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Primorska kozja češnja (Rhamnus intermedius Steud. & Hochst.) je pred kratkim postala nova predstavnica slovenske flore. Na zaraščajočem travniku Kraškega roba je bil opažen en sam grm, sestavljen iz več morfološko različnih poganjkov. Prvič je bila izvedena izolacija DNA iz slovenske populacije primorske kozje češnje. Poleg tega je bilo na tej vrsti prvič preizkušano delovanje mikrosatelitskih markerjev, ki so bili že prej uporabljeni na drugih sorodnih vrstah iz rodu Rhamnus. V raziskavo sta bili vključeni slovenska in hrvaška populacija, kot referenčni vrsti pa sta služili razkrečena (R. saxatilis) in kranjska kozja češnja (R. fallax). Analiza sedmih mikrosatelitskih lokusov je v slovenskem grmu primorske kozje češnje določila šest različnih genotipov. Populacija je, v nasprotju s hrvaško, ki povprečno izkazuje pomanjkanje heterozigotov (F = 0,281), precej variabilna (F = -0,204). V vzorcu hrvaške populacije je bil na treh lokusih potrjen odmik od Hardy-Weinbergovega ravnovesja. Med populacijama se kaže zmerna genetska diferenciacija (FST = 0,088). Primerjava genetske slike treh vrst kozje češnje je bila izvedena z analizo glavnih koordinat. Iz analize je razvidno, da opazovani grm pripada vrsti Rhamnus intermedius. Rezultati raziskave potrjujejo, da ima populacija možnosti za medsebojno opraševanje in razmnoževanje s semenom. Rhamnus intermedius Steud. & Hochst. has recently become a new representative of the Slovenian flora. On the meadow along the Karst edge a single bush was observed, composed of morphologically different shoots (Jarni, 2014). DNA isolation on this species in Slovenia was carried out for the first time. Moreover, microsatellite markers previously used on other Rhamnus species were examined for the first time on Rhamnus intermedius. The study included Slovenian and Croatian populations. Samples of R. saxatilis and R. fallax served as reference species. A genomic analysis of seven loci revealed six genetically distinctive individuals in the Slovenian bush. In comparison to the Croation population, which on average exhibited low heterozigocity (F = 0.281), the Slovenian population showed considerable variability (F = -0.204). A deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was identified in three loci of the Croatian population sample. Between those two populations, moderate differentiation was observed (FST = 0.088). A comparison of the genetic profiles of the three Rhamnus species was performed using principal coordinate analysis. The analysis confirms that the observed bush belongs to the species Rhamnus intermedius. The results of the study indicate that the Slovenian population has the potential for pollination and reproduction through seeds.

Nagelj (Dianthus sp.) spada v družino klinčnic (Caryophyllaceae) in v svetovnem merilu sodi med pomembnejše okrasne rastline. V Sloveniji gojimo tako gorenjski, kot tudi manj poznani švicarski nagelj. Morfološko se nageljna razlikujeta, na genetskem nivoju pa ni veliko znanega. Zato smo izvedli genotipizacijo 36 vzorčnih rastlin z mikrosatelitskimi markerji. Iz dobljenih podatkov smo potrdili razlike med nageljni tudi na genetskem nivoju. Nagelj okužuje veliko število virusov. Nekateri izmed teh so: virus lisavosti, virus lisavosti žil, virus obročkastih razjed, virus obročkaste pegavosti, italijanski virus obročkaste pegavosti in latentni virus nageljna. Z namenom odstranitve virusov smo izolirali meristeme vzorčnih rastlin nageljna in jih gojili v rastlinskih tkivnih kulturah. Za regeneracijo meristemov smo uporabili MS z vitamini in dodatkom BAP (0,5 mg/l). Razvijajoče meristeme smo subkultivirali in kasneje tudi aklimatizirali. Prisotnost in določevanje virusov smo izvedli z namnoževanjem virusne cDNA iz začetnih vzorčnih rastlin in iz regeneriranih meristemov. Rezultati potrjujejo prisotnost virusov v uporabljenem rastlinskem materialu, tako v vzorčnih rastlinah, kot tudi v rastlinah, pridobljenih z izolacijo meristema. S sekvenciranjem smo potrdili virus lisavosti nageljna in virus lisavosti žil nageljna. Rezultati nakazujejo, da je metodo za pridobivanje zdravega rastlinskega materiala s pomočjo meristemov potrebno optimizirati z uporabo termo ali kemoterapije. The carnation (Dianthus sp.) from the family Caryophyllaceae is one of the most important ornamental plants on the world market. In Slovenia, both the Gorenjski carnation and the less well-known “švicarski” carnation are cultivated. Morphologically we can distinguish them from each other, but not much is known at the genetic level. Therefore, we genotyped 36 sample plants with microsatellite markers. Based on the data obtained, we were able to confirm the differences between the carnations at the genetic level. Carnation is infected with many viruses. Some of them are Carnation Mottle, Vein Mottle Virus, Etched Ring Virus, Ringspot Virus, Italian Ringspot Virus and Carnation Latent Virus. To remove the viruses, we isolated meristems from carnation plants and grew them in tissue culture. For meristem regeneration, we used MS medium with vitamins supplemented with BAP (0,5 mg/l). The developing meristems were subcultured and later acclimatised. Detection and identification of viruses was done by amplification of viral cDNA from sample plants and regenerated meristems. The results confirm the presence of viruses in plant material, in sample plants and in plants produced by meristem regeneration. Carnation mottle virus and carnation vein mottle virus were confirmed by sequencing. The results suggest that we need to optimise the method of developing healthy plant material from meristems by using thermotherapy or chemotherapy.

Some wild, morphologically diverse taxa of the genus Iris in the broad Alpine-Dinaric area have never been explored molecularly, and/or have ambiguous systematic status. The main aims of our research were to perform a molecular study of critical Iris taxa from that area (especially a narrow endemic accepted species I. adriatica, for which we also analysed genome size) and to explore the contribution of eight microsatellites and highly variable chloroplast DNA (ndhJ, rpoC1) markers to the understanding of the Iris taxa taxonomy and phylogeny. Both the microsatellite-based UPGMA and plastid markers-based maximum likelihood analysis discriminated three main clusters in the set of 32 analysed samples, which correspond well to the lower taxonomic categories of the genus, and support separate status of ambiguous regional taxa (e.g., I. sibirica subsp. erirrhiza, I. x croatica and I. x rotschildii). The first molecular data on I. adriatica revealed its genome size (2C = 12.639 &plusmn, 0.202 pg) and indicated the existence of ecotypes. For future molecular characterisation of the genus we recommend the utilisation of microsatellite markers supplemented with a combination of plastid markers.

The main goal of the Slovene Plant Gene Bank is preservation, maintenance and evaluation of traditional cultivars and other useful genotypes. The Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences houses among other plant materials also numerous accessions of plums (Prunus domestica L.). Duplicates among 15 accessions were studied using six microsatellite primer pairs. These microsatellite markers revealed an average of 7.67 alleles per locus, and a range of 4 to 10 different alleles per locus. The genetic distances between studied accessions were calculated using the Dice coefficient to form a dendrogram. The six SSRs were found to be adequate for differentiating among genotypes within the collection. Among the analysed accessions no duplicates were found. Slovenska rastlinska genska banka skrbi za ohranjanje, vzdrževanje in vrednotenje tradicionalnih kultivarjev in drugih uporabnih genotipov rastlin. Fakulteta za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede skrbi med drugim tudi za številne akcesije sliv (Prunus domestica L.). Med 15 izbranimi akcesijami, smo s pomočjo šestih mikrosatelitskih lokusov želeli poiskati morebitne duplikate. Z mikrosatelitskimi markerji smo v povprečju namnožili 7.67 alelov na lokus in dobili od 4 do 10 različnih alelov na posamezen lokus. Za računanje genetskih oddaljenosti med proučevanimi akcesijami smo izračunali Dice koeficient in izrisali dendrogram. Šest mikrosatelitskih lokusov je zadostovalo za razlikovanje med akcesijami. Med preučevanimi akcesijami nismo našli duplikatov.

Nine new microsatellite markers (SSR) were isolated from Salvia officinalis L. A total of 125 alleles, with 8 to 21 alleles per locus, were detected in a natural population from the east Adriatic coast. The observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, and polymorphic information content ranged from 0.46 to 0.83, 0.73 to 0.93 and 0.70 to 0.92, respectively. New microsatellite markers, as well as previously published markers, were tested for cross-amplification in Salvia brachyodon Vandas, a narrow endemic species known to be present in only two localities on the Balkan Peninsula. Out of 30 microsatellite markers tested on the natural S. brachyodon population, 15 were successfully amplified. To obtain evidence of recent bottleneck events in the populations of both species, observed genetic diversity (H$_E$) was compared to the expected genetic diversity at mutation-drift equilibrium (H$_{EQ}$) and calculated from the observed number of alleles using a two-phased mutation model (TPM). Recent bottleneck events were detected only in the S. brachyodon population. This result suggests the need to reconsider the current threat category of this endemic species.