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Background: Regular aerobic exercise regulates cardiorespiratory functions by its effect on specific enzyme activities. This study investigated the immediate effects of moderate aerobic exercise on haematological parameters and cardio-metabolic enzymes activity in healthy young male and female adults. Methods: Forty young healthy sedentary subjects, twenty males (25 ± 5.6 years; 65 ± 4.0 kg; 176.9 ± 2.5 cm) and twenty females (25 ± 4.5 years, 62 ± 2.9 kg, 175 ± 1.3 cm) volunteered for the study. The exercise regimen was of moderate intensity lasting for 20 min daily on a treadmill at incremental speed of 3 km/h to 13 km/h for 14 consecutive days. The weight and height of participants were measured. Blood sample was collected via antecubital vein for haematological and biochemical analysis. The haematological parameters namely red blood cell and indices, leukocyte and differential white blood cell count, platelet and platelet indices were assessed. Cardiac troponin-T, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and N-acetyl-cysteine activated creatine kinase activities were assessed before and after exercise. Results: The result showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in RBC (males 7%, females 11%) haemoglobin (males 8%, females 8.3%), haematocrit (males 5%, females 14%) leukocyte (males 54%, females 40%) and monocyte count (males 68%, females 55%) after 14 days of exercise. The enzymatic activities of lactate dehydrogenase, N-acetyl-cysteine activated creatine kinase (CK-NAC), creatine kinase (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin-T showed no significant change after 14 days of exercise. Conclusion: It is concluded that moderate aerobic exercise increased haematological parameters and maintained cardio-metabolic enzymes activities in young male and female adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: This study assessed the effects of 5G radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) at different frequencies (700 MHz, 2500 MHz, 3500 MHz) on the complete blood count (CBC), erythrocyte morphometry, and platelet activation after the short-term in vitro exposure of human blood. Methods: Blood samples from 30 healthy volunteers (15 men and 15 women, aged 25–40 years old) were collected at three intervals (14 days apart). For each collection, four tubes of blood were drawn per volunteer—two experimental and two controls. Experimental samples were exposed to 5G RF-EMR for 2 h at room temperature using a half-cone gigahertz transverse electromagnetic cell. The CBC was analysed via a haematology analyser, the erythrocyte morphometry was analysed using the SFORM program, and platelet activation was analysed via flow cytometry. Results: The CBC and platelet activation showed no significant differences between the experimental and control samples. However, the erythrocyte morphometry exhibited notable changes. At 700 MHz, the erythrocyte size, contour, and membrane roughness increased significantly for both sexes, with women's cells showing greater sensitivity. At 2500 MHz, women exhibited an increased contour index and a decreased solidity and form factor. At 3500 MHz, women showed an increased contour index and outline but a decreased solidity, elongation, and form factor. Cluster analysis identified two erythrocyte subpopulations: smaller, rounder cells with smooth membranes and larger cells with rougher membranes. Conclusions: These results indicate that 5G RF-EMR exposure significantly alters erythrocyte morphometry. The strongest effects were observed at 700 MHz, where men exhibited greater membrane roughness, and women showed larger and rounder erythrocytes. These findings suggest that short-term in vitro 5G RF-EMR exposure disrupts the cytoskeleton, increasing membrane permeability and deformability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Regular aerobic exercise regulates cardiorespiratory functions by its effect on specific enzyme activities. This study investigated the immediate effects of moderate aerobic exercise on haematological parameters and cardio-metabolic enzymes activity in healthy young male and female adults. Methods Forty young healthy sedentary subjects, twenty males (25 ± 5.6 years; 65 ± 4.0 kg; 176.9 ± 2.5 cm) and twenty females (25 ± 4.5 years, 62 ± 2.9 kg, 175 ± 1.3 cm) volunteered for the study. The exercise regimen was of moderate intensity lasting for 20 min daily on a treadmill at incremental speed of 3 km/h to 13 km/h for 14 consecutive days. The weight and height of participants were measured. Blood sample was collected via antecubital vein for haematological and biochemical analysis. The haematological parameters namely red blood cell and indices, leukocyte and differential white blood cell count, platelet and platelet indices were assessed. Cardiac troponin-T, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and N-acetyl-cysteine activated creatine kinase activities were assessed before and after exercise. Results The result showed a significant (p

This study investigated the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts (MLE) in broiler diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, physical meat quality, haematological parameters, and caecal bacterial counts. A total of 144 Arbour Acres broilers were randomly assigned into 3 experimental groups (eight replicates having six chicks), naming control (received a basal diet with fresh drinking water), antibiotic (75 mg chlortetracycline/L of drinking water), and MLE (50 ml Moringa oleifera leaf extracts/L of drinking water). The MLE group had the highest average daily gain, final body weight, and lower feed conversion ratio than both control and antibiotic groups. Overall, the MLE treatment significantly reduced (p

The Caspian pond turtle, Mauremys caspica, is an important reptile species in the southern basin of Caspian Sea. Haematological indices and serum biochemistry can be utilised as valuable screening tools for the health status of many domestic and wild animals. In this study, the blood parameters were measured in male and female turtles to establish physiologic reference ranges of selected haema-tological and serum biochemical parameters in M. caspica. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from 60 Caspian pond turtles (30 males and 30 females) from the southern basin of Caspian Sea. Significant differences were observed in some haematological indices (i.e. haemoglobin and haematocrit) and serum biochemical indices (i.e. alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase) between the male and female turtles (P

Introduction: Pathophysiology and clinical relevance of haematological parameters in various populations have always been a keen interest of research for haematologists. Various factors may have a role in the values of serum biochemical parameters. These might include gender, age, altitude and disorders like diabetes mellitus, hypertension or both. Aim: To compare the demographics and haematological parameters like haemoglobin, white blood cell and platelet values in type II diabetes mellitus patients. Materials and Method: Record of 1,200 patients, who came to the haematology section of the department in the regular outpatient department (OPD) services, was randomly selected from the daily record data. The record of selected patients was categorized into Group A – (Control group) subjects with no morbidity and Group B – patients with diabetes mellitus type II. Blood parameters of each were noted and analysed in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology. Results and Discussion: The study found no significant association between age and gender and diabetes occurrence. However, there was a significant difference in total leukocyte count (TLC) levels, particularly in males, among diabetics. Additionally, there was a significant variation in platelet count among diabetics, with more variation in females. Conclusion: We found a significant positive correlation between TLC and the platelet count among males and females of diabetes mellitus patients. This surely affects the lifestyle and general health, and so the patients must be educated and motivated to maintain a regular blood sugar level through diet, exercise and medicines as poor control can definitely lead to complications.

The effects of dietary selenium (Se) supplementation on growth performance and antioxidant capacity in GIFT (Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia) strain of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) are of significant interest due to the potential impact on aquaculture practices and the nutritional quality of fish. Se is an essential micronutrient known for its role in antioxidant defence systems, overall growth and development. A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to study the impact of dietary supplementation with Se on the growth performance, feed efficiency, proximate composition, bioaccumulation in the liver and muscle tissues, antioxidant capacity, and blood biochemistry of GIFT. In a practical diet, sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) was added at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 mg Se/kg. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the Se levels. The ranges of concentrations of Se in feeds were 0.79, 1.05, 1.30, 1.80, 2.25, or 2.80 mg/kg diet. A significant difference in growth was observed at p < 0.001 across the 0.79, 1.05, 1.30, 1.80, 2.25, and 2.80 mg Se/kg diet treatments after 8 weeks. At different dietary Se concentrations, fish liver and muscle Se levels, expression of fish growth gene and antioxidant genes, corresponding enzymes like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the activities of protease, amylase, and lipase in the liver and intestine were significantly different between treatments and were high in fish fed with 1.8 mg Se/kg diet. Similarly, the fish given the 1.8 mg Se/kg diet exhibited a significant increase in the levels of haemoglobin, leucocytes, erythrocyte count, and hematocrit value while lowering the cholesterol level. On Contrary, the proximate analysis did not show any significant difference. Overall, the dietary concentration of 1.8 mg Se/kg diet resulted in the best performance of juvenile GIFT and is recommended if sodium selenite is to be used as the supplementation source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kufa Medical Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigated the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts (MLE) in broiler diets on growth performance, carcase characteristics, physical meat quality, haematological parameters, and caecal bacterial counts. A total of 144 Arbour Acres broilers were randomly assigned into 3 experimental groups (eight replicates having six chicks), naming control (received a basal diet with fresh drinking water), antibiotic (75 mg chlortetracycline/L of drinking water), and MLE (50 ml Moringa oleifera leaf extracts/L of drinking water). The MLE group had the highest average daily gain, final body weight, and lower feed conversion ratio than both control and antibiotic groups. Overall, the MLE treatment significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the broiler's feed consumption. Although, MLE lowered abdominal fat, other visceral organ and carcase traits showed no variations. The pH value of the breast muscle at 24 h in the MLE group was higher compared to the control and antibiotic groups. Additionally, the cooking loss % and drip loss % at 24 h and on day 7 were the lowest in the MLE group. The haemoglobin and red blood cell levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05), and total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the MLE group than the control and antibiotic groups. Broilers in the MLE group had lower E. coli as well as total aerobic counts compared to the control-fed group. In conclusion, MLE at 50 mL/L of drinking water can be a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters for enhancing broilers' growth, health and meat quality. HIGHLIGHTS: Moringa oleifera leaf extracts (MLE) could improve broilers' average daily gain, final body weight and feed conversion ratio of broilers. Moringa leaf extracts could decrease the cooking loss, drip loss of breast meat and total cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations in serum. Moringa leaf extracts could lowered E. coli and total aerobic bacteria counts in caecal ingesta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Examining the distribution of biochemical and haematological tests in different age groups of rural population is necessary to ensure that health care facilities are equipped to address the prevalent health conditions and manage age-related illness effectively. Hence, this study is aimed at seeing the distributions of blood biochemical and haematological parameters in rural population. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the distribution of 26 different haematological and biochemical parameters in longitudinal cohort study (Srinivaspura Aging, NeuoSenescence and COGnition - SANSCOG), from the villages of Srinivaspura, Kolar district, India. A total of 2592 participants (1240 males and 1352 females), aged ≥45 years who are cognitively healthy were included for the analysis. Mean, 2.5th, 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 95th and 97.5th percentiles were calculated for the entire sample. Additionally, median and percentiles were determined for both gender and age categories (45-54, 55-64, 65-74, and ≥75 years). Results: We observed the distinct distributions of various haematological and biochemical parameters, with elevated levels of glycaemic, lipid, liver, and thyroid parameters. Conclusion: Findings revealed the notable variations from the established reference ranges, indicating the potential undiagnosed cases and highlighting the gaps in health awareness and health seeking behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in poultry feed significantly threatens broiler health and performance. This study investigated the effects of different levels of AFB1 (0%, 25%, 35%, 45%, and 55%) on growth performance and hematological parameters in broiler diets. The experiment was structured as a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatment groups, each having three replicates: Group A (0.025 ppm AFB1), Group B (0.035 ppm AFB1), Group C (0.045 ppm AFB1), Group D (0.055 ppm AFB1), and Group E (Control, 0% AFB1). Weekly measurements included body weight (BW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), growth rate (GR), total feed intake (TFI), and hematological indices (HMI). Body weight was recorded weekly, feed intake was tracked daily, and FCR was calculated by dividing total feed intake by total weight gain. Blood samples were taken at weeks 5 and 10 for hematological analysis using the haemacytometer method. Broilers fed diets containing higher concentrations of AFB1 showed marked reductions in final body weight, with birds on the control diet (0% AFB1) gaining the most weight (1.69 kg), compared to 1.24 kg, 1.10 kg, 0.92 kg, and 0.76 kg for the 25%, 35%, 45%, and 55% AFB1 groups, respectively. Feed intake also significantly decreased (p<0.05) from 19.38 kg (Control) to 9.55 kg (TA) as AFB1 levels increased. Hematological analysis revealed significant decreases (p<0.01) in hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and red blood cell (RBC) counts in birds fed higher AFB1 concentrations. Birds on the control diet had the highest Hb (12.48 g/dl), PCV (24.73%), and RBC counts (10.34 × 10⁶/ul), while the 55% AFB1 group showed the lowest values. No significant changes were observed in white blood cell (WBC) counts (p>0.05), indicating a less pronounced impact on the immune system. These findings underscore the detrimental effects of AFB1 on broiler growth and blood health, emphasizing the need for stringent aflatoxin control in poultry feed to ensure healthy broiler production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veterinaria is the property of University of Sarajevo, Veterinary Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and its effect on the Hematological parameters of three-spotted tilapia (Oreochromis andersonii) broodstock. Using a Completely Randomized Design, 150 broodstock (weight: 180 ± 10 g) were immersed in nine NaHCO3 concentrations (0–50 g/L) in triplicate. Induction and recovery times were recorded, and Red Blood Cells (RBC), White Blood Cells (WBC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), and Hemoglobin (Hb) were measured. Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) were calculated. Induction time decreased and recovery time increased with higher NaHCO3 concentrations, without any mortality. A 10 g/L concentration only significantly affected RBC and PCV. At 45 and 50 g/L there were significant changes to MCH, while significant increase was observed at 10 and 15 g/L in Hb and WBC, respectively. The optimal concentrations established for routine handling in hatcheries were 30 and 35 g/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pancytopenia is a frequently encountered hematological problem in clinical practice. Objective: Evaluate the haematological parameters including bone marrow aspiration /marrow biopsy. Methods: This observational study was conducted among patients admitted in the Department of Medicine in K R hospital Mysuru, Karnataka Definition of study subject; Adult male and female with pancytopenia. Study period was 18 months (From January 2019 to june 2020). Ethical clearance was taken from the institutional ethical committee. Results: Lowest hemoglobin percentage was 2.6 g/dl and noted in case of megaloblastic anemia. Lowest total leucocyte count was 500 cells per cubic mm. Lowest platelet count is 8000 cells per cubic mm. Hypercellular marrow was noted in 26 cases and hypocellular marrow noted in 7 cases. normocellular marrow in 2 cases. Conclusions: The physical findings, peripheral blood picture and bone marrow evaluation provides valuable information. Bone marrow examination is accurate, reproducible, rapidly available information at an economical cost and with minimal discomfort to the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by progressive weakening of the immune system attributed to the decrease in the number of circulating CD4+ T-helper cells. This predisposes HIV patients to a variety of opportunistic infections and neoplastic disorders. also lead to defective hematopoiesis and a decrease in cell lineage. Haematological parameters including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelet and hemoglobin are widely used clinical indicators of health and disease. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess haematological parameters in HIV patients attending Kabutare District hospital. Methodology: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted to assess haematological parameters in HIV patients attending Kabutare District hospital. Venous blood sample were collected for complete blood count which was determined using sysmex 500i machine automation analyser. Results: A total of 80 HIV infected patient participated. 7.5% of the study participants were proven to have white blood cells below the normal range as it was below 4.26.25% of patients were found below the normal range of red blood cells. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels of 35% patients were found to below their normal ranges. 10% of patient were found to have low platelet and 23.5% were found to have low levels of lymphocytes. Association between CD4 counts and hemoglobin levels was significant with p value of 0.000 as it is less than confidence level of 0.05. Conclusion: This study concluded that haematological parameters are affected by HIV infection and there is association between CD4 counts and hemoglobin concentration levels. I would recommend health practioners to also consider complete blood count as prognostic test of HIV as it is clinical health indicator and diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dorper is a South African sheep breed characterized by its fast growth and excellent body confirmation that is used for mutton production. Haematological profiling is useful in assessing the health, nutritional, and metabolic status of an animal and can be affected by non-genetic factors such as sex, age, season, body condition score, and physiological status of an animal. Hence, this study focused on the effect of the factors mentioned above on the haematological parameters of Dorper sheep. Sex, age, physiological status, and body condition score for 30 (11 males and 19 females) Dorper sheep were recorded, and blood samples were collected from each sheep. Red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemaglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), absolute monocyte count (AMC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), lymphocyte count (LYM), normoblast count (NB), platelet count (Plt), haematocrit (Hct), eosinophils (Eos), monocytes (Mn), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), basophil count (BASO) and absolute eosinophil count (AEC) were determined. Pearson correlation analysis showed a correlation (p<0.05) between some of the haematological parameters in Dorper sheep. Pearson correlation analysis results indicated that RBC was positively highly (p<0.01) correlated with Hct, WBC, ALC, Eos, and AEC and negatively highly correlated (p<0.01) with MCV, Mn, and NB. However, RBC had no significant (p>0.05) correlation with MCHC, RWD, NEU, ANC, AMC, BASO, ABC, and Plt in Dorper sheep. Body condition score and age had no effects (p>0.05) on the haematological parameters (p>0.05), while physiological status affected only RDW. The results further showed that sex influenced (p<0.05) Hb, RDW, LYM, and NB. The findings of this study suggest that sex and physiological status can influence some of the haematological parameters of Dorper sheep. Therefore, it is important to consider factors such as sex and physiological status of an animal when evaluating the nutritional, physiological and health status to improve the management and productivity of Dorper sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pathophysiology and clinical relevance of haematological parameters in various populations have always been a keen interest of research for haematologists. Various factors may have a role in the values of serum biochemical parameters. These might include gender, age, altitude and disorders like diabetes mellitus, hypertension or both. Aim: To compare the demographics and haematological parameters like haemoglobin, white blood cell and platelet values in type II diabetes mellitus patients. Materials and Method: Record of 1,200 patients, who came to the haematology section of the department in the regular outpatient department (OPD) services, was randomly selected from the daily record data. The record of selected patients was categorized into Group A – (Control group) subjects with no morbidity and Group B – patients with diabetes mellitus type II. Blood parameters of each were noted and analysed in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology. Results and Discussion: The study found no significant association between age and gender and diabetes occurrence. However, there was a significant difference in total leukocyte count (TLC) levels, particularly in males, among diabetics. Additionally, there was a significant variation in platelet count among diabetics, with more variation in females. Conclusion: We found a significant positive correlation between TLC and the platelet count among males and females of diabetes mellitus patients. This surely affects the lifestyle and general health, and so the patients must be educated and motivated to maintain a regular blood sugar level through diet, exercise and medicines as poor control can definitely lead to complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Haematological inflammatory indices is a cheap, available and practical laboratory markers reflect the inflammatory process. purpose: to investigate the association between some haematolgical indices and diabetes control and complications in Iraqi diabetic patients. Methods: In a case-control study, 78 patients with a documented history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were recruited and matched in regard to age and sex with 57 non diabetic volunteers. RBS, HbA1c and CBP were analyzed. Results: diabetic patients had higher but non-significant increments in platelets, absolute neutrophil count, absolute lymphocyte count, Neutrophil Lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and Platelets Lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in comparison to controls. The mean platelets count was significant higher in patients with poor glycemic control in compared to patients with good glycemic control, (269.3 ± 16.53 vs. 206.33 ± 20.26) respectively, (P

Background/Objectives: This study assessed the effects of 5G radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) at different frequencies (700 MHz, 2500 MHz, 3500 MHz) on the complete blood count (CBC), erythrocyte morphometry, and platelet activation after the short-term in vitro exposure of human blood. Methods: Blood samples from 30 healthy volunteers (15 men and 15 women, aged 25–40 years old) were collected at three intervals (14 days apart). For each collection, four tubes of blood were drawn per volunteer—two experimental and two controls. Experimental samples were exposed to 5G RF-EMR for 2 h at room temperature using a half-cone gigahertz transverse electromagnetic cell. The CBC was analysed via a haematology analyser, the erythrocyte morphometry was analysed using the SFORM program, and platelet activation was analysed via flow cytometry. Results: The CBC and platelet activation showed no significant differences between the experimental and control samples. However, the erythrocyte morphometry exhibited notable changes. At 700 MHz, the erythrocyte size, contour, and membrane roughness increased significantly for both sexes, with women’s cells showing greater sensitivity. At 2500 MHz, women exhibited an increased contour index and a decreased solidity and form factor. At 3500 MHz, women showed an increased contour index and outline but a decreased solidity, elongation, and form factor. Cluster analysis identified two erythrocyte subpopulations: smaller, rounder cells with smooth membranes and larger cells with rougher membranes. Conclusions: These results indicate that 5G RF-EMR exposure significantly alters erythrocyte morphometry. The strongest effects were observed at 700 MHz, where men exhibited greater membrane roughness, and women showed larger and rounder erythrocytes. These findings suggest that short-term in vitro 5G RF-EMR exposure disrupts the cytoskeleton, increasing membrane permeability and deformability.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity of the of Aphrodisiac Herbal Formulation in albino rats. The acute toxicity was performed where the limit dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight used. Observations were made and recorded for 24 h, and once daily further for a period of 14 days. The rats were weighed and various observations, like mortality, behaviour, injury, or any signs of illness were conducted once daily during the period. For subacute study, four groups of 10 animals (female rats) received 60mg/kg, 120mg/kg and 200mg/kg oral by dissolving in water for 28 days. of freshlyprepared Aphrodisiac Herbal Formulation, respectively, every 24 h orally for 28 days. At the end of each study, haematological analysis and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Histopathological examination of vital organs of the animals were taken for gross findings, compared to controls. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) observed in the relative organs, body weights, haematological, biochemical parameters, and gross abnormalities, compared to the control. No mortality was recorded. Therefore, analysis of results may lead to the conclusion that the medium-term oral administration of the Aphrodisiac Herbal Formulation for 28 days does not cause toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the comparison between haematological parameters and clinical disease severity in patients with COVID-19 infection at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Pathology Department of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar to Aug 2021. Methodology: A total of 183 patients fulfiling the selection criteria were enroled after taking writen informed consent, and investigations to assess haematological parameters were carried out, such as the complete blood count, PT, APT, and DDimers. The severity of the ilness was determined according to the criteria set, and findings were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of the patients was 34.5410.12 years. Using blood tests, there was a strong link between the severity of the COVID-19 infection and the total WBC count (p=0.041), PCV (p=0.05), neutrophil count (p=0.02), lymphocyte count (p=0.001), eosinophil count (p=0.001), and D-Dimers (p=0.001). Conclusion: Total WBC count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and eosinophil count, as wel as D-Dimers, were al strongly linked to how bad the condition was and can be used to predict how bad a COVID-19 infection wil be early on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amphibians are experiencing declines globally, with emerging infectious diseases as one of the main causes. Haematological parameters present a useful method for determining the health status of animals and the effects of particular diseases, but the interpretation of differential cell counts relies on knowing the normal ranges for the species and factors that can affect these counts. However, there is very little data on either normal haematological parameters or guides for blood cell types for free-ranging frog species across the world. This study aims to 1) create a visual guide for three different Australian frog species: Litoria paraewingi, Limnodynastes dumerilii, and Crinia signifera, 2) determine the proportions of erythrocytes to leukocytes and 3) differential leukocytes within blood smears from these three species and 4) assess the association between parasites and differential counts. We collected blood samples from free-ranging frogs and analysed blood smears. We also looked for ectoparasites and tested for the fungal disease chytridiomycosis. Overall, we found that the differentials of erythrocytes to leukocytes were not affected by species, but the proportions of different leukocytes did vary across species. For example, while lymphocytes were the most common type of leukocyte across the three species, eosinophils were relatively common in Limnodynastes dumerilii but rarely present in the other two species. We noted chytridiomycosis infection as well as ectoparasites present in some individuals but found no effect of parasites on blood parameters. Our results add baseline haematological parameters for three Australian frog species and provide an example of how different frog species can vary in their differential blood cell counts. More information is needed on frog haematological data before these parameters can be used to determine the health status of wild or captive frogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sickle cell disease (SCD) poses a significant health burden globally, particularly in Africa, where prevalence rates are notably high. Hydroxyurea has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for managing SCD, yet its effects on clinical outcomes in the Ghanaian context remain understudied. This retrospective study aimed to investigate changes in clinical and haematological parameters associated with hydroxyurea use in adolescents and adult patients living with sickle cell disease. A three-level retrospective review was conducted among 105 patients with sickle cell disease at the Ghana Institute of Clinical Genetics, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Clinical and haematological information was retrieved six months before treatment, six months and 12 months after hydroxyurea therapy. A paired t-test was used to determine changes in haematological parameters before and after hydroxyurea therapy. The findings showed a significant increase in haemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) at six months. Only Hb increased significantly at 12 months. A significant reduction was observed in white cell count (WBC), platelet and retic count in the 6th month, but the changes from the 6th month to the 12th month were insignificant. An increase in foetal haemoglobin was observed in one patient at six months. Hydroxyurea significantly reduced the frequency of vaso-occlusive crises and hospitalisation. Clinicians should educate and recommend hydroxyurea to patients due to its positive clinical outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the effects of arsenic exposure on erythrocytes in Labeo rohita, commonly known as Rohu, a freshwater fish of ecological and economic importance. Arsenic contamination in aquatic environments poses a significant threat to aquatic life, and its impact on the haematological parameters of fish species is a subject of growing concern. In this study, we focus on understanding how arsenic influences the morphology and function of erythrocytes in Labeo rohita. The experimental design involves exposing Labeo rohita to varying concentrations of arsenic in controlled laboratory conditions. Blood samples are collected at specific intervals to assess erythrocyte morphology and haematological parameters. Microscopic analysis reveals alterations in erythrocyte structure, including changes in size, shape and membrane integrity. These morphological changes are indicative of the potential cytotoxic effects of arsenic on fish erythrocytes. Haematological parameters, such as haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, and red blood cell count, are measured to quantify the impact of arsenic on the overall health and oxygen-carrying capacity of the fish. Additionally, oxidative stress markers are assessed to explore potential mechanisms underlying arsenic-induced erythrocyte damage. Comparative analyses are conducted between control and arsenic-exposed groups to discern dose-dependent effects. The findings of this study aim to contribute valuable insights into the sublethal effects of arsenic on the haematological profile of Labeo rohita, providing a basis for understanding the potential consequences of arsenic contamination in aquatic ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary cadmium (Cd2+) intake is implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and anaemia, but there is a paucity of information on the haematological changes in hypertensive conditions. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the effects of Cd2+ on blood pressure (BP) and haematological indices in the Sprague–Dawley rat model. Three cohorts (n = 10 each) of control and Cd2+-fed male Sprague–Dawley rats were selected. Cd2+-exposed rats received 2.5 or 5 mg/kg b.w. cadmium chloride via gavage thrice-weekly for eight weeks, while control animals received tap water. BP and flow were measured non-invasively from rat tails twice-weekly using a CODA machine, while weights were measured thrice-weekly. Haematological indices were assessed using the Cell-Dyn Emerald Haematology Analyzer. Data were reported as mean ± SEM, and statistically analyzed using One-Way Analysis of Variance. Bonferroni post hoc test was used for multiple comparisons. Cd2+-exposure induced hypertension by significantly (p < 0.05) elevating systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BPs, pulse pressure, and heart rate (HR), and increased (p < 0.05) blood flow. Mean cell volume (MCV) and haemoglobin (MCH) were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced, and red cell distribution width (RDW) significantly (p < 0.01) increased by exposure to 5 mg/kg b.w. Cd2+. Haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cell, platelet, mean platelet volume, and white blood cell counts were unaffected by Cd2+-exposure. Cd2+ induced hypertension, microcytosis, hypochromicity, and anisocytosis without anaemia, which may be precursor to microcytic anaemia and coronary artery disease. This study is important in Cd2+-exposed environments and warrants further investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determination of morphological and biochemical blood indices facilitates assessment of the health and welfare of horses, their nutrient demand, the effects of training already undertaken, and the horses’ suitability for exercise. Identification of the season-dependent components and the effects of sex and exercise on changes in frequently referenced haematological and biochemical parameters was the main goal of the current study.

Background: Several studies have linked coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk to age and ABO blood groups. Variations in plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels and blood counts have been reported, suggesting an association between disease severity and low lymphocyte levels. Aim: this study aimed to understand how these factors relate to COVID-19 in Ghanaian patients, considering geographical and demographic differences. Methods: Participants were recruited from six hospitals in Kumasi, Ghana, between June 2020 and July 2021. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken to test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and blood samples were collected for complete blood count testing, ABO/Rhesus typing, and assessment of plasma ACE2 levels. Demographic and COVID-19 severity data were gathered, and IBM SPSS version 25.0 was used for analysis. Results: Overall, 515 patients were enrolled, out of which 55.9% (n = 288/515) were males and 50.3% (n = 259/515) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The median age was 37 years (IQR = 26–53). Age was significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (p = 0.002). The severe COVID-19 group was the oldest (70 years, IQR = 35–80) and presented with anaemia (haemoglobin, g/dL: 9.55, IQR = 7.85–11.93), leukocytosis (WBC × 103/μL: 15.87, IQR = 6.68–19.80), neutrophilia (NEUT × 106/μL: 14.69, IQR = 5.70–18.96) and lymphocytopenia (LYMPH × 106/μL: 0.47, IQR = 0.22–0.66). No association was found between SARS-CoV-2 positivity and ABO (p = 0.711) or Rh (p = 0.805) blood groups; no association was also found between plasma ACE2 levels and SARS-CoV-2 status (p = 0.079). However, among COVID-19 participants, plasma ACE2 levels were significantly reduced in the moderate illness group (40.68 ng/mL, IQR = 34.09–48.10) compared with the asymptomatic group (50.61 ng/mL, IQR = 43.90–58.61, p = 0.015). Conclusions: While there may be no real association between the ABO blood group, as well as plasma ACE2 levels, and SARS-CoV-2 infection in Ghanaian patients, older individuals are at a higher risk of severe disease. Anaemia, and leukocytosis with lymphocytopenia may be indicators of poor disease progression.

The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplemented with sage leaf powder on growth performance, feed utilization, carcass composition, blood parameters and stress hormones in common carp Cyprinus carpio reared in cages in Grdarasha station, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University- Erbil, Kurdistan Region -Iraq. A total of 54 common carp (25.5±0.5g fish─1) were randomly distributed into 9 cylindrical cages 0.2 m³ (Radius=25cm, Height=100cm). After two weeks of adaptation, eight weeks feeding trial was conducted from 17 September to 12 November 2022. There were four groups of fish fed control diet (T1) and fish fed diets supplemented with 0.5 (T2), 1 (T3), 1.5(T4) of sage powder. The results showed a significant increase in growth parameters and feed utilization with addition of sage powder. The level of LYM, MON, Hb, MCHC, RBC and Hct were significantly elevated by the addition of sage to experimental fish. In contrast, dietary supplementation of sage (T2, T3, T4) to common carp diet result in significant reduction in the level of WBC, GRA and MCV. The level of TG, total protein, ALP, albumin, lipase, HDL and globulin contents was increased using sage (Salvia officinalis) supplemented diet. However, level of AST, ALT cholesterol, LDL and glucose was significantly decreased with the addition of sage to the diets. The present results showed that dietary supplementation of sage led to a significant decrease in cortisol, T3, and T4 and significant increase acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In conclusion, sage can be used as feed additives enhanced growth, feed efficacy, blood indices and reduce stress.

Amphibians are experiencing declines globally, with emerging infectious diseases as one of the main causes. Haematological parameters present a useful method for determining the health status of animals and the effects of particular diseases, but the interpretation of differential cell counts relies on knowing the normal ranges for the species and factors that can affect these counts. However, there is very little data on either normal haematological parameters or guides for blood cell types for free-ranging frog species across the world. This study aims to 1) create a visual guide for three different Australian frog species: Litoria paraewingi, Limnodynastes dumerilii, and Crinia signifera, 2) determine the proportions of erythrocytes to leukocytes and 3) differential leukocytes within blood smears from these three species and 4) assess the association between parasites and differential counts. We collected blood samples from free-ranging frogs and analysed blood smears. We also looked for ectoparasites and tested for the fungal disease chytridiomycosis. Overall, we found that the differentials of erythrocytes to leukocytes were not affected by species, but the proportions of different leukocytes did vary across species. For example, while lymphocytes were the most common type of leukocyte across the three species, eosinophils were relatively common in Limnodynastes dumerilii but rarely present in the other two species. We noted chytridiomycosis infection as well as ectoparasites present in some individuals but found no effect of parasites on blood parameters. Our results add baseline haematological parameters for three Australian frog species and provide an example of how different frog species can vary in their differential blood cell counts. More information is needed on frog haematological data before these parameters can be used to determine the health status of wild or captive frogs.

The effects of the indomie seasoning(chicken flavour) on the organosomatic and haematological indices of Albino rats were investigated under laboratory conditions of sixteen (16) albino rats grouped into four (A-D) groups. Each group had 4 albino rats, treated groups were labelled A-C and the control was labelled D. the group means + SEM for each parameter was calculated SPSS (26.0). Means were separated using Turkey's post hoe test at 5% level of significance. The results showed that there was steady increase in the weight of the animals fed orally with 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 75mg/kg of the indomie seasoning a week(s) increases. It is also observed that there was a significant increase (p>0.05) in the organ weight of the liver (hepatosomatic index) in all the groups compared to control. Also, the renosomatic index was significantly increased as the weeks increased. Results also showed that the indomie seasoning produces a significant change in the platelets counts when compared with the control. However, the result showed a general change in the haematopoetic counts of the albino rats. Since the effects of the seasoning on the general well-being of humans had been documented, it is therefore, pertinent for us to reduce the intake of the seasoning especially at low amount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)-administration was found to be toxic in mammalian systems and also known to affect the male reproduction in rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DEHP on the male reproductive system in a rat model. Three groups of six rats each, i.e. first group control (corn oil administered), second group DEHP administered at the rate of 850 mg/kg BW/day, whereas third group DEHP administered at the rate of 950 mg/kg BW/day for a period of 30 days, consecutively. Initially, final testes weights and sperm quality parameters of testes were evaluated. Oxidative stress markers, lysosomal enzyme activities and inflammatory cytokine levels in testicular tissue were analysed. Sex hormones and haematological parameters were also analysed in control and experimental groups of rats. The results obtained for Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) administered rats were compared with its respective controls with relevance to sperm count, sperm motility and daily sperm production rates, which were significantly decreased due to DHEP administration, whereas oxidative stress indicators were found to be significantly increased. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased activity of the antioxidant enzymes as super oxide dismutase (SOD), reduced levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione content (GSH) recorded under DEHP administration. While testicular enzymes like γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were found to be significantly elevated during DEHP administrated rats. Oxidative marker enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity was found to be significantly decreased. β-Glucuronidase activity was significantly increased and acid phosphatase activity was significantly decreased, in response to DEHP administration into rats. Pro-inflammatory cytokinines such as tumour necrosis factor-1 α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels were significantly increased. Serum testosterone levels decreased, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinizing hormone (LH) levels increased. Due to DEHP administration leucocytes, monocytes, neutrophils/granulocytes, erythrocytes and haemoglobin contents were significantly decreased, whereas lymphocytes, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), haematocrit, mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) levels were found to be increased. Results obtained in the present study suggest that DEHP affecting the process of spermatogenesis through changing the activities of the enzymes responsible for the maturation of the sperm. The rate of production of sperm numbers from testes may be responsible for the antifertility effects of DHEP. The results obtained clearly suggests that disruption of cellular energetics in the testes may be responsible for the reported infertility on male rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to assess the safety, toxicity, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics of eugenol nanoparticles (EONs) following oral administration in Wistar rat models. In the acute toxicity study, the rats were given a fixed dose of 50, 300, and 2000 mg/kg body weight per group orally and screened for 2 weeks after administration. In the subacute study, three different doses (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg BW) of EON were administered for 28 days. The results indicated no significant differences in food and water consumption, bodyweight change, hematological and biochemical parameters, relative organ weights, gross findings, or histopathology compared to the control. Additionally, no significant changes were observed in the expression profiles of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNFα in the plasma, confirming the absence of systemic inflammation. Biodistribution analysis revealed rapid absorption of eugenol and improved bioavailability due to gradual and sustained release, leading to a maximum eugenol concentration of 15.05 μg/mL (Cmax) at approximately 8 h (Tmax) in the blood plasma. Thus, the study provides valuable insights into the utilization of EON for enhancing the stability, solubility, and sustained release of eugenol and highlights its promising safety profile in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several studies have linked coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk to age and ABO blood groups. Variations in plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels and blood counts have been reported, suggesting an association between disease severity and low lymphocyte levels. Aim: this study aimed to understand how these factors relate to COVID-19 in Ghanaian patients, considering geographical and demographic differences. Methods: Participants were recruited from six hospitals in Kumasi, Ghana, between June 2020 and July 2021. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken to test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and blood samples were collected for complete blood count testing, ABO/Rhesus typing, and assessment of plasma ACE2 levels. Demographic and COVID-19 severity data were gathered, and IBM SPSS version 25.0 was used for analysis. Results: Overall, 515 patients were enrolled, out of which 55.9% (n = 288/515) were males and 50.3% (n = 259/515) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The median age was 37 years (IQR = 26–53). Age was significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (p = 0.002). The severe COVID-19 group was the oldest (70 years, IQR = 35–80) and presented with anaemia (haemoglobin, g/dL: 9.55, IQR = 7.85–11.93), leukocytosis (WBC × 103/μL: 15.87, IQR = 6.68–19.80), neutrophilia (NEUT × 106/μL: 14.69, IQR = 5.70–18.96) and lymphocytopenia (LYMPH × 106/μL: 0.47, IQR = 0.22–0.66). No association was found between SARS-CoV-2 positivity and ABO (p = 0.711) or Rh (p = 0.805) blood groups; no association was also found between plasma ACE2 levels and SARS-CoV-2 status (p = 0.079). However, among COVID-19 participants, plasma ACE2 levels were significantly reduced in the moderate illness group (40.68 ng/mL, IQR = 34.09–48.10) compared with the asymptomatic group (50.61 ng/mL, IQR = 43.90–58.61, p = 0.015). Conclusions: While there may be no real association between the ABO blood group, as well as plasma ACE2 levels, and SARS-CoV-2 infection in Ghanaian patients, older individuals are at a higher risk of severe disease. Anaemia, and leukocytosis with lymphocytopenia may be indicators of poor disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of invasive bacterial infections and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients admitted at the Medical Research Council the Gambia (MRCG) Ward in the era of PCV and Hib vaccination in the Gambia. Methods and Results This study was conducted in the clinical laboratory department of MRCG. We retrospectively generated haematological, and blood culture data from our electronic medical records from 2015 to 2022 of SCD patients admitted to MRCG Ward. Of 380 SCD patients, blood culture was requested only for 159. Of the 159 admitted SCD, 11 patients had qualified positive blood cultures. Five different types of bacterial pathogens were isolated from these positive blood cultures: 4 Staphylococcus aureus, 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2 Salmonella species, 1 Enterococcus species, and 1 Shigella boydii. No episode of bacteremia caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b was identified. The molecular serotyping of the Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates revealed non-vaccine serotypes 10 A, 12 F and 12 F. Penicillin resistance was recorded in two of the three Streptococcus pneumoniae. The Staphylococcus aureus isolates were penicillin resistant but cefoxitin sensitive, hence no methicillin (oxacillin) resistant Staphylococcus aureus was reported. Generally, the isolated pathogens were all sensitive to chloramphenicol, and vancomycin. The haematological indices were not significantly varied between SCD patients with and without microbiologically confirmed bacterial infection. Conclusion Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common cause of bacteremia in these admitted SCD patients. The presence of non-typhoidal Salmonella and Shigella infection coupled with penicillin resistance should be considered during penicillin prophylaxis and empirical treatment regimens for SCD patients and future SCD management policies in the Gambia. The haematological parameters may not be reliable biomarkers in differentiating bacterial from non-bacterial infections in SCD patients.

We performed this study to evaluate the effects of melatonin on oxidative stress and haematological responses following an exercise of 2000 m at maximum speed. Eighteen untrained, clinically healthy stallions of the Arabian breed with a mean body weight of 401 ± 32.11 kg (395–404 kg) and an age range of 5.7–0.54 years (5–6 years) were used in this research. The subjects were divided into three groups of six stallions each. Group I (MTEX) was treated with melatonin at a dose rate of 0.03 mg/kg orally once daily for one month. Group II (NMTX) was not administered melatonin but exercised, while the last group (OMTX) was neither administered melatonin nor exercised. The results obtained show that post-exercise, the biomarkers of oxidative stress evaluated were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the MTEX group than in the NMTX group. The leucocyte count, neutrophil counts, and the ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte were higher (p < 0.05) in the NMTX group than in the MTEX group. Furthermore, it was recorded that packed cell volume and the total erythrocyte count were statistically higher (p < 0.05) in the MTEX group than in the NMTX group. Therefore, we concluded that melatonin ameliorated oxidative stress and some haematological parameters will be beneficial to horses subjected to the stress of exercise.

It is common practice to use herbs to supplement for fish feed and as a way to trap fish during fishing expeditions. The use of these plant materials causes more harm than good in aquaculture species because of lack of knowledge of the side effects. The study was to find acute toxicity of the lethal dose (LD50) of Carica papaya leaf extract on Clarias gariepinus juveniles, hematological parameters, weight changes, liver enzymes. A total number of 200 C. gariepinus juveniles were used for the study. Juveniles were grouped into 5 groups for acute toxicity with different extract concentrations; 290.95 mg/l, 529.00 mg/l, 767.05 mg/l, 1005.10 mg/l, and 1243.15 mg/l. Based on the result of acute toxicity tests, assessment of sub-acute toxicity test was made, using different extract concentration; 290.00 mg/l, 502.50 mg/l, 714.15 mg/l and 925.75 mg/l. Administration of extract lasted for 28 days behavioural changes were observed in the experimental animals at the 96 h static bioassay. Weight were observed, specific growth rate was the lowest in 925.75 mg/l and the control. Hematological assay showed changes in the packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) as they were significantly increased in comparison to the control. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) showed no response except on day 7 when it declined significantly in fish exposed to 290.0 mg/l of extract. The white blood cell differentials and liver enzymes-alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase activity (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were unaffected. The increase in red blood cell may be indicative that leaf extract of Carica papaya may have anti-anaemic properties. The absence of changes in the white blood cell and liver function enzymes, may be indicative that C. papaya leaf extract has no toxic effect on the juveniles.

For centuries, Aloe vera has been hailed as a natural remedy with a plethora of health benefits. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of A. vera on their haematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters. Twenty male Wistar albino rats were taken and split into two groups. Group I (Treatment Group)received a prepared aqueous A. vera extract at a concentration of 50 mg/kg of body weight for a full 30 days. Group II (Control Group) was given 0.9% normal saline as a placebo. The study found that the rats that received the A. vera extract had significantly (p<0.05) higher packed cell volume (14.8±1.08) compared to the control group (11.26±0.45). However, there were no significant changes in the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) concentration, white blood cells (WBC) count, platelets count, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The serum alanine transaminase (ALT) concentration (U/L) was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the treated group (39.54±7.74) than in the control group (77.68±6.96), while there were no significant changes in the levels of urea and creatinine compared to the control group. The plasma levels of proinflammatory markers(TNFa, IL-6, and IFNγ) showed no significant differences between both groups. Overall, A. vera showed promise as a natural remedy for improving certain aspects of health, but more research is needed to understand its effects fully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Launaea taraxacifolia, is a plant used in traditional medicines, due to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. There is a need to study its ability to mitigate the harmful effects of benzene-induced haematotoxicity which potentially involves modulation of Intercellular Adhesion Molecules 1 (ICAM-1) and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecules 1 (VCAM-1) gene expressions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Launaea taraxacifolia on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 gene expression in benzene induced haematotoxicity in albino Wistar rats using standard methods. Data obtained was analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. The mRNA expression of ICAM-1 was significantly lower in groups B and C when compared to group A (p<0.05); While the mRNA expression of VCAM-1 in groups C, D, E and F was significantly lower when compared to groups A and B (p<0.05). This study concludes that benzene exposure induced a reduction in ICAM-1 mRNA expression, while VCAM-1 mRNA expression significantly increased. Coadministration of benzene and varying Launaea taraxacifolia concentrations reversed the effects on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression caused by benzene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We aimed to investigate the association of first trimester repeated spontaneous miscarriages with hematological profile, blood group and age. This case-control study was conducted at the laboratories of Zoology department The Women University Multan and the Department of Hematology, Nishter Hospital Multan, from June 2016 to Dec 2019. A total of 500 participants, 300 with spontaneous abortion and 200 healthy pregnant controls in first trimester of pregnancy were included in this study. The data was collected through questionnaire at the time of sampling after obtaining informed consent. ABO and Rh blood group was identified by using Antisera (including Anti-A, Anti-B and Anti-D). The analysis of haematological indices was done by using automated haematological analyzer (Sysmex Co. Japan). The mean maternal age in this study was 30.35±7.94 years for cases and 28.53±6.59 years for controls. Highest frequency of miscarriages 90 (30%) was observed in cases of age group 35-39 while lowest frequency of miscarriages 30 (10%) was observed in age group 20-24. Whereas, highest frequency 94 (47%) and lowest 2(1%) of controls were observed in age group 25-29 and 15-19 respectively. Out of 500 women 438 (87.6%) were Rh positive (including 256 cases and 182 control) and 62 (12.4%) were Rh-negative (including 44 cases and 18 controls). The observed ABO distribution pattern was B>A>O>AB. Blood group B was most frequent (34%) including 18% cases and 16% controls. Percentage of Rh-negative was higher in cases than controls 14.6% vs 9% but ABO and Rh blood groups showed no association with RSM in this population p=0.372; p=0.08 respectively. Haematological evaluation revealed significant decrease in Hb (p<0.001), MCV (p<0.001) and MCHC (p=0.006) values in cases as compared to controls whereas no significant differences found between the case and control groups in terms of RBC, WBCs, HCT, MCH, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and PLT (p>0.05). It is concluded that the age groups 35-39 years and significant changes in the values of Hb, MCV and MCHC may be associated with repeated spontaneous miscarriage in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research was carried out to assess the negative impacts of water cypermethrin concentrations on certain hematological and biochemical parameters and stress hormones in the juvenile common carp Cyprinus carpio L. for 96 hours. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) and data were analyzed through one-way ANOVA. The percentage of mortality was increased significantly following the exposure of common carp to cypermethrin and increasing the exposure level. Cypermethrin has a detrimental impact on fish hematological and biochemical parameters. Hematological profiles (LYM, MON, GRA, Hb, RBC, MCV, and Hct) decreased significantly with exposure of common carp to cypermethrin and increasing the level of exposure. Exposing fish to cypermethrin led to a significant rise in the level of triglycerides, AST, ALT, and ALP and a significant decline in the level of cholesterol. The levels of cortisol and T3 were significantly increased following the exposure of common carp to cypermethrin. While, significant reduction in AChE level was found by exposing common carp to cypermethrin. This research concluded that hematological, biochemical, and stress hormone parameters were adversely affected by exposing juvenile common carp to cypermethrin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present cross-sectional comparative analytical study was to assess the comparative evaluation of haematological parameters among medical radiographers and non-radiographers in the Department of Physiology, Gajra Raja Medical College and J A group of Hospitals, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the haematological parameters of the medical and non-radiographers and logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of duration of radiation exposures with certain haematological parameters. Mean radiation exposure duration range was 3-40 years (19.00±12.20 years). The demographic details i.e. age, weight, height and BMI the mean of all the parameters was statistically insignificant on comparing between the groups (p>0.05). In a Pearson correlation of haematological parameters with duration of radiation exposure it was found that platelet count, hemoglobin, mean capsular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were negatively associated with duration of exposure while total RBC count, total WBC count and packed cell volume were associated positively with duration of exposure but none of the parameters were associated significantly (p>0.05). Occupational exposure of ionizing radiation significantly affect the levels of haematological parameters in Medical Radiographers, but the effects of duration of work have not been significantly associated with haematological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the clinical assessment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) through routine laboratory tests. The study aimed to identify differences in standard parameters between OSA patients and a control group. Results showed higher mean red blood cell volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in OSA patients, but no significant differences in lipid profile, C-reactive protein, fasting glucose, and NT-proBNP levels. The study suggests that increased red blood cell volume in OSA patients may be due to undiagnosed OSA. Further research is needed to explore the impact of OSA on routine laboratory tests. [Extracted from the article]