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Iron overload causes progressive organ damage and is associated with arthritis, liver damage, and heart failure. Elevated iron levels are present in 1%-5% of individuals; however, iron overload is undermonitored and underdiagnosed. Genetic factors affecting iron homeostasis are emerging. Individuals with hereditary xerocytosis, a rare disorder with gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in mechanosensitive PIEZO1 ion channel, develop age-onset iron overload. We show that constitutive or macrophage expression of a GOF Piezo1 allele in mice disrupts levels of the iron regulator hepcidin and causes iron overload. We further show that PIEZO1 is a key regulator of macrophage phagocytic activity and subsequent erythrocyte turnover. Strikingly, we find that E756del, a mild GOF PIEZO1 allele present in one-third of individuals of African descent, is strongly associated with increased plasma iron. Our study links macrophage mechanotransduction to iron metabolism and identifies a genetic risk factor for increased iron levels in African Americans.

Pharmacogenomics is one of the emerging approaches to precision medicine, tailoring drug selection and dosing to the patient’s genetic features. In recent years, several pharmacogenetic guidelines have been published by international scientific consortia, but the uptake in clinical practice is still poor. Many coordinated international efforts are ongoing in order to overcome the existing barriers to pharmacogenomic implementation. On the other hand, existing validated pharmacogenomic markers can explain only a minor part of the observed clinical variability in the therapeutic outcome. New investigational approaches are warranted, including the study of the pharmacogenomic role of the immune system genetics and of previously neglected rare genetic variants, reported to account for a large part of the inter-individual variability in drug metabolism. In this Special Issue, we collected a series of articles covering many aspects of pharmacogenomics. These include clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice, development of tools or infrastractures to support this process, research of new pharmacogenomics markers to increase drug efficacy and safety, and the impact of rare genetic variants in pharmacogenomics.

Down Syndrome (DS) is the most frequent form of intellectual disability (ID) of genetic origin, whose main features include craniofacial dysmorphisms and cardiovascular defects. In 1959, Lejeune and coll. described an extra copy of chromosome 21 (Hsa21) in children with DS (trisomy 21, or T21). We first review how different biological mechanisms may lead to the gain of genetic material of Hsa21 in the cells, originating from different combinations of genetic conditions, including a free or translocated extra copy of Hsa21, distributed in all cells or only in a part of them (mosaicism), with a complete or partial representation of the Hsa21 long arm (21q). Although it is broadly agreed that the DS phenotype originates from the altered expression of the genes located on Hsa21, its molecular pathogenesis is still unknown. We therefore illustrate how recent genomic science may be useful in the elucidation of the genotype-phenotype relationship in DS.

A population in a natural crossroad within Europe reveals multiple ancient contributions and substantial population structure., European populations display low genetic differentiation as the result of long-term blending of their ancient founding ancestries. However, it is unclear how the combination of ancient ancestries related to early foragers, Neolithic farmers, and Bronze Age nomadic pastoralists can explain the distribution of genetic variation across Europe. Populations in natural crossroads like the Italian peninsula are expected to recapitulate the continental diversity, but have been systematically understudied. Here, we characterize the ancestry profiles of Italian populations using a genome-wide dataset representative of modern and ancient samples from across Italy, Europe, and the rest of the world. Italian genomes capture several ancient signatures, including a non–steppe contribution derived ultimately from the Caucasus. Differences in ancestry composition, as the result of migration and admixture, have generated in Italy the largest degree of population structure detected so far in the continent, as well as shaping the amount of Neanderthal DNA in modern-day populations.

International audience; Recent studies have enlightened the complexity of the genetic landscape present in New Guinean populations. From the New Guinean genome, inherited from the Out-of-Africa dispersal 60 000 years ago, to the gene flows from Austronesian groups during the Holocene, and even to the high percentage of genetic introgression from an extinct Homo species named Denisova, the biological diversity of New Guineans is unique. It is a result of the various human migrations to the island but also within its territory, composed by a variety of different ecosystems. These processes created high genetic differentiations between New Guinean groups, a pattern that superficially mirrors the one drawn from the linguistic diversity, one of the highest in the world, with more than 900 languages. Despite these results, major issues remain unresolved regarding New Guinean genetic history. Since 2016, thanks to the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the University of Papua New Guinea, we have developed an international and interdisciplinary research project aiming to reconstruct the demographic and adaptive history of New Guinean populations. A particular focus is put on the interaction between the New Guinean and Non-New Guinean genetic diversities, and how this mirror the highland and lowland division and the main New Guinean language families distribution, in structuring the current human biological landscape of the island.In this paper we will present results based on the analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from New Guinean samples originated from the 22 provinces of Papua New Guinea, and from West Papua (Indonesia). Analyses used an exhaustive comparative dataset, SNP frequency-based (e.g., f3 and f4-statistics) and haplotype-based approaches (FineSTRUCTURE, GLOBETROTTER), and a large interpretative framework (archaeology, anthropology, linguistic). This allows to propose a better description of the different phases of human settlement in New Guinea Island, and better understand the current anthropological landscape.

BACKGROUND Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a complication of KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. Other oncogenic viral infections and malignancies are associated with certain HLA alleles and their natural killer (NK) cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) ligands. We tested whether HLA-KIR influences the risk of KSHV infection or KS. METHODS In population-based case-control studies, we compared HLA class I and KIR gene frequencies in 250 classic (non-AIDS) KS cases, 280 KSHV-seropositive controls, and 576 KSHV-seronegative controls composing discovery and validation cohorts. Logistic regression was used to calculate sex- and age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS In both the discovery and validation cohorts, KS was associated with HLA-A*11:01 (adjusted OR for the combined cohorts, 0.4; P = .002) and HLA-C*07:01 (adjusted OR, 1.6; P = .002). Consistent associations across cohorts were also observed with activating KIR3DS1 plus HLA-B Bw4-80I and homozygosity for HLA-C group 1. With KIR3DS1 plus HLA-B Bw4-80I, the KSHV seroprevalence was 40% lower (adjusted OR for the combined cohorts, 0.6; P = .01), but the KS risk was 2-fold higher (adjusted OR, 2.1; P = .002). Similarly, the KSHV seroprevalence was 40% lower (adjusted OR, 0.6; P = .01) but the KS risk 80% higher with HLA-C group 1 homozygosity (adjusted OR, 1.8; P = .005). CONCLUSIONS KIR-mediated NK cell activation may decrease then risk of KSHV infection but enhance KSHV dissemination and progression to KS if infection occurs.

The study of the genetics of longevity has been mainly addressed by GWASs that considered subjects from different populations to reach higher statistical power. The "price to pay" is that population-specific evolutionary histories and trade-offs were neglected in the investigation of gene-environment interactions. We propose a new "diachronic" approach that considers processes occurred at both evolutionary and lifespan timescales. We focused on a well-characterized population in terms of evolutionary history (i.e. Italians) and we generated genome-wide data for 333 centenarians from the peninsula and 773 geographically-matched healthy individuals. Obtained results showed that: (i) centenarian genomes are enriched for an ancestral component likely shaped by pre-Neolithic migrations; (ii) centenarians born in Northern Italy unexpectedly clustered with controls from Central/Southern Italy suggesting that Neolithic and Bronze Age gene flow did not favor longevity in this population; (iii) local past adaptive events in response to pathogens and targeting arachidonic acid metabolism became favorable for longevity; (iv) lifelong changes in the frequency of several alleles revealed pleiotropy and trade-off mechanisms crucial for longevity. Therefore, we propose that demographic history and ancient/recent population dynamics need to be properly considered to identify genes involved in longevity, which can differ in different temporal/spatial settings.

Disorders of water balance, an excess or deficit of total body water relative to body electrolyte content, are common and ascertained by plasma hypo- or hypernatremia, respectively. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study meta-analysis on plasma sodium concentration in 45,889 individuals of European descent (stage 1 discovery) and 17,637 additional individuals of European descent (stage 2 replication), and a transethnic meta-analysis of replicated single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 79,506 individuals (63,526 individuals of European descent, 8765 individuals of Asian Indian descent, and 7215 individuals of African descent). In stage 1, we identified eight loci associated with plasma sodium concentration at P-6. Of these, rs9980 at NFAT5 replicated in stage 2 meta-analysis (P=3.1 3 x 10-5), with combined stages 1 and 2 genomewide significance of P=5.6 x 10-10. Transethnic meta-analysis further supported the association at rs9980 (P=5.9 x 10-12). Additionally, rs16846053 at SLC4A10 showed nominally, but not genome-wide, significant association in combined stages 1 and 2 meta-analysis (P=6.7 x 10-8). NFAT5 encodes a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that coordinates the intracellular response to hypertonic stress but was not previously implicated in the regulation of systemic water balance. SLC4A10 encodes a sodium bicarbonate transporter with a brain-restricted expression pattern, and variant rs16846053 affects a putative intronic NFAT5 DNA binding motif. The lead variants for NFAT5 and SLC4A10 are cis expression quantitative trait loci in tissues of the central nervous systemand relevant to transcriptional regulation. Thus, genetic variation in NFAT5 and SLC4A10 expression and function in the central nervous system may affect the regulation of systemic water balance.

Genome-wide association studies have identified >50 common variants associated with kidney function, but these variants do not fully explain the variation in eGFR. We performed a two-stage meta-analysis of associations between genotypes from the Illumina exome array and eGFR on the basis of serum creatinine (eGFRcrea) among participants of European ancestry from the CKDGen Consortium (nStage1: 111,666; nStage2: 48,343). In single-variant analyses, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms at seven new loci associated with eGFRcrea (PPM1J, EDEM3, ACP1, SPEG, EYA4, CYP1A1, and ATXN2L; PStage1

Background: Recessive LARS mutations were recently reported to cause a novel syndrome, infantile liver failure syndrome type 1 (ILFS1), in six Irish Travellers. We have since identified four additional patients, including one of Ashkenazi origin, representing the largest ILFS1 cohort to date. Our study aims to define the ILFS1 clinical phenotype to help guide diagnosis and patient management. Methods: We clinically evaluated and reviewed the medical records of ten ILFS1 patients. Clinical features, histopathology and natural histories were compared and patient management strategies reviewed. Results: Early failure to thrive, recurrent liver dysfunction, anemia, hypoalbuminemia and seizures were present in all patients. Most patients (90 %) had developmental delay. Encephalopathic episodes triggered by febrile illness have occurred in 80 % and were fatal in two children. Two patients are currently >28 years old and clinically well. Leucine supplementation had no appreciable impact on patient well-being. However, we suggest that the traditional management of reducing/stopping protein intake in patients with metabolic hepatopathies may not be appropriate for ILFS1. We currently recommend ensuring sufficient natural protein intake when unwell. Conclusions: We report the first non-Irish ILFS1 patient, suggesting ILFS1 may be more extensive than anticipated. Low birth weight, early failure to thrive, anemia and hypoalbuminemia are amongst the first presenting features, with liver dysfunction before age 1. Episodic hepatic dysfunction is typically triggered by febrile illness, and becomes less severe with increasing age. While difficult to anticipate, two patients are currently >28 years old, suggesting that survival beyond childhood may be associated with a favourable long-term prognosis. Health Research Board The Children's Fund for Health, Temple Street Children's University Hospital

Identification of the host genetic factors that contribute to variation in vaccine responsiveness may uncover important mechanisms affecting vaccine efficacy. We carried out an integrative, longitudinal study combining genetic, transcriptional, and immunologic data in humans given seasonal influenza vaccine. We identified 20 genes exhibiting a transcriptional response to vaccination, significant genotype effects on gene expression, and correlation between the transcriptional and antibody responses. The results show that variation at the level of genes involved in membrane trafficking and antigen processing significantly influences the human response to influenza vaccination. More broadly, we demonstrate that an integrative study design is an efficient alternative to existing methods for the identification of genes involved in complex traits. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00299.001, eLife digest Vaccines increase resistance to disease by priming the immune system to respond to specific viruses or microorganisms. By presenting a weakened (or dead) form of a pathogen, or its toxins or surface proteins, to the immune system, vaccines trigger the production of antibodies against the virus or microorganism. If a vaccinated individual then encounters the pathogen, their immune system should be able to recognize and destroy it. Many vaccines also include a secondary agent, known as an adjuvant, to further stimulate the immune response. Influenza, an RNA virus commonly referred to as the ‘flu’, is an infectious disease that affects both birds and mammals. Seasonal epidemics occur each year affecting 2–7% of the population. According to the World Health Organization, influenza leads to nearly 5 million hospitalizations each year and causes up to half a million deaths. Vaccination is a primary strategy for the prevention of seasonal influenza, but responses to the vaccine vary markedly, partly because of variation in the genetic makeup or genotype of individuals. However, the details of how genes influence response to vaccination, and indeed susceptibility to influenza, remain unclear. To investigate the genetic basis of variation in the immune response of healthy adults to the seasonal influenza vaccine, Franco et al. combined information about the genotypes of individuals with measurements of their gene transcription and antibody response to vaccination. They identified 20 genes that contributed to differential immune responses to the vaccine. Almost half of these encode proteins that are not specifically associated with the immune system, but have more general roles in processes such as membrane trafficking and intracellular transport. Focusing on these genes may enable researchers to spot those individuals who are less likely to respond to a vaccine. It could also open up new avenues of research for vaccine development: rather than designing adjuvants that target known immune mechanisms, researchers should develop adjuvants that target the proteins encoded by these 20 genes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00299.002

En République Démocratique du Congo, les malformations congénitales constituent un véritable problème de santé publique. En effet, elles relancent le débat sur les effets de l'intensification de l'activité minière sur la santé de la reproduction. De 2009 à 2010, nous avons calculé une prévalence de 5.84 pour 1000 naissances. Les malformations du système nerveux central étaient les plus fréquentes (2.029 pour 1000) suivies des malformations des membres (1.055 pour 1000), et des fentes oro-faciales (0.811 pour 1000). Ces données sont certainement largement sous-estimées et les causes y relatives en République Démocratique du Congo ne sont ni surveillées, ni prévenues dans le cadre d'une politique gouvernementale. La mise en place d'un registre national et d'un centre national de génétique humaine de référence pourrait constituer un cadre rigoureux, organisé et structuré de surveillance et de prévention des malformations congénitales.

La malformation de Chiari type 1 (MCI) est une anomalie congénitale de la jonction cranio-cérébrale fréquente avec une incidence de 1:1280. MCI est caractérisée par la descente des amygdales cérébelleuses à travers le foramen magnum et est souvent associée à la syringomyélie. Les causes de cette maladie semblent être multifactorielles incluant des facteurs génétiques. La MCI est similaire à une malformation fréquente chez la race des Griffon Bruxellois (GB) connue sous le nom de Malformation Chiari-like (MCL). Le modèle canin offre l’avantage d’une forte homogénéité génétique réduisant ainsi la complexité de la maladie et facilitant l’identification d’un locus causatif. Une étude d’association du génome entier sur une cohorte de 56 GB suivie d’une cartographie fine sur une cohorte de 217 GB a identifié un locus fortement associé à la MCL sur le chromosome 2 (22 SNPs, valeur P= 7 x 10-8) avec un haplotype de 1.9 Mb plus fréquent chez les non affectés. Une seconde étude d’association du génome entier sur une cohorte de 113 GB a permis d’identifier un 2 ème locus fortement associé à la MCL sur le chromosome 13 (25 SNPs , valeur P= 3 x 10 -7) avec un haplotype de 4 Mb surreprésenté chez les non affectés. Ces régions candidates constituent la première étape vers l’identification de gènes causatifs pour la MCL. Notre étude offre un point d’entrée vers une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires sous-tendant la pathogénèse de la MCI humaine., Chiari I malformation (CMI) represents a common congenital abnormality of the craniocerebral junction with an estimated incidence of 1 in 1280. CMI is characterized by a descent of the cerebellar tonsils into the foramen magnum, often in association with syringomyelia. The developmental defect in CMI is thought to be the result of an underdeveloped occipital bone and small posterior fossa. The etiology of CMI is thought to be multifactorial involving genetic factors. CMI in humans is similar to a condition in the dog called Chiari-like malformation (CM) that is particularly common in the Griffon Bruxellois (GB) breeds. A genome wide association study on a 56 GB cohort followed by a fine mapping in a 217 GB cohort have identified a locus on chromosome 2 that was strongly associated with CM (22 SNPs, P value= 7 x 10-8). Haploview analysis of this locus identified a haplotype of 1.9 Mb that was more frequent in non-affected dogs. A second genome wide association study in a 113 GB cohort lead to the identification of another locus on chromosome 13 that was strongly associated with CM (25 SNPs , P value= 3 x 10-7). Analysis of this region identified a 4Mb haplotype that was more frequent in non-affected dogs. Our study constitutes the first essential step towards identification of the causative genes in CM. Our study provides an entry point for better understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of human CMI.

Le Syndrome d’Impatiences Musculaires de l’Éveil (SIME) est une maladie neurologique caractérisée par un besoin urgent de bouger les jambes. C’est également l’une des causes les plus fréquentes d’insomnie. C’est une maladie très répandue, avec une prévalence de presque 15 % dans la population générale. Les maladies multifactorielles comme le SIME sont souvent le résultat de l’évolution d’une composante génétique et d’une composante environnementale. Dans le cadre du SIME, les études d’association génomique ont permis l’identification de 4 variants à effet modéré ou faible. Cependant, ces quatre variants n’expliquent qu’une faible partie de la composante génétique de la maladie, ce qui confirme que plusieurs nouveaux variants sont encore à identifier. Le rôle des déséquilibres génomiques (Copy Number Variations ou CNVs) dans le mécanisme génétique du SIME est à ce jour inconnu. Cependant, les CNVs se sont récemment positionnés comme une source d’intérêt majeur de variation génétique potentiellement responsable des phénotypes. En collaboration avec une équipe de Munich, nous avons réalisé deux études CNVs à échelle génomique (biopuces à SNP et hybridation génomique comparée (CGH)) sur des patients SIME d’ascendance germanique. À l’aide d’une étude cas-contrôle, nous avons pu identifier des régions avec une occurrence de CNVs différentes pour les patients SIME, comparés à différents groupes contrôles. L’une de ces régions est particulièrement intéressante, car elle est concordante à la fois avec des précédentes études familiales ainsi qu’avec les récentes études d’associations génomiques., Restless Legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by the urge to move one’s limbs. It is also one of the most frequent causes of insomnia. The prevalence of RLS is estimated to be around 15% in the general population. Complexes disorders like RLS are often the result of the evolution of genetic and environmental components. For RLS, recent Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) have identified four variants with mild to moderate effects. However, those four variants explain only a small part of the disease heritability and thus, we expect that many new variants are still to be found. The impact of Copy-Number Variation (CNV) in the genetic mechanism of RLS is still unknown. However, many studies have recently position the CNVs as a significant source of genetic variation potentially responsible of phenotypes. In collaboration with a team from Munich, we conducted two genome-wide CNVs studies (Genome Wide SNP chips and Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH)) on RLS patients from Germany. Using cases-controls studies, we identified regions with a different occurrence of CNVs for RLS patients, compared to different groups of controls. One of these regions is particularly interesting, as it has already been identified by both linkage and association studies.

Mental retardation (MR) is a handicap with severe implications not only for thosethat suffer from this disability, but also for their families, society and the welfaresystems which support them. A large proportion of these individuals are afflictedwith the X-linked form of the condition. To date a total of 87 genes have beenimplicated in the pathogenesis of X-linked mental retardation (XLMR).

Orientador: Ricardo Barini Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Resumo: Introdução: Para uma parcela significativa de fetos com defeitos congênitos o diagnóstico sindrômico permanece indefinido, dificultando a abordagem perinatal, o estabelecimento de prognóstico e o aconselhamento genético. A incapacidade de detecção de pequenas instabilidades genômicas, atualmente apontadas como provável fator causal nestas condições dismórficas, é a principal limitação do estudo cromossômico microscópico pelo bandamento G (cariótipo convencional). A hibridização genômica comparativa (comparative genomic hybridization-CGH) é capaz de identificar perdas e ganhos de material genômico com alta resolução, sem envolver o cultivo celular e o conhecimento prévio da região genômica envolvida. Objetivo: Avaliar a aplicabilidade da técnica de array CGH em sangue fetal para o diagnóstico de perdas e ganhos genômicos em um grupo de fetos dismórficos. Sujeitos/Método: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo descritivo a partir de amostras sanguíneas de fetos dismórficos e com cromossomos numericamente normais ao bandamento G, admitidos no Setor de Medicina Fetal do Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (CAISM) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). Foi realizada a caracterização da amostra estudada e uma análise descritiva dos achados moleculares através da técnica de array CGH. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 50 fetos, dos quais 49 preencheram os critérios de qualidade da técnica. A taxa de detecção de alterações cromossômicas pela técnica de array CGH não detectadas pelo cariótipo convencional foi de 93,7% (45 fetos), e 27% foram consideradas significativas dos pontos de vista citogenético e clínico. Entre os fetos com alterações do número de cópias, 87% apresentaram pelo menos um clone para o qual já estão descritas variações do número de cópias (CNV) em indivíduos fenotipicamente normais. Adicionalmente, a técnica mostrou-se eficaz para o esclarecimento diagnóstico da origem, exata localização e dimensionamento do material adicional encontrado em um feto com anomalia cromossômica estrutural. Conclusões: A caracterização do perfil genômico por array CGH de fetos com defeitos congênitos permitiu complementar o diagnóstico citogenético convencional, aumentando a definição diagnóstica e a identificação de regiões cromossômicas associadas a algumas anomalias congênitas Abstract: Introduction: A great number of fetuses with congenital defects remain without definitive diagnosis, making difficult the perinatal management, the prognosis establishment and the genetic counseling. The incapacity of detection of short sequence copy number changes, pointed as a probable etiology factor for some congenital defects, is the main limitation of routine G-banding. The Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) overcome this limitation, and also does not require cellular culture or prior knowledge of the involved genomic region. Objective: To evaluate the applicability of the CGH method on fetal material for genomic gains and losses in a group of malformed fetuses. Methods: On a prospective descriptive study, fetal blood samples were collected from malformed fetuses with numerically normal chromosomes at G-banded karyotype, at the Fetal Medicine Unit of the Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (CAISM) of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Sample characterization and a descriptive analysis of the CGH-based technique results were accomplished. Results: Fifty fetuses were included in this study and 49 were considered optimal according to adopted quality control criteria. The detection rate of fetuses with copy number imbalances not detected by the G-banded karyotype was 93.7% (45 fetuses), with 27% of cytogenetic and clinical significance. Among fetuses with copy number imbalances, 87% presented at least one abnormal clone encompassing CNVs described for phenotipically normal individuals. Additionally, the array CGH showed to be effective for the identification of the additional genetic material origin, with its precise location and size, presented in one fetus with structural chromosomal anomaly. Conclusions: The genomic profile characterization of malformed fetuses through array CGH allowed complementing the conventional cytogenetic diagnosis, obtaining a higher precise diagnosis and the identification of chromosomal regions associated with some congenital anomalies Doutorado Tocoginecologia Doutor em Tocoginecologia

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Introducción: Las pérdidas auditivas son heredables en un 50-60% de los casos. Dentro de estas, las sorderas no sindrómicas predominan y se han descrito más de 40 genes asociados. Uno de los más frecuentemente implicados es el gen de Otoferlina (OTO F).Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de la mutación p.Q829X en el gen OTO F en 649 individuos colombianos con sordera no sindrómica.Materiales y métodos: Se seleccionó una población de 649 individuos para realizar la búsqueda de la mutación p.Q829X por medio de la técnica PCR-RFLP. Resultados: Se identificaron 12 individuos con la mutación p.Q829X (12/649), que corresponden a una frecuencia del 1,8%.Conclusiones:La mutación p.Q829X es la más frecuente en el gen OTO F, y la tercera luego de las mutaciones S199F y 35delG en el gen GJB2, causantes de sordera en la población analizada. Se observó variabilidad en el grado de pérdida auditiva en los individuos homocigotos para la mutación y presencia de neuropatía auditiva en el 62,5% de estos casos. Introduction:Hearing loss is 50-60% heritable. among this, non-syndromic hearing loss is pre-dominant and more than 40 genes have been re-ported. one of the most frequently involved is otoFgene. Objective:to identify the frequency of muta-tion p.Q829X in otoF gene, in 649 colombian individuals with non-syndromic deafness. Materials and Methods:a total of 649 indi-viduals were selected and screened for p.Q829X mutation using Pcr-rFlP analysis. Results:p.Q829X mutation was identified in 12 deaf individuals (12/649) corresponding to a fre-quency of 1,8%. Conclusions:p.Q829X mutation is the most common in otoF gene, and the third cause after S199F and 35delg mutations in gJB2 gene, of deafness in the analyzed population. Variability is observed in the degree of hearing loss in in-dividuals homozygous for the mutation and au-ditory neuropathy is present in 62,5% of these cases.