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Studie se zabývá vztahem mezi výroky obsahující "ought" a intencemi ve filozofii Wilfrida Sellarse. Podle v bádání o Sellarsovi rozšiřeného pohledu považuje Sellars výroky obsahující "ought" za vyjádření intence v množném čísle ("we-intentions"). Cílem studie je zpochybnit toto čtení a navrhnout alternativu. Podle tohoto alternativního čtení Sellarse jsou výroky obsahující "ought" metalinguistické výroky o důsledkových vztazích mezi intencemi. Ukazuji, že rozšiřené porozumění čelí mnoha problémům a je potenciálně neslučitelné se Sellarsovými teoretickými závazky ohledně intencí. Tvrdím, že alternativní čtení může tyto problémy vyřešit. Dále je alternativní chápání Sellarse podpořeno historickými úvahami. Alternativní čtení lze rozeznat v Sellarsových nejrozvinutějších úvahách o intencích a výrocích obsahující "ought". Diskutuji také problémy a otázky, kterým čelí samotné alternativní čtení. 2022-06-01 My paper is concerned with the relation between ought-statements and intentions in Wilfrid Sellars’s philosophy. According to an entrenched view in Sellars scholarship, Sellars considers ought-statements as expressions of we-intentions. The aim of my paper is to question this reading and to propose an alternative. According to this alternative reading of Sellars, ought-statements are metalinguistic statements about the implication relations between intentions. I show that the entrenched understanding faces many unacknowledged problems and generates incompatibilities with Sellars’s commitments about intentions. I argue that the alternative account can help to resolve these problems. A second reason in support of the alternative understanding of Sellars is provided by historical considerations. I argue that my alternative account can be discerned in Sellars’s most developed views about intentions and ought-statements. I also discuss problems and questions which the alternative reading itself faces.

This thesis deals with the theory of speech acts which is based mainly on analysis of speech and its function in communication. We use speech not only to convey something but to also do something, to change the state of things around us and to accomplish specific goals. Speech acts in a literary piece are then analyzed on theoretical basis, specifically in Milan Kundera's dramatic play Majitelé klíčů.

The thesis follows the development of the As-Structure as it is presented in Heidegger's Logic (GA 21) and shows that this abstract structure has been developed based on Brentano's Psychology 1 and Husserl's Logical Investigations. I describe how the As-Structure develops from the Brentano's distinction of physical and mental phenomena. The mental phenomena represent the basic sphere of our recognition, and the knowledge of the object as it is immanent to them. The object represents a stable counterpart to the course of experience (Objekt - Erlebnis relation). Therefore, only in the mental phenomena the object is being experienced just as it appears. This is the standpoint of Brentano, and it is adopted by Husserl who explicitly divides the structure of an intentional act into its constituents; the meant and the given. The object is accomplished when it is carried out by the intentional act. When the relation between the meant and the given is fully congruent, the given is given just as it is meant. Heidegger elaborates on this given as meant structure by transferring it outside the sphere of consciousness. He claims that the As-structure is the abstract constitutive element of the relation between the human (Dasein) and the thing; what is being encountered in the world is always given as something...

The content of my bachelor is T. S. Eliot's theory of art criticism. Eliot was and still is one the most important figures of thoughts not only for English, but for European literary criticism, I dare say. I will focus primarily on the major questions in his critical theory, and show Eliot's answers. The aim of this work is to outline Eliot's essential critical ideas and compare them with the ideas of the representatives of the so-called New Criticism, for Eliot is considered to be a source of inspiration of this literary movement. And based on this comparison I want to show what could new critics continue on Eliot, and in which issues they differ from him.

The thesis Intentions of art photography. Possibilities and limits of Eco's reception aesthetics on the example of the exhibition "Thus Spoke LaChapelle" is dedicated to photographs of a significant advertising and art photographer David LaChapelle, a theory of reception of Umberto Eco. LaChapelle's photographs serve as a means in which will be analyzed the limits and possibilities of Eco's reception aesthetics. Also there will be used three different interpretations of selected photos (the photo Deluge and the photographic series Museum).