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it is well-known that environmental graphic design is one of the messaging and advertising requirements in our life. Therefore, acquaintance with culture of society and knowing its norms, values, customs, and regulations can be significantly important to environmental graphic design. As designer knows deeply about culture and moods of society people, he can easily establish simple and deep communication with audience through simple and clear express, and in simple words designer can return audience identity to him with the new express and different framework and in this way can speak to him. Environmental graphic is a knowledge in which discussed and studied about how use different kinds of forms, colors, figures, and various pictures in a skillful, systematic, and planned way in order to making better and more simple relations, informing, and orientation, and also making beautiful the urban spaces such as public spaces. This knowledge is one of the most effective tools to effect on citizenships, and with visual design and relation it can return identity to audiences and seek to reform it based on components such as culture, customs and social contracts, economic and political trends and so on. This research aims to study the communicative role of the interactive environmental sign as an environmental graphic system. The research concludes that interactive environmental sign as an environmental graphic system through common media applied in urban environmental graphic such as poster, signs, highway signs, road signs, advertisings on vehicles, parks environmental design, design of buildings and resulted colors, public services spaces design, bus stops, phone booth, seats, environmental design of cultural and pleasure centers, design advertising sculptures in squares and parks, and different outdoor advertising

This study aims to apply communication design analysis to the rear side of the Tribhumigatha Thai manuscript, known for its horizontal narrative structure. Employing "Visual Methodology" within a semiotics-based approach, the research focuses on the Tribhumigatha manuscripts, a unique cultural artifact unfolding a cosmos narrative influenced by Buddhist teachings. Selected from the National Library for its comprehensive content and format, this manuscript serves as a representative case for the study. The analysis utilizes the three core metafunctions--representational, compositional, and interpersonal--to systematically examine artisans' visual choices. The representational metafunction reveals intricate symbolism and storytelling components, seamlessly integrating mythological and real-world perspectives. The compositional metafunction elucidates deliberate design choices, showcasing a thoughtful approach of Thai artisans beyond aesthetics. The interpersonal metafunction emphasizes dynamic interaction between viewers and artwork, encouraging active participation and aligning with the manuscript's educational purpose in teaching Buddhism. Metafunctions applied to the Tribhumigatha manuscript provide insights into the unique nature of graphic design in Thai manuscripts, underscoring their role as vehicles for transmitting cultural knowledge and as storytelling devices deeply embedded in Thai culture. Beyond aesthetics, the design emerges as a conduit for cultural expression and communication, enriching our understanding of Thai graphic design traditions on both front and rear sides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the authors explore the intricate relationship between Bernardo Vega's Memorias and the Puerto Rican diasporic experience, reflecting on the textual deformations and authorial ambiguities that have shaped the historical and literary reception of Memorias. This piece is an unorthodox collaboration between artist and author Molly Crabapple and political scientist and museum curator Monxo López. In it, they further deform Bernardo Vega's text by visually enhancing its emotional resonance and emphasizing its role as a vital organizing tool for the Puerto Rican community in New York City. This ongoing project aims to articulate the diaspora's claim to New York's urban space and history, advocating for a broader understanding of its "right to the city" amid contemporary socio-political challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article compares the preparatory drawings for the illustrations of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra’s novel Don Quixote de La Mancha by Pavel Șillingovski and Ilie Bogdesco, two famous artists, whose work represents the successive stages in the evolution of graphic during the 20th century. The series of drawings represents different attitudes towards the process of illustrating literary works. In order to achieve the proposed objective, we have resorted to theoretical concepts, present in the science of “art history” and described by the Viennese theorist Walter Koschatzky, as well as the published diary of I. Bogdesco, which complements the artistic creation inherited from the artist. In addition, has been described and analysed, the historiography, including very recent, in which the series of works, proposed for investigation, is published. The sketches for the illustrations allow us to see how the image of the famous hidalgo passes through 20th century art. In addition to this, we also make a brief incursion into the artistic context in which these two personalities worked. Through this modest theoretical approach, we wish to join the series of events and publications commemorating the centenary of the birth of the great graphic artist Ilie Bogdesco.

This article looks at three graphic memoirs and considers the specific ways in which the comic medium allows for the representation of complex and non-verbal interactions between the members of a family. The selected texts show how the sequencing of panels in a comic can depict the unspoken affects that circulate within a family unit. The comic medium seems to be apt for representing the distributed consciousness of a family, and also for splintering a character temporally so that older and younger versions of the character can be put into dialogue with each other in a family context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In general, the properties of binary matroids like graphicness and cographicness are not preserved by the splitting operation. In this paper, for the set of graphic matroids, we obtain a collection of minimal minors to get non-cographic splitting matroids using a splitting operation by a set containing three elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare providers often encounter clinical trial results in the form of visual data displays. Although there is a robust literature on patient responses to data displays in medical settings, less is known about how providers comprehend and apply this information. Our study provides a scoping review of the literature on providers' reactions to and perceptions of data displays. We searched article databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Library) supplemented by handsearching. Eligible articles were published in English from 1990 to 2020. We identified 15 articles meeting our criteria. Studies with physicians were more prevalent (13/15) than those with other healthcare providers (6/15). Commonly assessed outcomes included objective (10/15) and subjective comprehension (4/15), preference for certain data display formats (6/15), and hypothetical decision-making around prescribing (4/15). In studies that assessed comprehension of clinical trial concepts, scores were average or below what would be considered mastery of the information. Data display formats that were preferred did not always correlate with better comprehension of information; lesser preferred formats (e.g. icon array) often resulted in better comprehension. Our findings suggest that healthcare providers may not accurately interpret complex types of data displays, and it is unknown if such limitations affect actual decision-making. Interventions are needed to enhance comprehension of complex data displays within the context of prescription drug professional promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

В статье делается попытка периодизации раннего творчества знаменитого ленинградского абстракциониста Е.Г. Михнова-Войтенко и выделения основных особенностей его художественного языка в 1950–1960-е годы. Михнов-Войтенко является признанным, но до сих пор малоизученным художником. В основном в работах, посвященных его живописи, внимание уделяется 1970–1980-м годам, а также циклу «Тюбик» (1956–1959), тогда как ранние фигуративные работы, коллажи и графические серии 1960-х годов исследователи обходят стороной. Для характеристики произведений использованы методы формального и компаративного анализа. В статье выделяется три периода творчества художника — фигуративный, коллажный и графический. Несмотря на разнородные по характеру произведения, создаваемые художником в это время, определены черты художественного языка, присущие всему периоду в целом. К таковым относятся особая ритмическая организация каждого произведения, работа с пятном и линией, а также целостность, монументальность формы, вызванные стремлением отразить весь мир полностью в границах каждого отдельного произведения — конкреции. В заключение делается предположение о том, что данные особенности могут стать ключом к пониманию позднего творчества Михнова-Войтенко 1970–1980-х годов.

Copyright of IUG Journal of Islamic Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is possible for book illustrators to employ themselves, but it takes hard work, dedication, skill and professionalism on the part of the employees. This research basically aims at finding the ways and means by which illustrators can gain themselves a decent living from the profession in Ghana today. The opportunities are enormous and one can work hard to win awards. A profile of some selected illustrators can serve as an example to prospective self-employed illustrators. Response got. From discussions with certain publishing houses is relevant source of material for book illustrators in Ghana today. Upon consulting Art Directors it should be possible to secure employment if one is a good artist. Illustrators should be able to identify the media normally required by fishers and the type of books that need to be illustrated, how their works sell the rate at which they are commissioned, why Ghanaian books need and what they should do in order to gain employment. The earliest forms of illustration were prehistoric cave paintings. Before the invention of the printing press, illuminated manuscripts were hand illustrated. During the 15th century, books illustrated with woodcut illustrations became available. The main processes used for reproduction of illustrations during the 16th and 17th centuries were engraving and etching. Traditionally, engravers created darker areas by having thin lines intersect each other at high density, known as cross- hatching. One can specialize as book illustrator, fashion illustrator, freelance illustrator, medical illustrator, and map illustrator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research is to study motion in images of multimedia educational presentations, with a study of the use of graphic processing programs for still images in moving their vocabulary, and synthesis programs for editing video materials and creating a screen language that combines these movements to be used in educational presentations. It shed light on the important role that movement plays in the visual text that is read by the eye, especially within multiple media, such as writings and sound effects. An integrated one that nominates and clarifies the educational material developed, It can be used on the screens of learning centers, in Al-Alim Al-Zumri, or individual education, or self-education, or for groups of learners in classrooms within educational institutions, or in educational presentations on educational platforms, or by e-learning, for all students of different levels, and with different characteristics of learners.This study also aimed at consolidating the relationship between the photographer and the graphic processing programs, and introducing the designer to modern programs and applications for smart phones. This reduces the digital divide between the photographer and the RETUTURES who perform the POST PRODUCTION of digital photographs. Sophisticated technology plays a pivotal role in the specialization of animation, which is one of the most prominent methods that have recently emerged in the field of graphic works. There is a strong relationship between them from antiquity back to computer graphics. And by the use of computers in the development of these graphics.

This article broadly reveals the role and practical significance of theoretical rules for establishing connections in creating interesting and complex tasks aimed at developing students' creative, visual, logical thinking, spatial imagination and design and constructive abilities. Examples of creating interesting and complex problems using these theoretical rules are also presented.

Copyright of Art-E is the property of Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Fine Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Góndola, Enseñanza y Aprendizaje de las Ciencias is the property of Gondola, Ensenanza y Aprendizaje de las Ciencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research on the types of semantics and their divisions is one of the outstanding efforts made by Sheikh al-Tusi. He paid great attention to them and divided them into sections according to the semantic relationship between the signifier and the signified. Because the semantic relationship represents an incremental relationship between the signifier and the signified, the types of signification vary according to the nature of the relationship between the two poles of signification. And that the process of semantic thinking can only be achieved through the interaction of the signifier and the signified, and this matter results in the expansion of the semantic concept to include all channels of human communication that signify positioning, such as saying, doing, writing and pointing. The legislator’s commands and prohibitions are indicated and conveyed by semantic types: sayings, writing, and allusion. Sheikh al-Tusi named signs and means of modest communication on them by means of elucidation. Therefore, the research took place in various semantic systems with the precise classification of Sheikh Al-Tusi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Eurasian Education & Culture is the property of Ayse Burcu Ulusoy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. Forming a system of spatial, social and cultural landmarks, each speaker consciously/unconsciously records proper names which seem important. The most significant units are remembered, and it is they that determine the general idea of the entire set of marked objects. Since the system of linguistic units in the individual mental lexicon is regulated by a great number of subjective factors, it can be assumed that the tendencies of the reflection of reality in the mental lexicon common to a group of speakers open the way to the analysis of current social stereotypes. Shop and store names are one of the groups of commercial names, therefore, by their very nature, they are maximally oriented towards reflecting positive stereotypes of large social groups. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to analyze how the names of shops and stores are reflected in the mental lexicon of the women residents of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine, and to try to outline the connection between the proper names verbalization in speakers’ mental lexicon and their ideas about extralinguistic reality. Methods. The material for this study consists of 249 graphic variants of 160 names of clothing, footwear and food stores, collected by surveying 45 women residents of Kyiv. Descriptive, comparative, and quantitative methods were used in the research, and techniques of the structural method were occasionally involved. Results. Current store names in the capital of Ukraine create а very colorful linguistic landscape with its main feature – the predominance of foreign language components, both lexical and graphic. Among all this diversity, the speaker remembers 3 or 4 names оn average, which determine her idea of the general trends in the nomination of objects in this field and indirectly ‒ these objects themselves. The analysis of store and shop names active in the mental lexicon of Kyiv residents shows that the absolute majority of clothing and shoe stores (79 % and 81 %, respectively) are perceived by names identified with other cultural spaces. Not only the name’s origin, but primarily its graphic form is a clear indicator of belonging to some cultural space. The opposite case in the name system of grocery stores is recorded ‒ only 26 % of them were reproduced by respondents in Latin. The form in which the store or shop name is stored in the mental lexicon depends on a) the graphic code visualized on the signboard / in the advertisement and b) the sound form of the name commonly used in informal communication. The activity of the second factor directly depends on the symmetry of the sound and spelling of the barbarism name and the level of speaker’s foreign language competence. The result of the collision of different graphic codes in the speaker’s mind is mixing, which is manifested in the recording of the original form of the name from Latin to Cyrillic during memorization. Therefore, while keeping proper names in memory, speakers try to assimilate their form to the rest of the fixed units, and this often manifests itself in the transformation of the original form of proper name. Discussion. Oversaturation of Kyiv’s commercial ergonomics system with barbaric names forms a strong public stereotype about the attractiveness and progressiveness of other cultures in the consumption sphere and creates the illusion of the absence of national Ukrainian in it. Trying to master the system of store and shop names, Kyiv residents find themselves in a conflict situation: the dominant graphic code for them is the Cyrillic alphabet, while the Latin alphabet prevails in the visual space of Kyiv’s trade establishments. The way out of this situation is transformation ‒ recording of the original name with the help of a graphic system convenient for the speaker. In order to form a general idea about the reflection of the commercial proper names system in the mental lexicon of Ukrainians, it is necessary to involve in the study data from representatives of different age groups from different regions of the country.

Textbooks must meet the criteria for appropriate textbooks that have been set by BSNP, so that the teaching materials in them are quality teaching materials. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Arabic language textbook for class VIII that was published by Erlangga whether the textbooks have met BSNP standards and has met the quality of textbooks based on aspects of material, presentation, language and graphics. This type of research was content analysis research, which aimed to analyze more deeply the content of Arabic textbooks for the class VIII in Madrasah Tsanawiyah. The approach used in this research was a qualitative approach. The method used was the study of documentation and literature study. According the results of this study, Arabic textbooks for class VIII published by Erlangga are books that were not fully in accordance with BSNP standards and meet the quality of teaching materials based on material, presentation, linguistic, and graphic aspects. Based on the study, it could be concluded that this Arabic book was worthy of being used as a handbook based on its advantages. A prominent weakness of this book was from the aspect of graphic presentation.

Bir reklam yüzeyinde ürünün ya da hizmetin ne olduğu günümüzde genelde fotoğrafik görsellerle ifade edilmektedir. Bu bağlamla reklam fotoğrafçılığı işinin reklam tasarımının ana fikrinin belirlenmesinde önemli rolü vardır. Reklam fotoğrafçılığı, fotoğraf çekim yöntemlerinin ve teknolojilerinin tamamından yararlanılan bir alandır. Yiyecek fotoğrafçılığı da reklam fotoğraflarının bir kısmını oluşturur. Gıda ve gastronomi alanında faaliyet gösteren ister dünya çapında olsun, ister yerel olsun birçok marka ürünlerini öncelikle görsel materyallerle tanıtmaktadır. Dolayısıyla gıda fotoğrafçılığı gıda konusunda markalaşma için büyük öneme sahiptir. Fakat reklamı yapılan ürün sadece fotoğraf çekimiyle yeterli kalmamaktadır. Reklamın çekimleri; yapılan çekimin işlenmesinden, tasarım ve yayın sürecine kadar birçok grafik düzenlemeden geçmektedir. Birçok reklam çekiminde olduğu gibi yiyecek konusunda yapılacak reklam çekimlerinde çekimin yayınlanacağı mecra önemlidir. Bu yüzden yiyecek çekimlerinde ürünün yayınlanacağı reklamın gösterim şekli değişmektedir. Dolayısıyla yiyecek fotoğraflarının içerik bağlamında niteliğini ve çekim şeklini yayınlanacak mecraya göre grafik anlatım kuralları şekillendirmektedir. Bu araştırmada gastronomi alanında çekilen bazı reklam fotoğraf örnekleriyle grafik tasarım öğelerinin birlikte değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Değerlendirme kapsamında dünyanın değişik yerlerinden gıda temalı reklam çalışmaları seçilmiştir. Seçilen görsellerdeki grafik ve fotoğraf temaları ayrıştırılmak suretiyle elde edilen bilgiler reklam ve yiyecek fotoğrafçılığı arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca bu araştırma yiyecek fotoğrafçılığı ve grafik alanındaki literatüre katkı sağlamak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.

This paper presents methods for the precise orbit determination (POD) of a satellite in the CYGNSS constellation based on available single-frequency GPS code and carrier measurements. The contributions include the development and evaluation of procedures for single-frequency POD with GipsyX, improvement of CYGNSS orbit knowledge, and an assessment of its final accuracy. Ionospheric effects are mitigated using the GRAPHIC processing method, and spacecraft multipath effects are calibrated with an azimuth/elevation-dependent antenna calibration map. The method is demonstrated using comparable data from the GRACE mission, from which we infer the expected accuracy of the CYGNSS results. Processing more than 170 days of data from each mission, a 1 σ CYGNSS orbit accuracy of 2.8 cm radial, 2.4 cm cross-track, and 6 cm in-track is demonstrated. We expect that achieving this level of performance will expand the set of future scientific investigations that can be undertaken using satellites equipped with single-frequency GNSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of education, many necessary components are promulgated to respond to the requirements requested by government entities. Therefore, institutions must adjust their policies and institutional plans so that they increasingly articulate these postulates and can guarantee an education with quality and in constant improvement. The pedagogical models created and articulated in educational institutions, in preschool, elementary, secondary, middle and higher education, play a fundamental role, since this represents the formal information of how is taught and learned in each educational institution. The model includes: the role of the actors in the teaching and learning process; teachers and students, the curricular approach, purposes of the training process, learning strategies, evaluation, and other relevant aspects to fulfill the mission and vision of the university. The following article presents an analysis and description of the relationship between the institutional pedagogical model proposed by the University of Boyacá, which is based on the complex thinking of Edgar Morin and the teaching and learning process during classes in the area projector workshop of the academic program of Graphic Design. This study was developed from a qualitative methodological process, under a holistic research approach. The descriptive and analytical phase was worked through the collection of information by means of instruments such as non-participant observation, field diary, surveys and interviews directed to students and teachers, records of workshop classes, reading of primary sources and contrast of formal institutional documents and those of the program and the university. Two softwares were used for the analysis and description of all the information, the first one was Atlas.ti 8.0 to identify in the interviews applied to the students and the teachers, codes in vivo (codes that are generated literally from expressions of the informants) or abstract (code that represents a theoretical postulate or experience exposed by the informants). Subsequently, the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software was used to tabulate and systematize all the information collected in the surveys applied to teachers and students. According to the methodology developed and seeing it from the epistemological perspectives in relation to the nature of the research, finally the study showed that the institutional pedagogical model is partially articulated to the teaching and learning processes of the Graphic Design program. This is shown in practical workshops and it has permeated the students since their initial training and the other part of the training process, thus seeking to respond to the purposes of the Institutional Educational Projects of the University of Boyacá. Finally, the study concludes that the teaching of design seen from the paradigm of complexity contributes significantly to the learning process, since positive characteristics were evidenced that contribute significantly to the training of future designers. For example, letting students confront uncertainty processes from the academy through different exercises prepares them for any problem that may arise in their working life, where real contexts and environments will be involved. Design should look for possible solutions from the graphic discipline. Likewise, it is important to keep in mind that the designer not only generates beautiful pieces, but is a subject that is related to the visual problems of context and society, therefore it was also observed that students act as integral human beings and not only with purely professional aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem Definition: Relatively speaking, there are elements or phenomena in the universe whose origin, use, repetition, and representation have caused the formation of collective memories, and in their light, a sense of belonging or identity has been formed. One of these elements is color, which may be attributed to a group or a nation within a certain or wide range in a non-written form, regardless of whether the subject is right or wrong. Graphics, as a visual medium from form and color, conveys various subjects; thus, cultural issues and national culture can also be a part of it. To address this issue, the present research aims to find the answer to the following questions: (1) "what are the most frequent colors related to Iran in graphic posters with the theme of Iran or culture?" and (2) "What are the possible reasons for these colors?".Objective: Knowing Iranian intangible symbolic elements and better understanding different variants of Iranian visual culture are the main goals of this research.Research method: In this research, data were collected using library resources, databases, and visual graphic evidence. Then, using the method of visual content analysis, by collecting color samples from posters related to Iran in a pseudo-statistical manner, the most frequent colors were identified and then described and analyzed.Results: This study showed that to represent the Iranian color, except for the corporate color and the official flag, Iranian graphic designers referred to the colors related to their culture, which are often derived from cultural and artistic products, handicrafts, the color of the climate and ecosystem, traditional arts, Iranian-Islamic architecture, calligraphy, and the like. They also reproduced a spectrum of these colors in their work for Iran-related topics. Among these, the most frequent colors associated with Iran are the color spectrum of lacquered red, bright yellow, and brick red, as well as turquoise blue.

Este artí­culo analiza la vinculación de la estampación textil en el contexto de la moda enfocada en la ilustración de motivos botánicos desde la doble perspectiva profesional y creativa del diseño, teniendo en cuenta tanto su desarrollo y evolución históricos como el conjunto de recursos, aspectos funcionales y modos operativos que aportan un valor añadido al diseño terminado, finalmente disponible para su venta. Observaremos las referencias artí­sticas a lo largo del tiempo y el reconocimiento del diseñador/a, así­ como los inicios de la estampación en esta industria, repasando brevemente las técnicas gráficas y pictóricas actualmente más utilizadas para estos procesos.

Data visualization is a core tenet of communicating measurement research and outcomes. Measurement professionals utilize data visualization in various phases of research, including exploration and communication. However, data visualization has not received enough attention in the measurement field. While it is true that many measurement graphics are relatively standard, many others are not and there is a wide variety of visualization quality and effectiveness seen in measurement journals. This article provides an overview of the current data visualization trends in measurement and provides some general tips for effective data visualization, with examples. This article is not a comprehensive treatise on data visualization. Therefore, we provide some resources for additional reading. Finally, we call on the measurement community to pay greater attention to the details of data visualization. We also call on measurement training programs to emphasize statistical reasoning through data visualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal is the property of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to COVID-19, art and design education is experiencing a major shift. This study aims to explore perceptions related to online assessment in the discipline of art and design. It was conducted to explore views of university art and design educators in the Middle East regarding their experiences with the online assessment methods that they used during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research also aims to explore the current global assessment practices in art and design distance education. The main research question is: what are art and design educators' experiences, concerns, and perceived challenges and barriers to online assessment? The research argues that art and design-based online assessment methods will have to be customized to become adequate for assessing art and design students. The research adopted a mixed methodology approach by surveying fifty-three educators from several Middle Eastern countries. In addition, two focus groups were conducted with eleven art and design instructors in Bahrain in an attempt to investigate the most effective online assessment practices and feedback approaches in the art and design discipline. These findings may have implications for art and design educators in the Middle East and other parts of the world to help them utilize effective online assessment methods and feedback with art and design students based on their preferences and perceptions. Finally, the article provides international universities with proposed online assessment approaches in addition to insights and practices from experienced art and design educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is not a genre to write a "graphic novel." Fiction, nonfiction, historical fiction, fantasy and anything in between can all be found in graphic books. Sequential art is used to tell a story in graphic novels, just like in comic books. While comic books tend to be one-off stories, graphic novels tend to be stand-alone with more complicated plots. This study is a critical analysis of the graphic Novels regarding violence. The research on social information processing in aggressive youngsters provides an explanation for the connection between reading violent comic books and violence. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the many uses of violence in graphic novels. A larger focus could include comparisons with other media, such as film, literature, and the fine arts. Particular approaches of violence, such as a closer examination of violent language or imagery, or their omission from several perspectives, could be the subject of more in-depth research. The violence in graphic novels is a valuable source for research and is far more nuanced than in Boom, Zack, Pow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The visual culture and artistic accumulation that societies have been developing since the past is reflected in the works done in different fields. In the production of comics, basic features such as character design and color applications sometimes vary between cultures. Therefore, although the artist who produces the comic determines the visual basic features of a comic, the culture of the cartoonist is effective in the development of his style. Comics are produced in many parts of the world. Different design approaches and styles in comics may vary from region to region in terms of geography. In addition to the "comics" in the USA or the Japanese "manga", the form of comics produced by French-speaking countries is one of the important schools today. The Franco-Belgian comic style has a deep-rooted historical development process back to pre-printing times. There is important information to support this proposition. Therefore, in the article, the historical development process of the comics in France was explained in basic terms, the effect of the historical development of the French-Belgian comics on the linear language, character designs and subject selection in the context of style was examined with examples, and information was given about its place in popular culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of the image in the communicative process is not questionable. The goal of this study is to consider the implications that derive from the translation of a text that combines the visual with the verbal code; we refer to the comic or comic strip. In academic circles, this iconic-verbal object has not enjoyed excessive attention, even sometimes it has been called an uncomfortable object. However, there is no lack of studies that in their time underlined its academic interest and currently there are different works that focus on this mode of expression underlining its importance. Therefore, the Italian translation of El Eternauta will be the object of our research.