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私は，小学校の教員生活を17年間，大学の教員生活を34年間続けてきた。それは1970年代初頭から始まり，2020年代前半に至るまでの50年間に及ぶ。この間，私が中心的に取り組んできたのは「国語教育」に関わる実践と研究である。「文学教育」に関わる研究や実践から出発して，歴史的な研究へと歩みを進めてきた。いうまでもなく，「ことば」と「教育」をめぐる問題は奥が深く，またそのフィールドも広範囲にわたっており，その一端さえ捉えることはできなかったように思う。それでも教科教育の研究者として，教育実践と教育研究とは表裏一体のものだという実感と信念だけは確かめ得た。本稿では，その実感と信念とを確認するため，「国語教育研究個体史」という題のもとで，私の教員生活を振り返ってみたい。, I have been an elementary school teacher for 17 years and a university teacher for 34. My career began early 1970s and has spanned 50 years up to the present. During this time, my main focus has been on the practice and research related to "Kokugo-Kyoiku=Japanese Language Education." Starting from research and practice related to "Literary Education," we have advanced to historical research. Needless to say, the issues surrounding "language" and "education" are extensive, and the fields are wide-ranging, so I think I could not even grasp a fraction of them. Nevertheless, as a researcher in subject education, I was able to confirm only the realization and belief that educational practice and research are two sides of the same coin. In this article, I would like to reflect on my life as a teacher in this work to confirm that feeling and belief.

The cointribution focuses on the fugura of Patricia Hill Collins. In 2009 she was the 100th president of the American Sociological Association (ASA) and the first African American woman elected to this position. Collins fits into the strand called Black Feminism although her main areas of research have touched on issues of racism, social inequality, sexuality and the sociology of knowledge in addition to gender issues.

Każdy człowiek jako szczególne stworzenie Boże (por. Rdz 1,27) ma swoją indywidualną historię nie tylko jako byt samoistny, ale także jako byt ukierunkowany na Boga, czyli mający wspólną z Nim historię. Tę historię ma człowiek jednak nie z siebie samego, lecz z przyjęcia przez Syna Bożego ludzkiej natury. Jego Człowieczeństwo jest więc włączeniem człowieka w historię Boga. Skutkiem tego włączenia jest ostatecznie uczestnictwo człowieka w prolepsie końca, który dokonał się w Wydarzeniu Chrystusa, a konkretnie w Jego zmartwychwstaniu. Jezus Chrystus jest więc w swoim Wydarzeniu (Wcielenie, Krzyż, Zmartwychwstanie, Wywyższenie) konkretną postacią indywidualnej historii człowieka, ponieważ odzwierciedla prawdziwą istotę człowieka, jest reprezentantem człowieka przed Bogiem Ojcem i ostatecznie jest nadzieją i spełnieniem człowieka w Jego zmartwychwstaniu. Jako prawdziwy Bóg i prawdziwy człowiek jest Jezus Chrystus sensem człowieka w doprowadzeniu go do zbawienia, do życia w życiu samego Boga. W tym wyraża się spełnienie historii indywidualnej człowieka, którą w najwyższym stopniu uprawiają profesorowie ekumeniści Piotr Jaskóła i Wolfhart Pannenberg. Each person is a special God’s creation (see Gen 1:27). Each person has his/her unique life history - not only as an autonomous being, but also as a being oriented towards God, that is a being that shares his/her history with God. This latter type of history is not immanent to humans. It started when the Son of God accepted human nature. Thus, the human nature of Jesus Christ means that a history of each human is merged with the history of God. As a result of this merger, a human can participate in the prolepsis of the end of the world, which came into being through the Event of Jesus Christ, and particularly through His Resurrection. Hence, in His Event (Incarnation, Death on the Cross, Resurrection, Elevation) Jesus Christ is a real concrete manifestation of an individual human history since He is a manifestation of the true nature of the human being. He represents each human being before God the Father and He is the ultimate human hope and fullness through His Resurrection. As true God and a true human, Jesus Christ grants sense to manhood in orienting man to salvation: to life in the life of God. This pathway shows how an individual human history finds its full realization. This approach to the relation between humans and God through history is subject to research by such outstanding ecumenists as Piotr Jaskóła and Wolfhart Pannenberg.

The objective of this study was to evaluate if a multi-sensor system (milk, activity, body posture) was a better classifier for lameness than the single-sensor-based detection models. Between September 2013 and August 2014, 3629 cow observations were collected on a commercial dairy farm in Belgium. Human locomotion scoring was used as reference for the model development and evaluation. Cow behaviour and performance was measured with existing sensors that were already present at the farm. A prototype of three-dimensional-based video recording system was used to quantify automatically the back posture of a cow. For the single predictor comparisons, a receiver operating characteristics curve was made. For the multivariate detection models, logistic regression and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were developed. The best lameness classification model was obtained by the multi-sensor analysis (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) = 0.757 ± 0.029), containing a combination of milk and milking variables, activity and gait and posture variables from videos. Second, the multivariate video-based system (AUC = 0.732 ± 0.011) performed better than the multivariate milk sensors (AUC = 0.604 ± 0.026) and the multivariate behaviour sensors (AUC = 0.633 ± 0.018). The video-based system performed better than the combined behaviour and performance-based detection model (AUC = 0.669 ± 0.028), indicating that it is worthwhile to consider a video-based lameness detection system, regardless the presence of other existing sensors in the farm. The results suggest that Θ2, the feature variable for the back curvature around the hip joints, with an AUC of 0.719 is the best single predictor variable for lameness detection based on locomotion scoring. In general, this study showed that the video-based back posture monitoring system is outperforming the behaviour and performance sensing techniques for locomotion scoring-based lameness detection. A GLMM with seven specific variables (walking speed, back posture measurement, daytime activity, milk yield, lactation stage, milk peak flow rate and milk peak conductivity) is the best combination of variables for lameness classification. The accuracy on four-level lameness classification was 60.3%. The accuracy improved to 79.8% for binary lameness classification. The binary GLMM obtained a sensitivity of 68.5% and a specificity of 87.6%, which both exceed the sensitivity (52.1% ± 4.7%) and specificity (83.2% ± 2.3%) of the multi-sensor logistic regression model. This shows that the repeated measures analysis in the GLMM, taking into account the individual history of the animal, outperforms the classification when thresholds based on herd level (a statistical population) are used. license: © The Animal Consortium 2015 ispartof: Animal vol:10 issue:9 pages:1525-1532 ispartof: location:England status: published

A population growth rate is the sum of all individuals’ reproduction and survival, which in turn depend on many external and internal factors, e.g. weather and individual reproductive history. In plants, for example, previous reproduction can deplete an individual’s resources, resulting in trade-offs between demographic functions. To understand these demographic processes, it is necessary to follow populations for many years. Such long-term studies are especially crucial for endangered species, as they can reveal the causes of population declines and provide information that is directly applicable for the management. In my thesis, I applied this approach to the study of rare orchids. Specifically, I analyzed long-term orchid monitoring data from two countries, Finland and Estonia, to assess the external and internal factors that affect the performance of these long-lived plants, which reproduce both sexually (via seeds) and vegetatively (via new ramets). My research reveals that plant performance depends on both the demographic history and the environment of a plant. For example, although Finnish and Estonian populations of the lady’s slipper orchid, Cypripedium calceolus, differed in direction and statistical significance of their responses to environmental factors, the two most-influential weather variables in both cases were spring snow depth and the temperature of the previous summer. However, the influence of weather on both flowering and vegetative growth was dwarfed by the effect of plants’ own demographic histories: there was a trade-off between current and future reproduction which created asynchronous two-year cycles in reproduction and growth. Furthermore, in all three studied orchid species — the lady’s slipper orchid (C. calceolus), the fairy’s slipper orchid (Calypso bulbosa), and the dark-red helleborine (Epipactis atrorubens) — the probability of dormancy (a state in which the plant spends a year or more underground) and the demographic costs this state incurred with respect to size or future reproduction depended on a plant’s size and whether it flowered prior to dormancy. In other words, dormancy had both absolute and relative costs in large, but not in small, individuals. Finally, I show here that environmental alteration via selective tree removal can be used as a management method to increase orchid reproduction via both seeds and ramets. Tiivistelmä Populaation kasvunopeus riippuu siitä, kuinka monta yksilöä populaatioon syntyy ja kuinka monta yksilöä kuolee. Yksilöiden lisääntyvyyteen ja elossa säilyvyyteen puolestaan vaikuttavat monet ulkoiset ja sisäiset tekijät, kuten sää ja yksilön oma lisääntymishistoria. Kasvilla on rajallinen määrä resursseja, joten sen pitää tehdä kompromisseja eri elintoimintojen, esimerkiksi kasvun ja lisääntymisen, välillä. Klonaaliset kasvit voivat myös lisääntyä usealla tavalla: joko suvullisesti siemenistä tai kasvullisesti tuottamalla uusia versoja. Demografisten prosessien tutkimisessa pitkäaikaiset seuranta-aineistot ovat välttämättömiä. Pitkäaikaisseurannat voivat myös paljastaa uhanalaisen lajin populaation taantumisen syyt ja näistä seurannoista saatua tietoa voidaan soveltaa harvinaisten lajien, esimerkiksi kämmeköiden, suojelutoimien suunnittelussa. Tässä väitöskirjassa analysoin aineistoa kämmeköiden pitkäaikaisseurannoista Suomesta ja Virosta. Tavoitteenani oli arvioida ulkoisten ja sisäisten tekijöiden merkitystä pitkäikäisten kasvien menestykselle. Tulokset osoittavat, että kasvin menestys riippuu sekä yksilön omasta demografisesta historiasta että sen ympäristöstä. Eri säätekijöiden vaikutus tikankontin (Cypripedium calceolus) kasvuun ja kukkimiseen vaihteli Suomen ja Viron välillä, mutta lumen syvyys ja edellisen kasvukauden lämpötila nousivat merkittävimmiksi tekijöiksi molemmissa maissa. Tikankontin kasvu ja kukinta riippuivat kuitenkin säätä enemmän kasvin omasta demografisesta historiasta. Runsas lisääntyminen edeltävällä kasvukaudella vähensi lisääntymistä tulevalla kasvukaudella, mikä johti kaksivuotiseen jaksottaisuuteen tikankontin lisääntymisessä ja kasvussa. Tutkiessani dormanssia (lepotila, jossa kasvi ei tuota maanpäällistä versoa) kolmella kämmekkälajilla, tikankontilla, neidonkengällä (Calypso bulbosa) ja tummaneidonvaipalla (Epipactis atrorubens), havaitsin lisäksi, että todennäköisyys siirtyä dormanssiin riippui kasvin koosta. Myöskin tämän lepotilan aiheuttamat kustannukset olivat riippuvaisia kasvin aikaisemmasta tilasta. Isoilla kasveilla dormanssilla oli sekä suoria kustannuksia että kustannuksia suhteessa versomiseen. Pienillä kasveilla näitä kustannuksia ei ollut. Osoitan väitöskirjassani myös, että maltillisella puunpoistolla voidaan lisätä tikankonttipopulaatioiden siementuottoa ja versotiheyttä.

Dominance relationships structure many animal societies, yet the process of rank attainment is poorly understood. We investigated acquisition of social dominance in winter flocks and its fitness consequences in male black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) over a 10-year period. Age was the best predictor of rank, and paired comparisons showed high-ranked males to be older than their low-ranked flock-mates. When controlling for age, morphological variables did not predict male social rank, but high-ranked males were heavier, had lower fat scores and were in leaner condition than low-ranked males. Males that survived between years tended to increase in rank over time; however, the rate of rank advancement varied individually. Rank reversals between familiar contestants were rare, and changes in male social rank were associated with changes in flock membership. Average lifetime reproductive success (LRS) of males and females was variable and best predicted by lifespan. Male rank history also influenced realized reproductive success. Birds with higher average rank over their lifespan were more likely to reproduce successfully. However, among successful birds, average rank did not significantly predict LRS. Thus, birds that lived longer and attained high social rank earlier had higher fitness, but this effect was not manifested as fine-scale differences among successful individuals. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the importance of social factors influencing individual fitness. (c) 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society.

International audience; L'article propose un double filtre d'étude et de lecture des cheminements scolaires d'élèves porteurs de lésions cérébrales acquises. En première intention, c'est le filtre de l'observation en séance d'éducation physique et sportive donnant lieu à l'émergence d'une forme de "désorientation" contagieuse en contexte qui est traité. En second, c'est la mobilisation d'une référence à la démarche historienne dans sa double dimension de "chronologie" et "d'archéologie" qui est abordée pour soutenir la lecture des défis complexes auxquels les élèves et leurs familles sont sommés de faire face après l'accident. Au final, le cheminement de l'observateur fait émerger la complexité d'un parcours scolaire semé d'embûches mais néanmoins riche de potentiels à explorer.