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The article considers the main activities of the Ufa local branch of the Russian Red Cross Society in the late XIX – early XX centuries. As a result of the research, the author came to the conclusion that through the efforts of the Ufa local department, measures were taken that contributed to a positive solution of social and economic problems in the region. The Ufa local department provided material assistance to the population in difficult lean years, during epidemics. Also, at the initiative of this organization, in addition to the existing ones, new medical centers were opened, qualified training of junior medical personnel in the person of nurses was conducted. These measures contributed to the timely provision of assistance not only to the sick, but also to soldiers injured on the battlefields. The initiative of the Ufa local branch organized a collection of donations, the funds of which were used to provide necessary material assistance not only to the population of the region, but also to the residents of other cities of the empire who needed it. Of particular importance were the activities of the Ufa local branch of the Russian Red Cross Society and the Alexandrinsky Community of Sisters of Mercy during the war years. Among the key events was the collection of donations for the creation of infirmaries and material assistance in the form of one-time allowances for wounded and maimed soldiers. Special attention should also be paid to the fact that, on the initiative of the Ufa local branch, staging hospitals were organized and sent to the active army, where a number of nurses who worked selflessly were presented with awards. The author also came to the conclusion that at the initial stage of the First World War, in the conditions of a powerful patriotic upsurge, there was an intensification of the work of the Russian Red Cross Society both nationwide and on the territory of the Ufa province. This trend is marked by an increase in the number of members of the society and a significant increase in monetary allocations to its fund. However, due to the protracted nature of the war and the growing crisis phenomena within the country, by 1917 the amount of donations had significantly decreased, which significantly complicated the further activities of the Society, both nationwide and at the regional level.

The purpose of the research paper is to conduct a systematic analysis of everyday life, forms of self-organization, and peculiar features of the repatriation of the sick and disabled Ukrainians from the tsarist army in the prisoner of war camps in Germany in 1917. The scientific novelty. The presented issue is the first attempt at a holistic representation of the everyday life of sick prisoners of war who were admitted to the camp infirmaries, as well as of the process of repatriation of disabled Ukrainian prisoners from three Ukrainian camps (Rastatt, Wetzlar, Salzwedel) in the territory of Germany. Conclusions. The life of disabled people in the camps of Ukrainian prisoners of war was marked by significant difficulties caused by both the limited physical capabilities of that category of camp inmates and the limitation of the choice of food allowance. The last circumstance, the need to perform hard labor, as well as the general discomfort that marked the prisoners' stay in the camps, led to the contraction of tuberculosis and other diseases in some of the camp inmates. An infirmary was established in each camp to improve their health, but its main purpose was to prevent the spread of contagious diseases. In order to solve the problem of disabled and seriously ill prisoners, the governments of the warring states (including Russia and Germany) reached an agreement on the proportional exchange of those two categories of persons. That made it possible to start the process of their mutual repatriation, but its volumes were relatively small due to the actual opposition of the Russian government, which feared that in such a way, the enemy's human resources would be strengthened. As a result, the departure of repatriates was chronically delayed, and although they received limited humanitarian aid from Ukrainian camp communities, as well as Russian and international Red Cross organizations, the morale of the disabled deteriorated. But despite all the difficulties, over 530 disabled and sick people, including Ukrainian activists as well, went home from three Ukrainian camps in 1917. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of Attention of Infirmary is conceived as the method of professional exercise of this career and the formation of these specialists is carried out on the base of the harmonic learning of its stages, phases and moments. However, although totally delineated the structure of this process as indissoluble tool for the professional exercise, you lacks a methodology of the teaching that achieves their conscious, creative learning and developer for the students, since it is not had specific didactic tools for this case and affectation is appreciated mainly in the education in the Work like specific form of the formation, in the solution of professional problems. For derived it of a doctorate study and sustained in a didactic conception, a Methodology of the teaching of the Process of Attention is presented in Infirmary from the focus problémico for the professional in formation. The use of the focus problémico contributes novelty to the form and teaching method, at the same time that the contribution been worth replacing the opposing theoretical-methodological lacks so much as discoveries in the study factices as in the analysis carried out epistemological. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Santo: Rivista Francescana di Storia Dottrina Arte is the property of Associazione Centro Studi Antoniani and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work the author exposes the study variables and her dimensions that you/he/she will use for the personnel's of Infirmary superación on support levels to the woman of medium age, this study variable you/he/she belongs to the work from applicant's thesis to Doctor's grade in Biomedical Sciences. The objective of this work is to design a proposal of permanent superación to the personnel of Infirmary in the Primary Attention of Health, looking for support levels for the woman of medium age. Among the dimensions of the variable they are; the character systemic, Component cognitivo, Component Professional, and Component actitudinal. The methods to use will be of the theoretical level, of empiric inquiry, Test of knowledge, statistical Methods, as a result of the investigation are expected from a systematizing of the theoretical foundations that you/they support the improvement and the infirmary personnel's preparation in support levels to the woman of medium age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main directions of activity of the Ufa local branch of the Russian Red Cross Society during the First World War are considered. It is described that during wartime an important event was the organization by the Ufa local branch of an extensive collection of donations in order to create infirmaries for the wounded. In addition, feasible material assistance was provided in the form of one-time benefits to the wounded and injured soldiers. The study of materials from the reviews of the Ufa province showed that the Ufa local branch organized and sent stage infirmaries to the army. It is noted that special courses to work in them, which successfully trained the staff of sisters of mercy, were created. It is reported that many of them were presented with awards for their selfless and valiant work. The study of all-Russian and regional statistical materials made it possible to conclude that at the initial stage of the war, the fund of the Ufa local branch of the Russian Red Cross Society received significant financial allocations on the basis of public charity, which were used to solve the necessary wartime tasks. It is emphasized that by 1917, amid the growing crisis, the amount of donations significantly decreased, which significantly complicated the further activities of the Society both on a national scale and at the regional level.

The expansion of institutional care for the poor and sick in the United States during the late nineteenth century included increased attention on the benefits of farms as a component of institutional life. Farms attached to almshouses or poor farms were publicly funded ways to produce food for the destitute of communities and in this way played a significant part in social welfare provisions. The success or failure of those farms, in turn, affected the quality of meals served to residents of the institutions. Far from being a workhouse, poor farms were institutions that relied on the skilled management of farmers and their wives, who were capable of putting balanced meals on the table. Good farming practices at the institution regularly led to decent meals for the poor. This manuscript explores the role of food production and preparation at U.S. institutions for the poor, and details how food security issues were publicly handled in the late nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to clarify when the term of Byoin (hospital) was introduced and how its concept was developed in modern Japan. The word “Byoin” was introduced in Japan in 1787 for the first time, but it had not been in use until early 1860s. Instead, various medical institutions performing the functions of modern medical facilities, such as Yojosho (A place for preserving health), Shijuku (private school), called by traditional names as ever. Japanese intellectuals already adopted the word Byoin and the concept of western hospital in early 1860s when their national delegates were dispatched to Europe to revise the treaties forged with western powers. Japanese translations of hospital appeared in English-Japanese/Japanese-English dictionaries published in the 1860s. For instance, the word Byoin (hospital in Japanese) was first published in a dictionary published in 1867 and unclearly connected to the words, hospital, infirmary. This paper will argue that the concept of Byoin was sophisticated through Meiji government's efforts to implement reforms distinguishing medical facilities based on their capacity of inpatients and quality. The first medical law (Isei) proclaimed by the Meiji government in 1874 articulated regulations for a hospital in eight different articles. The government established hospitals in various parts of the country, following its newly established modern medical care policies. However, in this process, Iin (hospital/clinic), another term for “hospital” appeared. Regional differences and financial issues made standardizing the concept of a hospital even more difficult. In response to the widely embedded confusion, the Japanese government made an effort to clarify the concept of a hospital, setting up provisions regarding the size of medical facilities. As a result, the word Byoin finally came to be used for a hospital with more than ten beds, while a clinic with beds below ten was called Shinryojo (clinic). On the other hand, Iin meant a medical facility less qualified than a hospital since 1933 when Japanese government made a harder restriction on the usage of Byoin.

The infirmary as we know it nowadays does not exist during the Middle Ages, but the various precursors of the modern hospital evolved as a result of interactions between East and West. There is hardly any research that describes the influence of the Medieval social, economic and religious status in the West and East on the infirmary. The present work aims on the development of the infirmary at Medieval time or Middle age with a short insight to previous evolution. The research was conducted in different stages. Textbooks and lectures from the Department of History and Methodology of Science of the University of Athens (UoA) and other relevant departments of Greek universities were consulted. In order to collect relevant information, the keywords "infirmary", "medical theory", " antiquity", "medieval", "hospital", "West" and "Asklipieion" were searched on Google, PubMed and Wikipedia. The infirmaries in the East were not simple buildings but rather a complex of clinical, teaching/education and praying areas. These institutions formed a model to the later European infirmaries. Many of the physicians of the East were ahead of their times. It is obvious that during the Middle Ages religion is a keystone for the function of the infirmary. Both in the East as in the West Christianity and Islam provide the ethical base and funding for the function and the development of new hospitals. Despite the conflict between these two worlds, their societies interacted and influenced medicine and the infirmary as an institution. It is the result of a long process of development of the relations between people, societies or even religions and the way humanity perceive its nature and the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trabajos y Comunicaciones is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The First World War as the engine of medical progress - reality or myth? and Reading material for front 1914-1918 The two topics presented concern two aspects of the non-combat areas of the war, but well represented during its development. On the one hand, it is interesting to answer the question whether World War I was the engine of the progress of medicine and, on the other hand, to appreciate the importance of providing books, magazines, newspapers, brochures, leaflets, stickers etc. of the front soldiers in the dynamics of fighting for raising their morale. Through the three examples of making transfusions, the use of radiology and the buccal and maxillofacial surgery, the German authors highlight the involvement of medical staff in the implementation of new medical treatments or surgical interventions in extreme conditions and without adequate professional training. Finally, it can be said that the advances declared during the war in medicine could always only present an inadequate response to a need for action and treatment that would not have existed without war. Regarding the use of literature and information dissemination material among military personnel up to the front line, in infirmary or even among prisoners of war, it is worth mentioning both the creation of a well-established storage and supply system consisting of stationary and/or walking libraries and bookstores, as well as the aim pursued by the military leadership, on the one hand, to distract attention from daily life on the front, while raising the morale of the military and, on the other hand, to achieve the necessary propaganda among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The culture of patient safety seeks to prevent possible damage resulting from a series of events that were planned and that have an impact on the quality and safety of medical care. An adverse event it means to a damage or complication that results from health care, and it does not correspond with the illness or the underlying condition of the patient, and which causes in it a prolongation of the hospital stay, disability at the time of discharge or death. First victim is the patient and the affected relatives, second victim is the professional involved and finally a third victim is the clinic or the hospital where the adverse event it happened. The research into the consequences of first victims are broad, while in second victims it has been a little studied topic, so a study about the emotional and social consequences of the adverse event in second victims will give us guidelines to show the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors that would allow us to analyze and give suggestions on the steps to follow to prevent adverse events, in addition to some publications have documented that the Burnout syndrome may be related to the incidence of adverse events. Methodology: It was carried out the application of the instruments Questionnaire for Primary Care Professionals of Spain and the Maslach Burnout Inventory to all physicians and nurses of the Centro de Salud de T-II Nayaritas from Mexico City, being consulted in total 20 professionals. 70% (14) were women and 30% (6) men, professional's age range 19 years to 66 years, with an average of 41 years. 45% (9) doctors, 30% (6) of nursing staff and 25% (5) dentists. In addition, an average of 14 years of work experience. Outcome: The consequences after an adverse event are higher emotionally. Burnout scores on average for physicians, nurses and dentists were 58, 52 and 41 respectively, scores considered low. However, no significant correlations were found between the consequences of an adverse event and the Burnout syndrome. Conclusion: Carrying out and having notification programs related to the culture of patient safety will allow us to analyze and give suggestions on the steps to be taken to prevent adverse events, and with them the consequences for health professionals, just like that guaranteeing a true practice of the culture of patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peculiarities of the activity of the Soviet government regarding the organization of health care and treatment of returnees on the territory of the Ukrainian SSR are analyzed in the context of the organization of the vertical of the administrative structures, Departments of repatriation of displaced persons on the territory of the Ukrainian SSR during 1944–1947. According to the decision of the top management of the USSR, medical care and treatment of returnees had to be carried out under full control of the center by health authorities and institutions in the places of repatriation – in the Union republics and regions. It is noted that since the establishment of the vertical of the repatriation authorities in the USSR in the autumn of 1944 and till the elimination of most of these institutions in 1947, the task of sanitation, medical care and treatment of displaced persons – Soviet citizens were among the most important directions of activity of these structures. The Kremlin’s main line for restoring the wrecked economy by labor force demanded from the authorities efforts to maintain this very labor force in an able– bodied condition; therefore, the spread of epidemic and other diseases among the returnees and the civilian population inside the country should be prevented. For this reason, sanitation of the repatriates, their medical examination and paramedic treatment had to be provided. These functions had to be carried out by the medical and sanitary part of the entire vertical of the repatriation bodies in the USSR and the Ukrainian SSR in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The dynamics and significance of aerosol transmission of respiratory viruses are still controversial, for the major reasons that virus aerosols are inefficiently collected by commonly used air samplers and that the collected viruses are inactivated by the collection method. Without knowledge of virus viability, infection risk analyses lack accuracy. This pilot study was performed to (i) determine whether infectious (viable) respiratory viruses in aerosols could be collected from air in a real world environment by the viable virus aerosol sampler (VIVAS), (ii) compare and contrast the efficacy of the standard bioaerosol sampler, the BioSampler, with that of the VIVAS for the collection of airborne viruses in a real world environment, and (iii) gain insights for the use of the VIVAS for respiratory virus sampling. The VIVAS operates via a water vapor condensation process to enlarge aerosolized virus particles to facilitate their capture. A variety of viable human respiratory viruses, including influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 viruses and influenza B viruses, were collected by the VIVAS located at least 2 m from seated patients, during a late-onset 2016 influenza virus outbreak. Whereas the BioSampler when operated following our optimized parameters also collected virus aerosols, it was nevertheless overall less successful based on a lower frequency of virus isolation in most cases. This side-by-side comparison highlights some limitations of past studies based on impingement-based sampling, which may have generated false-negative results due to either poor collection efficiency and/or virus inactivation due to the collection process. IMPORTANCE The significance of virus aerosols in the natural transmission of respiratory diseases has been a contentious issue, primarily because it is difficult to collect or sample virus aerosols using currently available air sampling devices. We tested a new air sampler based on water vapor condensation for efficient sampling of viable airborne respiratory viruses in a student health care center as a model of a real world environment. The new sampler outperformed the industry standard device (the SKC BioSampler) in the collection of natural virus aerosols and in maintaining virus viability. These results using the VIVAS indicate that respiratory virus aerosols are more prevalent and potentially pose a greater inhalation biohazard than previously thought. The VIVAS thus appears to be a useful apparatus for microbiology air quality tests related to the detection of viable airborne viruses.

There are many causes to the opening of a Protestant infirmary in Lyon in the mid-nineteenth century, more precisely in 1844. The first aim of the founders is to offer their coreligionists an alternative to the public hospital thought to be either too Catholic or too impersonal and dehumanized. Thereby, they have enjoyed a more favorable political environment to gain ground, that of medicine, traditionally held by Catholics. This denominational motivation couples with a social concern just as important. The founders, largely inspired by the religious awakening, which has also led them to breaking with the official Reformed Church, wanted to respond to the suffering of the poorest inhabitants, in the Lyons case, mainly that of the silk workers, without losing hope to generate conversions. The Protestant Infirmary is created by public figures who thus find a way to discharge of their social duty. In this sense, the directors and shareholders of the institution in the twentieth century emerged as the worthy heirs of their so much admired predecessors, always Protestant, often bourgeois and sometimes very committed. They also kept the pragmatism peculiar to this singular work, anxious to meet the evolving needs of their contemporaries, even away from the original model. The Protestant Infirmary of Lyon quickly welcomes sick patients neither Protestant nor poor, and its leaders are quickly confronted with more mundane, technical and economic requirements.

Introducción: la Educación permanente en cualquier profesión, requiere un plan continuo de formación. El compromiso de la transformación en la práctica laboral y social, así como la calidad de la atención, debe concebirse bajo el principio de la intersectorialidad. Objetivo: comparar el grado de conocimientos del personal de enfermería en sangrado digestivo, antes y después de una intervención educativa. Material y Métodos: se realizó un estudio comparativo antes y después a 25 enfermeras, quienes asistieron a la intervención educativa de capacitación del modelo de Educación para la Salud en Sangrado Digestivo, utilizando estrategias didácticas que permitieron al personal tener mayor participación. Resultados: referente al grado de conocimiento del personal de enfermería sobre el Modelo de Educación para la Salud antes de la intervención educativa, 80% resultó ser No adecuado. Después de la intervención arrojó Adecuado (72%). En la prueba de rangos con signos de Wilcoxon para muestras grandes (mayor que 20) se obtuvo: Z = 2.161416 p < 0.05. Conclusiones: el efecto de la intervención educativa después de la intervención sobre el grado de conocimientos fue estadísticamente significativo.Introduction: the permanent Education in any profession, you call for a continuous plan of formation. The commitment of the transformation in the labor and social practice, that way like with the quality of attention, he must be conceived under the intersectorialidad's beginning. Objective: comparing the grade of knowledge of the staff of infirmary of the model education for the health in digestive Sangrado like complication of digestive affections before and after an educational intervention. Material and Methods: a comparative study came true before and after, to 25 nurses, which attended the educational intervention of capacitation of Educación's model for the Health in digestive bleeding, utilizing didactic strategies that allowed the staff having bigger participation. Results: the studied population's average of age went from 38 years, with one Standard deviation of 5.3 years. Relating to the grade of knowledge of the staff of infirmary of Educación's Model for the Health before the educational intervention, the 80 % proved to be to be Not Made Suitable. The 72 Adequate % threw away after intervention. ( principal than 20 ) it was obtained in the proof of ranges with signs of Wilcoxon for big signs: Z 2,161416 p 0,030664 0,05. Conclusions: the effect of the educational intervention after the intervention on the grade of knowledge of Educación's model for the Health in digestive bleeding like complication of digestive affections was statistically significant.

El surgimiento de las Escuelas Emergentes de Enfermería en Cuba, significó para la Carrera una formación de nuevo tipo. La masividad e integración del sistema de la Enseñanza Media de la profesión a la Enseñanza Superior, estuvieron entre los rasgos distintivos de este plan emergente. La incorporación de profesores a la nueva formación de Enfermería y, posteriormente, sus egresados, a los subsistemas de superación profesional y formación académica del sistema de postgrado, son elementos que contribuyen notablemente a incrementar su matrícula. Por lo que en este estudio, se pretende enunciar consideraciones acerca de la relación entre el incremento en la matrícula de profesionales en el postgrado de Enfermería y la Nueva Formación. Para ello, se realizó una amplia revisión bibliográfica de documentos en revistas electrónicas, en las bases de datos Cumed y Lillacs. Se resalta la importancia del desarrollo de la Maestría en Enfermería, la relación entre esta como figura clave del postgrado en Enfermería y la influencia que ha ejercido en el desarrollo de su currículo el incremento de profesionales.The rising of Nurses Emergent Schools brought within a whole new concept of human resources formation in Infirmary. The massive ingoing of students and the integration of media education to professional education, were among the main characteristics of this emerging plan of formation for nurses as it was also known .From this new formation concept the number of ingoing professionals to post grade studies in their different forms were considerably increased. The following reflections has as a main purpose to announce considerations, from the author´s perspective, about the relation this new concept of human resources formation had in developing the post grade figures of Infirmary carrier in Cuba. Remarking the element of the increase of ingoing professionals to these studies.To accomplish this purpose several bibliographies were reviewed, about the new nursing formation and the continuing education process topic in the Cumed and Lilacs data base. Finally considerations are based on remarking the importance of the roll played by the maters nursing degree program, and the strategies carried out at the present, by post grade authorities in Cuba to make available the consecution of scientific degrees. Finally reasons of why the process that ensures the consecution of scientific degrees such as masters and PhD in nursing in Cuba is fully guarantee for the future are given .

Durante la práctica clínica, la Enfermera Docente se ve abocada a actuar en situaciones que implican la toma de decisiones éticas frente al paciente y de responder por las consecuencias de la decisión. El objetivo de la investigación, fue determinar las implicaciones deontológicas más frecuentes en las que se ve involucrado el profesional de Enfermería, en el ejercicio de la docencia, al supervisar la práctica clínica de estudiantes, en la ciudad de Bogotá. Son escasas las investigaciones que se encuentran al respecto, si se tiene en cuenta que es un tema que cada vez cobra mayor importancia en la práctica profesional. Como instrumento de recolección, se diseñó una entrevista semiestructurada y grabaciones de experiencias relatadas por los profesionales participantes. Los resultados determinaron que las implicaciones, a las que con mayor frecuencia se enfrentan los docentes, son de tipo ético, no se presentó ninguna denuncia penal ante el tribunal de ética de Enfermería, en la que se hubiese impuesto como sanción la destitución, el retiro de la tarjeta profesional o la indemnización de perjuicios. Las situaciones que vive el estudiante con el Sujeto de Cuidado, le generan experiencia en el razonamiento moral y en la importancia de los valores, para la toma de decisiones éticas. Se evidencia la necesidad de establecer una comunicación contínua con las Instituciones en los escenarios de práctica, que permita coordinar la atención del Sujeto de Cuidado y un consenso en la toma de decisiones, cuando la situación lo requiera.During clinical practice the teaching nurse is doomed to act in situations that involve making ethical decisions in front of the patient and be responsible for the consequences of this decision. The objective of the research was to determine the more frequent implications in which the infirmary professional is involved in hospitals, while supervising the student practice in the city of Bogotá. Research on this topic is scars, taking into account that this subject becomes, every time, more and more important in the professional exercise. As a tool for data collecting, a semi-structured interview was designed and recordings of experiences by the participant professionals were made. The results determined that the implications most frequently faces by the teacher in the places of practice are of ethical type; no penal denunciation, before the court of Ethics of Infirmary, followed by a sanction or the dismissal, withdrawal of the professional card or indemnification of prejudices was presented. The situations confronted by students with the care subject generate experience in moral reasoning and in the importance of values for the taking of ethical decisions. The necessity to establish a continuous communication within the institutions, where the practice is realized, will allow a proper coordination of the attention of the care subject and a consensus in the decision making, when required by the situation.

RESUMEN A lo largo de la trayectoria profesional en diferentes instituciones de salud y durante la experiencia de estar en contacto con las mujeres en trabajo de parto, se han reportado quejas de maltrato por parte del personal de salud. Esto ha sido corroborado por profesionales y estudiantes de enfermería en contacto con las gestantes y quienes refirieron haber observado actitudes de intolerancia, mal genio, incomprensión y expresiones inadecuadas. De acuerdo a lo anterior surgió la necesidad de desarrollar un trabajo de investigación, cuyo objetivo general fue el de elaborar un modelo de atención de enfermería, con énfasis en el aspecto humanístico del cuidado a la mujer durante el trabajo de parto y parto, basado en fundamentos teóricos, resultados de un proceso de investigación y experiencias del investigador en esta área. La investigación, se llevó a cabo en el Departamento de Cundinamarca (Colombia) en una empresa social del estado de II nivel El estudio fue de tipo descriptivo, se tomó una muestra de 80 mujeres a quienes se les aplico una encuesta en la etapa de posparto. Los resultados indicaron que del total de la muestra analizada, el 41% reconocieron a la enfermera, el 38% no la reconocieron y el 11%, a pesar de haberla identificado no tuvieron ningún contacto con ella. De las 33 mujeres que identificaron a la enfermera, solo 24 recibieron algún tipo de cuidado, hecho que justificó la elaboración del modelo de humanización, que aplica mas específicamente a la institución donde se realizó el estudio.SUMMARY Permanent complaints have been received at different health institutions from women at childbirth regarding attention by the health-care personnel. Such information concerning mistreatment or neglect, intolerant or inconsiderate attitudes, bad temper and impoliteness has been corroborated by infirmary students and professionals in contact with pregnant women. In order to asses this aspects, it was determined to carry out a study in a level II health-care institution, located in the Department of Cundinamarca (Colombia), with the prime objective of creating a health model with particular emphasis in the care of the mother during work of childbirth and childbirth, based on theoretic fundaments, result of a research process and experiences of the investigator in this area. The information for the study was gathered among a group of 80 women in puerperium stage, entering the hospital pursuing medical attention. From the surveyed females, 41% identified the nurse, 38% did not identify him/her and 11% identified the nurse, but did not have any contact with him/her. Only 24 women out of the 33 who identified the nurse, received some type of care. These results justified the elaboration of a humanization model of infirmary care for pregnant women, previous to, during, and after childbirth, that applies more specifically to the institution where the studio was carried out.

RESUMEN En Colombia la formación en la educación se ha reglamentado por competencias y es así que este texto hace referencia a la movilización de saberes y destrezas en diversas áreas que se combinan para resolver problemas y producir nuevos conocimientos. El objetivo fue identificar la percepción del estudiante de Enfermería frente a la formación por competencias, en los programas académicos del área profesional y la correlación existente con el resultado obtenido en los exámenes de calidad del estado (ECAES). Se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional y evaluativo en el que se aplicó un instrumento que midió la percepción del estudiante sobre su formación, los resultados de las notas finales de cada uno de los programas académicos de Cuidado de Enfermería y los resultados del ECAES obtenidos por los estudiantes de último año. El análisis, arrojó una diferencia entre el promedio de percepción de los estudiantes sobre los logros alcanzados en los programas académicos y el promedio obtenido en la prueba de competencias, diseñada por ACOFAENICFES. Los estudiantes consideran estar preparados para enfrentar el mundo laboral, aunque en el examen de valoración, por competencias de la educación superior, el promedio no corresponde a la apreciación perceptiva de cumplimiento de logro. Se encontró una relación directamente proporcional entre el promedio general del estudiante y el puntaje de ECAES. Es así, como los estudiantes con altos promedios en la Facultad también mostraron altos puntajes en la prueba de estado.SUMMARY In Colombia the educational formation has been regulated by competitions and this context makes reference to the mobilization of knowledge and skills in diverse areas that are combined to solve problems and to produce new wisdom. The objective of this research was to identify the perception of the infirmary student, in front of the formation by competitions in the academic programs of the professional area and the existing correlation with the result obtained in the state qualification examinations (ECAES). A co relational and evaluative descriptive study, in which an instrument was applied that measured the perception of the student regarding its formation, the results of final notes of each of the academic programs denominated "Infirmary Care Taking" and the results of the ECAES obtained by the students of the last academic year. The data analysis showed differences between the average perception of the students about the grades reached within the Academic Programs and the average obtained in the test of competitions designed by ACOFAEN-ICFES. The students consider to be prepared to face the labour world, although in the examination of valuation by competitions of the higher education, the average obtained did not correspond to the perceptive valuation of fulfilment. A direct proportional relation between the general average of the students and the points of ECAES was found. Thus, students with high averages in the faculty also showed high points in the state qualification examination.

The article's purpose is to present Aleksander Wat's essay written after his stay in Kaiser Hospital in Oakland in 1964, kept in the writer's archive in the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library in New Haven. This essay seems to be relevant for several reasons: it is a commentary to Wat's Dziennik bez samogłosek [Diary Without Vowels] and, above all, it is one of the poet's pathographic texts devoted almost entirely to an analysis of the hospital space. Using the categories of heterotopia, total institution, and infirmary, an attempt is made to describe the phenomenon of an "autobiography of the state of imprisonment" (the notes from Kaiser Hospital are treated as part of a never-written memoir My Prisons - My Hospitals) and reconstruct the poetics of a heterotopical text created from the perspective of an inhabitant of the "counter-site.". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article sets into focus the everyday practices of caring the sick in the Poor Clares' convents of Bratislava, Trnava, Zagreb, Buda and Pest with a time scope focused on the era of Maria Theresa's and Joseph II's church reforms. It evinces that each convent had an infirmary, in which the sill nuns could be separated from the rest of the community and nursed according to the instructions of a doctor, but the investigation of the rooms and their equipment also reveals significant differences among them. While the infirmary was merely a sickroom with three or four beds in the case of the smaller communities of Zagreb and Pest, the bigger convents' infirmaries - that accommodated ninetwelve patients - consisted of a complex set of interconnected spaces with various functions, including storage rooms, cooking facilities and places for making medicine. The infirmary chapels of Bratislava and Trnava and the liturgical equipment in the bigger, hall-like sickroom in Buda represent the interconnectedness of spiritual and medical care. The study also sheds light on possible correlations between self-supply and services provided by external lay practitioners, as it presents the strategies of the convents to reduce medical expenses, e.g. by producing medicaments, accepting novices with surgical-apothecary knowledge or contracting surgeons and physicians for a fixed annual salary. Finally, the paper points towards further research directions suggesting a more sophisticated analysis of the correlations between the nuns' demand for proper medical care and their agency at the time of the abolition of their order in 1782. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern infirmary is the evolutional product of the dialectic interface between medical theories at each time and the outcome of their application in clinical practice. The infirmary as we know it today did not exist during antiquity, but the different precursors of the modern hospital emerged as a result of the interaction between medical theory and practice. During antiquity the Hippocratic work decisively contributed to the creation of the Asklipieion, an institution with predetermined structure created to heal diseases. Later in antiquity new types of infirmaries appeared along with the evolution of private practice for physicians. Establishment of the first modern hospitals was an outstanding contribution of Islamic medicine during reign of the Islamic Empire. Although there was little progress in the development of medical theory in medieval West, evolution of the infirmary continued and was mostly influenced by Christian religion and charity. In Constantinople large medieval infirmaries were built, but patient care was frequently offered in monasteries by clergymen. Later on medicine and treatment of diseases were taken over by physicians and taught in universities, and medical theory continued on its course of evolution. It is obvious that the modern infirmary is not only a place for treating diseases, but rather the upshot of a series of advancements in science, the relations between people or even countries, and the way humanity perceives its nature and the future. Our research is focused on the interactive relationship between the evolution of medical theory and the infirmary as an institution during antiquity and the Middle Ages with particular emphasis on the Western World.

The study deals with the history of the Hospital of Brothers of Mercy in Bratislava in the Early Modern Time with to scope to describe it's staff and confessional, age and social structure of it's pacients. The Brothers of Mercy administered it's hospitals according to the orders observance, its personnel and admission of pacients also responded to its stipulations. The reforms of Maria Theresia and Joseph II. intervened in the all aspects of the orders life and its hospitals and also modified the staff and structure of pacients in Bratislava ́s infirmary.

The modern infirmary is the evolutional product of the dialectic interface between medical theories at each time and the outcome of their application in clinical practice. The infirmary as we know it today did not exist during antiquity, but the different precursors of the modern hospital emerged as a result of the interaction between medical theory and practice. During antiquity the Hippocratic work decisively contributed to the creation of the Asklipieion, an institution with predetermined structure created to heal diseases. Later in antiquity new types of infirmaries appeared along with the evolution of private practice for physicians. Establishment of the first modern hospitals was an outstanding contribution of Islamic medicine during reign of the Islamic Empire. Although there was little progress in the development of medical theory in medieval West, evolution of the infirmary continued and was mostly influenced by Christian religion and charity. In Constantinople large medieval infirmaries were built, but patient care was frequently offered in monasteries by clergymen. Later on medicine and treatment of diseases were taken over by physicians and taught in universities, and medical theory continued on its course of evolution. It is obvious that the modern infirmary is not only a place for treating diseases, but rather the upshot of a series of advancements in science, the relations between people or even countries, and the way humanity perceives its nature and the future. Our research is focused on the interactive relationship between the evolution of medical theory and the infirmary as an institution during antiquity and the Middle Ages with particular emphasis on the Western World. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article dwell sup on operation of such constituent elements of the Society of Jesus houses as pharmacies, hospitals and infirmaries. These elements are essential part of studying Jesuits and Catholic Church activities, as well as the process of mutual interaction and enrichment of cultures. Pharmacies and hospitals assisted the order, to a certain extent, to succeed in promoting the spread of Catholicismin Eastern-Slavic region in the last third of XVI - the first half of XVII century. In some towns facilities of the kind emerged for the first time or were the best of all similar facilities. The article is aimed at analyzing and generalizing the knowledge concerning Jesuits pharmacies, hospitals and infirmaries operation in Eastern-Slavic region in the last third of XVI - the first half of XVII century. The author applies comparative, culture-historical, historical and typological and chronological methods and also the method of terminological analysis. Themethods applied allow demonstrating, analyzing and classifying all information concerning pharmacies and hospitals of the Society of Jesus that served the needs of Jesuits house tenants as well as the inhabitants of region. Pharmacies prepared and distributed medicine among Jesuits, pupils of collegium and for some time among the inhabitants of towns and nearest villages. Infirmary is a part of Jesuit house, where sick Jesuits were cared for by the infirmary frater. Hospitals served the pupils of collegium and inhabitants of the region. For old and sick people there were set up the lodges. By referring to the archival and published primary sources (regulatory sources of Jesuits, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth document etc.), the author indicates the way some pharmacies, infirmaries and hospitals were set up and financed as well as how they changed their operation process and the also the place they take in the system of the Society of Jesus houses. The article reveals that those facilities (9 pharmacies, 4 hospitals, 2infirmaries, one lodge known) mattered not only within the Society of Jesus activities but also they were of great importance for the social development of the region and spreading benign deeds and social institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hospital of the Five Wounds of the city of Seville was found to attend the poor patients and because of the separation of sexes was created a women’s infirmary to take care to those women. The “mothers” and “daughters” worked in the called women’s enclosure of the Hospital of the Five Wounds during more that three centuries. In this manner, this article studies about the treatment that was given to the feminine infirmaries of this hospital as if they were monasteries, completely separated from the rest of the hospital and with access restricted to the religious and laymen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the history of the Hospital of the Five Wounds in Seville, Spain from the 15th to the 18th century. The author focuses on the elder mother Jerónima de San Bernardo and the restrictions of the male clergy in the women's hospital. Other topics include the Spanish Constitutions and the founder Catalina de Ribera.

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess retrospectively the most frequent diagnoses, treatments and examination results recorded at an infirmary of a military unit based in Ankara. Method: The study comprised the infirmary records (44,000 data) of a military unit based in Ankara, Turkey between January and December 2005. Using stratified and systematic sampling, 1000 infirmary records were examined between 12-15 May 2006. The data were collated and analysed using the International Classification of Diseases, version 10 (ICD-10) and SPSS software. Results: The mean age of the soldiers was 21.7±2.4 years with 67.3% aged 21 or below. According to the ICD-10, the most commonly seen disease diagnoses were related to the respiratory system (30.1%), the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (16.4%) and skin and skin appendages (12.9%). The most common diseases were determined as acute upper respiratory tract infection, myalgia/back pain and dermatophytosis (22.4%, 10.8% and 6.1% respectively). While there was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of diseases according to age, a statistically significant difference was determined between the seasons (p<0.05). According to the records, 62.0% of those presenting were given a prescription and 29.7% were referred to hospital. The drugs most prescribed by the infirmary physicians were analgesics/antipyretics/anti-inflammatories (23.5%), antibiotics (21.7%) and anti-flu/decongestants/antitussives (15.1%). The most common reasons for referral to hospital were diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (19.4%). Conclusion: Healthcare support in military units should be planned according to the diseases most often seen. Preventative healthcare practices should be intensified, especially on the basis of the factors creating the most commonly seen diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Durante la hospitalización el paciente se enfrenta a una serie de riesgos que ponen en juego su integridad y seguridad, dentro de ellos están las caídas.Objetivo: evaluar la intervención enfermera durante la fase postquirúrgica de la estancia hospitalaria, aplicando un protocolo encaminado a reducir el riesgo de sufrir una caída.Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal, con una muestra de 48 pacientes ingresados en fase postquirúrgica.Conclusiones: Los datos encontrados después del análisis demuestran el alto nivel de implantación del protocolo. Valoramos realizar un protocolo específico para aplicar en enfermos que se encuentran solos en la fase postquirúrgica.AbstractQuality control of an intervention nurse in Prevention of Falls of the postsurgical patientsDuring the hospitalization the patients is facing a number of risks that put at stake theirs integrity and security, within them are falls.Objective: To determine an intervention of nursing during his/her stay at the post-surgical Therapy with one protocol for to reduce the risk of undergoing a fallMethodology: It was performed a observational study, transversal with 48 patients from the post-surgical therapy.Conclusions: The data found after the analysis demonstrate the high level of implantation of the protocol. We value to realise a specific protocol to apply in patients who are single in the postsurgical phase.

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencias De Gobierno is the property of Instituto Zuliano de Estudios Politicos, Economicos y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is an advance of a qualitative investigation in which, as a structural method, the phenomenological investigation was applied. Some of the techniques used for the information gathering process are the participant observation, the in-depth interview, and the focus group. The sample was of intentional type. Three former chairpersons and one chairperson, 25 professors in "Regimen Académico" (steady position), 23 clinical professors, and 36 students of fifth year (2002-2005-2006) participated in this research. The validation was carried out by means of a triangulation of the techniques used. The motivation to investigate the subject arises as an educational inquiry to explain how evaluation occurs and to find new ways of evaluating the teaching and learning processes in the daily work of teaching nursing. Therefore, the proposal was to elaborate the instruments provided here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desde sus inicios, la formación doctoral se ha desarrollado en la mayoría de los países a través de programas doctorales. En la actualidad, se destaca una tendencia al incremento de estos programas y no son pocos los países que también desarrollan estudios postdoctorales de Enfermería. Con un avance vertiginoso del postgrado de Enfermería en Cuba, la década de los 90 marcaunnotableincremento de las formas tradicionales de superación profesional y académica. La primera versión del Programa Curricular Colaborativo quedó concluida finalizando el año 2005; la versión definitiva fue aprobada en los primeros meses del año 2006. El Programa Doctoral se encuentra en ejecución en la Facultad de Enfermería Lidia Doce Sánchez con una matricula de 11 profesionales de enfermería. El Grado Científico de Doctor en Ciencias de la Enfermería puede obtenerse a través de las modalidades establecidas por la Comisión Nacional de Grados Científicos de Cuba.From its beginnings, in different countries , doctoral formation has been Developer through doctoral programs. Nowadays, it has been shown a tendency in the increase of these programs and numerous countries have developed post doctoral programs in Infirmary. With the hurried advance of the post graduate studies in Infirmary in Cuba , the ‘90s stand for an increase in the traditional ways of progress both professional and academicals The first Collaborative Curricular Program version was concluded by the end of the 2005; its definitive version approved in the early 2006. The Doctoral Program is currently active in the Faculty of Infirmary Lidia Doce Sanches with a registry of 11 infirmary professionals. The Scientific grade of Sciences Doctor may be obtained by the stablished modalities for the National Scientific Grades of Cuba