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We herein proposed a sample introduction technique based on solution cathode glow discharge (SCGD) of a portable design for inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and its application in sensitive determination of mercury. The products from SCGD containing mercury vapor, were transported by an Ar flow to ICP spectrometer for detection. A gas liquid separator (GLS) and a dryer were used to condense and remove most of the accompanying moisture, which greatly improved both the stability and sensitivity of the signal. The detection limit (DL) acquired by this developed method was 0.22 μg/L (194.1 nm), which was nearly 82 times lower than that obtained by pneumatic nebulization (PN). The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.4% (n = 14) for a 50 μg/L standard. Blank solution (HNO3, pH 1) can effectively elute mercury residue. Its accuracy and practicality were also demonstrated by the determination of GBW10029 (fish) certified reference material, shrimp, crawfish, soil and human hair samples. The results showed good consistency with the certified values and the values obtained using inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry.

To alleviate the secondary contamination of our environment when using quantum dots (QDs) to detect the organophosphorothioate pesticides (OPPs), we herein report a strategy to assemble magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and luminescent CdTe quantum dots (QDs) into a composite nanosystem, which possesses both the magnetic property of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the luminescent character of CdTe QDs, for the detection of chlorpyrifos, one of the typical OPPs. This strategy involves the isolated synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with positive charges and luminescent CdTe QDs with negative charges, and their subsequent assembly by electrostatic interaction. The as-prepared Fe3O4-CdTe nanocomposites have a detection limit as low as 10 ppb for chlorpyrifos, and are also selective for the OPPs with a phosphorothioate moiety (P=S bond). In specific, the Fe3O4-CdTe nanocomposites can be conveniently harvested by a normal magnet, and the recycling rate for both Cd and Fe determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) is higher than 96%, showing great potential in alleviating the Cd pollution on the environment.

This study describes the residual mercury levels in canned fish marketed in Turkey. In total, 375 fish samples were analyzed by Inductive Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES) for mercury residues. The quantification limit (LOQ) from the validation data ranged from 0.008 to 0.043 mg kg-1. Accuracy and precision were evaluated by means of recovery experiments at two concentration levels (30, and 50 μg L−1), obtaining recoveries between 87.5% and 109.3% and coefficient of variation below 10%. Also, the relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from 0.2% to 9%. The expanded measurement uncertainty for mercury ranged from 11.1% to 19.2%. In investigated samples, 4.8% were detected at a detectable level of mercury, but these levels were below the legal limits. With regard to hg level were no significant correlations (p < 0.05) between species. According to Turkey's legislation, none of for example the maximum limit of 1.0 mg g-1 did not exceed the level, but 1.3% exceeded the limit recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (0.5 ug g-1). The reproducibility limits obtained as a result of the validation study were found to be appropriate in accordance with both the NMKL 170 method and the Turkish Food Codex (Communiqué No: 2014/2), as well as the EU Commission Decision 2002/657/EC.

Crayons and colored pencils for children may contain toxic elements (TEs) exhibiting potential risk for children’s health including cognitive deve- lopment, after their ingestion, through mouthing and chewing and eventually, their accumulation. The aim of this study was to determine total content of As, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni and Sb and estimate their bioaccessibility conducting artificial saliva extraction. Sixty samples of colored pencils and crayons from 10 manu- facturers were analyzed. Microwave acid assisted digestion followed by induct- ively coupled plasma optical spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was performed for deter- mination of total content of TEs. Simulation of extraction by artificial saliva was applied to get more reliable data when bioavailability is concerned. The total concentrations of TEs were higher in colored pencils than in crayons and their maximum levels were: 5.78, 9.36, 9.97, 0.615, and 6.63 mg kg -1 for As, Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni, respectively. Concentration of Sb was below the detection limit for all investigated samples. This study showed that concentration of As and Pb in several samples did not comply with European Union regulative. Bioaccessibility study showed the high degree of leaching of Cr and As from pencils, but regardless of extracted portions, concentrations of selected inves- tigated TEs were below allowed levels. Уобичајена навика деце да оловке жваћу или држе устима може довести до осло- бађања евентуално присутних токсичних елемената и њиховог уношења у организам. Већина таквих елемената, захваљујући великом кумулативном потенцијалу, представ- љају потенцијални ризик по здравље деце ометајући, пре свега, њихов когнитивни раз- вој. Циљ овog рада био је одређивање укупног садржаја As, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni и Sb у узор- цима дрвених и воштаних бојица, те проценa њихове биодоступности. Испитивано је укупно 60 узорака бојица, различитих боја, 10 различитих произвођача. Узорци су при- премани методом микроталасне дигестије, а за процену биодоступности примењена је екстракција вештачком саливом. Садржај испитиваних елемената je одређиван методом индуктивно спрегнуте плазме оптичке емисионе спектрометрије (ICP-OES). Укупан садржај свих испитиваних елемената је био већи у дрвеним него у воштаним бојицама и максималне измерене концентрације (mg kg -1 ) износе: 5,78 (As); 9,36 (Pb); 9,97 (Cr); 0,615 (Cd); 6,63 (Ni). Садржај Sb је за све испитиване узорке нижи од границе детекције. Добијени резултати су показали да концентрација As и Pb у неколико узорака бојица није у сагласности са важећом регулативом Европске Уније. Испитивање биодоступ- ности токсичних елемената је показало да су As и Cr лако екстрактабилни, али неза- висно од процента екстракције садржај свих испитиваних елемената у екстрактима веш- тачке саливе је нижи од дозвољених вредности.

Conventionally used spectrometric techniques of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-MS) usually involve time-consuming sample preparation procedure of a sample dissolution which requires the usage of aggressive and toxic chemicals. The need for suitable and sustainable analytical methods for direct multi-elemental analysis of plant samples has been increased in recent years. Spectrometric techniques for direct sample analysis, instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) have been applied in environmental studies and various fields of screening tests. Nevertheless, these techniques are not commonly used for plant sample analysis and their performances need to be evaluated. This research aimed to assess how reliable non-destructive techniques are in the determination of elements in plants compared to conventionally used spectrometric techniques. A total of 49 plant samples of four conifer species (Pinus nigra, Abies alba, Taxus baccata and Larix decidua) were measured using two conventionally applied (ICP-MS, ICP-OES) and two non-destructive techniques (wavelength dispersive XRF (WD-XRF), INAA). The comparison was performed by investigation of relative ratios of concentrations and by correlation analysis. Moreover, precision of the techniques was examined and compared. The quality control included analysis of NIST pine needles certified reference material (1575a) using all examined techniques. Our results suggest that additional analytical and quality control steps are necessary for reaching the highest accuracy of multi-elemental analysis. Конвенционално коришћене спектрометријске технике (ICP-OES, ICP-MS) обично подразумевају дуготрајну процедуру припреме узорка која захтева коришћење агресивних и токсичних хемикалија за минерализацију. У последњих неколико година расте потреба за погодним и одрживим аналитичким методама за директну мулти-елементарну анализу биљних узорака. Спектрометријске технике за директну анализу (INAA, XRF) се већ примењују у еколошким истраживањима и у различитим пољима скрининг испитивања. Ипак, ове технике нису уобичајено коришћене за анализу биљака и њихове перформансе морају бити процењене. Циљ овог истраживања је био да се процени колико су недеструктивне технике поуздане код одређивања елемената у биљном материјалу, у односу на рутински коришћене спектрометријске технике. Укупно 49 узорака четири врсте четинара (Pinus nigra, Abies alba, Taxus baccata и Larix decidua) су анализиране помоћу две рутински коришћене (ICP-MS и ICP-OES) и две недеструктивне технике (WD-XRF и INAA). Технике су упоређене испитивањем релативних односа концентрација и помоћу корелационе анализе. Поред тога, испитана је и упоређена прецизност техника. Програм контроле квалитета је обухватао анализу сертификованог референтног материјала, иглица бора (NIST 1575a) помоћу свих коришћених техника. Резултати нашег истраживања сугеришу да су неопходни додатни аналитички и кораци контроле квалитета како би се постигла максимална тачност мулти-елементарне анализе.

Honey is a natural substance produced by honeybees from the nectar or secretion of flowering plants. Along with the botanical and geographical origin, several environmental factors also play a major role in determining the characteristics of honey. The aim of this study is to determine and compare the elemental concentration of various macro and trace elements in apiary and wild honeys collected from different parts of Indian Sundarbans. The elemental analysis was performed in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy preceded by microwave digestion method. The concentrations of 19 elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn) were investigated from thirteen locations of Indian Sundarbans. This comparative study shows in wild honey samples, the concentration of K was highest followed by Ca, Mg and Na and Zn was lowest among all. In contrast, in apiary honey samples, Ca had maximum concentration followed by K, Mg and Na and Ag had minimum among all. The elemental concentration in honey from apiary was either equal or higher than their wild counterpart. The results of the factor analysis of PCA algorithm for wild and apiary honey samples were highly variable which implies that the elements are not coming from the same origin. The concentration of element was found to be highly variable across sites and across sources of honey samples.

ICP-OES is a powerful, versatile, and advanced analytical technique with excellent detection properties. Due to its extraordinary features, it has been widely employed for the analysis of a wide variety of chemical elements in the past few years with great success. It offers the least detection time, lower detection limits, broader linear dynamic range, and greater matrix tolerability as well as negligible chemical interferences. Beyond this, it can handle multiple varieties of samples including aqueous, inorganic, organic liquids, and solids as well. It comprises complex instrumental makeup which enables it to detect up to 2 to 70 elements simultaneously with great accuracy. Recent reports evidenced that this hyphenated technique has been employed in several analytical determinations including food analysis, agricultural investigations, geological studies, drug/metabolite analysis, and environmental and forensic sciences. In the present compilation, a detailed description of the fundamental principles of ICP-OES has been provided along with its various sophisticated functional components. Also, the reported applications of this technique in different fields have been discussed highlighting the basic experimental setups and outcomes by presenting the data as tables. This summarization may be helpful to analysts to get insights into the working as well as performance characteristics of this technique.

We successfully offer a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the micro-toxic elements that are found in various brands of commercial ink powders (CIPs) available in Saudi Arabia employing short...

Background Swarnabhasma (calcined gold) is a famous ancient Ayurvedic medicine. However, its detail characteristic investigations are very limited. Objective(s) Herein, investigation of swarnabhasma is demonstrated using ancient and ultramodern techniques to understand the physicochemical nature of this drug, and to understand whether the mercury [Parada] used during preparation method marks its presence in swarnabhasma. Materials and methods The investigated swarnabhasma was prepared by repeated incinerations of Au–Hg-Lemon juice amalgamation and sulphur. The bhasma was tested by all traditional tests of rasashastra. It was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscopy (FE-TEM), Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and gravimetric analysis. Results Traditional tests of rasashastra were complied by the sample. XRD confirms that swarnabhasma consists of principally pure gold at nanoscale. FE-SEM showed agglomerated particles. FE-TEM showed that swarnabhasma contains highly crystalline nanostructured gold comprised with spherical gold nanoparticles of size, 5–20 nm. ICP-AES exhibited absolute absence of Hg and presence of Au, Si, Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Sr, Ti, and Zn. EDXRF confirmed the absence of mercury and confirmed the presence of Au, Si, Zr, Nb, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, and Ni. FTIR confirmed presence of water molecules adsorbed over surface of bhasma. Gravimetric analysis confirmed presence of 95% gold. Conclusion Nano-structuring of gold enhances the surface area as well as activity. The present investigation shows that the entire process from rasashastra confers the unique nanostructure to gold and same is responsible for its medicinal potential. This nanomedicine is highly stable, which is specified as niruttha and apunarbhava in rasashastra.

This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), and arsenic metalloid (As), to assess their health risks in the popular depilatory products of the Iranian markets. Twenty-one samples of 7 popular brands of depilatory products, inclusive of cream and powder, were examined. Selected elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) using the appropriate procedure for acid digestion and the measurement of heavy metal contents. The differences in heavy metal concentrations were investigated according to the type of product, brand, country of production, and product price using t test and one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test. Finally, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessments were calculated for the studied elements. The results showed that Pb (5.46±2.30 mg/kg) and Co (0.16±0.69 mg/kg) had the highest and lowest concentrations in these products, respectively. In general, the concentration of heavy metals in depilatory creams was less than the concentration of elements in depilatory powders and less than the maximum allowable limits as defined by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI). There was a direct and significant relationship between the concentration of heavy metals in depilatory powders and the product's price. Moreover, the amount of As in one of the brands of depilatory powder was determined to exceed the standard value (2 mg/kg). Also, hazard index (HI) and lifetime cancer risk (LCR) were below 1 and 10-6, respectively, which indicated that this mentioned heavy metal had no probable non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for consumers. According to this study, it was evident that the chances of cancer and non-cancer risk using depilatory products were unlikely, but continuous use can be harmful due to the excessive accumulation of these heavy metals.

Quantitative and qualitative analyze of toxic and nutritional elements existing in different kinds of black tea (Camellia Sinensis) leaves available in Pakistan was conducted with calibration free/laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF/LIBS). A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser employed to create micro-plasma on the tea sample surfaces. The quantitative analysis accomplished by studying the spectral emissions of plasma using a dedicated spectrometer. Iron, magnesium, sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum, and zinc were measured as essential nutrients, while chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, and lead as toxic metals. In order to get precise and reliable analysis, the LIBS setup was optimized by performing various parametric dependence studies. The Boltzmann plot method was adopted for calculation the plasma temperature its average values are between ~ 7500 and 9000 K for all kinds of tea leaves. To find out the electron number density (Ne), the Stark broadened line of atmospheric hydrogen pea (Hα) was chosen and was found between 1.13 × 1017 cm−3 and 1.61 × 1017 cm−3. The laser-generated micro-plasma was optically thin, and the effect of self-absorption in spectral emission lines was found negligible. The LIBS results were verified by means of inductively coupled plasma/atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP/AES). The findings obtained using LIBS and ICP techniques displayed an excellent agreement which exhibit that LIBS is very good to for spectro-chemical analysis of food products.

In this study, potassium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (K-doped ZnO NPs) were green-synthesized using pine pollen extracts based on bioethics principles. The synthesized NPs were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles (NPs) on normal macrophage cells and cancer cell lines was evaluated. In the same concentrations of K-doped ZnO and pure ZnO NPs, K-doped ZnO NPs demonstrated higher toxicity. The results confirmed that the doped potassium could increase cytotoxicity. The IC50 of K-doped ZnO NPs, pure ZnO NPs, and the examined control drug were 497 ± 15, 769 ± 12, and 606 ± 19 µg/mL, respectively. Considering the obtained IC50 of K-doped ZnO NPs, they were more toxic to the cancer cell lines and had less cytotoxicity on normal macrophage cells.

Cosmetics production and use are growing worldwide, yet users are concerned about toxicity and heavy metal pollution. Following nitric acid digestion, the estimated levels of lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), and cobalt (Co), in 6 brands of lipstick (12 samples) obtained in the Saudi market have been computed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Correlation coefficients (R2) varied from 0.9992 to 0.9999 on the calibration curve, indicating good linearity. Except for low-cost specimens, the findings indicate that the concentrations of the metals under investigation are often lower than the acceptable limits of both the Saudi Standards, Metrology, and Quality Organization (SASO) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (which revealed the maximum lead levels of 125.30 ppm, exceeding the allowed limit of 10 ppm). Arsenic was discovered in significant concentrations, exceeding the SASO permitted limit. Nickel was found at the FDAs allowable limit; chromium and cobalt were found in variable quantities in the majority of the specimens. Dark-colored lipstick had a greater overall content of heavy metals than light-colored lipstick. Numerous tests on SASO-approved lipsticks were conducted as part of the research. The lower-cost specimens were of lesser quality, failing some SASO tests. All such findings suggest that users should be cautious when buying low lipsticks since heavy metals may build up in the body over time, causing skin problems or diseases like cancer.

Wheat is an important cereal product because of its nutritional value, economy, culture, and history. Einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) assumed as the oldest wheat. Einkorn locally called “siyez” has recently become popular as a super grain with the thought of being very nutritious in Turkey. In this study, the contents of macrominerals (Na, Mg, Ca, and K) and microminerals (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in twenty-one einkorn samples collected from different cultivation areas in Kastamonu were determined by using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry following microwave-assisted acid digestion. The results were compared with those analyzed in einkorn and other wheat types in the literature. Average concentrations of K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cr and Cu analyzed in einkorn samples were found as 3712, 1303, 656, 53, 167, 34, 29, 0,7 and 0,6 mg kg-1, respectively. The literature comparison revealed that the investigated einkorn samples were richer in terms of Ca and Fe contents compared to einkorn, emmer, spelt, buckwheat, and durum wheat samples grown in our country and different countries.

Nutrients play an essential role in many metabolic processes whose deficiency or excess can be harmful to the plant itself and through the food chain to both animals and humans. Medicinal plants used in the food and pharmaceutical industries can be contaminated with increased concentrations of heavy metals. The plant species Seseli rigidum and Seseli pallasii from the Balkan Peninsula are used in traditional medicine and spices in the diet, so it was necessary to determine the mineral composition to ensure their safe application. In this work, the mineral composition was determined in medicinal species of the genus Seseli using inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Two multivariate statistic methods –principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied to distinguish samples regarding their mineral composition. The mineral composition of both studied species is following the literature data. The results obtained using multivariate statistics methods agree and distinguish certain parts of the tested plants based on the highest content of micro, macro, or trace elements.

Manganese-substituted tricalcium phosphates (TCPs), Ca3(PO4)2, containing 0–1.49 wt % manganese have been prepared by heterophase synthesis using mechanical activation. The percentage of manganese has been determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The compounds have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ceramic coatings have been produced using an arc plasma source. The coatings have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and SEM with the use of energy dispersive X-ray analysis. They have been shown to consist of α-TCP and hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2). Manganese ions have been shown to be incorporated into the crystal lattice of TCP. After holding in physiological solution at pH 7.4 for 90 days, neither manganese nor phosphorus was detected in the coatings. After holding in physiological solution, the coatings consisted of calcium carbonate, as was demonstrated by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The coatings produced on titanium implants are promising for use in orthopedics and dentistry.

Speciation can provide knowledge about absorption, reactivity to binding sites, bioavailability, toxicity, and excretion of elements. In this study, the speciation of copper in different model solutions under the influence of gastrointestinal (GI) pH was studied by ion selective electrode (ISE) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). It was found that the electrode response (mV) against Cu2+ decreased with the increase in pH and dropped to the lowest point at pH 7.5 in all model solutions. When amino acids and organic acids were present, the ratio of filtered copper (0.45 μm, pH 7.5) was more than 90%. When casein was present, whey protein, pancreatin, and starch were added, and the ratio of filtered copper was 85.6 ± 0.3, 56.7 ± 8.8, 38.5 ± 5.1, and 1.0 ± 0.3%, respectively. When there is not enough organic ligand, excessive copper will form copper hydroxide precipitation with the increase in pH, but it got the highest electrode response (mV) against Cu2+. From this study, it can be concluded that the speciation of copper in GI tract is strongly influenced by the pH and the composition of food. When there are few ligands coexisting in the GI tract, the concentration of copper ion may be relatively high., The speciation of copper with different food components/digestive juice components in the environment of digestive tract was studied by ion selective electrode and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The result indicates that different types of food will lead to different forms of copper distribution. The food rich in soluble ligands may lead to high soluble copper and then high bioavailability. And the food without ligands (water) may have high copper ions in digestive tract, which may lead to toxicity.

Progress improving zinc nutrition globally is slowed by limited understanding of population zinc status. This challenge is compounded when small differences in measurement can bias the determination of zinc deficiency rates. Our objective was to evaluate zinc analytical accuracy and precision among different instrument types and sample matrices using a standardized method. Participating laboratories analyzed zinc content of plasma, serum, liver samples, and controls, using a standardized method based on current practice. Instrument calibration and drift were evaluated using a zinc standard. Accuracy was evaluated by percent error vs. reference, and precision by coefficient of variation (CV). Seven laboratories in 4 countries running 9 instruments completed the exercise: 4 atomic absorbance spectrometers (AAS), 1 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and 4 ICP mass spectrometers (ICP-MS). Calibration differed between individual instruments up to 18.9% (p p = 0.91, p = 0.15, respectively). Among sample matrices, serum and plasma zinc measures had the highest CV: 4.8% (3.0%, 7.7%) and 3.9% (2.9%, 5.4%), respectively (p

This study evaluates the efficiency of acid extraction and total digestion to determine the presence of metals in geopropolis produced by the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris. Geopropolis samples were collected at five meliponaries in the city and in the metropolitan region of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. The sample treatment methods comprised acid extraction and total digestion. The Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES) technique was used to quantify Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, and Zn. Geopropolis samples submitted to both digestion methods showed statistical differences. For both methods, Cr and Zn showed the highest concentrations, while those of Cd were the lowest. The Cr concentration for determination by total digestion was 37.53 mg/kg, while for acid extraction it was 32.90 mg/kg. For Zn, the concentration was 17.65 mg/kg and 8.85 mg/kg for total digestion and acid extraction, respectively. The total digestion method showed the highest concentrations of the metals evaluated; however, acid extraction (USEPA 3050b) is a more straightforward procedure for metal evaluation in geopropolis samples and presented values that support the use of geopropolis as a bioindicator. The acid extraction method USEPA 3050b, in combination with detection using ICP OES, showed efficiency in analyses carried out to determine metals in geopropolis.

This experiment was carried out to determine Uranium in a geological samples collected from Gattar area, North Eastern Desert of Egypt which examined by scanning electron microscope (EDX) to be characterized by hematization, silicification, muscovitization and fluoritization which are the most dominant alteration associated with the uranium mineralization. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used for this study. Two methods of digestion of samples were used in the experiment and four emission lines were selected for uranium to choose the more sensitive one. The physical parameter conditions were adjusted by using standard solution of uranium to be 1200 W for RF power current, 35 psi for nebulizer gas pressure and 18 L/min for coolant gas pressure. The interference effect of some elements was studied on the selected line and showed that, the determination of uranium by ICP-OES is affected seriously by iron, aluminum, calcium, thorium and rare earth elements. The results of uranium determination at 303.199 nm with precipitation method were compared with the results from XRF method which shown acceptable accuracy and low time consuming other method.

This study discusses the application of microwave-assisted sample preparation for inorganic samples using concentrated or diluted HNO3 solutions followed by determination of Al, Ca, Cu, Cr, Fe, K, ...

The aim of this study was to develop a new and rapid sample digestion procedure for metal extraction using ultrasonic energy together with a combination of an ionic liquid and mineral acids as extractants. A fixed mass of sediment (about 0.50 g) was extracted with a combination of low volumes of NaHCO3, HCl, HNO3, HF and the ionic liquid Bmim[BF4]. Afterwards, the mixture was sonicated for 20 min. After neutralizing the hydrofluoric acid excess, the extracts were filtered and measured by ICP OES where Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined. The recoveries in certified reference materials ranged from 92 to 102% for LGC-6137, from 88 to 98% for IAEA SL-1 and from 81 to 98% for MURST-ISS-A1, with a good precision (relative standard deviation (RSD)

This research was performed to assess the concentration and health risk of eight trace elements (manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and arseni...

A presença do chumbo na composição química do esmalte dentário pode gerar hipoplasias, aumentar o risco de desmineralização e cárie. A partir de um grupo original de 17 participantes, foram determinados e comparados os resultados de níveis prévios de chumbo no esmalte dentário superficial saudável e no esmalte afetado por hipoplasia em 2 casos. Foram realizadas microbiópsias ácidas in vivo de esmalte dentário superficial, analisadas por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES) para determinação do fósforo (P) e espectrometria de absorção atômica de forno de grafite (GF AAS) para determinação do chumbo (Pb). Caso 1: O teor de P na solução ácida referente ao esmalte saudável foi 25.200 mgP/L ± 0.200 e na solução referente à hipoplasia foi 16.400 mgP/L ± 0.100. O nível de chumbo na área de esmalte saudável foi de 20.02 ppm e 18.04 ppm na área de hipoplasia. Caso 2: O teor de P na solução ácida referente ao esmalte saudável foi 35.800 mgP/L ± 0.300 e na solução referente à hipoplasia foi 2.720 mgP/L ± 0.030. O nível de chumbo na área de esmalte saudável foi de 4.37 ppm e 236.69 ppm na área de hipoplasia. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação ao teor de fósforo e profundidade da biópsia na comparação das médias entre os dois casos de hipoplasia e esmalte saudável do grupo de origem dos casos.

Pure and carbonate- or silicate-substituted strontium apatites (i.e., SrHAP, SrCAP and SrSiP) were synthesized via alkaline hydrolysis of strontium hydrogen phosphate using sodium hydroxide, carbonate, and metasilicate, respectively. Zinc substitution in SrSiP was performed by an ion exchange reaction to yield SrZnSiP. Characterization of these strontium apatites was carried out by powder XRD, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), SEM- Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), FE-SEM and TEM- Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED). From elemental analyses, the Sr/P ratios of all samples were found to be around 1.5, suggesting that these are strontium-deficient apatites. From FTIR analysis, presence of both the structural OH group and the HPO4 group could not be confirmed. Crystal morphology strongly depends on the pH during sample preparation. At high pH, bundles of spindle-like nanocrystalline SrHAP, SrSiP and SrZnSiP were produced, whereas at lower pH, cubical crystallite of SrCAP with increased crystallinity was formed. Powder XRD analysis revealed the effects of these substituents on the hexagonal lattice parameters which agreed well with the known dependence for the corresponding substituted hydroxyapatite. The relationship between the lattice parameters a and c for calcium to barium hydroxyapatite groups collected from various studies together with our data, showed a universal linear relationship represented by the following equation, c = 1.1348a −3.8043 with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9982. Dissolution behavior of SrZnSiP in pure water was investigated by the surface coating on β-TCP disc. For over 24 days, Sr, Si and Zn ions were released constantly within moderate concentration ranges.

The purpose of this work is to produce an alternative cost-effective adsorbent to remove zinc and cadmium from wastewater using hydroxyapatite (HAP) synthesized with hydrothermal method from FGD (Flue gas desulfurization) waste generated by two different coal power plants. The effects of FGD type (Cayırhan and Orhaneli) and molar ratio (H3PO4/CaSO4) (0.6–4.79) on HAP synthesis were investigated. Afterwards, effects of the adsorbent dose (1–2 g/L), heavy metal concentration (30, 40, 50 mg/L) and contact time (1, 2, 3, 4 h) on zinc and cadmium adsorption yield from synthetic wastewater using produced HAP were examined. FGD waste and synthesized FGD-HAP were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) instruments. The zinc and cadmium concentration was studied by Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Maximum zinc adsorption capacity of the Cayırhan FGD-HAP was 49.97 and 49.99 mg/L, Orhaneli FGD-HAP was 49.96 and 49.99 mg/L, for 1 g/L and 2 g/L adsorbent dose, respectively, for 50 mg/L heavy metal concentration and 4 h contact time. Maximum cadmium adsorption capacity of the Cayırhan FGD-HAP was 39.98 and 39.99 mg/L, Orhaneli FGD-HAP was 40 and 39.99 mg/L, for 1 g/L and 2 g/L adsorbent dose, respectively, for 40 mg/L heavy metal concentration and 4 h contact time. Adsorption yields were calculated between 98.53% and 100%. The adsorption data were well explained by a second-order kinetic model, and the Freundlich isotherm model fits the equilibrium data. The adsorption results demonstrated that FGD's waste is an effective source to synthesize HAP, which is used as an adsorbent for zinc and cadmium removal from wastewater due to high adsorption capacity. HIGHLIGHTS An alternative FGD-HAP adsorbent was produced to remove Zn and Cd from wastewater.; FGD waste generated by coal power plants was used for FGD-HAP synthesis.; The heterogeneous and porous nature confirms that FGD-HAP is a successful adsorbent.; The maximum removal efficiency of the FGD-HAPs was calculated between 98.53% and 100%.; FGD waste pollution was eliminated and FGD waste was changed into valuable product.

In this study, it was aimed to determine some element contents and some quality properties and tocompare these parameters at each stage in the chemically refining process of crude corn oil. Color(lovibond tintometer), free fatty acidity, peroxide values and fatty acid compositions were determinedin the samples of corn oil taken from consecutive stages of chemically refining. Also, the content ofelements (Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, Zn, Co, Cr, P, Cu) was analyzed, by using inductivelycoupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively-coupled plasma-optical emissionspectrometry (ICP-OES) after microwave digestion. The color (Lovibond tintometer), free fattyacidity and peroxide values in the chemically refining process varied between 2.7-16, %0.09-2.12,10.95-1.08 mEqO2/kg, respectively. Oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid contents changed between30.486-30.580%, 54.339-54.703% and 0.972-0.993%, respectively, in the chemically refining stages.While no trans fatty acids detected in crude corn oil and after degumming-neutralization step, verylow amount of trans oleic acid (0.040%) and total trans linoleic acid (0.132%) was detected inbleached corn oil. The total trans fatty acid content little more increased in the last stage of thechemically refining. However, total trans fatty acid content of refined corn oil was < 0.3%. It wasclearly seen that Na, Mg, K, P, Ca, Mn, Fe, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu element contents decreased significantlyat the end of the chemically refining process. Although Cd, Co and Zn elements were determined incrude corn oil, these elements were not detected in the refined corn oil. The results obtained showedthat the chemically refining process effected some of the quality properties of corn oil and especiallythe changes in the element contents Bu çalışmada, hammısır yağının kimyasalrafinasyon prosesisürecinde bazı element içerikleri ile bazı kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve bu parametrelerin her rafinasyon aşamasında karşılaştırılması amaçlandı. Kimyasal rafinasyonun aşamalarından alınan mısır yağı örneklerinde renk (lovibond tintometre), serbest yağ asitliği, peroksit değerleri ve yağ asidi bileşimleri tespit edildi. İlave olarak, indüktif eşleşmiş plazma/optik emisyon spektroskopisi (ICP-OES) ve indüktif eşleşmiş plazma/kütle spektroskopisi (ICPMS) cihazlarında element (Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, Zn, Co, Cr, P, Cu) analizleri yapıldı. Kimyasal rafinasyon sürecinde renk (Lovibond tintometer), serbest yağ asitliği ve peroksit değerleri sırasıyla 2.7-16, %0.09-2.12, 1.08-10.95 mEqO2/kg aralığında değişim gösterdi. Oleik, linoleik ve linolenik asit içerikleri kimyasal rafinasyon aşamalarında sırasıyla %30.580-30.486, %54.703-54.164 ve %0.993- 0.972 aralığında değişti. Ham mısır yağında ve gum giderme-nötralizasyon aşamasından sonra trans yağ asidi belirlenemez iken, ağartılmış mısır yağında çok düşük miktarlarda trans oleik asit (%0.040) ve toplam trans linoleik asit (%0.132) tespit edildi. Toplam trans yağ asidi içeriği kimyasal rafinasyonun son aşamasında bir miktar artış gösterdi. Bununla birlikte, toplam trans yağ asidi içeriği %3’ün altında kaldı. Kimyasal rafinasyon işlemi sonunda Na, Mg, K, P, Ca, Mn, Fe, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu element içeriklerinin çok önemli düzeyde azaldığı açık bir şekilde görüldü. Cd, Co ve Zn elementleri ham mısır yağında tespit edilmesine rağmen ise rafine mısır yağında bu elementler tespit edilemedi. Elde edilen sonuçlar kimyasal rafinasyonu prosesinin mısır yağının bazı kalite özelliklerine ve bilhassa element içeriklerine etkili olduğunu gösterdi.

Natural products play an important role in medicine. They have been used extensively in folk medicine to treat various illnesses. In this work, quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in methanol, acetonitrile and dichloromethane extracts of Rosa canina L. waste seeds were investigated by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) LC-MS/MS. Mineral analysis of R. canina seeds was determined by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Fe, Mn, K and Zn were found as chief elements. Quantitative analysis revealed that catechin was the major flavonoid in all extracts. This work offers a viewpoint for recycling the R. canina waste seeds into the economy due to their bioactive content.

The present article introduces an elemental composition analysis of copper and bronze alloys from the burials of the Lepeshkinsky Stage of the Tagar culture, burial site Serebryakovo I in the Kiya-Chulym interfluve. The research featured mounds 2, 12, and 16, which date back to 3–1 centuries B.C. The metal composition of 72 items was investigated by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP AES). The obtained data were subjected to statistical processing, which revealed seven chemical-metallurgical and metallurgical groups of copper-based alloys. The bronze alloys did not depend on the typology of the tools, i.e. knives, engravings, mirrors, deer plaques, etc. The results confirmed the dating of the Lepeshkinsky site between the Saragashensky and the Tesinsky Stages of the Tagar culture. The items revealed a tendency towards a decrease in the proportion of tin bronzes and average concentrations of tin ligatures. The study proved that archaeometallurgical data can help to determine the relative-chronological position of the Tagar culture burial complexes.