The burial mound of the Pey (or Pë) is situated on a limestone hilltop at an altitude of 33 m, south-west of the village of Fontaine. The location provides extensive panoramas over the surrounding area, reaching as far as La Rochelle and the Ile de Ré some 30 km to the south, on the far side of the entrance to the bay of Aiguillon at the head of the Marais poitevin. The burial mound dominates the plain of Longeville on all sides. The plain opens to the south and forms a specific territorial unit. This probably explains its intensive occupation since the Early Neolithic (represented at La Tranche-sur-Mer and Longeville-Plage). It is the only point on the Atlantic coast of France where one finds such a combination of landscape features : a primary massif to the north, once covered by extensive forests ; sedimentary terrain to the south, well suited to the cultivation of cereals ; broad and well-sheltered valleys where animals could graze and humans settle on the river banks ; not forgetting the sea itself, further to the south, forming an anchorage sheltered by the Ile de Ré and easily accessible via small coastal rivers and shelving shoreline. Thus several sources of food (plant cultivation, animal husbandry, hunting and fishing) were readily available in a region wild climate, which furthermore benefits from exceptional levels of sunshine. The burial mound of the Pey (or Pé) de Fontaine was built in two phases. An initial passage grave (or possibly two parallel monuments) was enclosed within a quadrangular cairn, 18 m long by 16 m to 17 m wide, with a double kerb. In the second phase, this monument was extended to 25,50 m by 26,50 m. The extension included another chambered tomb, parallel to the early one(s), with a circular chamber 4 m to 5 m in diameter, roofed by a corbelled vault, at the end of a passage 13,50 m long. In a third and final phase, the entire monument was surrounded by a 'sleeve' of stone forming a glacis around the kerb, and perhaps completely covering the burial mound. This structure marked the end of use of monument. In this phase, the cairn would have measured 34 m to 35 m square, its principal façade (perhaps hidden by the glacis) facing towards the south-east. Destruction began at the beginning of the 19th century. The monument served first as a quarry, and later, much of its interior was destroyed during the construction of the Atlantic Wall in the second World War. The recent excavations have revealed the original structures of the monument and have led to the discovery of abundant finds, though these were badly dispersed by the earlier disturbances with the mound has suffered. The material can be dated to the Middle and Late Neolithic (including Late Neolithic 'Peu-Richardien maritime'). Reuse is attested during the Final Neolithic (Artenacien) and the Late Bronze Age, during the Gallo-Roman period, and from the Middle Ages to the present day. It is clear that this prominent location has continued to attract successive populations. Traduction de Chris Scarre, Mac Donald Institute, Cambridge., À 33 m d'altitude sur une butte calcaire, au sud-ouest du village de Fontaine, le tumulus du Pey (ou Pé) embrasse un très large paysage jusqu'à La Rochelle et l'île de Ré à une trentaine de kilomètres au sud, de l'autre côté de l'entrée de la baie de l'Aiguillon et donc du Marais poitevin. Ouverte au sud, la plaine de Longeville, que le tumulus domine de tous côtés, forme un territoire très spécifique qui explique probablement son intense occupation dès le Néolithique ancien (La Tranche-sur-Mer et Longeville-Plage). Le tumulus du Pey de Fontaine fut construit en deux temps. Un premier dolmen à couloir (voire deux monuments parallèles) fut entouré d'un cairn quadrangulaire à double parement. Dans un deuxième temps, le monument fut allongé et abrita un autre dolmen, parallèle au(x) précédent(s). Détruit dès le début du XIXe s., il servit de carrière avant d'être éventré lors de l'installation du mur de l'Atlantique au cours de la dernière guerre. Les fouilles récentes ont mis en évidence son architecture primitive et permis la découverte d'un matériel archéologique abondant, très dispersé par les mauvais traitements anciens, datable du Néolithique moyen et récent (Peu-Richardien maritime). Des réutilisations et fréquentations au Néolithique final (Artenac) et au Bronze final sont attestées, mais également à l'époque gallo-romaine et du Moyen Age à nos jours., Joussaume Roger. Introduction. In: Gallia préhistoire, tome 41, 1999. pp. 167-193.