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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum stands out as the most destructive pathogen affecting oilseed Brassica crops. Our study unveils the proteomic basis of a novel resistance mechanism, termed "Stem-Physical-Strength-Mediated-Resistance (SPSMR)," against S. sclerotiorum in Brassicaceae through a comparative proteomic analysis. Field assessments highlight significant differences in stem-physical strength attributes between the resistant (R) and susceptible (S) genotypes, emphasizing the importance of SPSMR. Field evaluation revealed that the resistant genotype S. alba SA1 demonstrates significantly (P ≤ 0.01) superior stem traits at various time points post-inoculation as compared to susceptible genotypes. Pearson's correlation analysis establishes significant associations between lesion length and stem attributes, with stem breaking strength emerging as a key contributor to resistance. Proteomic profiling at different infection stages reveals temporal dynamics, showcasing the resistant genotype's robust and adaptive defense response. KEGG enrichment analysis underscores the significance of phenylalanine metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs) in resistant and susceptible genotypes revealed intricate expression profiles, particularly in lignin biosynthesis. Proteins associated with cell wall fortification, especially in the lignin biosynthetic pathway, exhibit nuanced expression profiles. Specific proteins, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, shikimate dehydrogenase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 5, and peroxidase, show significantly higher expression in the resistant genotype across infection stages. Additionally, proteins involved in plant-pathogen, intracellular pH regulation, and antioxidant defense exhibit differential expression, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the complex regulatory network during S. sclerotiorum infection. This research not only enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance but also underscores the varied strategies utilized by Brassicaceae to combat pathogenic intrusion, emphasizing the potential for developing resistant cultivars against S. sclerotiorum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunosuppression devoid of corticosteroids has been investigated to avoid long-term comorbidities. Likewise, alternatives to calcineurin inhibitors have been investigated as a strategy to improve long-term kidney function following transplanion. Costimulatory blockade strategies that include corticosteroids have recently shown promise, despite their higher rates of early acute rejection. We designed a randomized clinical trial utilizing depletional induction therapy to mitigate early rejection risk while limiting calcineurin inhibitors and corticosteroids. This trial, Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation 16 (CTOT-16), sought to evaluate novel belatacept-based strategies employing tacrolimus and corticosteroid avoidance. Sixty-nine kidney transplant recipients were randomized from 4 US transplant centers comparing a control group of with rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) induction, rapid steroid taper, and maintenance mycophenolate and tacrolimus, to 2 arms using maintenance belatacept. There were no graft losses but there were 2 deaths in the control group. However, the trial was halted early because of rejection in the belatacept treatment groups. Serious adverse events were similar across groups. Although rejection was not uniform in the belatacept maintenance therapy groups, the frequency of rejection limits the practical implementation of this strategy to avoid both calcineurin inhibitors and corticosteroids at this time.

OBJECTIVE: Melatonin regulates the mammalian circadian rhythm and plays metabolic functions such as glucose homeostasis. Both melatonin receptors (MTNR1A and MTNR1B, encoded by the MTNR1A and MTNR1B genes, respectively) are expressed in pancreatic beta cells and mediate the glucometabolic roles of melatonin as well as insulin secretion. The MTNR1B gene is a well-known genetic risk factor in type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, little is known about the involvement of the MTNR1A gene in here T2D. We aimed to investigate whether MTNR1A is linked to and/or associated with familial T2D. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We genotyped 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms within the MTNR1A gene in 212 peninsular Italian families with T2D. We performed parametric linkage and linkage disequilibrium analyses to investigate the role of MTNR1A variants in conferring T2D risk. We considered variants statistically significant if conferring linkage or linkage disequilibrium with p < 0.05. RESULTS: We found 3 novel variants (rs62350392, rs2119883, and rs13147179) significantly linked to and/or associated with T2D in multigenerational Italian families. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report MTNR1A as a novel risk gene in T2D. Functional studies are needed to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The city-wide COVID-19 lockdown has resulted in psychological anguish, which may have an impact on dietary consumption. This study's dual goals are to show how Chinese food consumption was altered before and after the lockdown, and to examine the nutrient density for the psychologically affected group. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 652 people from Mainland China, Taiwan, and Macao was conducted with the aid of a web-based questionnaire. Sociodemographic characteristics, related environmental factors, nutrient consumption, food recommendations, and psychological distress were all measured. 516 trustworthy data revealed that two nutrient-poor foods were consumed less frequently during the lockdown than they were before to the COVID-19 outbreak (i.e., salty snacks and alcoholic beverages). People who endured high levels of psychological distress in particular tended to consume more. Particularly, those who experienced high levels of psychological distress had a tendency to consume far more alcohol than people who only experienced low levels of stress. Comparing the time before the COVID-19 to the present, there has statistically been an increase in the frequency of family members recommending diets. According to research, by food advice, individuals who experience psychological distress should consume more nutrient-dense foods (78.7%) than nutrient-poor ones (61.9%). Thus, food advice plays a role in mediating the relationship between psychological distress and dietary decisions for nutrient-rich (b = 0.186, p < 0.001) or nutrient-poor (b = 0.187, p < 0.001) food groups. This study provides insights for lowering psychological distress through dietary consumption, where the exact mechanisms underlying these connections have not been thoroughly elucidated. It encourages nutrition research by recommending practical nutrition education from family and environmental activities. Chronic psychological anguish may have a crucial relationship to secure access to food and a balanced diet. Along with nutrition instruction, it is critical to develop skills in interventions such as food procurement and culinary knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary fiber is a kind of carbohydrate that cannot be digested and absorbed by the small intestine of humans but can be fermented in all or part of the large intestine and is significantly healthy for the human body. With the improvement in living standards, people pay more attention to their intestinal health, and the relationship between dietary fiber, intestinal microecological and body physiological balances, and their molecular connection mechanism has become a research hot spot. In this study, we reviewed its mediated bioavailability to provide a basis for the rational classification of dietary fiber and to guide the development of new healthy foods and the deep processing of food and its application.

This article discusses different forms of communication between two age and social groups. Nowadays, young people prefer spending their free time alone with computer and the Internet. To study the role of communication in the life of modern youth, the author conducted an experimental study among students of South-West State University and schoolchildren of the secondary school No. 3 in Kursk. The most popular forms of communication were identified: personal communication, telephone, social networks, What'sApp, Viber, Telegram and others. Among the reasons for the appeal of adolescents to one or another form of communication were identified: communication, study, work, curiosity, search and storage of information, and others.

Globally, food processing patterns are becoming more sophisticated and modernized for meeting abrupt increase in demand of allegen free food. The stance of availability of allergens free food is a rather hectic task to implement and consumers most probably become prone to them. Anaphylaxis is a serious health-related syndrome due to the adverse response of immune system. It aggravates by the consumption of foods that contain allergens by ultimately activating basophils and mast cells. There are more or less ten prominent foods that trigger anaphylaxis after the ingestion. Hence, avoiding allergen-containing food can limit the proliferation of anaphylaxis. In this article, the occurrence of allergic reactions with respect to sex disparities, most probable food allergens, diagnostic approaches and its management are discussed.

Globally, food processing patterns are becoming more sophisticated and modernized for meeting abrupt increase in demand of allegen free food. The stance of availability of allergens free food is a rather hectic task to implement and consumers most probably become prone to them. Anaphylaxis is a serious health-related syndrome due to the adverse response of immune system. It aggravates by the consumption of foods that contain allergens by ultimately activating basophils and mast cells. There are more or less ten prominent foods that trigger anaphylaxis after the ingestion. Hence, avoiding allergen-containing food can limit the proliferation of anaphylaxis. In this article, the occurrence of allergic reactions with respect to sex disparities, most probable food allergens, diagnostic approaches and its management are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The city-wide COVID-19 lockdown has resulted in psychological anguish, which may have an impact on dietary consumption. This study’s dual goals are to show how Chinese food consumption was altered before and after the lockdown, and to examine the nutrient density for the psychologically affected group. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 652 people from Mainland China, Taiwan, and Macao was conducted with the aid of a web-based questionnaire. Sociodemographic characteristics, related environmental factors, nutrient consumption, food recommendations, and psychological distress were all measured. 516 trustworthy data revealed that two nutrient-poor foods were consumed less frequently during the lockdown than they were before to the COVID-19 outbreak (i.e., salty snacks and alcoholic beverages). People who endured high levels of psychological distress in particular tended to consume more. Particularly, those who experienced high levels of psychological distress had a tendency to consume far more alcohol than people who only experienced low levels of stress. Comparing the time before the COVID-19 to the present, there has statistically been an increase in the frequency of family members recommending diets. According to research, by food advice, individuals who experience psychological distress should consume more nutrient-dense foods (78.7%) than nutrient-poor ones (61.9%). Thus, food advice plays a role in mediating the relationship between psychological distress and dietary decisions for nutrient-rich (b = 0.186, p < 0.001) or nutrient-poor (b = 0.187, p < 0.001) food groups. This study provides insights for lowering psychological distress through dietary consumption, where the exact mechanisms underlying these connections have not been thoroughly elucidated. It encourages nutrition research by recommending practical nutrition education from family and environmental activities. Chronic psychological anguish may have a crucial relationship to secure access to food and a balanced diet. Along with nutrition instruction, it is critical to develop skills in interventions such as food procurement and culinary knowledge.

The current study addressed the impact of computerized dynamic assessment (C-DA) on the TOEFL iBT listening comprehension test administered to Iranian EFL learners (n = 185) who took part in preparation courses on the TOEFL exam in some language centres in Iran. To mediate the test-takers with hints to process the listening questions, a computer software program was developed, and it was meant to produce the following: Actual, mediated, and learning potential scores. Findings of the study indicated that the actual and mediated scores led to significant different mean scores in various listening ability levels in almost all question types. Generally, results highlighted the significant positive impact of C-DA on improving EFL test-takers' performances in the monologue and dialogue tasks. Teachers were recommended to implement C-DA since the information gained from this sociocultural assessment mode empowers them to provide learners with more individualized and accordingly more effective teaching and assessment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) makes two quantum users transmit secret message directly without first producing a shared secret key. Semi-quantum secure direct communication is a particular case of QSDC when one of the two users is a classical user. How to develop a similar protocol if both users are classical? In this paper, we proposed a mediated semi-quantum secure direct communication protocol where both classical users can transmit secret message with the help of a fully quantum third party. Classical users can generate and measure qubits in the computational basis, so they must rely on the third party to prepare alternative bases and perform alternative measurements. The security analysis shows that the protocol can effectively prevent secret message from eavesdropping even if the third party is untrusted. Moreover, the analysis shows that TP's measurement operation can be associated with linear optical Bell measurements, where only two of the four Bell states would be measured. Finally, we perform an efficiency analysis that shows the protocol can reduce quantum resources at the expense of efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water plays a central role in chemistry and biology by mediating the interactionsbetween molecules, altering energy levels of solvated species, modifying potentialenergy profiles along reaction coordinates, and facilitating efficient proton transportthrough ion channels and interfaces. This study investigates proton transfer in amodel system comprising dry and microhydrated clusters of nucleobases. With massspectrometry and tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) synchrotron radiation, we showthat water shuts down ionization-induced proton transfer between nucleobases, whichis very efficient in dry clusters. Instead, a new pathway opens up in which protonatednucleobases are generated by proton transfer from the ionized water molecule andelimination of a hydroxyl radical. Electronic structure calculations reveal that theshape of the potential energy profile along the proton transfer coordinate dependsstrongly on the character of the molecular orbital from which the electron is removed,i.e., the proton transfer from water to nucleobases is barrierless when an ionized statelocalized on water is accessed. The computed energetics of proton transfer is inexcellent agreement with the experimental appearance energies. Possible adiabaticpassage on the ground electronic state of the ionized system, while energeticallyaccessible at lower energies, is not efficient. Thus, proton transfer is controlledelectronically, by the character of the ionized state, rather than statistically, bysimple energy considerations.

Within Theatre and Performance Studies, terms like “liveness” or “(co-)presence” are keywords that encapsulate entire debates within the discipline that have played out over time; negotiations of meaning enacted through academic, performative usage. I want to examine the medium of YouTube (2005+) and, more specifically, Shane Dawson’s YouTube video documentary, The Mind of Jake Paul (September 25, 2018–October 18, 2018). I assert that in attempting to psychoanalyze fellow YouTube star Jake Paul—and answer the (de facto) question, “Is Jake Paul a sociopath?” (perhaps a timely question in the age of Trump)—Dawson somewhat unwittingly gives us a meta-analysis of YouTube’s “authenticity” obsession, a subtle critique of performance-labor and a warning about the perils of engaging with a digital platform that demands the continuous production of novelty. YouTube presents a bit of a paradox: it is a medium that is profoundly mediated and performative, yet one where users desire (and often demand) the absolute authenticity of their social media icons.

Abstract: Steam reforming of simple oxygenated hydrocarbons without C−C bonds is suitable for small‐scale decentralized H2 production for fuel cells. However, the relatively high CO concentration in H2‐rich reformates produced by traditional Cu‐based catalysts will poison the Pt‐based anode in fuel cells. Here, we describe a new approach to the design of Cu−Ni bimetallic catalysts based on nickel‐phyllosilicate for steam reforming of dimethyl ether (DME). With the tunable formation of the Cu−Ni alloy, we can modulate the selectivity of CO and CH4 in steam reforming and achieve H2‐rich reformates with an ultra‐low concentration of CO (below 1000 ppm). This process only requires simple and low‐energy purification pretreatments to meet the requirements of commercial fuel cells. Mechanistic studies reveal that the Cu−Ni alloy can adsorb CO, particularly at high temperatures, and simultaneously suppress CO dissociation to methane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the present article we aim to illustrate the mediated character of inferences designated as being immediate. We analyze immediate inferences through equivalence, respectively deducted immediate inferences based on the oppositional hexagon relations. For both types of inferences, the illustration is made using both Aristotelian and composite sentences. The result of this approach indicates that, in the cases of both of the two types of immediate inferences being discussed, it comes as a mediated inference, namely a two-premise inference, following the hypothetic-categorical inference model and the disjunctive-categorical model from the logic of composite sentences. In conclusion, the most frequently used immediate inferences are built on three hypothetical dyadic relations and three disjunctive relationships, and the composite sentence (which expresses the relationship) is the absent, but tacitly assumed, premise. We refer to premise without which the conclusion could not be established. The absence of the premise that expresses the logical relation between the sentences involved in the inference ensures the immediate aspect of the approach. So, in reality, immediate inferences are incomplete, mediated approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectively assessing student creative work in the fields associated with mass media can be problematic. Communicating expectations to students, as well as providing them with a clear yet flexible rubric for evaluation of copywriting, newswriting, audio production, video production, and web-design, requires examination of the relevant student learning outcomes. This article explores the process of rubric design for digital portfolio evaluation, including the areas mentioned, with a goal of finding appropriate measures that will be effective for conveying the expectations for each area to students and providing precise evaluation and feedback for both grading and assessment purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors reflects on unintended harm caused by medications and the concept of toxicity beyond drug-induced adverse events. They discuss mediated toxicity in which harm occurs through intermediate behavior or reputational damage. Particular attention is given to how user characteristics and social context influence the performance of drugs.