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Collection specimens provide valuable and often overlooked biological material that enables addressing relevant, long‐unanswered questions in conservation biology, historical biogeography, and other research fields. Here, we use preserved specimens to analyze the historical distribution of the black francolin (Francolinus francolinus, Phasianidae), a case that has recently aroused the interest of archeozoologists and evolutionary biologists. The black francolin currently ranges from the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East to the Indian subcontinent, but, at least since the Middle Ages, it also had a circum‐Mediterranean distribution. The species could have persisted in Greece and the Maghreb until the 19th century, even though this possibility had been questioned due to the absence of museum specimens and scant literary evidence. Nevertheless, we identified four 200‐year‐old stuffed black francolins—presumably the only ones still existing—from these areas and sequenced their mitochondrial DNA control region. Based on the comparison with conspecifics (n = 396) spanning the entirety of the historic and current species range, we found that the new samples pertain to previously identified genetic groups from either the Near East or the Indian subcontinent. While disproving the former occurrence of an allegedly native westernmost subspecies, these results point toward the role of the Crown of Aragon in the circum‐Mediterranean expansion of the black francolin, including the Maghreb and Greece. Genetic evidence hints at the long‐distance transport of these birds along the Silk Road, probably to be traded in the commerce centers of the Eastern Mediterranean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freshwater biodiversity in the Maghreb region remains largely unexplored, providing significant opportunities for further discovery. Algerian caddisflies have received relatively little attention. The present study aims to fill gaps in caddisfly taxonomy and distribution by conducting a comprehensive survey of rivers and streams in northeastern Algeria, with a focus on collecting adult caddisflies. Through our research, we identified a total of 28 species from Algeria, and a new caddisfly species, Hydropsyche tenerifa, collected in the Canary Islands, expanding our knowledge of the caddisfly fauna in North Africa. Among these discoveries, we describe 15 new species (H. cherfa, H. makhloufa, H. seybousa, H. algirica, H. dbabcha, H. farrahae, H. guitna, H. chenioura, H. edougha, H. louara, H. vinconi, H. linae, H. nardjissae, Agapetus ferrerasi, A. yasminae) from Algeria and reclassify three subspecies or varieties as distinct species (Wormaldia numidica, Thremma africanum, Mesophylax hoggarensis). In addition, our surveys led to the discovery of three previously unrecorded caddisfly species (Lype reducta, Lepidostoma kumanskii, and Adicella syriaca) in Algeria, as well as the expansion of the known range of seven additional species. These results underscore the importance of the Maghreb's freshwater biodiversity and highlight the need for a more comprehensive understanding of caddisfly taxonomy in the region. By providing a clearer taxonomy and distributional framework for caddisflies, our research establishes a solid foundation for future monitoring and conservation initiatives targeting these important aquatic insects and the ecosystems they inhabit.

Lotic systems are rapidly changing due to anthropogenic impacts, making it crucial to note the diversity and abundance of Odonates for effective conservation of these running waters. Our study aimed to assess and compare the Odonate communities in two adjacent rivers, Medjerda and Cheref, in Souk Ahras, northeastern Algeria collected during the period from January 2022 to August 2023. In total, 27 species belonging to 7 families and 17 genera were recorded, with three rare species in Numidia, and three Maghrebian endemic species, including Gomphus lucasii (Selys, 1850) listed as “Vulnerable” in the IUCN Mediterranean Red List. Coenagrion mercuriale (Charpentier, 1840), a locally endangered species, was abundantly present in the Medjerda River. Additionally, the presence of the desert species Trithemis kirbyi (Selys, 1891) in Medjerda confirms their northward expansion within Algeria. The Libellulidae were the most dominant family with 11 species. Our findings revealed no significant differences in terms of biodiversity indices (Richness, Simpson, Shannon, & Pielou's evenness) between the two rivers. However, significant dissimilarities were observed in Odonate assemblages likely due to habitat and environmental variations. Many factors, such as water pumping, overgrazing, untreated wastewater, and riverbank development, which influence Odonate species, were observed in the two rivers. Consequently, an urgent conservation plan should be put in place to preserve water resources and biodiversity in the region. This study highlights the need for continued monitoring and conservation efforts, especially for rare and threatened species in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures on these aquatic ecosystems.

This article focuses on the most evident effects of COVID-19 influenced by the elements of the regional economic landscape, emphasizing the importance of shock and crisis management plans. Algeria could benefit from revitalizing the construction of the North African bloc and enhancing cooperation in the Maghreb. The main objective of this work is to identify the most urgent challenges related to the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 on the regional economic landscape, and the economic integration of Algeria highlights the importance of shock and crisis management plans.

The unknown male of Echemus escaleraiSimon, 1909 from Morocco is described for the first time, and the epigyne and vulva are illustrated for the first time. The position of the species in the genus EchemusSimon, 1878 is discussed. Cryptodrassus helvolus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872), previously known from Cyprus, Russia (Northern Ciscaspia), and Israel, is reported for the first time in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the formation of the madhhabs in Islamic Law, many works in which the madhhab’s principles (al-uṣūl/Islamic legal theory and al-furū‘/ Islamic legal jurisprudence) were written. Following this process, a new writing style known a “Takhrīc al-furū' alā al-uṣūl” literature emerged. In this writing style, the content of the concepts of principles (al-uṣūl) and branches (al-furū‘), their relationship, the source of the principles accepted as uṣūl and their effect on secondary issues, the essence of the disagreements and their reflections on the issues are examined. AlTilimsānī (d. 771/1370) was an important Mālikī scholar who lived in the Maghreb region. His work Miftāḥ al-wusūl ilā bināʾ al-furū' 'alā al-uṣūl is an original work written in the style of “Takhrīc al- furū' ‘alā al-uṣūl”. Unlike other works written in this style, Tilimsānī classified and examined the issues causing khilāfa (disagreement) according to the topics of uṣūl and conducted an impartial comparison between the sects. He did not include the views of scholars of uṣūl al-fiqh but focused on the perspectives of the sects and avoided theological debates. Additionally, through this work, he aimed to bring about a change in Mālikī jurisprudence, which had been centered on the al-furu', by emphasizing the importance of uṣūl. This article will analyze the style of Miftāḥ al-wusūl ilā bināʾ ‘al-furū' 'alā al-uṣūl, which is the only work of its kind in the Mālikī madhhab, and the subjects it addresses, based on the titles of the book itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study updates the distribution and status of Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns (Asteraceae, Cichorioideae) in continental North Africa (Algeria and Tunisia). Field surveys carried out mainly in northeastern Algeria (from 2021 to 2024) and northern Tunisia (from 2004 to 2023) by the first two authors, led to the identification of a total of 13 new localities (5 in Algeria and 8 in Tunisia), some of which are located far from the locations where the plant was previously reported by other authors. Our results showed that A. calendula spreads in a westward direction in Algeria from the first recorded occurrence (El Behaira pond). To the contrary, in Tunisia the species spreads towards the north, east and west from the first recorded occurrence (Sejnane). Currently, in both Algeria and Tunisia, the species colonizes exclusively wetlands, but a possible future expansion into other habitats, notably coastal dunes and beaches, cannot be ruled out. Additionally, the species is likely to spread into western Algeria as it was recently detected just 7 km from the border between Algeria and Morocco where it is widespread. To highlight this spread, a map of the current distribution of A. calendula within continental North Africa (mainly Algeria and Tunisia) and field images are provided; the possible negative impacts of the species are also discussed. As a result of this work, A. calendula can be defined as a species with high invasive potential in continental North Africa. Its invasion in Algerian and Tunisian wetlands requires the implementation of a management plan to control its further spread within these threatened ecosystems. Hand-pulling is, in our opinion, the best solution, but it needs to be implemented quickly before the species' range expands further, notably in Algeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kateb Yacine told Geneviève Serreau in 1956 that one does not use a universal language to humiliate a people in its very soul without consequences: sooner or later, the people seize that language and culture for themselves on their way towards freedom. Following this prophecy, Algerian intellectuals have in effect appropriated the French language, which they deploy with a high level of proficiency to address the colonizer in its own language. However, with decolonization, the French language was probed as a legacy of colonialism and an obstacle to Algerian self-realization and cultural authenticity. Algerian governments implemented a top-down Arabization policy, excluding national differences and subscribing wholly to the group of Arab nations. This process alienated those who did not read or speak Arabic in a country that is essentially comprised of a multiplicity of languages, cultures, and identities. This article delves into this bitter polemic as a painstaking search for national identity. It traces the position of the French language in the Algerian intellectual and literary landscape, from an initial gesture of rejection to a later move toward appropriation and nativization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I argue that Maghrebography, which is a multilingual and transnational Tamazghan literary corpus as well as a proactively multilingual mode of reading, can account for the indigenous and indigenized languages of Tamazghan literary and cultural studies. Essentially, Maghrebography requires a proactive endeavour to learn and engage with all the languages of cultural production in Tamazgha. This article explains how the marginalization of Tamazgha's indigenous languages has led to an entrenched Arabic-French dichotomy that continues to dominate scholarly approaches to the study of and specialization in Tamazghan literature and culture regardless of the fact that Imazighen – the Indigenous people of Tamazgha – have transformed the landscape of cultural production in their ancestral homeland. In its broader implications, Maghrebography calls for a new kind of scholarship that will redefine the field currently known as Maghrebi Studies by spurring curricular and programmatic changes that account for the land's indigenous language and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Economic & Regional Studies/Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterraneos is the property of Taller de Estudios Internacionales Mediterraneos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The series of population-based studies conducted by the Global Campaign against Headache has, so far, included Pakistan and Saudi Arabia from the Eastern Mediterranean Region. The Maghreb countries of North Africa, also part of this Region, are geographically apart and culturally very different from these countries. Here we report a study in Morocco. Methods: We applied the standardised methodology of Global Campaign studies, with cluster-randomized sampling in regions of Morocco selected to be representative of its diversities. In three of these regions, in accordance with this methodology, we made unannounced visits to randomly selected households and, from each, interviewed one randomly selected adult member (aged 18–65 years) using the HARDSHIP structured questionnaire translated into Moroccan Arabic and French. In a fourth region (Fès), because permission for such sampling was not given by the administrative authority, people were randomly stopped in streets and markets and, when willing, interviewed using the same questionnaire. This was a major protocol violation. Results: We included 3,474 participants, 1,074 (41.7%) from Agadir, 1,079 (41.9%) from Marrakech, 422 (16.4%) from Tétouan and 899 from Fès. In a second protocol violation, interviewers failed to record the non-participating proportion. In the main analysis, excluding Fès, observed 1-year prevalence of any headache was 80.1% among females, 68.2% among males. Observed 1-day prevalence (headache yesterday) was 17.8%. After adjustment for age and gender, migraine prevalence was 30.8% (higher among females [aOR = 1.6]) and TTH prevalence 32.1% (lower among females [aOR = 0.8]). Headache on ≥ 15 days/month (H15+) was very common (10.5%), and in more than half of cases (5.9%) associated with acute medication overuse (on ≥ 15 days/month) and accordingly diagnosed as probable medication-overuse headache (pMOH). Both pMOH (aOR = 2.6) and other H15+ (aOR = 1.9) were more common among females. In the Fès sample, adjusted prevalences were similar, numerically but not significantly higher except for other H15+. Conclusions: While the 1-year prevalence of headache among adults in Morocco is similar to that of many other countries, migraine on the evidence here is at the upper end of the global range, but not outside it. H15 + and pMOH are very prevalent, contributing to the high one-day prevalence of headache. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries and international bodies are focusing on agriculture as a route to achieving sustainable food security. Hence, the aim of this study is to examine the determinants of food security. It investigates the effects of gross domestic product deflator (GDPD), rural population, arable area, agricultural workers, farmers, agricultural exports, and agricultural imports on agricultural performance, which is a metric of food security. This study uses time lapse data models of a sample from the group of Maghreb states, namely Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and Mauritania, for the 2003–2018 period. All these data were collected from the statistical reports of the Arab Organization for Agricultural Development. The results provide evidence of the significant positive impacts of gross domestic product, arable areas, and agricultural exports on the agricultural sector's performance, which results in achieving food security. However, the results indicate that the rural population and the number of workers in the agricultural sector have a significantly negative relationship with agricultural sector performance. In terms of agricultural imports, the results do not show a relationship between agricultural imports and agricultural sector performance. To the best of the researchers' knowledge, this is the first study conducted in the Maghreb states, including five countries. This study alerts policymakers to issues regarding the importance of having effective policies that could enhance the performance of agricultural production to achieve food security in the Maghreb states. Policymakers must improve the investment climate in North African countries to encourage investors to enter the agricultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The group of Arabic medieval authors critiqued and condemned the practices of Islam among the Berber tribes in North Africa. This article delves into the medieval debate surrounding Berber Islam, exploring key themes and interpretations of Arab-Berber relations and the unique aspects of intra-religious dynamics in the medieval Islamic West. Through a comparative analysis, it examines medieval Arabic perspectives on the origins of the Berbers, the nature of Berber Islam, accusations of heterodoxy, and the perceived absence of urban culture. The essay also explores Arab authors’ perspectives on Berber rule during the Almoravid (1054–1147) and Almohad (1121–1269) periods. By examining polemical examples, it sheds light on the intricate political landscape of the Maghreb. A detailed investigation into the characteristics of Berber Islam provides insights into the Arab approach to governance in the region, as well as the successes and shortcomings thereof. The consistent negative portrayal of Berbers in Arabic narratives underscores underlying issues within the medieval Islamic politico-religious framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After various setbacks, the latest being the Arab uprisings of 2011, pan-Arabism has made a return starting in the second decade of the 21st century, but in the shape of neo-pan-Arabism. Thus, neo-pan-Arabism would appear to be the legitimate heir of pan-Arabism. Unlike the former, however, it does not appear to be an ideology, but rather a mere tool of Arab regimes to legitimise their control over their populations. Neo-pan-Arabism, then, seems to be a populist rhetoric, with limited action on the ground and aimed primarily at domestic audiences. The cases of Algeria and Tunisia – two countries outside the traditional pan-Arab nucleus –, presented through the actions and words of their respective leaders, illustrate how regimes are using neo-pan-Arabism for their domestic legitimation.

The COVID-19 pandemic affected agri-food systems worldwide. However, while the impacts differed from one country/region to another, the scholarly literature seems to focus on developed countries in the Global North. Consequently, this review scrutinizes the literature on the pandemic's impacts in the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region. A search on the Web of Science in March 2023 generated 334 documents, of which 151 were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review. According to the bibliometric analysis, the most active nations are Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, and Lebanon. In general, the coverage of studies is better in the Gulf region than in the less developed countries of North Africa and those suffering from wars (cf. Libya, Syria, and Yemen). Studies generally focus on crop production and the downstream food chain (cf. distribution and consumption). While the pandemic influenced every pillar of food security, this research concentrates on access and utilization. Meanwhile, the lion's share of the literature deals with the pandemic's socio-economic effects, especially those linked to food (in)security and health. The pandemic, which laid bare the agri-food system vulnerabilities, should be seized to foster the transition towards more resilient agri-food systems in the NENA region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human Sciences Journal / Revue des Sciences Humaines is the property of Universite des Freres Mentouri Constantine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Material belonging to a small collection of Moroccan arachnids housed in the Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences was examined and the results are presented here. A total of 28 species belonging to 16 families from three orders of arachnids were provided, as follows: Araneae (16 species, 12 families), Scorpiones (nine species, two families) and Solifugae (three species, two families). Five spider species, Adonea cf. fimbriata (Eresidae), Plexippus cf. clemens (Salticidae), Thanatus oblongiusculus (Philodromidae), Aelurillus aeruginosus (Salticidae) and Steatoda incomposita (Theridiidae), represent new or potential new records for the fauna of Morocco. Furthermore, the latter two are new for the African continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the European Union (EU) response to three conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa region and shines a spotlight on the degree of division among its member states and on the management of these divisions. It concludes that the EU's desire to be seen as an international actor varies according to the confrontation; it is stronger in the Arab-Israeli conflict, but weaker in the Sahara. Domestic protest and politicisation in the EU affect the fragmentation of positions and the frequency of obstructionist stances. The EU manages the divisions differently in each conflict, with strategies that vary according to the level of ambition or the desire to ensure the sides note the existence of a European position. The paper highlights the growing interaction between the different regional flashpoints and makes the case for a systemic and multilevel approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After various setbacks, the latest being the Arab uprisings of 2011, pan-Arabism has made a return starting in the second decade of the 21st century, but in the shape of neo-pan-Arabism. Thus, neo-pan-Arabism would appear to be the legitimate heir of pan-Arabism. Unlike the former, however, it does not appear to be an ideology, but rather a mere tool of Arab regimes to legitimise their control over their populations. Neo-pan-Arabism, then, seems to be a populist rhetoric, with limited action on the ground and aimed primarily at domestic audiences. The cases of Algeria and Tunisia - two countries outside the traditional pan-Arab nucleus -, presented through the actions and words of their respective leaders, illustrate how regimes are using neo-pan-Arabism for their domestic legitimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the author discusses the meaning of decolonizing Francophone Africa in contemporary French and Francophone studies. Other topics include the concepts of decoloniality from Latin American anti-colonial scholars like Catherine Walsh, Walter Mignolo, and Nelson Maldonado-Torres, and the Francophone African diaspora.

In the article, the author discusses issues in humanities, French and Francophone studies in the U.S. higher education sector, particularly the alleged shortcomings of the Maghreb-focused scholarships. Also cited are the challenges in said studies like budget cuts, funding shortages, and student enrollment decline, and the discrepancies in said fields including the lack of interdisciplinarity.

Even in a biodiversity hotspot such as the Mediterranean basin, aspects relating to the distribution of some groups of microcrustaceans still need clarification. In this paper, we critically analyse the available information on diaptomid copepods in Tunisian inland waters and, based on the largest sampling campaign to date carried out in the country, report new data on their distribution. In the frame of this study, 248 crustacean samples were collected from 190 sites, and 10 diaptomid species belonging to 7 genera and 2 subfamilies were found in the samples. Their distribution follows a climate gradient determined by precipitation, and ecological variables mainly affect diaptomid distribution in the study area, while pure spatial factors are of negligible importance. Diaptomid biodiversity is therefore strongly linked to the diversity of inland waters that characterise the country. This is especially true in the wetlands of the Medjerda alluvial plain, where six diaptomid species co-occurred sympatrically, with up to four or five species coexisting syntopically and synchronically in some sites. Unfortunately, the natural water bodies of this plain are currently strongly threatened by urban expansion and agricultural reclamation, and the risk of local extinction for the species they host is increasingly high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The earliest known work on the history of Egypt, the Maghrib and Andalusia is Ibn Abd al-Hakam's Futūhu Misr wa ahbāruhā. Due to this feature, the work has been an indispensable source for later authors after him. This study aims to give information about the author's life and to evaluate and introduce the work in different aspects, especially in terms of style and content, through a careful reading of the work. In the study, the sources of the information transmitted by the author and other authors who used him as a source and made references to him in the subsequent periods were tried to be identified. As a method, firstly, the content of the work was determined by reviewing different copies of the work. Then, issues such as the historical method followed by the author, the way he expressed the narrations, and the language and style he used were discussed. In addition, the study includes during the period of Ibn Abd al-Hakam and tries to reveal its importance by evaluating the work from various aspects. As a result, it was determined that Futūhu Misr wa Futūhu Misrwa ahbāruhā was prepared within the framework of the general method of Muslim historiographers as a local history work centered on Egypt, starting from Adam. In addition to this, it has been observed that the work contains original and interesting details that we cannot find elsewhere, especially important details about Egypt, Maghrib, the conquest process of Andalusia and the Berbers. The work has been an important source for later authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the evolution of China's political and economic relations with the Greater Maghreb States (Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia), a major part of the Southern Mediterranean that has attracted foreign powers. It discusses how China has gradually incorporated the Southern Mediterranean states into the New Silk Road through bilateral and multilateral relations, strategic partnerships, and the development of interconnectivity not only in the Southern Mediterranean but also onto the adjacent Sahel. Notwithstanding their dependence on Europe, the Maghreb countries' economic relations with China have grown noticeably. Due to shared historical legacy and overlapping roles, Algeria has the closest ties with China, which signed in 2014 a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership with Algeria, the first of its kind in the Middle East and North Africa. China strives for an environment in the region that is conducive to advancing its economic and national security interests. It seeks to enact that objective through its self-attributed roles as South-South collaborator and developer. The multilateral forums it has instituted contribute to its external altercasting of 'developmental values', to cultivate trust, and engage in greater socialisation with its partners. Through altercasting, Beijing expects its partners to assimilate and support its policies and accept China's national role conceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States has invested billions of dollars in promoting democracy in the Maghreb. In the decade following the Arab Spring, some of that investment appeared to be bearing fruit, particularly in the case of Tunisia. Today, however, the Maghreb has joined the global trend of authoritarian backsliding. This article will examine US democracy promotion efforts in the Maghreb over the past 20 years to assess what role US support has had in helping as well as hindering democratisation in the region. The article will look critically at the tools and policy approaches employed by the United States beginning with President George W. Bush's Freedom Agenda and establishment of the Middle East Partnership Initiative, examining the Obama administration's approach towards the aftermath of the 2011 uprisings, and ending with President Biden's renewed focus on democracy. The piece will attempt to answer the question of why, despite significant and high-level attention on democracy promotion, US efforts have failed to produce their desired results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pierre Joris discusses his literary journey from Luxembourg to Bard College to Algeria to Paris and London and finally New York. Joris focuses on his translation of Paul Celan, his engagement with the poetry of the Maghreb (culminating in his coediting of The University of California Book of North African Literature, volume 4 of Poems for the Millennium), and the importance of French poet Edmond Jabès. He goes on to address his choice to write in his fourth language, English, and the formative readings of American poetry and his connection to some of the New American Poets of the generation older than him. In the course of the interview, Joris discusses his sense of a nomadic community—or perhaps better to say "negative" or "inoperable" community. Throughout, he comes back to his commitments to writing poetry and to translation as the core the practice of poetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article showcases interviews conducted in 2014 with French Tunisian authors Fawzia Zouari and Hélé Béji as part of a PhD research project. The discussions open up dialogue around how these authors explore a number of themes across a diversity of literary genres, which include: journalism, essays, novels, as well as their decision to write in the French language. The conversations also delve into the authors' keen interest in women's rights in Tunisia before and after the 2010–11 Revolution, alongside their political commitment and contribution to a counter-discourse within their country. These interviews provide valuable insights into the authors' body of work and their impact on Tunisian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baetis rifensis sp. nov. is the first representative of the Baetis fuscatus group to be described from the Maghreb. It was collected from streams in the Rif region of northern Morocco. All species of the B. fuscatus group are morphologically very similar, with slight differences in colour. Thus, in addition to morphological description, species delimitation based on genetic evidence was carried out. The new species was compared with other members of the B. fuscatus group from the Palaearctic region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the multifaceted process of queer subjectivity (re)formation that queer Maghrebi subjects undergo as they (re)interpret their relationship to and orientation toward social norms, masculinity, and the spaces of exchange they inhabit. Bahaa Trabelsi's Une vie à trois [A Life of Three] (2000) assembles an intricate literary text to signal the inequalities many non-normative or queer Maghrebi subjects encounter via conservative discourse. This article understands Trabelsi's work as a critique of masculinity and society, in which she does reconfigure masculinity to develop a plural form, which is to say, "masculinities," to go beyond singular, essentialized interpretations of the concept. To engage with Trabelsi's apparent critique of Moroccan society, this article postulates that the several narratives in the novel assemble figures of revolt, which involve subjects purposefully eliding societal pressures, therefore, situating themselves as "others" within their communities to maintain agency and individual subjecthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this chapter, we begin by recalling the beginning of the mathematics of Islamic countries, particularly by emphasizing the influence of Indian arithmetic. Next, we present the particularity of the mathematics of the Muslim West (Maghreb and al-Andalus), by revealing the specificity of the digits and the symbolism used. Third, we focus on the role played by the city of Bejaia (Algeria) in the 'popularization' of Arabic numerals in Europe, following the stay of mathematician Leonardo Pisano, or Fibonacci. The contribution of this article concerns the presentation of the numeration available in the Maghreb on the basis of the analysis of Afniq n 'Ccix Lmuhub (Khizana -- the scholarly library of manuscripts of Sheikh Lmuhub). Discovered at Tala Uzrar in 1994, it is currently the only library of manuscripts cataloged in Kabylia (Algeria) (Aïssani, 2007; Aïssani, 2011). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Development Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1095, at the Council of Clermont, Urban II delivered a speech that roused the crowds against the infidels.1 Soon thereafter, the Christian sovereigns rallied the troops, targeting Jerusalem. Even in the Iberian Peninsula, the population went into raptures at the prospect of taking up arms,2 and had to be appeased by the Pope so as not to undermine the military efforts against Muslims. Urban II viewed the First Crusade as a triptych composed of the conquest of Sicily (1091), the successes in Iberia, which included the taking of Toledo (1085) and Lisbon (1093), and the conquest of Jerusalem (1099).3 However, the winds of war changed in 1086, when the Almoravids won the Battle of Zallāqa.4 The Berbers, who expanded their power over al-Andalus until 1095,5 saw themselves as defenders of the community against Christians. However, in the foundation of their movement they engaged in military jihād against Muslims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus pandemic is considered the worst-hit that the world had witnessed in the current century. The impact of the pandemic, especially during the lockdown, was not only diverse but also worldwide. The African continent, including the Maghreb, was no exception. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of anxiety and eating behaviors and their correlations in three Maghrebian countries following the official outbreak of the COVID19 pandemic. It is a cross-sectional study of 754 participants from Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. It took place between 30 April and 2 July 2020. The survey showed that eating disorders represented 45.9% of the sample while 26.8% (202 participants) matched the anxiety criteria. Statistical significant factors for eating disorders were gender (p = 0.002; OR = 1.760), underweight (p = 0.021; OR = 0.306), anxiety (p = 0.001; OR = 0.470), bulimia (p = 0.000; OR = 0.794) and body dissatisfaction (p = 0.000; OR = 0.920). This rise goes along with other surveys in different parts of the world. These results can be explained by multiple reasons such as the 'food insecurity' mechanism, the excessive feeling of boredom and loneliness resulting from social distancing and the overwhelming overthinking about the onset of a serious economic crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding how informal relationships such as Wasta operate in different cultures is necessary for multinationals to thrive. However, studies on the effect of such networks on multinationals' activities in Arab countries remain limited. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of informal inter-organizational business relationships on the satisfaction and performance of firms in Arab Maghreb countries. This research is based on a self-administered survey with 534 procurement managers from Morocco (n = 220), Algeria (n = 148) and Tunisia (n = 166). We used structural equations to test our hypotheses. The results showed that Wasta has almost the same effect on interorganizational relationship in the three Maghreb countries. Specifically, Mojamala (affection) does not influence the satisfaction of the B2B relationship within the three counties under study, while Hamola (reciprocity) and Somah (trust) positively influence this relationship. The analysis showed that the negative side of Somah has a negative influence on satisfaction only in Algeria. The results also showed that satisfaction positively influences the performance of Maghrebian B2B partners. These results show that the phenomenon of Wasta is rooted in the cultures of the Maghreb countries and underscore the need to conduct further studies to understand it and to raise awareness among multinationals that plan to do business with the local partners or those who are planning to relocate. Implications for IB, theory and policy are discussed together with the study's limitations and suggestions for future research. Through this study, we contribute to the development of research on cross-culture management by showing the effect of Wasta as a cultural phenomenon on business relations in the Maghreb countries. Our research is the first to investigate the effect of the informal interorganizational relationship on the satisfaction and performance of B2B partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A contested polity and an imagined community, Europe is confronting a myriad of political, economic, and climatic shifts. Ethnographer Regina Römhild has recently argued that understanding Europe as homogeneous and clearly demarcated inaccurately conjures a truncated White entity quite distinct from that which its early founders imagined. Römhild juxtaposes a Europe traditionally, historically, and fundamentally constituted by migrancy. She shows the fundamental importance of neo/colonial entanglements, sketches Europe as part of a black Mediterranean (cp: Paul Gilroy), and explains how resistant, anti-colonial imaginations variously shape this union. In these ways and more, Europe has always already been constituted through exchange, movement, and porousness. Drawing on Römhild, I analyze Berlin School filmmaker Christian Petzold's films Transit (2018), Phoenix (2014) and Jerichow (2008) with an eye towards what I dub their postmigrant aesthetics. Drawing on sociologist Jin Haritaworn, I pay special attention to these works' commentaries on "regenerative" minorities. Further, I argue that these films also highlight limitations of the concept of postmigrant Europe. Even if historically accurate, it cannot (yet) be understood as normative, but rather aspirational, because in our real-existing Europe, power dynamics between individuals and communities inhere and continue to thwart equitable participation. Artistic production and aesthetics have especially important work to do under such circumstances; I suggest that these recent films by Petzold invite viewers to notice and (re)consider complicities in this power differential and to imagine and work toward a postmigrant Europe.

Countries and international bodies are focusing on agriculture as a route to achieving sustainable food security. Hence, the aim of this study is to examine the determinants of food security. It investigates the effects of gross domestic product deflator (GDPD), rural population, arable area, agricultural workers, farmers, agricultural exports, and agricultural imports on agricultural performance, which is a metric of food security. This study uses time lapse data models of a sample from the group of Maghreb states, namely Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and Mauritania, for the 2003–2018 period. All these data were collected from the statistical reports of the Arab Organization for Agricultural Development. The results provide evidence of the significant positive impacts of gross domestic product, arable areas, and agricultural exports on the agricultural sector’s performance, which results in achieving food security. However, the results indicate that the rural population and the number of workers in the agricultural sector have a significantly negative relationship with agricultural sector performance. In terms of agricultural imports, the results do not show a relationship between agricultural imports and agricultural sector performance. To the best of the researchers’ knowledge, this is the first study conducted in the Maghreb states, including five countries. This study alerts policymakers to issues regarding the importance of having effective policies that could enhance the performance of agricultural production to achieve food security in the Maghreb states. Policymakers must improve the investment climate in North African countries to encourage investors to enter the agricultural sector.