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Here, the unresolved question of why single‐chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) prepared from a weak polyelectrolyte (PE) precursor can be synthesized on a large is addresses, unlike SCNPs obtained from an equivalent neutral (nonamphiphilic) polymer precursor. The combination of the standard elastic single‐chain nanoparticles (ESN) model −developed for neutral chains− with the classical scaling theory of PE solutions provides the key. Essentially, the long‐range repulsion between electrostatic blobs in a weak PE precursor restricts the cross‐linking process during SCNPs formation to the interior of each blob. Consequently, the maximum concentration at which PE‐SCNPs can be prepared without interchain cross‐linking is not determined by the full size of the PE precursor but, instead, by the smaller size of its electrostatic blobs. Therefore, PE‐SCNPs can be synthesized up to a critical concentration where electrostatic blobs from different chains touch each other. This concentration can be 30 times higher than that for non‐PE polymer precursors. Upon progressive dilution, the size of PE‐SCNPs synthesized in concentrated solution increases until it reaches the bigger size of PE‐SCNPs prepared under highly diluted conditions. PE‐SCNPs do not adopt a globular conformation either in concentrated or in diluted solution. It shows that the main model predictions agree with experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D thin films, possessing atomically thin thickness, are emerging as promising candidates for next‐generation electronic devices, due to their novel properties and high performance. In the early years, a wide variety of 2D materials are prepared using several methods (mechanical/liquid exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, etc.). However, the limited size of 2D flakes hinders their fundamental research and device applications, and hence the effective large‐scale preparation of 2D films is still challenging. Recently, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has appeared to be an impactful method for wafer‐scale growth of 2D films, owing to target‐maintained stoichiometry, high growth rate, and efficiency. In this review, the recent advances on the PLD preparation of 2D films are summarized, including the growth mechanisms, strategies, and materials classification. First, efficacious strategies of PLD growth are highlighted. Then, the growth, characterization, and device applications of various 2D films are presented, such as graphene, h‐BN, MoS2, BP, oxide, perovskite, semi‐metal, etc. Finally, the potential challenges and further research directions of PLD technique is envisioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isoguanosine (isoG) is a natural structural isomer of guanosine (G) with significant potential for applications in ionophores, genetics, gel formation, and cancer therapy. However, the cost of commercially available isoG on a gram scale is relatively high. To date, a detailed method for the large‐scale preparation of high‐purity isoG has not been reported. This study presented a simple and convenient approach for the large‐scale synthesis of isoG through the diazotization of 2,6‐diaminopurine riboside with sodium nitrite and acetic acid at room temperature. Further, this method could synthesize isoG derivatives (2’‐fluoro‐isoguanosine (1) and 2’‐deoxy‐isoguanosine (2)) from 2,6‐diaminopurine nucleoside derivatives using diazotization. The structural information of natural and modified nucleosides is crucial for the modification and substitution of DNA/RNA. This study obtained the single‐crystal structure of isoG for the first time and analyzed it in detail using microcrystal electron diffraction. The three‐dimensional supramolecular structure of isoG adopted similarly base‐pair motifs from π‐π stacking interaction of diverse layers, intramolecular hydrogen bonding, and distinct hydrogen bonding interactions from sugar residues. This study has contributed to further isoG modification and its applications in medicinal chemistry and materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the work performed to transition a lab-scale synthesis (1 g) to a large-scale (400 g) synthesis of the 3-5-diamino-1H-Pyrazole Disperazol, a new pharmaceutical for treatment of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infections. The potentially hazardous diazotisation step in the lab-scale synthesis was transformed to a safe and easy-to-handle flow chemistry step. Additionally, the paper presents an OSHA-recommended safety assessment of active compound E, as performed by Fauske and Associates, LLC, Burr Ridge, IL, USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline extended structures featuring permanent porosity, assembled from metal ions and organic ligands, often synthesized by the solvothermal method (50–260 °C, 12–72 h). Here, an alternative synthetic approach—solvent‐induced structural rearrangement in ultrasound‐assisted synthesis is presented. Six representative Zn‐based MOFs, each composed of distinct secondary building units, are synthesized within 2–180 min consuming less solvent (>0.03 m) at room temperature. It is observed that ultrasonication induces the construction of a coordination network, and subsequent solvent exchange triggers structural rearrangement to yield MOFs of high crystallinity and porosity. Furthermore, the scalability of this method is demonstrated through the bulk synthesis of MOF‐5, MOF‐74, ZIF‐8, and MFU‐4l within 90 min. The initiation of nucleation through ultrasound and the subsequent transformation induced by solvent exchange offer an alternative method for efficiently synthesizing MOFs in bulk, potentially broadening their range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) are highly important in applications like H2 storage, catalysis/biocatalysis, adsorption, separation, and particularly in biomedical applications. The typical methods for producing MSPs are fast self‐assembly, soft and hard templating, and the modified Stöber method. These approaches have drawbacks like high cost, being time‐consuming, and low scale. Herein, as a novel strategy, a polymer‐derived ceramic method for large‐scale production of mesoporous and dense silica submicron particles with high yield and low cost is presented. This method requires commercial silicone resin, polydimethylsiloxane, as the main precursor of silica. However, this technique did not show high control over the size and surface area compared with the typical methods of MSPs synthesis but is definitely a significant step toward the large‐scale synthesis of MSPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing uniform covalent organic framework (COF) film on substrates for electronic devices is highly desirable. Here, a simple and mild strategy is developed to prepare them by polymerization on a solid‐liquid interface. The universality of the method is confirmed by the successful preparation of five COF films with different microstructures. These films have large lateral size, controllable thickness, and high crystalline quality. And COF patterns can also be directly achieved on substrates via hydrophilic and hydrophobic interface engineering, which is in favor of preparing device array. For application studies, the PyTTA‐TPA (PyTTA: 4,4′,4′′,4′′′‐(1,3,6,8‐Tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)pyrene and TPA: terephthalaldehyde) COF film has a high photoresponsivity of 59.79 μA W−1 at 420 nm for photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection. When employed as an active material for optoelectronic synaptic devices for the first attempt, it shows excellent light‐stimulated synaptic plasticity properties such as short‐term plasticity (STP), long‐term plasticity (LTP), and the conversion of STP to LTP, which can be used to simulate biological synaptic functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HgTe nanocrystals (NCs) possess advantages including tunable infrared absorption spectra, solution processability, and low fabrication costs, offering new avenues for the advancement of next‐generation infrared detectors. In spite of great synthetic advances, it remains essential to achieve customized synthesis of HgTe NCs in terms of industrial applications. Herein, by taking advantage of a high critical nucleation concentration of HgTe NCs, a continuous‐dropwise (CD) synthetic approach that features the addition of the anion precursors in a feasible drop‐by‐drop fashion is demonstrated. The slow reaction dynamics enable size‐customized synthesis of HgTe NCs with sharp band tails and wide absorption range fully covering the short‐ and mid‐infrared regions. More importantly, the intrinsic advantages of CD process ensure high‐uniformity and scale‐up synthesis from batch to batch without compromising the excitonic features. The resultant HgTe nanocrystal photodetectors show a high room‐temperature detectivity of 8.1 × 1011 Jones at 1.7 µm cutoff absorption edge. This CD approach verifies a robust method for controlled synthesis of HgTe NCs and might have important implications for scale‐up synthesis of other nanocrystal materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium whitlockite (Mg-WH) powders were synthesized with remarkable efficiency via the dissolution–precipitation method by employing an environmentally benign precursor, gypsum. Under optimized conditions, each 5.00 g of initial gypsum yielded an impressive amount of 3.00 g (89% yield) of Mg-WH in a single batch. Remarkably, no XRD peaks attributable to impurity phases were observed, indicating the single-phase nature of the sample. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of the PO43− and HPO42− groups in the obtained Mg-WH phase. The SEM-EDX results confirmed that Mg-WH crystals with homogeneous Ca, Mg, P, and O distributions were obtained. In previously published research papers, the synthesis of Mg-WH has been consistently described as a highly intricate process due to material formation within a narrow pH and temperature range. Our proposed synthesis method is particularly compelling as it eliminates the need for meticulous monitoring, presenting a notable improvement in the quest for a more convenient and efficient Mg-WH synthesis. The proposed procedure not only emphasizes the effectiveness of the process, but also highlights its potential to meet significant demands, providing a reliable solution for large-scale production needs in various promising applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dihydroquinazolinone (DHQZ) has recently been harnessed as a ketone‐derived pro‐aromatic reagent extensively employed in (metalla)photoredox reactions as versatile group transfer agents. In this work, we outline a column chromatography‐free protocol for the multigram‐scale synthesis of pro‐aromatic DHQZs as well as its use in a gram‐scale nickel/photoredox dual‐catalyzed cross‐coupling in single‐batch, photoflow, and simultaneous multiple smaller batches. While the single‐batch approach leveraged moderate yields, a simple plug‐flow photoreactor also exhibited amenable productivity (up to 45 % yield) despite the use of a heterogeneous base. Meanwhile, performing the metallaphotoredox‐catalyzed reaction in multiple smaller batches in an improvised photoreactor facilitated high yields of up to 59 % and good reproducibility, implying a convenient alternative in the absence of photoflow setups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the synthesis of N-{2-[4-(β-d-Glucopyranosyloxy)-2-methylphenyl]-1,1-dimethyl-2-oxoethyl}-3-methylthiophene-2-carboxamide (GPTC), a metabolite of the fungicide isofetamid. The authors describe the importance of certified reference materials (CRMs) for accurate analysis of toxic chemicals in food. They report a decagram-scale synthesis of GPTC to obtain a standard CRM for residue analysis in food. The synthesis involves several steps, including protection, amination, coupling, and glycosylation, resulting in the production of 25 grams of GPTC with a purity of 99.6%. The authors conclude that this synthetic approach can be used to establish a standard CRM for analyzing residues in food. [Extracted from the article]

Phytochemical‐conjugated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are believed to act as a bridge between nanotechnology and therapy. There is a significant need for green and mass production of such materials due to their extensive applications, especially in the biomedical sector. In this study, morin‐stabilized silver nanoparticles (morin/AgNPs) were synthesized on a massive scale using a one‐pot solid‐state technique. The reaction is achieved by ball milling of morin and silver nitrate powders at ambient temperature without any solvent or toxic reagent. The prepared morin/AgNPs exhibited a semi‐hexagonal shape and ranged in size from 21 to 43 nm. The x‐ray diffraction results elucidated the formation of highly crystalline AgNPs. Fourier transform infrared and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses prove that the hydroxyl, carbonyl, and aromatic functionalities in morin are playing major roles in the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. The antioxidant potential of morin/AgNPs was evaluated utilizing 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Morin/AgNPs exhibited better free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 11.7 μg/mL) than morin (IC50 = 14.8 μg/mL). Furthermore, the synthesized AgNPs showed promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans. The largest inhibition zones were observed against S. aureus (21.2 ± 0.6 mm) and K. pneumonia (20.3 ± 0.5 mm) bacteria. The foregoing results highlighted the prospective application of morin/AgNPs as a promising antioxidant and antimicrobial material for safe medical applications. Research Highlights: A simple green route for the large‐scale production of AgNPs was developed.Morin acts as reducing/stabilizing agent in solid‐state synthesis of AgNPs.Morin/AgNPs exhibited promising antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed dimensional van der Waals heterostructure based on layered two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) interfaced to gallium nitride (GaN) has attracted tremendous attention due to its unique properties and application in novel electronic, optoelectronic, and quantum devices. However, developing facile synthesis methods and insights into the exciton dynamics for this system still remains a major challenge. Here, a simple and cost-effective method is demonstrated for large-scale synthesis of monolayer MoS2 on differently doped GaN substrates. A mixed aqueous solution of Na2MoO4 and NaOH is spin-coated on GaN and sulfurated in one step by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). High quality monolayer MoS2 nanosheets with side length over 400 μm and surface coverage ratio of more than 90 % are achieved on GaN. Furthermore, the PL intensity, excitonic transition ratios and ultrafast exciton dynamics of MoS2 are observed to be largely modulated by the doping type of GaN, owing to substrate-induced doping, which is proved by Raman, PL and transient absorption spectroscopy. Notably, p-GaN can attract electrons from monolayer MoS2 and weaken its intrinsic n-doping, thereby facilitating higher PL intensity as well as longer exciton lifetime, while n-GaN provides strong n-doping and generates opposite effect. This work hereby presents a pathway for large-scale synthesis of MoS2/GaN heterostructures and further understanding of their charge transfer properties and exciton dynamics, which should inspire their applications for optoelectronic devices.

Mixed dimensional van der Waals heterostructure based on layered two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) interfaced to gallium nitride (GaN) has attracted tremendous attention due to its unique properties and application in novel electronic, optoelectronic, and quantum devices. However, developing facile synthesis methods and insights into the exciton dynamics for this system still remains a major challenge. Here, a simple and cost-effective method is demonstrated for large-scale synthesis of monolayer MoS2 on differently doped GaN substrates. A mixed aqueous solution of Na2MoO4 and NaOH is spin-coated on GaN and sulfurated in one step by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). High quality monolayer MoS2 nanosheets with side length over 400 μm and surface coverage ratio of more than 90 % are achieved on GaN. Furthermore, the PL intensity, excitonic transition ratios and ultrafast exciton dynamics of MoS2 are observed to be largely modulated by the doping type of GaN, owing to substrate-induced doping, which is proved by Raman, PL and transient absorption spectroscopy. Notably, p-GaN can attract electrons from monolayer MoS2 and weaken its intrinsic n-doping, thereby facilitating higher PL intensity as well as longer exciton lifetime, while n-GaN provides strong n-doping and generates opposite effect. This work hereby presents a pathway for large-scale synthesis of MoS2/GaN heterostructures and further understanding of their charge transfer properties and exciton dynamics, which should inspire their applications for optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the encouraging properties and research of 2D MoS2, an ongoing issue associated with the oxidative instability remains elusive for practical optoelectronic applications. Thus, in‐depth understanding of the oxidation behavior of large‐scale and homogeneous 2D MoS2 is imperative. Here the structural and chemical transformations of large‐area MoS2 multilayers by air‐annealing with altered temperature and time via combinatorial spectro‐microscopic analyses (Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy) are surveyed. The results gave indications pertaining to temperature‐ and time‐dependent oxidation effects: i) heat‐driven elimination of redundant residues, ii) internal strain stimulated by the formation of MoO bonds, iii) deterioration of the MoS2 crystallinity, iv) layer thinning, and v) morphological transformation from 2D MoS2 layers to particles. Photoelectrical characterization of the air‐annealed MoS2 is implemented to capture the link between the oxidation behavior of MoS2 multilayers and their photoelectrical properties. The photocurrent based on MoS2 air‐annealed at 200 °C is assessed to be 4.92 µA, which is 1.73 times higher than that of pristine MoS2 (2.84 µA). The diminution in the photocurrent of the photodetector based on MoS2 air‐annealed above 300 °C in terms of the structural, chemical, and electrical conversions induced by the oxidation process is further discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the work performed to transition a lab-scale synthesis (1 g) to a large-scale (400 g) synthesis of the 3-5-diamino-1H-Pyrazole Disperazol, a new pharmaceutical for treatment of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infections. The potentially hazardous diazotisation step in the lab-scale synthesis was transformed to a safe and easy-to-handle flow chemistry step. Additionally, the paper presents an OSHA-recommended safety assessment of active compound E, as performed by Fauske and Associates, LLC, Burr Ridge, IL, USA.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials have been comprehensively studied in recent decades because of their possible practical applications in diverse fields, including photocatalysis, energy storage, sensing and biomedicine. Numerous strategies have been reported on preparing TiO2 nanostructures with regulated sizes, shapes and surface ligands; however, developing a simple, eco-friendly, cost-effective and scalable procedure for the fabrication of TiO2 nanomaterials while controlling those properties is still challenging. Herein, titanium dioxide nanostructures, e-TiO2, are prepared using a scalable green electrochemical approach, in which Ti foils act as precursors. Electrolysis is carried out in an electrolyte solution containing only a surfactant in water. This approach reduces the use of toxic chemicals, and thus it is eco-friendly and cost-effective. Moreover, the electrochemical synthesis of colloidal e-TiO2 can be successfully scaled up to 5 L. Three cationic surfactants, tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPAB), tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), are employed as electrolytes to fabricate e-TiO2, resulting in the formation of three types of nanostructures: negatively charged e-TiO2/TPAB nanospheres, negatively charged e-TiO2/TBAB nano-ellipses and positively charged e-TiO2/CTAB nanorods. They are characterized to clarify the roles of surfactants in controlling sizes, shape and surface properties of e-TiO2 nanostructures. Dispersibility of three types of e-TiO2 is investigated in aqueous and nonpolar solvents. e-TiO2/TPAB and e-TiO2/TBAB are only well-dispersed in aqueous media. In particular, e-TiO2/CTAB can be dissolved in both kinds of solvents. Thanks to the unique rotatable property of the coating agent (CTAB), a "smart" TiO2 nanomaterial (e-TiO2/CTAB nanorod) has been fabricated, which can migrate from an aqueous medium to a nonpolar one and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

γ-InSe is a semiconductor that holds promising potential in high-performance field-effect transistors and optoelectronic devices. Large-scale, single-phase γ-InSe deposition has proven challenging because of the difficulty in precise control of stoichiometry and the coexistence of different indium selenide phases. In this study, we demonstrate the wafer-scale combinatorial approach to map out the growth window as functions of the Se/In ratio and growth temperature for γ-InSe on the Si(111) 7 × 7 substrate in molecular beam epitaxy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the indium selenide phases, while atomic force microscopy revealed four distinct surface morphologies of γ-InSe, enabling a discussion of the growth mechanisms associated with each morphology. Cross-sectional atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the film was of high crystalline quality and had nearly single-phase γ-InSe. Our comprehensive study elucidates the In–Se phase map for thin film growth parameters, providing invaluable landmarks for the reproducible synthesis of high-quality γ-InSe layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence and fast development of carbon dots (CDs) provide an unprecedented opportunity for applications in the field of photoelectricity, but their practicability still suffers from complicated synthesis procedures and the substrate dependence of solid-state fluorescence. In this study, we design a unique microwave-assisted solid-phase synthesis route for preparing tunable fluorescent CD powders with yellow, orange, and red fluorescence (Y-CDs, O-CDs, R-CDs) by simply adjusting the mass ratio of reactants, a method which is suitable for the large-scale synthesis of CDs. The Y-/O-/R-CDs were systematically characterized using physics and spectroscopy techniques. Based on the perfect solid-state fluorescence performance of the proposed fluorescent CD powders, the Y-/O-/R-CDs were successfully applied for the construction of multi-color and white light-emitting diode devices at low cost. Furthermore, the Y-CDs displayed much higher yield and luminous efficiency than the O-CDs and R-CDs and were further used for fingerprint identification on the surfaces of glass sheets and tinfoil. In addition, the R-CD aqueous solution fluorescence is sensitive to pH, suggesting its use as a pH indicator for monitoring intracellular pH fluctuations. The proposed series of fluorescent powders composed of CDs may herald a new era in the application of optical components and criminal investigation fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving scalable synthesis of nanoscale transition‐metal carbides (TMCs), regarded as substitutes for platinum‐group noble metals, remains an ongoing challenge. Herein, a 100‐g scale synthesis of single‐phased cobalt carbide (Co2C) through carburization of Co‐based Prussian Blue Analog (Co‐PBA) is reported in CO2/H2 atmosphere under mild conditions (230 °C, ambient pressure). Textural property investigations indicate a successful preparation of orthorhombic‐phased Co2C nanomaterials with Pt‐group–like electronic properties. As a demonstration, Co2C achieves landmark photo‐assisted thermal catalytic CO2 conversion rates with photo‐switched product selectivity, which far exceeds the representative Pt‐group‐metal–based catalysts. This impressive result is attributed to the excellent activation of reactants, colorific light absorption, and photo‐to‐thermal conversion capacities. In addition to CO2 hydrogenation, the versatile Co2C materials show huge prospects in antibacterial therapy, interfacial water evaporation, electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction, and battery technologies. This study paves the way toward unlocking the potential of multi‐functional Co2C nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous organic polymers (POPs) with high porosity and tunable functionalities have been widely studied for use in gas separation, catalysis, energy conversion and energy storage. However, the high cost of organic monomers, and the use of toxic solvents and high temperatures during synthesis pose obstacles for large‐scale production. Herein, we report the synthesis of imine and aminal‐linked POPs using inexpensive diamine and dialdehyde monomers in green solvents. Theoretical calculations and control experiments show that using meta‐diamines is crucial for forming aminal linkages and branching porous networks from [2+2] polycondensation reactions. The method demonstrates good generality in that 6 POPs were successfully synthesized from different monomers. Additionally, we scaled up the synthesis in ethanol at room temperature, resulting in the production of POPs in sub‐kilogram quantities at a relatively low cost. Proof‐of‐concept studies demonstrate that the POPs can be used as high‐performance sorbents for CO2 separation and as porous substrates for efficient heterogeneous catalysis. This method provides an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective approach for large‐scale synthesis of various POPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium whitlockite (Mg-WH) powders were synthesized with remarkable efficiency via the dissolution–precipitation method by employing an environmentally benign precursor, gypsum. Under optimized conditions, each 5.00 g of initial gypsum yielded an impressive amount of 3.00 g (89% yield) of Mg-WH in a single batch. Remarkably, no XRD peaks attributable to impurity phases were observed, indicating the single-phase nature of the sample. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of the PO43− and HPO42− groups in the obtained Mg-WH phase. The SEM-EDX results confirmed that Mg-WH crystals with homogeneous Ca, Mg, P, and O distributions were obtained. In previously published research papers, the synthesis of Mg-WH has been consistently described as a highly intricate process due to material formation within a narrow pH and temperature range. Our proposed synthesis method is particularly compelling as it eliminates the need for meticulous monitoring, presenting a notable improvement in the quest for a more convenient and efficient Mg-WH synthesis. The proposed procedure not only emphasizes the effectiveness of the process, but also highlights its potential to meet significant demands, providing a reliable solution for large-scale production needs in various promising applications.

2D III-VI semiconductors have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic devices due to their tunable bandgaps, efficient light absorption and high carrier mobility. Among III-VI group, 2D indium telluride (InTe) has been studied very little compared with its well-known congeners such as InSe and GaSe. Although InTe possesses remarkable electrical and optical properties, the investigation of its device applications is greatly hindered due to the shortage of scalable synthesis method. Here, we synthesized centimeter-scale 2D InTe films via a pulsed laser deposition method. The structure of as-grown InTe films was systematically studied, exhibiting good continuity, uniformity and high degree of crystallinity. Meanwhile, layer-dependent bandgaps (1.21∼1.65 eV) were observed from the optical characterization. The InTe based photodetectors show a broadband photoresponse from ultraviolet (370 nm) to near-infrared region (980 nm). The photoresponsivity and detectivity of the InTe photodetectors can achieve 6.35 A/W and 1.55×1011 under 370 nm illumination, respectively, which outperform many photodetectors based on large-area 2D materials. Notably, InTe photodetectors also demonstrate strong layer-dependent photoresponse from 2 L to 10 L upon different wavelength illumination. Our work will inspire the research interests to further develop the practical applications of 2D InTe in the field of photodetection devices.

Abstract Achieving scalable synthesis of nanoscale transition‐metal carbides (TMCs), regarded as substitutes for platinum‐group noble metals, remains an ongoing challenge. Herein, a 100‐g scale synthesis of single‐phased cobalt carbide (Co2C) through carburization of Co‐based Prussian Blue Analog (Co‐PBA) is reported in CO2/H2 atmosphere under mild conditions (230 °C, ambient pressure). Textural property investigations indicate a successful preparation of orthorhombic‐phased Co2C nanomaterials with Pt‐group–like electronic properties. As a demonstration, Co2C achieves landmark photo‐assisted thermal catalytic CO2 conversion rates with photo‐switched product selectivity, which far exceeds the representative Pt‐group‐metal–based catalysts. This impressive result is attributed to the excellent activation of reactants, colorific light absorption, and photo‐to‐thermal conversion capacities. In addition to CO2 hydrogenation, the versatile Co2C materials show huge prospects in antibacterial therapy, interfacial water evaporation, electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction, and battery technologies. This study paves the way toward unlocking the potential of multi‐functional Co2C nanomaterials.

Colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have risen rapidly in luminescence efficiency and color purity. However, their high performance requires careful and complex pre‐treatment of precursors and precise regulation of the reaction atmosphere; otherwise, their emission will be weak and broad. To overcome these limitations, we develop a facile ligand exchange method using a new type of bidentate ligand, which is obtained by reacting cheap sulfur with tributylphosphine (S‐TBP). During ligand exchange, the double bond between P and S atoms breaks and a single bond is formed between them, after which S‐TBP switches into a bidentate ligand and binds to a perovskite NC at two points. With short‐chain S‐TBP ligands that have high spatial position resistance, both NC spacing and surface ligand density can be reduced, thereby improving carrier injection and transport. On the NC surface after ligand exchange, halogen vacancies were substantially filled, leading to a PbSP (Pb, S, and P elements) component‐dominated shell that greatly decreases trap density and enhances material stability. The resulting perovskite NCs are stable and bright with a photoluminescence quantum yield of ≈96 %, and an external quantum efficiency of 22 %. Note that our ligand‐exchange strategy remains effective even when scaling up, which should accelerate commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of porous crystalline polymers with well‐defined structures and tunable functionalities, which have fascinating applications in a wide range of fields. However, the synthetic procedures of COFs are mainly confined to the solvothermal synthesis method which usually requires harsh experimental conditions. In this work, an effective solvent‐free synthesis method to construct a series of two‐dimensional (2D) COFs including imine‐linked, azine‐linked, β‐ketoenamine‐linked, which avoids the complicated solvent screening process and most of the disadvantages of solvothermal methods is developed. The crystallinity and porosity of these COFs are comparable to those prepared by traditional solvothermal routes. What's more, the advantages of the solvent‐free method enable the production of gram‐scale of those 2D COFs through a one‐pot reaction, demonstrating high industrial application potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (2D MOFs), as a new type of 2D materials, have been widely applied in various applications because of their unique structures and exposed active sites. Herein, we reported two low-cost 2D MOFs constructed by a raw chemical succinic acid (SA), M-SA (M = Ni or Co), which served as efficient photocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 to CO. Taking advantage of the thinness and open metal sites, the ultrathin Ni-SA nanosheets (ca. 3.6 nm) exhibited excellent CO production of 6.96(7) mmol·g−1h−1 and CO selectivity of 96.6%. Photoelectrochemical tests and theoretical calculations further confirmed the higher charge transfer efficiency and unsaturated metal sites for promoting photocatalytic performances. More importantly, Ni-SA can also be synthesized in large-scale by an energy-saving method under room temperature, strongly suggesting its promising future and potential for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising due to their high theoretical energy density and intrinsic safety, and the natural abundance of Zn. Since low voltage is an intrinsic shortage of AZIBs, achieving super‐high capacity of cathode materials is a vital way to realize high practical energy density, which however remains a huge challenge. Herein, the capacity increase of classical vanadium oxide cathode is predicted via designing atomic thickness of 2D structure to introduce abundant Zn2+ storage sites based on density functional theory (DFT) calculation; then graphene‐analogous V2O5·nH2O (GAVOH) with only few atomic layers is fabricated, realizing a record capacity of 714 mAh g−1. Pseudocapacitive effect is unveiled to mainly contribute to the super‐high capacity due to the highly exposed GAVOH external surface. In situ Raman and synchrotron X‐ray techniques unambiguously uncover the Zn2+ storage mechanism. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are further introduced to design GAVOH‐CNTs gel ink for large‐scale cathode fabrication. The hybrid cathode demonstrates ultra‐stable cycling and excellent rate capability and delivers a high energy density of 476 Wh kg−1 at 76 W kg−1; 228 Wh kg−1 is still retained at high mass loading of 10.2 mg cm−2. This work provides inspiration for breaking the capacity limit of cathode in AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve a high color‐rendering index (CRI) and low correlated color temperature (CCT) indoor lighting, single‐component phosphors with broad‐band dual emission are in high demand for white‐light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). However, phosphors with such fluorescent properties are rare at present. Herein, we report a facile solid‐state chemical method for the synthesis of single‐component phosphor with broad‐band emission and a large Stokes shift that can meet the requirements of future white‐light sources. These new tetrabutylammonium copper halides phosphors have excellent warm white emission characteristics, and their luminescence peaks are located at 494 and 654 nm. The optimized photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield can reach 93.7 %. The typical CIE coordinate of the as‐fabricated WLED is at (0.3620, 0.3731) with a CRI of 89 and low CCT of 4516 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the highly cited paper by Purcell postulating the "Scallop theorem" almost 50 years ago, asymmetry is an unavoidable part of micromotors. It is frequently induced by self‐shadowing or self‐masking, resulting in so‐called Janus colloids. This strategy works very reliably, but turns into a bottleneck once up‐scaling becomes important. Herein, existing alternatives are discussed and a novel synthetic pathway yielding active swimmers in a one‐pot synthesis is presented. To understand the resulting mobility from a single material, the geometric asymmetry is evaluated using a python based algorithm and this process is automated in an open access tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the highly cited paper by Purcell postulating the “Scallop theorem” almost 50 years ago, asymmetry is an unavoidable part of micromotors. It is frequently induced by self‐shadowing or self‐masking, resulting in so‐called Janus colloids. This strategy works very reliably, but turns into a bottleneck once up‐scaling becomes important. Herein, existing alternatives are discussed and a novel synthetic pathway yielding active swimmers in a one‐pot synthesis is presented. To understand the resulting mobility from a single material, the geometric asymmetry is evaluated using a python based algorithm and this process is automated in an open access tool.

We report nanorod motors made of gold (Au) and rhodium oxide (Rh2O3) that move in UV and visible light (purple, blue, green, or red). These nanorods are synthesized in large quantities (109/batch) by template-assisted electrodeposition, followed by annealing, and are uniformly distributed and resist strong acids or bases. Rh2O3 forms a heterojunction with Au so that a Rh2O3–Au nanorod moves toward Au under visible light via self-electrophoresis. Its speed increases with light intensities and fuel [e.g., hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)] concentrations, reaching 28.5 μm/s in 10% H2O2 under 365 nm light of 320 mW/cm2. These nanorod motors also form dynamic and reversible clusters under light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence and fast development of carbon dots (CDs) provide an unprecedented opportunity for applications in the field of photoelectricity, but their practicability still suffers from complicated synthesis procedures and the substrate dependence of solid-state fluorescence. In this study, we design a unique microwave-assisted solid-phase synthesis route for preparing tunable fluorescent CD powders with yellow, orange, and red fluorescence (Y-CDs, O-CDs, R-CDs) by simply adjusting the mass ratio of reactants, a method which is suitable for the large-scale synthesis of CDs. The Y-/O-/R-CDs were systematically characterized using physics and spectroscopy techniques. Based on the perfect solid-state fluorescence performance of the proposed fluorescent CD powders, the Y-/O-/R-CDs were successfully applied for the construction of multi-color and white light-emitting diode devices at low cost. Furthermore, the Y-CDs displayed much higher yield and luminous efficiency than the O-CDs and R-CDs and were further used for fingerprint identification on the surfaces of glass sheets and tinfoil. In addition, the R-CD aqueous solution fluorescence is sensitive to pH, suggesting its use as a pH indicator for monitoring intracellular pH fluctuations. The proposed series of fluorescent powders composed of CDs may herald a new era in the application of optical components and criminal investigation fields.

Developing non‐noble metal catalysts with high efficiency and stability is critical for the industrial application of electrocatalytic water splitting. Herein, FeNi nanoalloys‐layered porous N‐doped carbon nanosheets (FeNi‐NCS) were large‐scale synthesized by simple formamide pyrolysis method. The framework of FeNi‐NCS was a micro‐flowerlike structure composed of mesoporous N‐doped carbon nanosheets as petals, on which FeNi nanoalloy particles were uniformly dispersed. Benefiting from the unique N doping electronic modification, hierarchically porous structure, and the synergetic effect between Fe and Ni, the FeNi‐NCS exhibited high intrinsic activity and robust structure which can improve catalytic performance significantly. By tuning the pyrolysis temperature and the molar ratio of Fe and Ni, the Fe1Ni1‐NCS‐900 displayed optimal activity and stability for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and required 261 and 310 mV overpotential to achieve 10 mA cm−2 respectively. This work presented a simple and effective way to fabricate high‐performance and stable non‐noble metal electrocatalysts for water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract As a new member in two-dimensional materials family, transition metal carbides (TMCs) have many excellent properties, such as chemical stability, in-plane anisotropy, high conductivity and flexibility, and remarkable energy conversation efficiency, which predispose them for promising applications as transparent electrode, flexible electronics, broadband photodetectors and battery electrodes. However, up to now, their device applications are in the early stage, especially because their controllable synthesis is still a great challenge. This review systematically summarized the state-of-the-art research in this rapidly developing field with particular focus on structure, property, synthesis and applicability of TMCs. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are outlined for the application of 2D TMCs.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are now receiving incremental attention because of their inherent security and reduced cost of metal zinc. As one type of promising cathode candidates for AZIBs, V 2 O 3 -based materials have been widely investigated due to the special tunnel structure and high energy density. Nevertheless, the wide application of V 2 O 3 -based materials is still limited by the weak reaction kinetics, inferior cycling stability as well as unsatisfying strategies for large-scale synthesis. Herein, we designed and synthesized V 2 O 3 /carbon composite with V 2 O 3 coated with a thin carbon layer (denoted as B–V 2 O 3 @C) via a facile ball-milling route as cathode material for AZIBs. Benefiting from the desirable structural and process features, the bottlenecks above can be effectively addressed. As a result, the as-synthesized B–V 2 O 3 @C delivers a considerable reversible capacity (as high as 430 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1) and enhanced cycling stability (84 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles at 5000 mA g−1), which are much superior than the those of the commercial V 2 O 3 (C–V 2 O 3). Besides, the Zn-storage mechanism and application in full battery based on B–V 2 O 3 @C were successively investigated. This work might contribute to the possible large scale application of high-performance V 2 O 3 -based cathode materials for AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple, large-scale synthesis of metal single-atom catalysts (SACs) is limited by the aggregation of metal atoms on the support material surface. The N atoms in small organic ligands (SOLs) can anchor single metal atoms, affording abundant surface-active sites. In this study, we investigated the effect of the nitrogen/carbon ratio (N/C) in SOLs on the properties of the resultant Ni single-atom confined nitrogen-doped carbon black (Ni-NCB). The N/C ratio affected the thermal stability of Ni-NCB_N/Cs during carbonization, and the optimal Ni-NCB (Ni-NCB_0.5) was synthesized with the SOL 2-methylimidazole. Ni-NCB_0.5 achieved a CO partial current density of > 500 mA cm–2 and high CO Faradaic efficiency (96.4 %) in the CO 2 reduction reaction. The 3- and 4-cell stack systems with Ni-NCB_0.5 (25 cm2 area per unit cell) exhibited an overall current of 10 A, high CO selectivity (> 96.0 %), and long-term stability (50 h). This synthetic strategy for SACs can be commercialized and even extended to other industrial electrocatalysts. [Display omitted] • N/C of organic ligands is one of key factors to control amount of N detect in support • A significant correlation existed between the N and Ni content in SACs • Optimal Ni-NCB (N/C = 0.5) possessed abundant atomic active sites. • Cell stacks with Ni-SAC_0.5 showed 40 A CO production and 50 h stability in CO 2 RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Pre-designed structures and tailor-made functions make covalent organic frameworks (COFs) quickly become promising reticular platforms for multidisciplinary fields. Despite the overarching success, controllable and large-scale synthesis of COFs is still a huge challenge. Moreover, the relationship between the structure and performance of COFs in various fields has not been well understood, seriously limiting their practical applications. In this review, we provide an insightful and fundamental understanding of COFs from structural perspectives, and correlate them with eventual performance in practical applications. By summarizing both the top-down and bottom-up approaches, we address how typical issues, such as the size, morphology, dispersity and stability of COFs, are resolved, which should be crucial for their function-oriented and large-scale production. Structural and physicochemical properties, such as pores, ligands, stacking, linkages, functional group, morphology, crystallinity, dimensionality and wetting, are also discussed in relation to various functions. In addition, in-depth discussions regarding the correlations between structural characteristics of COFs and their performance in catalysis, energy storage, gas/liquid adsorption and membrane separation are presented. Finally, perspectives for the future direction of this field are proposed, to provide useful guidance for the function-oriented design and scalable production of COFs to meet the practical requirements of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A concise and efficient method for the large-scale total synthesis of oxyphyllacinol (1) has been achieved in six steps with an overall yield of 46%. Simultaneously, yakuchione-A (11) was obtained in a satisfactory yield (52%) during the process. By employing a Weinreb amide (6) as the key masonry block, yakuchione-B (13) was also constructed in a great overall yield (56%) and high purity. To overcome the challenges regarding the practical scale, high purity, and reproducibility, the synthetic route that was processed takes advantage of available materials, conventional reactions, and convenient purification methods without using column chromatography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although photocatalysis has been proved to be a promising technology in solving various environmental problems, the preparation of visible light-driven photocatalysts on a large scale in a simple and sustainable manner still remains a technical challenge. Here, we demonstrate a simple one-pot method for the large-scale synthesis of a novel Bi2O3/TiO2 visible light-driven photocatalyst by coupling low-cost TiO2 with strong visible-light absorption of Bi2O3. The as-synthesized Bi2O3/TiO2 photocatalyst exhibits efficient charge separation due to the formation of a p–n heterojunction. Additionally, the porous nanostructure of Bi2O3/TiO2 provides high surface area and abundant active sites, realizing the complete degradation (100%) of tetracyclines under visible light (λ > 420 nm), which successfully breaks through the bottleneck of incomplete degradation of tetracyclines under visible light irradiation for most of the reported photocatalysts. Notably, since our method is based on the one-pot synthesis without any pretreatment procedure for the precursors of Bi2O3 and TiO2, it is very suitable for the development of large-scale synthesis by using a big reactor, producing up to 23.9 g of Bi2O3/TiO2 nanocatalyst in a single synthesis, which indicates its considerable potential for further scale-up production. Therefore, this study opens a new window for the large-scale synthesis of other visible light-driven photocatalysts with excellent photocatalytic performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid synthesis of crystalline covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) and exploration of the polymerization mechanism are highly desired for the research of crystalline porous polymers, but have not yet been reported. Herein, we demonstrate a scalable microwave‐assisted synthetic strategy to successfully prepare a series of highly crystalline and semiconducting CTFs within 20 minutes for the first time. By in situ imaging and time‐dependent characterization, we proposed an ordered two‐dimensional (2D) polymerization mechanism for crystalline CTFs, in which the monomers rapidly polymerize into periodic 2D molecular sheets within 10 s and then grow into more ordered framework structures. Photocatalytic study of CTF with different crystallinity revealed that large crystalline domain could significantly improve the photocatalytic performance. Single‐layer and few‐layer crystalline 2D triazine polymer nanosheets could be obtained through simple ball‐milling exfoliation of the bulk layered CTFs and exhibit nearly fivefold improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate up to 7971 μmol g−1 h−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new, mild and efficient protocol for the synthesis of trifluoromethyl(indolyl)phenylmethanols by the reaction of indoles with a variety of aromatic fluoromethyl ketones in the presence of K2CO3 (15 mol %) and n-Bu4PBr (15 mol %) in water. The desired products were obtained in good to excellent yields without requiring a column chromatographic purification. The reusability of the catalytic system and large-scale synthesis of indolyl(phenyl)methanols, which would further transform into biological active indole-derived compounds, are further advantages of this protocol.

Despite the advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) and portable devices, the development of zero-biased sensing systems for the dual detection of light and gases remains a challenge. As an emerging technology, direct energy conversion driven by intriguing physical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials can be realized in nanodevices or a zero-biased integrated system. In this study, we unprecedentedly attempted to exploit the photostimulated pyrothermoelectric coupling of two-dimensional SnSe for use in zero-biased multimodal transducers for the dual detection of light and gases. We synthesized homogeneous, large-area 6 in SnSe multilayers via a rational synthetic route based on the thermal decomposition of a solution-processed single-source precursor. Zero-biased SnSe transducers for the dual monitoring of light and gases were realized by exploiting the synergistic coupling of the photostimulated pyroelectric and thermoelectric effects of SnSe. The extracted photoresponsivity at 532 nm and NO 2 gas responsivity of the SnSe-based transducers corresponded to 1.07 × 10 -6 A/W and 13263.6% at 0 V, respectively. To bring universal applicability of the zero-biased SnSe transducers, the wide operation bandwidth photoelectrical properties (visible to NIR) and dynamic current responses toward two NO 2 /NH 3 gases were systematically evaluated.

Graphene has great potential in the application as supercapacitor electrode materials owing to its unique properties. However, it is challenging to find a facile and cost‐efficient method using cheap raw materials for large‐scale synthesis. Herein, a simple method is demonstrated for converting printing paper to graphene via one‐step pyrolysis followed by washing. Various characterizations are used to analyze the obtained samples, revealing the typical graphene feature of the products. The sample obtained at 900 °C (denoted as G‐900) shows a specific surface area of 514 m2 g−1 with a 50% mesopore volume. The symmetric supercapacitor using G‐900 as an active electrode material gives rise to an ultrahigh power density of 49 kW kg−1 at a high current density of 10 A g−1, along with a great specific capacitance of 164.4 F g−1. The capacitance retention ratio is as high as 93% after cycling for 4000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. As hundreds of million tons of paper are used annually, converting the waste paper to graphene is a scalable way for practical applications, associated with the facile conversion procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly efficient lead halide perovskites with tunable emission performance have become new candidate materials for light‐emitting devices and displays; however, the toxicity of lead and instability of halide perovskites greatly limits their application. Herein, rapid and large‐scale synthesis of highly emissive organic–inorganic manganese halide perovskites, (C5H6N)2MnBr4 and C5H6NMnCl3, are presented by a one‐pot solution‐based method, of which (C5H6N)2MnBr4 displays a high absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (95%) in the solid‐state. The developed (C5H6N)2MnBr4 perovskite noticeably exhibits high stability. Therefore both as‐synthesized green and red emissive manganese‐based phosphors with superior optical properties are used to fabricate blue light pumped white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs), displaying excellent quality white light with a high color rendering index value of 91 and a correlated color temperature of 5331 K. This study not only presents the robust large‐scale production synthetic approach for organic–inorganic manganese halide perovskites, but also facilitates the development of high‐performance phosphors for future lighting and display technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]