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Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an important bast fiber crop, and a source of fiber to many industries. This crop is diploid (2n = 2x = 36) in nature, and belongs to Malvaceae family. Kenaf breeding is directed to develop the new cultivars that are better in fiber production, fiber quality, resistant to anthracnose, photo-insensitivity, resistant to salt and drought stresses, and so on. This review describes the various successes in kenaf breeding, and reports the future opportunities. The various classical and advanced breeding approaches have great potential to achieve the goals. However, the recent approaches in plant breeding and biotechnology could have more prospective to accelerate the kenaf breeding. These may include genomic selection, CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system, and other omics-based approaches. We suggest that the integration of recent approaches with classical ones has vital importance in improving the efficiency, speed, and accuracy of kenaf breeding.

Climate change has caused high salinity in many fields, particularly in the mud flats in coastal regions. The resulting salinity has become one of the most significant abiotic stresses affecting the world's rice crop productivity. Developing elite cultivars with novel salinity-tolerance traits is regarded as the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach for utilizing saline-alkali land. To develop a highly efficient green strategy and create novel rice germplasms for salt-tolerant rice breeding, this study aimed to improve rice salinity tolerance by combining targeted CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of the OsRR22 gene with heterosis utilization. The novel alleles of the genic male-sterility (GMS) and elite restorer line (733Srr22-T1447-1 and HZrr22-T1349-3) produced 110 and 1 bp deletions at the third exon of OsRR22 and conferred a high level of salinity tolerance. Homozygous transgene-free progeny were identified via segregation in the T2 generation, with osrr22 showing similar agronomic performance to wild-type (733S and HZ). Furthermore, these two osrr22 lines were used to develop a new promising third-generation hybrid rice line with novel salinity tolerance. Overall, the results demonstrate that combining CRISPR/Cas9 targeted gene editing with the "third-generation hybrid rice system" approach allows for the efficient development of novel hybrid rice varieties that exhibit a high level of salinity tolerance, thereby ensuring improved cultivar stability and enhanced rice productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an important bast fiber crop, and a source of fiber to many industries. This crop is diploid (2n = 2x = 36) in nature, and belongs to Malvaceae family. Kenaf breeding is directed to develop the new cultivars that are better in fiber production, fiber quality, resistant to anthracnose, photo-insensitivity, resistant to salt and drought stresses, and so on. This review describes the various successes in kenaf breeding, and reports the future opportunities. The various classical and advanced breeding approaches have great potential to achieve the goals. However, the recent approaches in plant breeding and biotechnology could have more prospective to accelerate the kenaf breeding. These may include genomic selection, CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system, and other omics-based approaches. We suggest that the integration of recent approaches with classical ones has vital importance in improving the efficiency, speed, and accuracy of kenaf breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prof. Yuan devoted his whole life to the research of hybrid rice. On the first anniversary of Prof. Yuan Yuan's death, our research team wrote a paper to commemorate him. In this paper, we recalled his life, his research progress and achievements of hybrid rice. He led and guided his research team to overcome difficulties in hybrid rice research. Hybrid rice has made important contributions to China and world's food security. He is a great researcher worthy of our memory forever in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has caused high salinity in many fields, particularly in the mud flats in coastal regions. The resulting salinity has become one of the most significant abiotic stresses affecting the world’s rice crop productivity. Developing elite cultivars with novel salinity-tolerance traits is regarded as the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach for utilizing saline-alkali land. To develop a highly efficient green strategy and create novel rice germplasms for salt-tolerant rice breeding, this study aimed to improve rice salinity tolerance by combining targeted CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of the OsRR22 gene with heterosis utilization. The novel alleles of the genic male-sterility (GMS) and elite restorer line (733Srr22-T1447-1 and HZrr22-T1349-3) produced 110 and 1 bp deletions at the third exon of OsRR22 and conferred a high level of salinity tolerance. Homozygous transgene-free progeny were identified via segregation in the T2 generation, with osrr22 showing similar agronomic performance to wild-type (733S and HZ). Furthermore, these two osrr22 lines were used to develop a new promising third-generation hybrid rice line with novel salinity tolerance. Overall, the results demonstrate that combining CRISPR/Cas9 targeted gene editing with the “third-generation hybrid rice system” approach allows for the efficient development of novel hybrid rice varieties that exhibit a high level of salinity tolerance, thereby ensuring improved cultivar stability and enhanced rice productivity.

Prof. Yuan devoted his whole life to the research of hybrid rice. On the first anniversary of Prof. Yuan Yuan’s death, our research team wrote a paper to commemorate him. In this paper, we recalled his life, his research progress and achievements of hybrid rice. He led and guided his research team to overcome difficulties in hybrid rice research. Hybrid rice has made important contributions to China and world’s food security. He is a great researcher worthy of our memory forever in the world.

“Easy-to-shatter” trait is a major cause of rice crop yield losses, emphasizing the economic value of developing elite rice cultivars with reduced seed shattering capable of achieving higher yields. In the present study, we describe the development of new indica rice lines that exhibit lower rates of seed shattering following the targeted CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of the qSH1 gene. We were able to identify qSH1 mutant T0 transgenic plants, with transgene-free homozygous mutants being obtained via segregation in the T1 generation. We then utilized two T2 transgene-free homozygous lines in order to assess the degree of seed shattering and major agronomic traits of these mutant lines and of wild-type rice plants (HR1128-WT). This approach revealed that qsh1 homozygous mutant lines exhibited significantly reduced seed shattering relative to HR1128-WT without any significant changes in other analyzed agronomic traits. We then used these mutant lines to develop new promising hybrid rice lines with intermediate seed shattering. Overall our results reveal that combining targeted gene editing via CRISPR/Cas9 with heterosis utilization approach can allow for the efficient development of novel promising hybrid rice cultivars that exhibit a intermediate of seed shattering, thereby ensuring better stability and improved rice yields.

"Easy-to-shatter" trait is a major cause of rice crop yield losses, emphasizing the economic value of developing elite rice cultivars with reduced seed shattering capable of achieving higher yields. In the present study, we describe the development of new indica rice lines that exhibit lower rates of seed shattering following the targeted CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of the qSH1 gene. We were able to identify qSH1 mutant T0 transgenic plants, with transgene-free homozygous mutants being obtained via segregation in the T1 generation. We then utilized two T2 transgene-free homozygous lines in order to assess the degree of seed shattering and major agronomic traits of these mutant lines and of wild-type rice plants (HR1128-WT). This approach revealed that qsh1 homozygous mutant lines exhibited significantly reduced seed shattering relative to HR1128-WT without any significant changes in other analyzed agronomic traits. We then used these mutant lines to develop new promising hybrid rice lines with intermediate seed shattering. Overall our results reveal that combining targeted gene editing via CRISPR/Cas9 with heterosis utilization approach can allow for the efficient development of novel promising hybrid rice cultivars that exhibit a intermediate of seed shattering, thereby ensuring better stability and improved rice yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autotetraploid rice is a type of germplasm developed from the whole genome duplication of diploid rice, leading to large grains, high nutrient content, and resistance. However, its low fertility has reduced yield and hampered commercialization. To address this issue, a new type of high fertility tetraploid rice was developed, which may serve as a useful germplasm for polyploid rice breeding. In this review, we summarize the progress made in understanding the cellular and molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the low fertility of autotetraploid rice and its F 1 hybrid, as well as the main types of new tetraploid rice with high fertility. Lastly, the idea of utilizing the multi-generation heterosis of neo-tetraploid rice in the future is proposed as a reference for polyploid rice breeding.

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Copyright of Zhongguo Kejishi Zazhi (Chinese Journal for the History of Science & Technology) is the property of Chinese Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)