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This article analyzes the evolution of women's participation in Peruvian sports journalism over the past decade, focusing on how female sports journalists perceive their own development and the changes within this professional field. The main objective is to examine, from the participants' perspectives, the progress and challenges in gender equality within this profession. A qualitative methodology was employed, conducting in-depth interviews with eight sports journalists selected based on their career trajectory, recognition in the field, and continued relevance in the professional environment over the past ten years. The results reveal a significant increase in female representation and greater awareness regarding gender equality, although barriers related to discrimination and gender stereotypes persist. The most relevant finding indicates that, despite the challenges, there is a growing appreciation for women's contributions to sports journalism, along with a gradual shift in media representation towards greater equity and diversity. It is concluded that promoting gender inclusion and diversity policies in sports media remains crucial to consolidating these advances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barbara Bergmann's exploration of gender issues, especially the intra-house division of labor and marriage theory, was a central focus in early feminist economics (1970–1980s). Trained in mathematics and economics, she initially examined race and gender-based occupational segregation. Her scrutiny of gender inequality in the labor market led her to investigate resource distribution within families and spousal labor division, rejecting Becker's New Home Economics. This paper has a twofold aim: First, showcasing Bergmann's impact on intra-house power dynamics, primarily critiquing Becker's neoclassical approach; second, revealing her feminist agenda through lesser-known materials, whether unpublished or in the popular press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pay gaps for women and minorities have persisted after accounting for observable differences. Recently, a dozen US states have banned employer access to salary histories. We analyze the effects of these salary history bans (SHBs) on private employer wage posting and pay. We develop a theoretical model of firms' choices between posting wages and bargaining, drawing out the implications of SHBs on wages for different groups of jobs. We then implement a comprehensive analysis in a difference-in-differences design, using Burning Glass job posting data in the US and the Current Population Survey. The results show that following SHBs, private employers posted wages more often and increased pay for job changers, particularly for women (6.2%) and non-whites (5.8%). The results imply that when employers can access applicants' salary histories while bargaining over wages, they can take advantage of past inequities, perpetuating inequality. There is also no evidence of adverse selection of workers overall or adverse employer reactions in the short run. Bargaining behavior and the use of salary histories appear to account for much of the difference in pay between disadvantaged job changers and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The intersection of age with ethnicity is understudied, particularly for labor force outcomes. We explore the labor market for Hispanic high school graduates in the United States by age using information from the US Census, American Community Survey, Current Population Survey, and three laboratory experiments with different populations. We find that the differences in outcomes for Hispanic and non-Hispanic high school graduates do not change across the lifecycle. Moving to a laboratory setting, we provided participants with randomized resumes for a clerical position that are, on average, equivalent except for name and age. In all experiments, participants treated applicants with Hispanic and non-Hispanic names the same across the lifecycle. These findings are in stark contrast to the differences and patterns across the lifecycle for corresponding Black workers and job applicants. We argue that these null results may explain the much smaller literature on labor market discrimination against less-educated Hispanic workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guaranteeing rights and freedoms for citizens and forming new, equal relations in society are currently one of the main directions of our state’s activity. Because equality is one of those fundamental values that must be enshrined in legislation and implemented in practice in a state that is declared legal, social, and democratic. The purpose of the article is to consider the issue of ensuring equality of rights and opportunities and their impact on a person’s ability to work in today’s realities. After all, in practice in the field of labor there are many cases of violation of the principle of equality, when employees are actually deprived of the opportunity to protect their rights in case of illegal refusal to accept employment and in case of dismissal due to the fact that employers do not provide an official refusal indicating the valid reasons for refusal work or try to formulate the reasons for dismissal at the employee’s own will or with the consent of the parties, which causes concern in view of their massiveness, especially today, when the country is in a state of war against the Russian aggressor. Summarizing the conducted research, it is stated that today Ukraine is already on the way to ensure equal rights of workers and implementation of norms, principles and provisions enshrined in international legal acts in the field under consideration. This is evidenced by the adoption of legislative acts, which will contribute to bringing domestic legislation into compliance with the legislation of the European Union, the practice of the International Labor Organization and will have a positive impact on the market environment. At the same time, it was noted that during the reform of domestic labor legislation, in particular, it is necessary to prevent the narrowing of the existing rights and guarantees of employees, to provide legal instruments that will contribute to the implementation of the principle of equality in the field of labor, in particular, the equality of regulation of the status of subjects of labor law, equal protection labor rights and interests of employees and employers, equality of subjects of labor law when labor relations arise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Direitos Fundamentais & Democracia is the property of Revista de Direitos Fundamentais & Democracia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: It should be an organizational commitment to ensure that both men and women have equal access to employment opportunities without experiencing or feeling any form of workplace discrimination. Nations like Colombia, with the support of institutions such as the International Labour Organization (ILO), have worked diligently on formulating policies to eliminate discrimination worldwide and provide equal opportunities in the workplace for all individuals, regardless of their religious beliefs, political ideology, skin color, sexual orientation, or origin, among other factors. Objective: To analyze how processes of discrimination can impact the generation of decent work for all individuals. Materials and Methods: To achieve the research objectives, both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed under a descriptive approach with correlational statistical analysis. Results: It can be established that the establishment of decent and dignified work for individuals is reflected when there is no workplace discrimination. This reflects the organization's interest in viewing individuals as fundamental elements for organizational development and competitiveness. Conclusions: Today, no society is free from any action related to discrimination. In light of this, it is important to emphasize that workplace discrimination is a phenomenon that is not local or national but universal in nature and constantly evolving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article identifies processes of gender-based labor discrimination in the Peruvian tourism sector, we analyze the determinants of the gender wage gap between men and women in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the National Household Survey between 2018-2021 and the methodology of decomposition of wage gaps by quantiles proposed by Machado and Mata (2005), which includes a correction for selection bias in the labor participation of men and women in the tourism sector (Buckinsky, 1998; Albrech et al., 2009). The wage gap was decomposed into differences in job characteristics (education, experience) and differences in the returns to such characteristics. The results show that the wage gap is unfavorable to women and is mainly explained by differences in returns, mainly in the lower quantiles of the wage distribution. Labor discrimination processes against women in tourism would have increased during the pandemic, in particular the sticky floor effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Venezolana de Gerencia (RVG) is the property of Revista de Filosofia-Universidad del Zulia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article investigates how mothers' and fathers' daily time use changed across social classes from 1990 to 2013 in Germany. In the 2000s, Germany's adherence to the male breadwinner model was eroded by labor and family policy reforms typical of the adult worker model, which assumes individual self-sufficiency. The implications for gender and class inequality have been heatedly discussed. Drawing on the German Time Use Survey, I find that gender equality in the division of labor is greatest among full-time dual-earner couples with standard schedules. The prevalence of this pattern increased among the middle- and upper-class in historically conservative western Germany, but declined across classes in formerly socialist eastern Germany. In parallel, nonstandard work patterns and dual-joblessness gained in importance among lower-class couples, particularly in eastern Germany. I conclude that the adult worker model benefited mothers with access to standard full-time jobs but at the cost of greater class polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the research paper is to identify the problems that arise in mothers with preschool children in the field of labor relations, based on the data of an empirical sociological study conducted among representatives of this socio-demographic group. Women with preschool children have problems both at the stage of employment and dismissal, and in the process of conducting labor activity. In addition, it was found that the main problems relate not only the labor sphere and are associated with restrictions in connection with the need to combine employment and family responsibilities for raising and caring for children. Russian women who are engaged in labor activity and have children of preschool age assess the level of effectiveness of the social policy implemented in Russia as insufficient.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a sudden and deep recession contributing, among other things, to a sharp rise in unemployment. The article addresses changes in the labor markets of the Visegrad countries (Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia), covering the period 2018–2021. It attempts to answer the questions: how deep a slump was caused by the pandemic in these markets, how flexible forms of employment responded to it, and whether there were discriminatory phenomena (decline in employment and increase in unemployment in the most vulnerable groups in the labor market). The analysis was based on quarterly data published by Eurostat on the size and structure of the employed and unemployed population. The results of the compilations indicate a relatively small deepening of imbalances in the labor markets of the analyzed countries, a differentiated reaction of flexible forms of employment (depending on the form of employment), which was in line with expectations (they were used as a business cycle buffer). In most of the V4 countries, women were relatively less likely to lose their jobs than men during the pandemic. In a few cases, a relatively stronger decline in employment (increase in unemployment) affected young people, people aged 55–64, and people with the lowest education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a correspondence study, this paper investigates whether employers discriminate job applicants based on their living conditions. Exploiting the natural setting provided by a Rapid Re-housing Program, we sent 1347 job applications for low-qualified front-desk jobs in Brno, Czech Republic. The resumes exogenously differed in only one main aspect represented by the address of the applicants, signaling both the quality of the neighborhood and the quality of the housing conditions in which they were living. We found that while the higher quality of the district has a strong effect in increasing the hiring chances (+20%) the actual improvement of the living conditions standards, per se, does not generate any significant positive effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This educational note provides an example of how to teach students about the economic way of thinking with invisible-hand stories. By making use of the well-known narrative of Jackie Robinson breaking Major League Baseball's color barrier, we encourage students to consider how capitalism and free markets worked with Robinson in bringing about this outcome. This curriculum builds upon Robinson's courageous actions, and the note illustrates the exceptionally high costs borne by those unwilling to employ the most productive workers. Teaching suggestions are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent socioeconomic inequalities in a society reduce the chances of employment for its weaker sections. In India, those most affected by inequality and discrimination are women, people of lower castes, rural households and illiterate people. This necessitates an analysis of the levels of discrimination and favoritism working against female, lower caste, rural and illiterate individuals in different manufacturing industries. This study presents an in-depth picture of employment in each industry with regard to the four variables selected — gender, caste, location and education. Fourth (2013–2014) and fifth (2015–2016) annual Employment and Unemployment Surveys have been used for the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students of American political development (APD) have long been interested in questions related to the development of "state capacity" in the United States. The apparent macro-level nature of those questions may appear to discourage the pursuit of micro-level causal inferences. Yet attention to causal inference is not necessarily incompatible with inquiry into macro-level phenomena. This article explores the application of a specific causal inference strategy, namely regression discontinuity design (RDD), to three questions of interest to APD scholars of state capacity. First, the article illustrates the use of a geographic RDD to estimate the causal impacts of a Reconstruction-era federal civil rights statute during the period prior to the development of significant federal state capacity. Second, it explores the possible causes of the late 19th century decline in the use of monetary rewards to motivate civil servants by using a population-based RDD to estimate the causal impacts of financial incentives on law enforcement effort and civilian compliance. Third, it illustrates an opportunity to test claims about the impacts of the growth of the "carceral state" by applying a resource-constraint RDD to estimate the causal impacts of law enforcement effort on a variety of outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines educational mismatch in Chile, a stable developing economy in Latin America, through the lens of incomplete markets. I offer three significant contributions to the field. Firstly, I develop a theoretical framework rooted in the job competition model and incomplete markets theory, placing educational mismatch in a historical context. This perspective broadens the discourse beyond conventional economic and sociological viewpoints, considering factors like the timing of higher education. Secondly, I explore the connection between educational mismatch's impact on wages and labor market discrimination, particularly gender-based disparities. This sheds light on how female workers are affected by educational mismatch. Lastly, I address methodological concerns by utilizing longitudinal data to refine our analysis, responding to critiques about using cross-sectional data to estimate educational mismatch. This study enhances the understanding of educational mismatch, offering insights specific to Chile's developing economy and contributing to a more comprehensive view of this issue in emerging economies. • Propose a novel framework, blending job competition and incomplete market theories, to analyze educational mismatch in Chile within its historical context. • Uncovers the links between educational mismatch and gender-based labor market discrimination, emphasizing the impact on female workers. • To bolster credibility, I tackle methodological concerns using longitudinal data, countering criticisms of cross-sectional data usage and ensuring research robustness. • My study extends beyond traditional viewpoints, advancing the understanding of educational mismatch in Chile's stable economy and providing policy insights for similar economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Româna de Dreptul Muncii is the property of Wolters Kluwer Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work analyzed the wage discrimination in the Brazilian manufacturing industry. By recurring to the most updated database, several gaps were analyzed between white and non-white citizens, and between males and females. We detailed the Brazilian manufacturing industry considering its different segments of technology. Using Mincerian equations for the two most recent decades, we observed a reduction in the wage gap between workers, due to their individual characteristics of schooling, experience, means of residence and professional positions. We also discussed the distribution of impacts these characteristics have on wages, concluding the most significant are in segments more intensive in technology, indicating that these segments prefer to offer better-off jobs for white men than the segments based on lower technological intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrielle Beziehungen is the property of Rainer Hampp Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper evaluate the hypothesis that race is a determining factor in access to quality employment in Colombia during 2007. Using data from the Large Integrated Household Survey (2007-I), we estimate a generalized ordered logit model. The results provide evidence that individuals self-identified as Afrocolombian have a higher probability of being in a low quality job than other Colombians. This probability is higher by 1.9% in Cali, 3.4% in Bogotá, 12.6% in Barranquilla, 1.8% in Cartagena, 1.1% in Medellin and 3.8% overall in these five cities, results that could indicate that there is racial discrimination against Afrocolombians in the Colombian labor market.

Labor is a phenomenon with very serious social and economic consequences, which has increased actuality and importance in Bulgaria nowadays. Because of the high of , building effective anti- legislation occupies a special place in the policy of the European Union. Despite the European directives, the presence of antidiscrimination legislation and the broadly declared anti-discrimination inclinations in our country, these are absolutely not enough for providing of equality, with a climate of respect and tolerance to the differences. It turns out that certain groups are definitely victims of labor . In this connection the present article consecutively identifies these groups, as well as the reasons for their , underlining the necessity and benefits of the integration of the different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecos de Economía is the property of Universidad EAFIT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines trends in women's labor force participation, sectoral and occupational distribution, and wage incomes relative to men, including by age and education. Since 1980, gender disparities in virtually all categories have substantially narrowed; those remaining result from women's continued disproportionate responsibility for family care, and additional factors affecting women at the highest levels of the labor force and income distribution. There are some areas of concern for women's economic future in Singapore, including the impacts of ageing, foreign labor and immigration, and wage stagnation experienced by low-income families under Singapore's economic development model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the job pressure, the economic insecurity and the social relations disturbed by the never-ending threat of the political imperatives, the stress discomfort is currently focusing on the personal experiences of each individual. The study of the different constraints that people face in accessing the labor market and in losing their unsecure jobs should be regarded as key objectives both in the sustainable economic growth and in the sustainable living standards improvement. There still are strong inequalities in the labor market even in the developed countries. That is why officially increasing the employment ratio and decreasing the vulnerable labor manpower area has proved to be a desirable goal in terms of social equity. Reducing the persistent incidence of gender inequality is also a standpoint that needs to be given more attention. The stress phenomenon as a resulting incongruence, as a mismatch between an individual and his/her environment is the one and only issue to be the fundamental core of our underpinning research here that needs to be extended in order to improve not only the quality of workers' job and life but also in order to identify the risks to which they are exposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: We analyze labor discrimination in Peru, a fast-growing country where much anecdotal evidence suggests the presence of discriminatory practices in everyday life. Using surnames (indigenous/white) as a proxy for race, we sent 4820 fictitious CVs in response to 1205 real job vacancies for professional, technical, and unskilled jobs in Lima. Overall, whites receive more callbacks than indigenous applicants, and beautiful applicants receive more callbacks than homely-looking ones. The magnitude and significance of the racial and beauty gaps in callbacks substantially vary by job category. In particular, better looks only seem to matter in getting more callbacks for professional jobs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]