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When nursing was introduced in China in the late nineteenth century, men and women had equal access to the occupation. By the mid-1930s, however, the ratio of female to male nurses in China was more than two to one. Feminization of nursing during the Republican era was caused by male nurses leaving in pursuit of better wages and animated by competing discourses surrounding the tropes of the Modern Girl and the New Woman. Hospitals facilitated the feminization of nursing by utilizing gender tropes to their advantage. They justified hiring women on the grounds that nurses' duties resembled women's domestic responsibilities. Hospitals objectified nursing staff's femininity to attract patients and highlighted nurses' image as modern women to imply their own modernity. Under criticism, female nurses asserted their authority over knowledge, gender roles, and merit to promote their professional image. Efforts by female nurses to professionalize their work played a key role in the ultimate success of the feminization of nursing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low engagement with HIV services persists among young men with harmful alcohol use in South Africa. We previously piloted a rural community-based HIV service delivery model to engage this key population. In the initial study, male nurses visited alcohol-serving venues to provide HIV testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) services. From November 1 to December 30, 2021, we conducted interviews with 17 of 34 male pilot participants to evaluate program barriers, facilitators, and suggestions. All interviewees were satisfied with HIV testing and PrEP services. Participants overcame testing avoidance through peer influence and enhanced privacy. Barriers for PrEP initiation were stigma (PrEP mistaken for HIV treatment) and complacency toward HIV, while facilitators included desire to mitigate alcohol-associated risks, social support, and comfort with male community nurses. Most participants self-reported good adherence due to daily routines, nurse follow-ups, and social support, with lapses due to travel and alcohol use. Post-pilot, only three participants transferred to clinics to continue PrEP due to inconvenient access, unwelcoming environment, and stigma of clinic attendance. All participants wanted to restart community-based PrEP due to convenience, preference for male nurses, and avoidance of stigma. A few participants reported privacy concerns regarding peer-pressure to disclose test results and pills or home visits being mistaken for HIV treatment. Future suggestions included school/church visits, unmarked vehicles, nurse assistance with facilitated PrEP disclosure, patient ambassadors, and injectable PrEP. Community-based PrEP services using male nurses at alcohol-serving venues can reach men who otherwise would not engage in HIV services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Methods Results Conclusion This study aimed to determine the ecological footprint awareness and ecological intelligence levels of nurses working in a hospital.This descriptive study was conducted with 290 nurses working in a hospital. The study data were collected using a descriptive questionnaire, “Ecological Intelligence Scale”, and “Ecological Footprint Awareness Scale”. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS v23. The conformity of the data to the normal distribution was examined using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Pearson Correlation analysis and Regression analysis were used to determine and explain the relationships between variables.The mean age of the nurses in the study was 34.30 ± 8.53 and 85.9% were female. A statistically significant relationship was found between nurses' membership in an environmental association or organization (β = 0.192; p = 0.001) and their reaction to individuals who pollute the environment (β = 0.208; p = 0.001) and ecological intelligence. In addition, a statistically significant relationship was found between nurses' gender (β = 0.121; p = 0.041) and their reaction to individuals who pollute the environment and ecological footprint awareness (β = 0.165; p = 0.006). As the age and professional seniority of nurses increases, their ecological footprint awareness also increases (p < 0.001).As the age and working years of nurses increase, their awareness of ecological footprint also increases. As nurses' ecological intelligence increases, their awareness of their ecological footprint also increases. Female nurses have higher ecological footprint awareness than male nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background/Introduction Methods Results Conclusion Midwives provide skilled, primary, reproductive, and sexual health care to women, adolescent girls, and infants throughout the perinatal period, promoting health and safeguarding against obstetric emergencies and maternal and infant mortality. In many cultures, midwifery has been a predominantly female profession. However, in emerging research, the proportion of male midwives is growing to augment shortages of female midwives, prompting a need for further research that explores the contributions of male midwives in maternal and child health. The objective of this scoping review was to synthesize key findings from the literature regarding the growing, global workforce of male midwives. Specifically, we aimed to evaluate (1) the temporal nature of the publications, (2) the geographic distributions of the emerging literature, and (3) the key findings regarding male midwives' training and work experiences.We used Semantic Scholar and Google Scholar to identify relevant, peer‐reviewed articles using the keywords “gender,” “male,” “men,” “midwifery,” and “nurse midwives,” that met the inclusion criteria: (1) primary research papers, (2) published in the English language (for ease of understanding by the multinational, interdisciplinary authorship team), (3) explored male midwives' experiences during training/education and working, and (4) published between 2000 and 2023. Papers were excluded if they exclusively focused on females or nurses or other health professionals.Our initial search yielded 57 articles, with an additional nine obtained by reviewing the references. After excluding duplicates and reviewing based on inclusion criteria, 26 papers were included in the scoping review. All 26 articles were published between 2011 and 2023, with the majority (65%, n = 17) of articles focused on populations in the African region (Aims 1 and 2). Key findings (Aim 3) were as follows: 1. Training experiences of male midwives: Compared to other regions, male midwifery students in African, Middle Eastern, and Asian settings reported challenging training conditions, possibly influenced by sociocultural factors and gendered expectations of men in these settings. 2. Pregnant/birthing persons' delivery experiences and gendered preferences for their attending midwife: A significant number of birthing persons would choose female midwives over male midwives for their care, despite acknowledging similar skill sets. However, younger clients, urban residents, and non‐traditional men expressed a need for gender equity and greater acceptance of men as midwifery professionals. 3. Professional work environment: Many of the male midwives faced professional challenges, often stemming from societal and professional prejudices, leading to feelings of alienation and marginalization within the midwifery profession. Despite these challenges, they remained dedicated to the profession and felt supported by their family, friends, and coworkers.Male midwives represent a growing proportion of the global obstetric workforce and provide an important contribution to addressing maternal morbidity and mortality. Further attention to providing equitable training opportunities, navigating caregiving within settings with strong cultural and religious influences, integrating cultural, geographic, and religious diversity into the midwifery curriculum, and providing male midwives with mentorship and role model support to grow and sustain their careers are urgently needed for improving maternal and infant health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The nursing profession has traditionally been dominated by females, with male nurses comprising a small minority. The labor and delivery unit is one area of nursing that is particularly associated with female care providers. Male nursing students face unique challenges and experiences while completing their clinical rotations in this setting. Understanding these challenges is vital to help support them during their clinical rotation. With the nursing shortage being a global concern, all students must be supported to achieve academic success, regardless of gender. Purpose: This study uses social role theory to explore the experiences of male nursing students during their clinical rotations in the L&D unit. Method: This study used a phenomenological qualitative approach to gather data through in‐depth interviews with male nursing students who had completed their labor and delivery unit clinical rotations. The data were thematically analyzed. Findings: The analysis identified five main themes: Culture, Exclusion from the Learning Experience, Different Expectations for Men in Labor and Delivery Units, Men are not Equipped to Deal with Emotions in Labor and Delivery Units, and (Mis)interpretation of Touch. Conclusion: This study explored the experiences of male nursing students during their clinical rotations in the labor and delivery unit. The findings will add to the body of knowledge on gender and nursing education and provide valuable insight into the experiences of male nursing students, which can be used to support and improve nursing education in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To reveal the features of Lithuanian male nurses' professional becoming. Methods: The participants were six men who had been working as nurses for over a year, and one man who had been formerly employed as a nurse for over a year. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed using inductive thematic analysis by Braun & Clarke. Results: 17 themes emerged after analysis: nursing not being the first choice, weird feelings of being in the minority during studies, having a vague initial idea of the work and a hard time starting the job; desire to help and interact with people, a tiring but fascinating variety of work, wide professional opportunities and love for the job; the challenges of high pace and workload, undervaluation and stereotypes, coping by standing up for oneself and separating work and life; the importance of a good team, gender being of little significance and joy that the number of men is increasing. Conclusion: These findings contribute to the growing knowledge of male nurses' experiences. The study sheds light on the challenges and rewards of being a male nurse in Lithuania, providing guidance for future research and highlighting the need to raise public awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate gender differences in the actual and expected income among psychiatric nurses in China. Background: Although studies have shown that male nurses earn more than female nurses in other countries, there are no published data regarding gender income differences among psychiatric nurses in China. Methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional study involving 41 representative psychiatric hospitals in China. Demographic, income, and job‐related data were analyzed using the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on the propensity score. Findings: The sample included 9256 psychiatric nurses, and nearly four‐fifths (79.3%) were female. Males earned slightly higher average monthly incomes than female nurses, while initial analysis showed no significant overall gender income difference (p > 0.05). Notably, most participants (92.5%) desired an income increase of at least 10%, with over half (56.2%) expressing significant dissatisfaction with their current income. After adjustment using propensity score combined with IPTW, females in the junior and mid‐level groups had significantly lower income than their male counterparts (all p < 0.01), despite having different night shift patterns. However, there were no significant gender differences in actual or expected income among senior‐level psychiatric nurses (p > 0.05). Conclusion: A majority of psychiatric nurses in China express dissatisfaction with their current incomes and expect higher incomes. Male nurses earned significantly more than female nurses in the junior and mid‐level professional groups, potentially due to their differences in night shifts. Implications for nursing policy and health policy: Policymakers and hospital administrators should optimize the income structures of nurses and develop targeted policies to address the gender income gap. Improving nurse income has the potential to enhance motivation and satisfaction within the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background and Objectives: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition worldwide. The limited effectiveness of current psychological and pharmacological treatments has motivated studies on meditation techniques. This study is a comprehensive, multiple-treatments meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of different categories of meditation in treating PTSD. Methods and Materials: We followed Prisma guidelines in our published protocol to search major databases and to conduct a meta-analysis of the studies. Results: We located 61 studies with 3440 subjects and divided them logically into four treatment groups: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR, 13 studies); Mindfulness-Based Other techniques (MBO, 16 studies), Transcendental Meditation (TM, 18 studies), and Other Meditations that were neither mindfulness nor TM (OM, 14 studies). Trauma populations included war veterans, war refugees, earthquake and tsunami victims, female survivors of interpersonal violence, clinical nurses, male and female prison inmates, and traumatized students. Of those offered, 86% were willing to try meditation. The baseline characteristics of subjects were similar across meditation categories: mean age = 52.2 years, range 29–75; sample size = 55.4, range 5–249; % males = 65.1%, range 0–100; and maximum study duration = 13.2 weeks, range 1–48. There were no significant differences between treatment categories on strength of research design nor evidence of publication bias. The pooled mean effect sizes in Hedges's g for the four categories were MBSR = −0.52, MBO = −0.66, OM = −0.63, and TM = −1.13. There were no appreciable differences in the study characteristics of research conducted on different meditations in terms of the types of study populations included, outcome measures, control conditions, gender, or length of time between the intervention and assessment of PTSD. TM's effect was significantly larger than for each of the other categories, which did not differ from each other. No study reported serious side effects. Conclusions: All categories of meditation studied were helpful in mitigating symptoms of PTSD. TM produced clinically significant reductions in PTSD in all trauma groups. We recommend a multisite Phase 3 clinical trial to test TM's efficacy compared with standard treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We examined the practice and variability of indwelling urinary catheter changes in male nursing home residents. Methods: Cross-sectional data from a nationwide survey conducted in a representative sample of German nursing homes in 2023 were analyzed. The professions conducting most transurethral/suprapubic catheter changes in men were identified, and proportions for whom respective catheters are changed in nursing homes were determined. Associations between these proportions and nursing home characteristics were investigated via multivariable logistic regressions. Results: Of 1,369 invited facilities, 330 (24.1%) participated. Urologists changed most catheters in 72.8% (transurethral catheters) and 88.3% (suprapubic catheters) of the facilities. The median proportion of men whose catheters were changed in nursing homes was 8.5% (transurethral catheters; interquartile range 0.6%–100.0%) and 1.0% (suprapubic catheters; interquartile range 0.0–100.0%). Facilities in which urologists changed most catheters were less likely to have a high proportion (≥90%) of in-home catheter changes compared to the reference group (odds ratio 0.44 [transurethral catheters; 95% confidence interval 0.24–0.82] and 0.30 [suprapubic catheters; 0.12–0.76]). Conclusion: The proportion of men whose catheters were changed in nursing homes varied considerably between facilities and was lower where urologists were involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In the contemporary healthcare environment, optimizing patient care strategies is of importance, particularly in neurosurgical environments. While traditional nursing methods have the foundation of patient care, there exists a growing recognition of the potential benefits of comprehensive nurse management. Despite this acknowledgment, there remains a gap in understanding the comparative effectiveness of comprehensive nurse management versus traditional approaches in reducing postoperative psychological stress, enhancing patient satisfaction, and promoting adherence in neurosurgical patients. OBJECTIVE: This study compares the efficacy of comprehensive nurse management against traditional methods in facilitating the postoperative recovery of neurosurgical patients. METHODS: Taking the traditional nursing management and detailed nursing management of neurosurgical patients in a municipal neurosurgical hospital from March 2021 to March 2022 as an example, the neurosurgery was divided into 50 patients in the detailed nursing management group and 50 patients in the traditional nursing management group. In the clear nursing management group, there were 50 patients, 20 male patients, with an average age of 58.7 ± 3.8 years, and 30 female patients, with an average age of 60.4 ± 4.3 years; In the traditional nursing management group, there were 50 patients, 26 male patients, with an average age of 59.7 ± 3.7 years, and 24 female patients, with an average age of 59.4 ± 3.9 years; Among the 100 patients, there were 60 cases of cerebral infarction, 25 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage and 15 cases of other neurosurgical diseases. RESULTS: Hundred neurosurgical patients were divided into two groups: comprehensive nursing management group and traditional nursing management group. The results showed that the comprehensive treatment effect of patients with detailed nursing management was better than that of the routine nursing group. At the same time, the complications were reduced, and the patient's satisfaction was higher. CONCLUSION: Through retrospective analysis and investigation of patients, this paper discusses the clinical application of a detailed nursing management model in neurosurgery, which can reduce the probability of infection and other complications and improve the quality of life and treatment effect of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the increasing incidence of violence against women (VAW), emergency department (ED) nurses should be trained to respond appropriately to victims of VAW (VVAW). However, the psychological preparedness of nurses caring for VVAW and its relationship to nurse gender remains unclear in Japan. Methods: A nationwide self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 430 randomly selected certified emergency nurses. The questionnaire was a Japanese translation of the evaluation tools from the World Health Organization (WHO) curriculum "Caring for women subjected to violence: a WHO curriculum for training healthcare providers." Results: The final sample included 104 participants, and the effective response rate was 24.2%. More than 60% of nurses had experience in caring for VVAW; however, only 10% had received training concerning VAW. The mean number of VVAW cared for by these nurses was 6.2 (standard deviation, 6.1) with no significant difference in nurse gender (P=0.52, effect size [ES]=0.09). Male nurses had a higher mean score of psychological preparedness than female nurses (22.6 vs. 20.4; P=0.03, ES=0.22); moreover, female nurses scored lower than male nurses on all items of the psychological preparedness evaluation. Less than half of the participants reported having institutional support systems. Conclusions: Establishing an education program for all emergency nurses, providing support to ensure the psychological preparedness of female emergency nurses, and ensuring improvement of facilities nationwide are essential for enhancing nursing care for VVAW in Japanese EDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Background: The use of nursing evidence-based practice (EBP) has grown more and more important for healthcare professionals globally in their goal of delivering high-quality patient care. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess barriers to implementing EBP among Palestinian nurses at the Palestinian Medical Complex (PMC). Methods: The study was carried out at the PMC over the course of a month and employed a cross-sectional descriptive approach. Data were gathered from 100 nurses who satisfied the inclusion criteria by using convenient sampling. Barriers to the application of EBP were measured by the BARRIER Scale. Results: Participants identified key barriers such as inadequate time (62%, M ± SD: 3.34 ± 1.066) and lack of assistance (30%, M ± SD: 3.15 ± 1.029). Concerns included literature dispersion (45%, M ± SD: 3.23 ± 0.973), inadequate facilities (53%, M ± SD: 3.70 ± 1.010), and methodological issues (52%, M ± SD: 3.16 ± 1.012). In addition, 57% felt that research is published too slowly (M ± SD: 3.39 ± 0.898), 33% noted unjustified conclusions (M ± SD: 3.01 ± 0.882), and 35% highlighted a lack of replication (M ± SD: 3.07 ± 0.879). Conclusion: This study found that head nurses and men perceived more significant barriers to research quality, while individuals with baccalaureate degrees reported fewer barriers. There was an association between perceived barriers and age and work experience, indicating age as a positive predictor of barriers related to research quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gender disparity has long been noted in nursing, a predominantly female-dominated profession. However, recently the increase in the number of male nurses disproves the existing belief that nursing is exclusively a female profession. Even though the studies have reported changing gender trends in nursing, the information is not sufficient and the effects of the changing trend on professional practice and professional development have not been explored. Therefore this study aims to assess the influence of gender in nursing on professional practice and development in Tanzania. Methods: This was an analytical Hospital-Based Cross-sectional Study Design, conducted at four hospitals in Dar es Salaam, with 580 nurses between 20th May and 20th June 2024. Proportionate sampling was used to determine the required number of participants from each of the four facilities. Moreover, systematic random sampling was used to recruit participants from each facility. The validated questionnaire was used to obtain data, which were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Among seventy items that measured professional practices, sixty three items indicated good professional practices among female nurses compared with their male counterparts male. On the association of gender in nursing to professional practice and development, the findings revealed no significant association between gender in nursing and professional practice (χ2 = 1.384; P = 0.239). Moreover, the item analysis revealed that male nurses have professional development in three items similar to female nurse who had shown professional development on other three items. Through binary logistic regression, male nurses were 0.528 (OR) times less likely to have good professional development than their female counterpart (P < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.379, 0.737). Several social demographic factors were found to be associated with professional practice and development. Conclusion: It was found that professional practice does not depend on gender in nursing, because the practice was optimal across both genders. Nurse's self-image of nursing, facility factors, and professional development influence their professional practice. Moreover, gender in nursing is associated with professional development, indicating the existence of gender stereotypes in the distribution of opportunities between male and female nurses. The study recommends extending this cross-sectional study to nonclinical settings such as training institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Pressure ulcers are one of the most common hospital-acquired major conditions that occur in patients with mobility limitations and result in endangering patient safety, prolonging hospital stay, disability, and death. This study aims to examine the level of nurses' practices and perceived barriers for preventing pressure ulcers among critically ill patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among nurses working in critical care units (CCUs) at a tertiary teaching hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, between January 2024 and June 2024. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was carried out involving 100 nurses with at least 6 months of experience in critical care units. The data were collected using a structured interviewing questionnaire to assess nurses' sociodemographic characteristics and an observational checklist to assess nurses' practice regarding pressure ulcer prevention. The questionnaire also assessed nurses' perceived barriers for pressure ulcer prevention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, applying descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Chi-square test, with a significance level set at P < 0.05. Results: This study found that 54% of nurses were males with a mean age of 28.21 within years, ranging from 18 to 54 years. Most nurses held bachelor's degree in nursing (65%), 43% of them had <5 years of experience working in CCUs, and 45% and there was moderately of them had 1–5 years of experience in the nursing profession. Fifty-six percent of nurses were single and the same percentage received training about pressure ulcer preventions. Nurses in the critical care units were found to have a satisfactory level of practices withing (61%) of them and have moderately high levels (M±SD: 0.66 ± 0.45) of perceived barriers towards pressure ulcer prevention. A significant relationship was found between nurses' practices and their perceived barriers for preventing pressure ulcers (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study concluded that approximately two-thirds of nurses have adequate level of nursing practice to prevent pressure ulcer. Furthermore, the study identified several barriers perceived to affect patients' quality of care and prevention of pressure ulcers. Hence, this study suggests that the barriers for promoting nursing practice toward the prevention of pressure ulcers need to be contained and guaranteed in CCUs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nursing has improved over the centuries from the physician's handmaiden to a recognised profession. Yet, the image of a nurse is often associated with notions of caring and nurturing‐ attributes considered feminine. Indeed, cultural, and societal biases exist that can deter men from entering the nursing profession where their sense of masculinity is questioned. Several studies have highlighted the existence of gender‐based stereotypes, stigma, rejection, loneliness and discrimination which impact the retention of men in the nursing profession. Despite the established evidence regarding negative experiences, it appears limited attention has been paid to the men who decide to stay in nursing: how do they thrive in a profession wherein biases are evident within and in the wider societal context? Undoubtedly, several factors such as job security and financial incentives may contribute to men remaining in nursing. Beyond these, we borrow the notion of 'constructive resistance' to underscore that though the biases may be apparent, male nurses are able to construct alternatives that accommodate the image of a man in the nursing profession. Strategies such as developing the image as a 'super nurse' can create opportunities for male nurses to be preferred by other healthcare providers as well as female nurses. Thus, although resistance may usually appear as a negative phenomenon, constructive resistance represents hidden advantages which offers an opportunity to retain male nurses. These need to be highlighted and explored more as they can offer deeper insight into strategies that can be employed to improve retention and representation of men in nursing particularly at a time when the impact of nursing shortage remains a global issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to determine knowledge and attitudes of self-identified male nursing students who are in a risky age group regarding testicular cancer and testicular self-examination. Method: In this cross-sectional survey, the data was collected on 208 Turkish students between the ages of 18–22 years. The data was collected by using the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale for Testicular Cancer Screenings and the Personal Information Form. Results: The mean age of the participants in this survey conducted in the 2018–2019 academic Spring semester was 21.46 ± 2.031. The mean scores for the subscales were as follows: for perceived susceptibility 11.49 ± 4.70 (min = 5, max = 25), for seriousness 21.04 ± 6.11 (min = 7, max = 35), for self-examination benefits 10.88 ± 3.05 (min = 3, max = 15), for self-examination barriers 11.49 ± 3.75 (min = 5, max = 25) and for self-efficacy subscale 18.12 ± 5.52 (min = 6, max = 30). Also it was determined that 68.6% of the students do not know how to perform self-examination. Students' sensitivity to testicular cancer and related screenings increased with their level of knowledge. Conclusion: The results will explain how students' health beliefs were affected by their individual knowledge level. Nursing students should be exposed to information on testicular self-examination. Therefore, some suggestions are presented according to the health belief model to increase awareness of individuals, especially in the risky group, and improve people's health behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Public health emergencies, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, put great pressure on healthcare workers (HCW) across the world, possibly increasing the risk of experiencing ethically challenging situations (ECS). Whereas experiencing ECS as a HCW in such situations is likely unavoidable, mitigation of their adverse effects (e.g., moral distress) is necessary to reduce the risk of long-term negative consequences. One possible route of mitigation of these effects is via work environmental factors. Objectives: The current study aimed to examine: [1] risk factors associated with ECS among HCW [2], intensity of moral distress associated with ECS across various occupational factors (i.e., profession, degree of exposure to patients with Covid-19), and [3] the impact of work environmental factors on this association, in a sample of HCW during the pandemic. Methods: We employed multiple logistic and linear regression to self-report data from 977 HCWs at four Norwegian hospitals responding to a survey at the fourth wave of the pandemic. Results: About half of HCW in this study had experienced ECS during the pandemic, and levels of moral distress associated with such were higher than in previous studies using similar assessment methods. Younger age, female sex, geographical work area (mid-north of Norway), and profession (nurse) were all associated with higher odds (range of OR: 1.30–2.59) of experiencing ECS, as were direct contact with patients with Covid-19. Among those participants who reported that they had experienced ECS during the pandemic, moral distress levels when recalling those situations were moderate (Mean 5.7 on a 0–10 scale). Men reported somewhat lower intensity of moral distress (partial eta squared; ηp2 = 0.02). Reporting a manageable workload (ηp2 = 0.02), and greater opportunity to work according to best practice (ηp2 = 0.02), were associated with lower levels of moral distress. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that moral distress could potentially be mitigated on an organizational level, particularly by focusing on ensuring a manageable workload, and an ability to work according to best practice. To build sustainable healthcare systems robust enough to withstand future public health emergencies, healthcare organizations should implement measures to facilitate these aspects of HCWs' work environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe nursing shortage in the US and all over the world continues to skyrocket. An untapped channel of recruitment that some are considering is men in the nursing profession. Currently a large disparity exists in the representation of men in nursing causing issues with quality of care, diversity, and staffing. Research suggests that nursing recruitment should occur before licensure in order to better address gender stereotypes and prejudice. Early exposure is revealed as a defining factor in enticing men into the profession. Further research reveals that issues related to nurse educator staffing must first be considered to include more men into the profession. Without nurse educators, schools are unable to increase class sizes and admit more men into programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aims Design Methods Results Conclusion Reporting Method Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care Impact To assess the knowledge of nurses in Chinese hospitals regarding skin tears, focusing on evaluating their understanding and proficiency in managing and preventing skin tears, exploring the impact of demographic and professional factors on their knowledge levels and identifying specific areas where additional training or education is needed.This study is a multicentre cross‐sectional survey conducted in the Henan province of China using a stratified cluster sampling method.The study utilised the Chinese version of the Skin Tear Knowledge Assessment Instrument (OASES) for evaluating nurses' knowledge levels based on a questionnaire comprising 22 questions on the online platform Wenjuanxing (www.wjx.cn). All questions had to be answered, with only one option selectable per question. Response validity was ensured by excluding questionnaires that showed a clear response pattern, were completed in under 60 s, or scored 0 points. Descriptive analysis, item‐level analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed.A total of 1675 clinical nurses participated in this study. Age was a significant factor influencing skin tear knowledge, with older nurses (age, 41–60 vs. 18–40 years) demonstrating higher knowledge scores. Additionally, female nurses exhibited higher average knowledge scores compared to male nurses. Further, different departments, education levels, job titles and having completed relevant courses significantly influenced skin tear knowledge among nurses. However, on multivariate analyses, we found that working in the intensive care unit, having a higher education background and job title and having studied courses on wound, ostomy or incontinence were independent factors influencing knowledge on skin tear, indicating the need for targeted educational interventions.In conclusion, targeted educational interventions and continuous professional development are essential to bridge the identified knowledge gaps among nurses in Chinese hospitals regarding skin tear management.The Strengthening the Report of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist guidelines were followed.Enhancing nurses' knowledge and skills in skin tear management through targeted educational programmes could improve patient care quality, reduce the incidence of skin tears and promote better wound care outcomes in clinical settings.This study addresses the problem of knowledge gaps in skin tear management among nurses. The main findings indicate varied understanding and significant factors influencing this knowledge. The research impacts nurses and patients in Chinese hospitals, emphasising the need for specialised training and professional development to improve skin tear management and patient care. No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite Iceland's reputation as a gender equal country, men make up about 4% of nurses which is low in comparison with similar countries. To shed light on what determines the choice of nursing and on cooperation at work, interviews with ten female and seven male nurses were analysed with reflexive thematic analysis. Drawing on poststructuralist and feminist theories, focusing on power relations and gender in the workplace, the analysis revealed stereotypical gender differences. Choosing nursing was for the female nurses a “natural” channel for their talents, the males were conscious of crossing a line and prepared for stereotyping obstacles. A powerful hierarchy characterized daily work, female nurses described suppressing working situations and lack of support, males ranked themselves higher in respect and opportunities, prioritized their professional boundaries, self-care, and nursing competence, free of gender labels. This difference is an important and self-sustaining part of nurses’ image as powerless, deters young people from nursing education and leads to distance between genders in the workplace. The findings highlight the need to recognize and tackle stereotyping, which maintains inequality, prioritizing diversity instead is a task for educational and health systems, and the debate on gender equality in Iceland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This review aims to synthesise the best available evidence exploring the lived experiences of males in the nursing profession on gender discrimination encounters. Background: The underrepresentation of males within the nursing profession could potentially cause discrimination and stereotypes against them, causing barriers to entry into, and retention within, the profession. With a shortage in manpower, the deterrence of males to nursing might exacerbate the existing manpower shortage. This review consolidates and highlights the lived experiences of males in the profession. Methods: The review was synthesised according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Employing the meta‐synthesis approach, two independent reviewers conducted critical appraisal and data extraction of included studies, using the standard Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Instrument for Qualitative Research and a standardised data extraction form, respectively. Results: Twenty‐three studies were included. Extracted findings were aggregated into 14 categories and synthesised into three themes: stereotypes, discrimination and challenges faced by males. Discussion: The synthesised findings showed that male nurses faced gender discrimination in multiple facets. These caused them to have difficulty in carrying out their nursing duties, missing out of clinical opportunities and causing them multiple social and mental stressors. Conclusion: This review informed the discriminatory experiences faced by males within the nursing profession. With males already underrepresented within this profession, it is imperative for interventions, policies and research to be made to address this issue to improve experiences of male nurses, thereby limiting the deterrence of males into the profession. Implications: Findings of this study showed that males are being stereotyped and discriminated, resulting in challenges faced solely because of their gender. Effective interventions and policies could be implemented to alleviate the negative experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare justice sensitivity between self-perceived beneficiaries, victims, and observers in a sample of 90 healthcare workers (nurses and physiotherapists) at the Varaždinske Toplice Special Medical Rehabilitation Hospital, Croatia. For this purpose we used a questionnaire consisting of demographic data and the Croatian version of the justice sensitivity inventory developed by Schmitt. Regardless of its limitations, our study clearly shows that healthcare professionals at Varaždinske Toplice are most sensitive to injustice from the beneficiary's perspective, that is, as persons who personally benefitted from injustice, although they may not have been instrumental to this effect. They are less sensitive to injustice perceived on the outside (observer's perspective) or to injustice suffered by themselves (victim's perspective). Another important finding is that participants of female gender, rural residence, and nurses (who are all women) are significantly more sensitive to injustice, whereas age and marital status do not seem to contribute to justice sensitivity. Future research should investigate the perception of injustice over a longer timeframe and involve all healthcare workers. It could also address different approaches to management, especially in terms of worker rewards and career advancement. Qualitative research among healthcare workers could provide a broader and clearer idea of social injustice at their workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Men believe they are perceived as unfit for nursing. No scales exist to measure perceptions of men's fitness for nursing. Additionally, women have been largely excluded from this area of inquiry. This study's purpose was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Fitness in Nursing Scale for Men. Methods: Six hundred thirty-five nurses participated. Scale development entailed concept clarification, item development, and scale testing. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis suggested a two-factor structure (F1: nursing fitness and F2: strengths of men in nursing) which demonstrated good model fit, root mean square error of approximation = 0.059, 90% CI (0.056, 0.063), standardized root mean square residual = 0.055, comparative fit index = 0.932, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.927, and ωt = 0.98. Invariance held. Latent means were not significantly different for women (M = 5.90) compared with men (M = 5.92). Conclusions: Findings suggest men are perceived as fit for nursing, but results are inconsistent with men's qualitative experiences. Future research should attempt to reconcile the disagreement. Findings can inform cultural awareness strategies in the workplace and classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study was done as for the purpose of manifesting the problems experienced by nursing students. Material and Methods: This study was planned as a phenomenological type of qualitative research. Thirty-five students volunteered to participate in this research. The students were divided into five groups, seven students per group, and focus group interviews were conducted for each group. Results: The average age of the students was 21.08 ± 0.61 years, 68.6% of the students were women, and 31.4% were men. Five themes were formed regarding the difficulties experienced by the students in the content analysis: inability to give active care because of the language barrier, displaying a sympathetic approach because of feeling mercy and thinking that she/he cannot give adequate care, fear of contagious diseases, and the inability to apply enough practice/learn in the clinical environment as a male nurse because of the perception of privacy. Conclusion: It was determined that student nurses experienced problems during the maintenance of refugee women in particular the problem of language-related communication, women's expectations of respect for privacy, concerns about the risk of communicable disease. It may be recommended to add intercultural nursing to the academic program, increase course content on patient-nurse communication, and increase students' knowledge of asepsis/antisepsis due to infection concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Occupational stress can affect specialty nurses' quality of work, especially for those working in care units. This study, therefore, investigated role stress and its related factors among specialty nurses working in tertiary general hospitals. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study used convenience sampling to recruit 795 Chinese specialty nurses in 11 tertiary general hospitals (from February to March 2023). A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Basic Information Questionnaire and the Role Stress Scale. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed on the survey data to explore the factors affecting role stress. Results: The total role stress score of specialty nurses in tertiary general hospitals was 52.05 ± 19.98. The highest mean item score was quantitative overload, followed by qualitative overload, role conflict, and role ambiguity, which had the lowest score. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that gender (β = -0.085, p < 0.05), educational background (β = 0.077, p < 0.05), and work experience (β = -0.104, p < 0.05) were the main factors influencing role stress among specialty nurses. Conclusions: Specialty nurses in tertiary general hospitals had higher levels of role stress than general nurses. Their role stress was primarily reflected in role overload, followed by role conflict and ambiguity. The factors affecting specialty nurses' role stress included gender, work experience, and educational background. Nursing managers should monitor the role stress experienced by specialty nurses in tertiary general hospitals. Providing psychological support for male specialty nurses, performance rewards and learning opportunities for highly educated specialty nurses, and continuous training for inexperienced specialty nurses are essential measures to relieve role stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Design Methods Results Conclusion Implications for the Profession To identify the current presence of stereotypes about the nursing profession in Italy and to understand how gendered processes and modalities are regulated and expressed in the physician‐nurse dyad, and the implications for professional identity and autonomy.Qualitative multimethod design.Forty‐five interviews were conducted with nurses and physicians. The collected qualitative data underwent automatic textual data analysis using a multidimensional exploratory approach and a gender framework analysis.In Italy, nurses' roles are still associated with gender stereotypes stemming from the predominant male culture, which affects sexual and gender identity, the division of labor, and access to career paths. This leads to disadvantages in the nursing profession, which is heavily dominated by women.Biological differences between sexes generate an unconscious yet shared symbolic gender order composed of negative stereotypes that influence nurses' professional roles and activities. They follow behaviors that enter the work routine and institutionalize organizational processes. These effects are also seen in the asymmetric, limited, and reciprocal interprofessional relationships between male physicians and female nurses, where the former hinders the latter's professional autonomy and access to top positions.This survey raises awareness of gender issues and stimulates reflection. It also enables health and nursing organizations to take action to raise gender awareness and education by countering the image of a non‐autonomous profession. The analysis of gender processes allows us to identify interventions that can counteract forms of oppression in the work environment that lead to the emergence of nursing as a non‐autonomous profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores gender-specific aspects of nurses' valued domains of living, examining differences in importance and consistency between male and female nurses in Jordanian hospitals. A cross-sectional study recruited 206 nurses (103 females, 103 males) from two major hospitals in Jordan. Data were collected using a demographics questionnaire and the Valued Living Questionnaire (VLQ), assessing 10 domains of living. The mean age of the sample was 35.4, ranging between 27 and 59 years old. The highest rank order valued domain of living for females was family, with 88.3% of females considering it a very important living domain. Parenting was the highest-ranked domain of living for males, with 76.7% reporting it as a very important domain of living. Significant gender differences were found in valued domains' rank order, importance, and consistency. Female nurses prioritized work, education/training, spirituality, and citizenship/community more than males, while males prioritized marriage/couples/intimate relations. Females consistently aligned actions with values related to work, education/training, spirituality, and citizenship/community. Parenting emerged as a problematic valued domain, particularly for females. Understanding gender differences in nurses' valued domains is essential for creating equitable and supportive work environments. Tailored interventions should address gender-specific needs and challenges, promoting workplace satisfaction and improving patient outcomes. Future research should explore factors contributing to gender differences and evaluate interventions promoting gender equity and diversity in nursing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pursuit of mental and physical health, effective pain management stands as a cornerstone. Here, we examine a potential sex bias in pain management. Leveraging insights from psychological research showing that females' pain is stereotypically judged as less intense than males' pain, we hypothesize that there may be tangible differences in pain management decisions based on patients' sex. Our investigation spans emergency department (ED) datasets from two countries, including discharge notes of patients arriving with pain complaints (N = 21,851). Across these datasets, a consistent sex disparity emerges. Female patients are less likely to be prescribed pain-relief medications compared to males, and this disparity persists even after adjusting for patients' reported pain scores and numerous patient, physician, and ED variables. This disparity extends across medical practitioners, with both male and female physicians prescribing less pain-relief medications to females than to males. Additional analyses reveal that female patients' pain scores are 10% less likely to be recorded by nurses, and female patients spend an additional 30 min in the ED compared to male patients. A controlled experiment employing clinical vignettes reinforces our hypothesis, showing that nurses (N = 109) judge pain of female patients to be less intense than that of males. We argue that the findings reflect an undertreatment of female patients' pain. We discuss the troubling societal and medical implications of females' pain being overlooked and call for policy interventions to ensure equal pain treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of male nurses towards human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccination and to examine whether knowledge about the HPV vaccine affects attitudes and beliefs about HPV vaccines. Background: HPV is responsible for ≈5% of all cancers worldwide. Therefore, vaccination against HPV is recommended to prevent HPV infections and HPV‐related cancers in men and women. Methods: The study group included 383 male nurses who were asked to complete online questionnaires. The data were collected using the following tools: a sociodeomographical characteristics form, the Human Papillomavirus Knowledge Scale (HPVKS), and The Carolina HPV Immunization Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (CHIAS). Results: It was determined that the general HPV knowledge of the male nurses participating in the study was at a moderate level, but their knowledge of HPV screening test, HPV vaccination, and current HPV vaccination programmes were at a low level. Male nurses' HPV vaccination rates were relatively low, and most of them did not intend to be vaccinated. In addition, CHIAS Attitudes and Beliefs scores of the male nurses were at an average level and HPV knowledge affected the attitudes and beliefs of the nurses. Conclusion: These results demonstrate an opportunity to improve information and awareness about HPV and vaccines by nursing education. Summary statement: What is already known about the topic? Although HPV vaccination is recommended to prevent HPV infections and HPV‐related cancers in men and women, vaccination rates are far behind the target, especially for men. What this paper adds? Findings showed that male nurses' HPV vaccination rates were relatively low.Male nurses' knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccine was not sufficient.HPV knowledge affected the attitudes and beliefs of these male nurses. The implications of this paper: Nurses need to be aware of the HPV vaccine during their undergraduate education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: COVID-19 has created mental health challenges for nurses. However, it is unknown if there is a gendered influence on nurses' experiences during the pandemic. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of male nurses during COVID-19, including their mental health and experiences of providing emotional support. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews using Zoom with nine male nurses and analysed the interviews using thematic analysis. Findings: Male nurses experienced negative mental health outcomes from the pandemic, but participants attributed these outcomes to the context. Male nurses provided emotional support for patients, students, families and other staff and did not describe emotional support as a difficult part of their work. Participants identified their role as a 'breadwinner' of being part of their concern during COVID-19. Participants used a variety of approaches to manage the stressors from the pandemic and cautioned against alcohol as a coping strategy. Discussion and Conclusions: Participants provided emotional support routinely as part of their work and went to great lengths to do so. This finding differs from most published literature that suggests male nurses struggle with emotional and interpersonal aspects of nursing. Male nurses require emotional support and employers can note that need for support may present differently by gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Discussion Implications for the Profession The uptake of the health assessment for persons aged 75 years and older (75 + HA) remains low. Repeat assessments provide an opportunity to identify areas of change in cognitive function which may mark the onset of dementia. We aimed to explore general practitioner (GP) and practice nurse experiences of implementing the 75 + HA with a focus on clinical considerations for dementia care.An interpretative qualitative study involving interviews with 15 GPs (female = 11, male = 4) and 5 practice nurses (all female). Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach.The majority of GPs (n = 11) worked in metropolitan settings and four GPs worked in regional settings across NSW. All participants worked in separate clinics, except for two GPs and one practice nurse who worked within the same metropolitan clinic. Distinct themes emerged regarding participants experiences of implementing the 75 + HA for patients with dementia: (1) negotiating aged care is complex and facilitated by a comprehensive assessment; (2) implementing work practices that support the 75 + HA in patients with cognitive decline; and (3) variations in follow up of findings and implications for care.The 75 + HA provides an opportunity for monitoring and acting on emergent physical and cognitive health changes. Increased engagement and support towards implementing the 75 + HA, particularly in the context of dementia, may facilitate the instigation of interventions. While some participants in this study were confident with identifying and managing cognitive decline, the majority relied on geriatricians to confirm dementia diagnosis and refer to community support services. We suggest the need for greater initiatives and clinical guidelines to assist GPs in the identification and management of cognitive decline.From a nursing perspective, this study highlights the valuable role of nurses towards assessment and management of issues raised in the health assessment for persons aged 75 years and older. However, more resources are needed to enable nurse time for adequate follow‐up care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Background Methods Results Conclusion Implications for nursing practice and policy To investigate the influence of cognitive fusion on stress among nurses, with a focus on exploring gender as a moderator among Jordanian nurses controlling for depressive symptoms.Stress is a significant concern among healthcare workers, particularly nurses, given the escalating work demands and organizational constraints.Data were collected from 206 nurses using a cross‐sectional design. Participants completed surveys that included measures for cognitive fusion, stress, and depressive symptoms. Statistical analysis included bivariate correlations, independent sample t‐tests, and moderation analysis using Hayes PROCESS. The results were reported using The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.The findings revealed a moderate correlation among stress, cognitive fusion, and depressive symptoms. The regression model explained 42% of the variance in stress, with significant contributions from cognitive fusion, gender, depressive symptoms, and the interaction between cognitive fusion and gender. Gender moderated the relationship between cognitive fusion and stress, indicating differential effects for males and females.This study underscores the importance of cognitive fusion in understanding and managing stress among nurses. The moderating effect of gender highlights the need for tailored interventions. Reducing stress among nurses may benefit their mental health and potentially enhance patient care and treatment outcomes.The study highlights crucial implications for nursing policy. Addressing cognitive fusion is vital to reducing nurse stress, directly impacting patient care quality and healthcare outcomes. Policymakers should prioritize gender‐aware strategies within nursing policies, fostering a less stressful and more supportive work environment. By doing so, healthcare institutions can enhance the well‐being of nurses and ultimately improve patient care, aligning with broader healthcare policy objectives of patient safety and quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Design Methods Results Conclusion Implications for the Profession Impact Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution To investigate the effects of psychological contract breach and psychological safety on health and well‐being outcomes among nurses.A cross‐sectional study.Data were gathered from members of the Finnish social and healthcare workers' trade union (n = 4575) in February 2023. This study focused on data from 3260 nurses. Structural equation modelling was employed to firstly explain burnout and work engagement and subsequently health and well‐being outcomes in relation to perceived psychological contract breach and psychological safety.Younger male nurses, those with lower‐level university degrees, and nurses employed in public hospitals reported experiencing more psychological contract breaches. Conversely, older nurses and those working in private organizations perceived a higher level of psychological safety. Psychological contract breaches were associated with increased burnout and reduced work engagement, while psychological safety contributed to lower burnout and higher work engagement. Moreover, burnout was linked to health problems and diminished mental well‐being, whereas increased work engagement led to fewer health problems and improved mental well‐being. The final model demonstrated excellent fit.Breaches in the psychological contract, followed by distrust, and anger significantly burden nurses, detrimentally affecting their well‐being at work. Psychologically safe working environments, consequently, improve nurses' well‐being at work and should be promoted within work teams.Nursing managers could receive training to understand the consequences of, and practices for supporting, a beneficial psychological work climate.The study examined psychological burden and resource factors at work, finding that psychological contract breaches increased burden and led to negative well‐being outcomes. In contrast, psychological safety emerged as a positive resource for health and well‐being. These results offer benefits for nurses, managers and organizations.The study was reported following the Strengthening of the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology guidelines.No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article critically examines the corporate rhetoric of Johnson & Johnson and its impact on nurse identity during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors argue that while Johnson & Johnson claims to empower nurses, its messaging actually reinforces a neoliberal approach to healthcare and promotes a marketized version of nursing care. The article analyzes a specific Johnson & Johnson video that presents nurses as innovators and explores the underlying ideologies and motivations behind the company's messaging. It highlights the need for critical analysis of corporate health rhetoric and its influence on healthcare professions. The article also discusses efforts to challenge stereotypes and negative cultural views of nursing, and introduces a six-point heuristic to analyze corporate rhetoric and its influence on individuals and professions. The analysis focuses on Johnson & Johnson's video promoting a grant competition, highlighting themes of nurses as innovators and technologies as care. The video presents a vision of nursing that aligns with the company's goals and reinforces patriarchal notions of care. However, it fails to acknowledge the challenges faced by nurses during the pandemic and portrays racial dynamics in healthcare in a problematic manner. The video also simplifies nursing care and positions Johnson & Johnson as an empowerer of nurses. The article argues that corporate intervention in healthcare professions should be challenged to protect public healthcare. The sources mentioned in the article discuss various topics related to gender, technology, healthcare reform, and health activism, providing valuable insights for library patrons conducting research in these areas. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Caring is a multidimensional concept with many factors that can affect its quality such as caring for the opposite sex. This study aims to explore the experiences of Iranian female nurses caring for male patients. Materials and Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted via conventional content analysis and purposeful sampling. Seventeen female nurses including staff and head nurses participated. Unstructured, face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted from June to December 2019 in Iran. The interviews were recorded by an MP4 player. When no new codes were extracted from the interview the data saturation was achieved. All interviews were immediately transcribed verbatim and were analyzed via Graneheim and Lundman's conventional content analysis guidelines. Results: Four themes emerged from the data: 1) women nurses' concerns about caring for men, 2) women nurses' unpleasant feelings while caring for men, 3) Ignoring women nurses' dignity, and 4) efforts to avoid unpleasant situations. Conclusions: Female nurses in Iran are faced with multidimensional challenges when providing care to men. Not only can these challenges decrease the quality of nursing care for male patients, but also make the hospital a stressful environment for female nurses and may lead to them leaving the work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is little HIV counselling that directly meets the needs of men in Eastern and Southern Africa, limiting men's knowledge about the benefits of HIV treatment and how to overcome barriers to engagement, contributing to poorer HIV‐related outcomes than women. Male‐specific approaches are needed to improve men's outcomes but may be difficult for healthcare workers (HCWs) to implement with fidelity and quality in low‐resource settings. We developed a male‐specific counselling curriculum which was implemented by male HCWs and then conducted a mixed‐methods quality assessment. Methods: We audio‐recorded counselling sessions to assess the quality of implementation (n = 50) by male HCWs from two cadres (nurse, n = 10 and lay cadre, n = 10) and conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) with HCWs at 6 and 9 months after rollout to understand barriers and facilitators to implementation. Counselling sessions and FGDs were translated, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis adapted from WHO Quality Counselling Guidelines. We assessed if sessions were respectful, informative, interactive, motivating and included tailored action plans for overcoming barriers to care. All data were collected September 2021−June 2022. Results: All sessions used respectful, non‐judgemental language. Sessions were highly interactive with most HCWs frequently asking open‐ended questions (n = 46, 92%) and often incorporating motivational explanations of how antiretroviral therapy contributes to life goals (n = 42, 84%). Few sessions included individually tailored action plans for clients to overcome barriers to care (n = 9, 18%). New counselling themes were well covered; however, occasionally themes of self‐compassion and safe sex were not covered during sessions (n = 16 and n = 11). HCWs believed that having male HCWs conduct counselling, ongoing professional development and keeping detailed counselling notes facilitated quality implementation. Perceived barriers included curriculum length and client hesitancy to participate in action plan development. Findings were similar across cadres. Conclusions: Implementing high‐quality male‐specific counselling using male nurses and/or lay cadre is feasible. Efforts to utilize lay cadres should be prioritized, particularly in low‐resource settings. Programmes should provide comprehensive job aids to support HCWs. Ongoing training and professional development are needed to (1) improve HCWs' skills in tailored action plans, and (2) sensitize HCWs to the need for self‐compassion within male clients to promote holistic sexual health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Recruit training is the initial entry for enlisted personnel in the military. The Services execute gender-integrated recruit training differently. The U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) maintains same-gender platoons led by same-gender drill instructors in integrated companies; further integration occurs at select training events. The other Services train recruits in gender-integrated units with mixed-gender drill instructor teams. We examine recruits' experiences and perceptions of gender integration at recruit training, their desired level of integration, and preferences for increasing gender integration, comparing by Service and gender. Materials and Methods Recruit perspectives and experiences were captured in a 19-question survey (n = 632) and 90-min focus groups (n  = 260) near graduation from recruit training. Data were collected from June to November 2021. Because of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic restrictions, the Navy and Air Force were not conducting gender-integrated recruit training during data collection. Outcome variables were compared cross-Service by gender and within Service by gender using chi-squared tests or Fisher's exact tests, as appropriate; focus group data were analyzed using initial and secondary coding schemes. Three USMC training models, varied by level of integration, were also analyzed (Male-Only, Series Track, and Integrated Company). Results Significant gender differences across and within Service emerged in recruits' experience being trained by an opposite-gender instructor. Male recruits had significant differences by Service (P  < .001), and USMC female recruits reported being trained by male instructors more than their male peers by female instructors (Series Track P  = .002; Integrated Company P  < .001). In the focus groups, recruits described common differences with how men and women embodied being a drill instructor. Significant gender differences across (both male and female P  < .001) and within Service were reported for closeness of training with opposite-gender peers (Air Force P  = .028; U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) Integrated Company P  = .010; Army P  = .048), an expected finding given varied integration during data collection. Male and female recruits had significant differences by Service in their preference for integration at the lowest unit level (both male and female P  < .001), with those who experienced integrated training showing higher levels of endorsement. In the focus groups, recruits articulated benefits and challenges of gender-integrated recruit training. Significant gender differences across Service emerged in preferences for more integration in specific training activities. Within Service, female USMC Integrated Company recruits wanted more integration in tactical/field, physical fitness, and classroom training than their male peers (P  < .001 for all). In the focus groups, USMC recruits of both genders desired more integrated training events, particularly those involving combat and tactical skill development. Conclusions This study provided an opportunity to examine recruit perspectives on gender-integrated training. Services valuing opposite-gender instructor exposure in recruit training must ensure that male recruits are being taught and led by female instructors given disproportionate demographics. Recruits who experienced integrated training were more supportive of integration, indicating that this experience may increase their support for gender-integrated training units and environments. Today's recruits understand that they are entering gender-integrated working environments, and our results indicate that they expect recruit training to mirror that reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even if coercive measures are widely applied in psychiatry and have numerous well-known drawbacks, there is limited known on the agreement among mental healthcare professionals' opinions on their use. In a questionnaire study using standardized scenarios, we investigated variation in staff opinions on coercion. In a web-based survey distributed to staff at three psychiatry hospitals, respondents were asked to consider if and what coercion to use by introducing two hypothetical scenarios involving involuntary psychiatric admission and in-hospital coercion. One hundred thirty-two out of 601 invited staff members responded to the survey (Response Rate = 22%). There was large variation in participating staff members' opinions on how to best manage critical situations and what coercive measures were warranted. In the first scenario, 57% of respondents (n = 76) believed that the patient should be involuntarily admitted to hospital while the remaining respondents believed that the situation should be managed otherwise. Regarding the second scenario, 62% of respondents responded that some in-hospital coercion should be used. The majority of respondents believed that colleagues would behave similarly (60%) or with a tendency towards more coercion use (34%). Male gender, being nursing staff and having less coercion experience predicted being less inclined to choose involuntary hospital admission. There is a high degree of variation in coercion use. This study suggests that this variation persists despite staff members being confronted with the same standardized situations. There is a need for evidence-based further guidance to minimize coercion in critical mental healthcare situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive impairment (CI) is common in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) but is often undetected and may affect recovery and secondary prevention uptake. Nurses play a crucial role providing care for patients with ACS and promoting secondary prevention. This study aimed to explore current nursing practices and barriers regarding CI screening in patients with ACS. Cardiac nurses were recruited from three metropolitan teaching hospitals and two professional associations in Australia and undertook a 38-question purpose-built survey. A total of 95 nurses participated (mean age 38±13 years; 78% [n=74] female): 69 were registered nurses, and 48% had received CI training. Only 16% of nurses in our sample reported that they regularly screen for CI, and 23% reported that they never screen; however, 59% believed screening should be part of everyday practice. Nurses mostly screened when ward policy required admission/daily cognitive screening (34%) or when they suspected cognitive problems or decline (39%). Nurses in acute settings (vs non-acute) were nine times more likely to screen when adjusting for confounders. The typically used screening instruments assessed delirium/confusion and dementia but not milder CI. Common barriers to screening included communication difficulties, patients too unstable/unwell, time constraints requiring clinical care prioritisation, and being unaware of patients' normal cognition status. Screening practices for CI in the context of ACS were found to be suboptimal, with only 16% of nurses in our sample reporting regularly screening. The most used methods focus on screening for delirium. Given current practice, many CI cases will be missed, especially mild CI, which will negatively affect secondary prevention efforts. Further research is required to identify appropriate methods to implement routine screening within the nursing clinical workflow and establish a suitable screening tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The nursing profession had recently noted a significant increase of men entering the profession. However, in countries like Canada where men comprise approximately 9% of the regulated nursing population---they were viewed as untapped human health resource due to an estimated 117,600 nurse shortage in Canada by 2030. Addressing barriers such as gender-based stigmatization, role strain, and stereotypes could improve male representation and help mitigate this workforce gap globally. The objectives of this study's literature review was to explore and to critically examine stigmatization, stereotypes, and other genderbased barriers that men face in the educational and professional setting while analyzing what influences their recruitment and retention in the nursing profession. Method: The literature review was based on related databases, such as CINAHL and PubMed, where barriers that exist for men in the nursing profession and in their undergraduate nursing education were explored. The search was restricted to international literature published in the English language with a publication date limited from 1990 to present. Key factors noted in the literature review that affected men in nursing education and the nursing profession were summarized as follows: (i) the historical feminization of nursing and (ii) stigma, role strain and stereotypes. These factors created barriers for men in nursing education and the nursing profession. Conclusion: A variety of factors encompassing stress, barriers, and role strain affected the recruitment and retention of nursing students and professionals. It was discovered that there was a need to encourage men to enter the nursing profession using proactive and intentional recruitment strategies to de-gender the nursing profession and to remove the systemic barriers examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide rates have been high in several health-care professions. Suicide rates were described in physicians, dentists, veterinarians, psychologists, pharmacists, nurses, as well as theologians, other graduates and the general population in Norway. Data on educational attainment were linked to data on suicide and all-cause mortality from 1980 to 2021. Suicide rates were reported per 100,000 person-years. The total number of person-years included in the study was 66.4 and 67.2 million for males and females, respectively. Between 1980 and 2021, male veterinarians (35.9, 95 % CI 19.3–52.4), physicians (25.7, 21.3–30.2) and nurses (22.2, 16.6–27.7) had higher suicide rates compared others with higher education (11.7, 10.7–12.7). For females, this was the case for psychologists (15.0, 8.2–21.7) and nurses (9.3, 8.3–10.3), vs. others with higher education (5.1, 4.2–6.0). Suicide rates declined over the four decades for most groups. For physicians, suicide rates declined and approached the suicide rate of others with higher education. Suicide rates among physicians increased with age, with physicians over 60 years having twice as high suicide rates compared to others with higher education. The study included only educational status, not current occupation or employment status. This is a descriptive study, with some known risk factors for suicide not accounted for. Suicide rates for physicians declined over time, but not for nurses. From 2010 to 2021, nurses of both genders was the only group with higher suicide rates compared to other graduates. The increased suicide rates among veterinarians, nurses, female psychologists and elderly physicians are concerning. • Male veterinarians and female psychologists had the highest suicide rates. • Suicide rates declined for most groups, except nurses. • Suicide rates among male veterinarians, female psychologists and elderly physicians are concerning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To ascertain the perceptions of the Welsh NHS orthodontic workforce regarding their job satisfaction and work life balance. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional survey. Participants and setting: Clinicians providing NHS orthodontic treatment in Wales. Methods: An anonymised, email-distributed, electronic, two-part survey (onlinesurveys.ac.uk) of the Welsh NHS orthodontic workforce working within Wales was undertaken. The survey consisted of three sections: (1) demographic information (part 1); (2) respondents' working pattern (part 1); and (3) perceptions of professional job satisfaction and work/life balance (part 2). The responses received were exported into an Excel spreadsheet for descriptive analysis. The free-text comments were collated for each question and subsequently underwent a content analysis to identify any common themes. Results: Part 2 of the survey yielded an overall response rate of 69.6% (n = 78). Over 96% (n = 75) of respondents felt that they had 'made the right career choice, including 100% of orthodontic trainees, orthodontic specialists and orthodontic consultants. Of the respondents, 88.5% (n = 69) said they 'enjoyed going to work', with the remaining being mostly neutral in their opinion. Of the respondents, 79.5% (n = 62) felt they were able to 'provide their patients the optimum care' and 64.1% (n = 50) felt that more demands were being placed upon them by patients and parents. Overall, 52.6% (n = 41) of survey respondents believed it was becoming increasingly difficult to achieve an effective work/life balance, and this was more prevalent among male respondents (61.5%, n = 16) than female respondents (48.1%, n = 25), although this difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05). Conclusions: Over 96% of respondents felt they have chosen the right career and that flexibility and a good working environment are important to job satisfaction. Respondents felt that there are increasing demands being placed upon them by patients/parents, employers, the Regulators, the Government and Health Boards. This is leading to increased difficulty in achieving a satisfactory work/life balance, especially among male respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Jing Huang,1 Hongxia Sun,2 Bei Tian2 1Department of Nursing, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Nursing, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital (Shanghai Health Medical College Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital), Shanghai, 201318, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Bei Tian, Department of Nursing, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital (Shanghai Health Medical College Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital), No. 1500 Zhou yuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-18121216302, Email 18121216302@163.comIntroduction: This study aims to explore the thought, feelings and perceptions of male nursing students and male nursing professionals in the nursing profession.Methods: This present study used a qualitative research design to explore the feelings, thoughts, and opinions of male nursing students (first to fourth years) and male nursing professionals about their perception of the nursing profession. The study recruited 11 male nursing students and 11 male nursing professionals using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected via semi-structured individual interviews using qualitative open-ended inquiries consisting of seven questions. The data were analysed using thematic perspectives.Results: The analysis revealed three themes: (a) perceiving gender varieties, (b) taking apparent advantage of masculine characteristics, and (c) taking an equal perspective. Male students’ replies to their professional gender attitudes were that there was no distinct line among the gender-related advantages and disadvantages according to whether they were first to fourth-year students.Conclusion: Male nursing students and professionals believe that nursing is equally appropriate for both men and women, and they could employ masculine characteristics to thrive in their professional development.Keywords: male nurses, professional development, interventional nursing, semi-structured, masculine