older) age groups. Annual percentage changes (APC) were estimated by linear regression model with breakpoints. The coverage of Pap Smear exam in the Unified Health System (SUS) was evaluated between 2009 and 2020 according to age group and locality. RESULTS There were increases in corrected mortality rates both in 1980 and in 2020 in all regions, with most evident increments at the beginning of the series. There was a decrease in mortality nationwide between 1980–2020; however, the state of São Paulo showed a discrete upward trend in 2014–2020 (APC=1.237; 95%CI 0.046–2.443). Noteworthy is the trend increment in the 25–39 year-old group in all study localities, being sharper in the Southeast region in 2013–2020 (APC=5.072; 95%CI 3.971–6.185). Screening coverage rates were highest in São Paulo and lowest in Rio de Janeiro, with a consistent decline from 2012 onwards at all ages. CONCLUSIONS São Paulo is the first Brazilian state to show a reversal trend in mortality from cervical cancer. The changes in mortality patterns identified in this study point to the need for reorganization of the current screening program, which should be improved to ensure high coverage, quality, and adequate follow-up of all women with altered test results.

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To examine the homicide trends among young people (10--24 years), adolescents (10--19 years), and young adults (20--24 years) in 33 countries in the Americas between 2000 and 2019, with a focus on inequalities between countries in the burden of homicides. Methods. An ecological study was performed using estimated deaths from 33 countries. Age-adjusted rates, percentage change (PC), average annual percentage change (AAPC), and relative risk (RR) were estimated; besides, analysis on social inequalities was performed. Results. In the Americas between 2000 and 2019, homicide has been the leading cause of death with 54 515 deaths on average each year and an age-adjusted rate of 23.6 per 100 000 among young people. The highest rate was found in the Andean subregion (41.1 per 100 000 young people), which also produced the highest decrease (PC = --37.1% and AAPC = --2.4%) in the study period. The risk of homicide in young men is 8.1 times the risk in young women, and the risk in young adults is 2.5 times the risk in adolescents. The three countries with highest risk of homicide for young people are Venezuela (relative risk [RR] = 35.1), El Salvador (RR = 28.1), and Colombia (RR = 26.7). The estimated excess mortality was 26.8 homicides per 100 000 in the poorest 20% of countries compared to the richest 20% of countries in the period 2000--2009, and it decreased to 13.9 in the period 2010--2019. Conclusions. The results of this study add to the knowledge of homicide among young people and can be used to inform policy and programming in countries. Given the great burden of homicide on young people in the region, it is critical that prevention opportunities are maximized, beginning early in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: to evaluate the contribution of the Maternal Mortality and Death Surveillance Committee for women of childbearing age (WCA) and maternal mortality in the magnitude of maternal mortality and in the qualification of the causes of death in Recife, Brazil. Methods: ex ante/ex post evaluation, ecological, of the annual indicators of mortality of WCA, maternal and case study of declared maternal deaths according to causes of death before and after surveillance. Deaths of WCA (2010 and 2017) were analyzed. The percentage of investigation of deaths of WCA was calculated; their rates and maternal mortality ratio (MMR) were estimated; the groups of causes of death, classification of death, the moment of death, the proportional variation before and after surveillance, and the relocation of the causes after this process were described. Results: 4.327 (97.0%) of deaths of WCA were investigated (increase of 40.7% of maternal deaths) and MMR of 62.9/100 thousand live births. Improved notifications of immediate/late (75.0%) and remote (300.0%) postpartum; there was a difference in direct obstetric causes, total maternal deaths and late maternal death (p<0.001). Conclusion: the surveillance and the Maternal Mortality Committee showed potential in identifying the magnitude and qualification of causes of maternal death in order to propose the interventions directed to obstetric care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Salud UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Garbage codes, such as external causes with no specific information, indicate poor quality cause of death data. Investigation of garbage codes via an effective instrument is necessary to convert them into useful data for public health. This study analyzed the performance and suitability of the new investigation of deaths from external causes (IDEC) form to improve the quality of external cause of death data in Brazil. The performance of the IDEC form on 133 external garbage codes deaths was compared with a stratified matched sample of 992 (16%) investigated deaths that used the standard garbage codes form. Consistency between these two groups was checked. The percentage of garbage codes from external causes reclassified into valid causes with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was analyzed. Reclassification for specific causes has been described. Qualitative data on the feasibility of the form were recorded by field investigators. Investigation using the new form reduced all external garbage codes by -92.5% (95%CI: -97.0; -88.0), whereas the existing form decreased garbage codes by -60.5% (95%CI: -63.5; -57.4). The IDEC form presented higher effectivity for external-cause garbage codes of determined intent. Deaths that remained garbage codes mainly lacked information about the circumstances of poisoning and/or vehicle accidents. Despite the fact that field investigators considered the IDEC form feasible, they suggested modifications for further improvement. The new form was more effective than the current standard form in improving the quality of defined external causes.

This study characterises maternal mortality in southern Brazil and verifies its trends between 2000 and 2018. It is an ecological time-series study, analysing secondary data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. The trend of the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was calculated using generalised linear regression, and the ratios of the rates according to women's characteristics, with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. The MMR in the South region went from 53.4 to 36.8 deaths per 100,000 live births from 2000 to 2018, a reduction trend of 1.2 percentage points per year. Mortality was directly related to increasing age (p <.001) and inversely related to schooling (p <.001) and predominated in non-white women (p <.001). The main cause of death was direct causes, including hypertensive disorders. Despite the reduction trend in maternal mortality in southern Brazil, the MMR observed is constantly above the recommended by the World Health Organisation. What is already known on this subject? The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is an indicator that allows an analysis of women's health in relation to the socio-economic and care characteristics of the region where they live. Between 2000 and 2015, Brazil had presented a high MMR, with around 50 deaths per 100,000 live births, while WHO considers a reasonably adequate MMR of fewer than 20 deaths per 100,000 live births. What do the results of this study add? This study updates data about MMR in the Southern Region of Brazil, the one which has the lowest rates in the country, but with variable values between the states. There was a reduction in MMR in southern Brazil between 2000 and 2018 but higher rates for women over 30 years old and in a situation of social vulnerability, as low-income and non-white women. Santa Catarina State presented stable values in the period and remained below the RMM averages of the other states during all years. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Comparing previous and current Maternal Mortality Rates in the regional context is important to adapt public health policies for the most affected population. Maternal death is still a reality for single and low-income women, who have greater difficulty in access to health care. Strategies in the Unified Health System are needed to tackle this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To compare the death counts from three sources of information on mortality available in Brazil in 2010, the Mortality Information System (SIM - Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade ), Civil Registration Statistic System (RC - Sistema de Estatísticas de Resgistro Civil ), and the 2010 Demographic Census at various geographical levels, and to confirm the association between municipal socioeconomic characteristics and the source which showed the highest death count. METHODS This is a descriptive and comparative study of raw data on deaths in the SIM, RC and 2010 Census databases, the latter held in Brazilian states and municipalities between August 2009 and July 2010. The percentage of municipalities was confirmed by the database showing the highest death count. The association between the source of the highest death count and socioeconomic indicators - the Índice de Privação Brasileiro (IBP – Brazilian Deprivation Index) and Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IHDM – Municipal Human Development Index) - was performed by bivariate choropleth and Moran Local Index of Spatial Association (LISA) cluster maps. RESULTS Confirmed that the SIM is the database with the highest number of deaths counted for all Brazilian macroregions, except the North, in which the highest coverage was from the 2010 Census. Based on the indicators proposed, in general, the Census showed a higher coverage of deaths than the SIM and the RC in the most deprived (highest IBP values) and less developed municipalities (lowest IDHM values) in the country. CONCLUSION The results highlight regional inequalities in how the databases chosen for this study cover death records, and the importance of maintaining the issue of mortality on the basic census questionnaire.

Introduction: Rare diseases are characterized by their low prevalence, chronically debilitating and life-threatening nature. Objective: To determine the characteristics and factors associated with mortality due to rare diseases in Chile from 2002 to 2017. Materials and methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study based on secondary mortality database from the Departamento de Estadística e Información en Salud (DEIS), Ministerio de Salud de Chile (Department of Statistics and Health Information, Chile Ministry of Health) from 2002 to 2017. The specific mortality rates adjusted by age and sex were calculated. A normality analysis was conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. In addition, a chi-square test of independence for associations and multivariate logistic regression was applied to determine the probability of death. Results: Between 2008 and 2012 there were 10,718 deaths due to rare diseases, 53.2% of them occurred among women. The average annual mortality rate was 3.9 per 100,000 inhabitants: 4.1 in women and 3.8 in men. The main causes of mortality among women were Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, anencephaly and autoinmune hepatitis, and among men, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, muscular dystrophy and anencephaly. Women are 1.75 times more likely to die than men (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.69 - 1.82). The highest probability of dying occurred among children aged 0-4 years (aOR = 15.30; 95% CI: 14.10 - 19.20). Conclusion: Overall, the burden of mortality due to rare disease was higher among women of all ages in Chile between 2002 and 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Objective: evaluate the effectiveness of MPI to predict mortality in patients with peritonitis in Santa Casa de Misericordia de Vitoria Hospital (HSCMV). Methods: a longitudinal observational cohort retrospectively study, with a sample of 75 patients diagnosed with peritonitis between January 2010 to December 2 of 2015, in HSCMV and with all the necessary criteria for the calculation of IPM. Results: we found a profile of the patients, 33 female and 42 male, mean age 42 years, 11 deaths and 14.67% mortality percentage. Comparing the MPI variables into two groups (survivors and deceased) was found that older than 50 years, presence of malignancy and patients with organ dysfunction have statistical significance for mortality, with p

Objective. To estimate the sensitivity and specificity of two Mexican death registries for the identification of vital status using a publicly available record-linkage tool. Materials and methods. We selected all reported deaths (n=581) and 575 alive participants in an epidemiologic cohort with active follow-up. Individual records were cross-linked to two mortality registries. Results. A sensitivity of 87.2% (95%CI: 84.7, 90.2) and specificity of 99.3% (95%CI: 98.2, 99.8) were jointly achieved with both registries. Major discrepancies in cause of death were observed in 10.8% of deaths. Conclusion. There is initial evidence that Mexican death registries are a valuable resource for mortality follow-up in epidemiologic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To compare the death counts from three sources of information on mortality available in Brazil in 2010, the Mortality Information System (SIM - Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade), Civil Registration Statistic System (RC - Sistema de Estatísticas de Resgistro Civil), and the 2010 Demographic Census at various geographical levels, and to confirm the association between municipal socioeconomic characteristics and the source which showed the highest death count. METHODS: This is a descriptive and comparative study of raw data on deaths in the SIM, RC and 2010 Census databases, the latter held in Brazilian states and municipalities between August 2009 and July 2010. The percentage of municipalities was confirmed by the database showing the highest death count. The association between the source of the highest death count and socioeconomic indicators - the Índice de Privação Brasileiro (IBP - Brazilian Deprivation Index) and Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IHDM - Municipal Human Development Index) - was performed by bivariate choropleth and Moran Local Index of Spatial Association (LISA) cluster maps. RESULTS: Confirmed that the SIM is the database with the highest number of deaths counted for all Brazilian macroregions, except the North, in which the highest coverage was from the 2010 Census. Based on the indicators proposed, in general, the Census showed a higher coverage of deaths than the SIM and the RC in the most deprived (highest IBP values) and less developed municipalities (lowest IDHM values) in the country. CONCLUSION: The results highlight regional inequalities in how the databases chosen for this study cover death records, and the importance of maintaining the issue of mortality on the basic census questionnaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Salud UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To compare cancer mortality rates in Mexico from two national death registries that independently code and attribute cause of death. Materials and methods. We compared 5-year age-standardized total cancer and site-specific cancer mortality rates (2010-2014) from Mexico’s official death registry with a death registry from a disease surveillance system. We obtained age-adjusted mortality rates and 95% confidence intervals using the direct method and World Population Prospects 2010 as a standard. Results. Cancer mortality estimates for Mexico were minimally af­fected by the use of two distinct death certificate-coding procedures. Cancer mortality was 73.3 for Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía and 72.7 for System for Epidemiologic Death Statistics per 100 000 women. The correspond­ing estimates for men were 68.3 and 67.8. Conclusion. Mexico’s low cancer mortality is unlikely to be explained by death certificate processing. Further investigations into the process of death certification and cancer registration should be conducted in Mexico.

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study describes the COVID-19 death reporting delay in the city of São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil, and shows its impact on timely monitoring and modeling of the COVID-19 pandemic, while seeking to ascertain how nowcasting can improve death reporting delay. We analyzed COVID-19 death data reported daily in the Epidemiological Bulletin of the State Health Secretariat of Maranhão and calculated the reporting delay from March 23 to August 29, 2020. A semi-mechanistic Bayesian hierarchical model was fitted to illustrate the impact of death reporting delay and test the effectiveness of a Bayesian Nowcasting in improving data quality. Only 17.8% of deaths were reported without delay or the day after, while 40.5% were reported more than 30 days late. Following an initial underestimation due to reporting delay, 644 deaths were reported from June 7 to August 29, although only 116 deaths occurred during this period. Using the Bayesian nowcasting technique partially improved the quality of mortality data during the peak of the pandemic, providing estimates that better matched the observed scenario in the city, becoming unusable nearly two months after the peak. As delay in death reporting can directly interfere with assertive and timely decision-making regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, the Brazilian epidemiological surveillance system must be urgently revised and notifying the date of death must be mandatory. Nowcasting has proven somewhat effective in improving the quality of mortality data, but only at the peak of the pandemic.

This paper aimed to evaluate the relationship between the lack of filling in education level information of adult deaths in the Brazilian Mortality Information System (SIM, by its Portuguese acronym) with sociodemographic characteristics of the deceased. Using sociodemographic information from SIM, a descriptive temporal analysis of the percentages of missing data in the education variable was performed. Next, the relationship between the lack of completion for education information was evaluated with sociodemographic variables. It was observed that men, at older ages, white, widowed, who died on public roads and due to external causes have a greater chance for failure in filling out the education information. Furthermore, it was found that the chance of presenting missing data is lower in the northern region compared to the other regions. It is generally concluded that the distribution of failure to complete the education information for deaths registered in the SIM is not uniform across spatial, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.

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Introduction: Schistosomiasis is a disease endemic in Brazil. We analyzed the death records from the Brazilian Mortality Information System with the aim of retrieving deaths due to schistosomiasis and describing the patients that evolved to death in Brazil in the year of 2015. Methods: We evaluated the death certificates for retrieving basic causes due to schistosomiasis, estimated the mortality rate and described the sociodemographic characteristics of patients. Result: To retrieve the basic cause, we analyzed 150 death certificates and we found 39 (26%). Of the 406 studied deaths, 111 (27.3%) occurred in people aged between 60 and 69 and 101 (24.9%) between 70 and 79. Regarding the educational level, 196 (62.4%) had not concluded the elementary school and 85 (27.1%) had never studied. As to race/skin color, 248 deaths (65.1%) occurred in black or pardo. Pernambuco registered more deaths, with 119 (29.3%). Alagoas was the state presenting the highest mortality rate, with 1.62/100,000 residents. As immediate causes of death, most of them, 118 (29.1%), occurred by hypovolemic shock. Conclusions: Deaths were more frequent in older ages, consistent with the disease chronic evolution, in people with lower educational level, and in subjects that reported themselves as black or pardo.

Abstract Background Mortality registries are an essential data source for public health surveillance and for planning and evaluating public policy. Nevertheless, there are still large inequalities in the completeness and quality of mortality registries between and within countries. In Ecuador, there have been few nationwide evaluations of the mortality registry and no evaluations of inequalities between provinces. This kind of analysis is fundamental for strengthening the vital statistics system. Methods Ecological study assessing the completeness, quality and internal consistency of mortality data in the provinces of Ecuador, using 13 years of mortality data (2001–2013). Completeness was assessed using three types of death distribution methods (DDMs), quality by estimating the percentages of garbage codes and deaths with unspecified age or sex in the registered deaths, and internal consistency by estimating the percentage of deaths with reported causes of deaths considered impossible in some age–sex combinations. Finally, we propose a classification of the mortality registry in the studied areas based on completeness and quality. Results Completeness estimates (mean of the three methods used) in the provinces ranged from 21 to 87% in women and from 35 to 89% in men. The percentage of garbage codes in the provinces ranged from 21 to 56% in women and from 25 to 52% in men. Garbage coding was higher in women and in older age groups. The percentage of deaths with unspecified age or sex, and the percentage of deaths with reported causes of deaths considered impossible in some age–sex combinations was low in all the studied areas. The mortality registry could only be classified as acceptable in one area for men and one area for women. Conclusions We found substantial inequalities by sex, geographical areas and age in the completeness and quality of the mortality registry of Ecuador. The findings of this study will be helpful to direct measures to improve Ecuador’s vital statistics system and to generate strategies to reduce bias when using mortality data to analyse health inequalities in the country.

Abstract: In the last decades, few epidemiological studies have discussed the mortality rates due to leukemia and lymphoma in Brazil. This study analyzes the evolution over time of the number of deaths due to leukemia and lymphoma in Brazil, between 2010 and 2016, considering the population’s characteristics and spatial distribution. This is a retrospective epidemiological study based on data obtained in the Brazilian Health Informatics Department (DATASUS), associated with the quantitative population. We created choropleth maps and predictive models of mortality rates, using the incidence rate ratio (IRR) to measure the size of the effect. Leukemia had a 1.76 higher mortality rate than lymphoma. Leukemia mortality trends increased by 1.2% per year between 2010 and 2016. Regions with the lowest social inequality had higher mortality rates for both diseases. There was a difference between peaks with higher chances of death due to leukemia (> 60 years) and lymphoma (> 70 years). Older age, male, white, and South and Southeast regions were associated with higher mortality by leukemia or lymphoma.

The objective of the study is to analyze the mortality trend in indigenous peoples in Brazil. The study design used is an ecological study. A study carried out with data from the indigenous deaths recorded on the Mortality Information System in Brazil between 2000 and 2016. The Prais Winsten regression was used to analyze the trend of overall mortality in the country and in its geopolitical regions, in addition to the trend by sex, age groups, and groups of basic causes of death. Of all deaths, 47,806 indigenous deaths were recorded between 2000 and 2016. The majority was male (56.5%) and 27.2% in children aged younger than 5 years. The major groups of causes of death were the circulatory diseases (15.8%) and external causes (14.9%). The affections of the perinatal period (23.7%) and infectious and parasitic diseases (18.5%) were the main causes in children aged younger than 5 years. The indigenous mortality rates showed an increasing trend in the country (annual percent change [APC] = 2.37%). There was growth in both sexes and in most age ranges. Mortality from external causes (APC = 4.71%), neoplasms (APC = 4.67%), and respiratory causes (APC = 4.14%) also presented growth. The infectious and parasitic causes and genitourinary causes showed a stable trend in the studied period. The increasing trend of mortality in the analyzed variables showed disparities between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples in Brazil, pointing to the need for greater investment in basic social sectors, such as health, education, housing, and sanitation. • Indigenous mortality showed an increasing trend in Brazil between 2000 and 2016. • Of all deaths, 27.2% of indigenous deaths occurred with less than 5 years of life. • Of all deaths, 15.8% of indigenous deaths occurred due to circulatory causes and 14.9% due to external causes. • Indigenous mortality from external and respiratory causes increased 4.71% and 4.14% each year, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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With the growth of the elderly population and the aspects inherent therein, it is necessary to know the profile of mortality in the elderly. Objective: To describe the mortality profile of elderly hospitalized patients from 1996 to 2016 in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Methodology: DATASUS data were collected on reported deaths and analyzed using BioEstat Software version 5.3. Results: The main cause of death in the elderly was diseases of the circulatory system (36.6%). Significant differences were observed regarding race (p <0.0001), schooling (p = 0.0004), marital status (p = 0.0026) and relative to the winter period when compared to summer (p < 0,05). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate the main characteristics of the deaths in the elderly in MS, demonstrating the importance of public policies and assisting in the management of hospital services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To compare cancer mortality rates in Mexico from two national death registries that independently code and attribute cause of death. Materials and methods. We compared 5-year age-standardized total cancer and sitespecific cancer mortality rates (2010-2014) from Mexico's official death registry with a death registry from a disease surveillance system. We obtained age-adjusted mortality rates and 95% confidence intervals using the direct method and World Population Prospects 2010 as a standard. Results. Cancer mortality estimates for Mexico were minimally affected by the use of two distinct death certificate-coding procedures. Cancer mortality was 73.3 for Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía and 72.7 for System for Epidemiologic Death Statistics per 100 000 women. The corresponding estimates for men were 68.3 and 67.8. Conclusion. Mexico's low cancer mortality is unlikely to be explained by death certificate processing. Further investigations into the process of death certification and cancer registration should be conducted in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To describe the impact of deficient cause-of-death records on trends in death by suicide and homicide, through imputation of missing information. Methods. Observational and descriptive study of temporal trends in recorded deaths from external causes in Argentina in the period 1997-2018. For imputation of intent, logistic models were adjusted on the basis of predictive variables from the Statistical Report on Deaths. Vital statistics and population projections were used as secondary sources. Results. As measured by the original data, mortality from external causes declined, specifically for homicides and accidents. These declines were more pronounced with the corrected data, since imputation of intent had a greater impact early in the period. Death by suicide increased by 8.0%; and after the correction, by 12.9%. Conclusions. The correction does not substantively alter the trend in mortality from external causes, but it does significantly increase mortality from homicide and suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar a implantação do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) em Pernambuco, Brasil. Métodos: pesquisa avaliativa; utilizaram-se dados primários (questionários) e secundários (SIM) referentes aos municípios para estimar o grau de implantação (GI), confrontando indicadores de estrutura e processo aos de resultado; consolidaram-se os dados por região e estado. Resultados: o SIM estava parcialmente implantado no estado (70,6%) e regiões (66,3 a 74,8%); ‘gestão’ (75,1%), ‘emissão e preenchimento’ (79,1%) e ‘processamento’ (71,7%), parcialmente implantados; ‘coleta’ (80,7%), implantada; ‘distribuição e controle’ (49,7%) e ‘análise e divulgação’ (58,0%), com implantação incipiente; encontraram-se valores superiores a 90% para cobertura, óbitos com causa básica definida, municípios com transferência de dados mensal e declarações de óbito digitadas e enviadas oportunamente; verificou-se coerência entre GI e indicadores de resultado, estes melhores quanto maior o GI. Conclusão: o SIM mostrou-se parcialmente implantado, por inadequações na distribuição, controle, análise e divulgação, influenciando desfavoravelmente os efeitos observados.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To establish a historical series of fetal mortality in Brazil and regions between 1996 and 2015, identifying its behavior and trend. METHODS: A descriptive study on cases of fetal deaths in Brazil and in each region reported from 1996 to 2015, registered in DATASUS and classified by ICD-10. Maternal age and schooling, duration of gestation and type of delivery were considered. We calculated the fetal mortality rate between 1996 and 2015 to build historical series. RESULTS: The time series shows a steady chart of the fetal mortality rate (FMR) from 2000 in Brazil and in all regions. The country's fetal mortality rate rose from 8.19 in 1996 to 9.50 per 1,000 births in 2015. There was an increasing trend in fetal deaths whose root cause appears in chapter XVII of ICD-10 in Brazil and in all regions. Deaths from Chapter XVI causes showed a trend of increase only in the Northeast region, while other basic causes showed a trend of increase in the Southeast and South regions. In the Brazilian scope, there was an increasing trend of fetal deaths in mothers in the 10-14 and 25-44 years age groups. In Brazil and in all regions, there was an increase of the FMR in women with more than 8 years of schooling. Fetal deaths predominated between 28 and 36 weeks of gestation, with a growing trend in Brazil and all regions, except in the South (steady). Vaginal delivery prevailed, with a steady trend, while cesarean sections showed an increasing trend in Brazil and in all regions. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of information about fetal deaths, investments in research committees, and improvement in the quality of prenatal care should be prioritized to enable more effective coping and to reduce the fetal mortality rate in Brazil.

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)