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This study utilizes multi‐homing theory to assess international travelers' usage of social media platforms, revealing insights into their gender, country of origin, generation cohorts, and travel purposes. These insights can guide the development of effective social media marketing strategies for national destination management organizations (DMOs). Data from South Korea's 2019 International Visitor Survey (with 12,194 participants) was analyzed using chi‐square and correspondence analysis techniques. The results revealed distinctive preferences of international visitors among generational cohorts with different travel purposes across 19 countries in the usage of online travel communities, social network platforms, video‐sharing platforms, and travel blogs. Understanding the dynamics of social media platforms helps national DMOs enhance their social media marketing strategies for international visitors, based on the multi‐sided platform usage paradigm. Nevertheless, acknowledging the study's limitations points towards potential avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: While today's customer steadily adapts to various modes of shopping, their beliefs around fluency through each shopping channel, and personal factors such as income level, can impact their intention to patronage or purchase from omnichannel department stores. Hence, this study analysed the customers of omnichannel fashion department stores, using perceived fluency and income as indirect factors that help understand customers' patronage intention and purchase intention. Design/methodology/approach: The overarching framework for this research is the theory of reasoned action, in which patronage and purchase intentions represent the specific likelihood-of-performance behaviours. A Seemingly Unrelated Regression model was empirically used to analyse the relationships between generational cohorts, income, and perceived channel fluency and the behaviours that lead to patronage intention and purchase intention. Researchers conducted a survey among 552 omnichannel fashion department store consumers to examine today's retail environment. Findings: The results of this study suggest that (1) consumers between the ages of 50 and 69 years, including older Generation X and younger Baby Boomers, who earn between $60,000 and $79,999 in annual salary show a significantly positive relationship with both patronage and purchase intentions through perceived fluency and (2) consumers between the ages of 38 and 49 years, including older Millennials and younger Generation X, who earn between $80,000 and $99,999 in annual salary show a significantly positive relationship with purchase intention through perceived fluency Originality/value: This study analyses correlations between a generational cohort, perceived fluency as moderated by income and the relationship between these variables and customers' patronage and purchase intentions, which has not been studied before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identity is personal elaboration built based on interaction within sociocultural historical context. The masculinity identity has its foundation in gender roles, which influence and determine the behavior of men. The main aim is analyze the psychological meaning of masculine identity in men of different generations. The mixed methodology, applied semantic network technique to 268 men, from three generational cohorts and of sexual diversity. The results show that the concept of "being a man" is well defined in the three populations, being the young and those of diversity who, with the transition from modernity to postmodernity, are forced to transform their masculine identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influences of the sociohistorical context and the course of life are fundamental axes to understand the constituent elements of masculinity, in men of 2 generational cohorts (baby boomers and millennials). Main is to analyze how the masculine identity is built, identifying its constituent elements, and how it is transformed in the course of life. A qualitative approach (historical-hermeneutic) is used through focus groups. It is established that masculinity is a dialectical process, between the biological, cultural and contextual, which influences the consolidation of masculinity from youth to old age. In conclusion, the men of both groups build their identity based on the patriarchal model, with minimal changes marked by their vital circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine generational differences and leadership style preferences in service and manufacturing organizations in south-eastern (SE) Slovenia. The focus was on preferred leadership approaches and generational differences.

The socioecological model (SEM) was used as a conceptual framework to examine the effect of generational cohorts on study navigation and enrollment in health research. The study population was 7,370 community-dwelling Gen Xers and Baby Boomers in North Central Florida. Analyses found that Leading-edge Boomers (individuals born between 1946 and 1955) [vs Gen Xers (individuals born between 1965 and 1955)] and individuals with higher trust (vs lower trust) were 41% and 25% respectively more likely to be enrolled in health research compared to their counterparts, controlling for factors at the individual, relationship, and community levels of the SEM. We conclude the study with a summary of the findings and the recruitment implications for study enrollment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empirical studies on personalization in the luxury hotel context are lacking. Personalization, financial, social, and structural bonds have been proposed together as a conceptual framework, but have not been tested empirically. Moreover, relational bond studies in the luxury hotel U.S. market are non-existent. As personalization is a growing trend and luxury hotels continue to be a high revenue generator for brands, we proposed a relational bonds model in the context of U.S. luxury hotels. Multiple regression analysis was conducted on data collected through a Qualtrics Survey Panel from 205 U.S. respondents. A subgroup analysis was performed to examine differences between Millennials and Generation Xers. The results show differences between the two generational cohorts in terms of the relational bonds regarding behavioral loyalty intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sports footwear sector is a lucrative market, particularly among Generation Y consumers. The aim of this research is to determine the factors that influence the customer satisfaction level of sports footwear brands among South African Generation Y. The study used a quantitative research method and followed a descriptive research design. Six of the nine independent variables, namely brand association, perceived quality, style, comfort, brand name and price, were found to have a statistically significant impact on Generation Y consumers’ satisfaction levels with sports footwear brands, while three of the nine variables, namely brand image, colour and endorsement, produced an insignificant impact on customer satisfaction levels of the same age cohort. Marketers of the sports footwear brands that were not identified as favourite brands in the study are advised to evaluate their marketing strategies and manufacturing processes. Those sports brands identified as favoured brands by Generation Y customers are also encouraged to evaluate factors that were found insignificant in influencing customer satisfaction among Generation Y cohorts.

This study investigated the relationship between generational cohorts and job retention as influenced by coping strategies. Participants were a convenience sample of 151 full-time South African engineers (Generation X: 1961 to 1980 = 47.7%; white = 66.9%; male = 89.4%). Participants completed the Positive Coping Behaviour Inventory (PCBI) as well as the Retention Factors Behaviour Inventory (RFBI). A stepwise regression analysis revealed no age cohort differences in terms of job retention. However, affective positive (emotion-focused) coping significantly predicted satisfaction with retention factors. No differences were found in term of the demographic variables. Human resource practitioners should prioritise innovative work coping mechanisms that will guide retention strategies within the engineering sector in South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Growth in the ride-hailing sector has contributed to intense competition among Transportation Network Companies (TNCs), with many new platforms entering the market and TNC brands aiming to achieve market dominance. In this turbulent business environment, advocacy presents a viable tool for attracting customers and maintaining market share. Aim: This research provides insight into the interrelationships between affective commitment, service quality, and perceived justice, their influence on advocacy in the ride-hailing sector, and the extent to which two viable generational cohorts (baby boomers and Generation Y), guided by different life perspectives, moderate the magnitude of the relationships established. Setting: A self-administered survey was conducted among ride-hailing customers of a specific TNC brand in South Africa. Method: The survey included previously validated measurement scales to assess the constructs of the study. The final sample comprised 150 baby boomers and 309 Generation Y individuals. Data analysis included multi-group structural equation modelling, bootstrapping, and the Wald test. Results: Affective commitment positively influences perceived justice and service quality, with customer advocacy intention as the end result. Generational cohorts moderated most of the direct effects and the indirect effect between perceived justice and customer advocacy intention through service quality. Conclusion: Overall, the study contributes to the conversation regarding affective states influencing cognition and provides a fresh perspective on the affect-cognition-behaviour relationship in a ride-hailing service context. Contribution: The study provides a fresh perspective on the affect-cognition-behaviour relationship within a ride-hailing service context and advances knowledge of customer advocacy in relation to TNC brands.

Background: Growth in the ride-hailing sector has contributed to intense competition among Transportation Network Companies (TNCs), with many new platforms entering the market and TNC brands aiming to achieve market dominance. In this turbulent business environment, advocacy presents a viable tool for attracting customers and maintaining market share. Aim: This research provides insight into the interrelationships between affective commitment, service quality, and perceived justice, their influence on advocacy in the ride-hailing sector, and the extent to which two viable generational cohorts (baby boomers and Generation Y), guided by different life perspectives, moderate the magnitude of the relationships established. Setting: A self-administered survey was conducted among ride-hailing customers of a specific TNC brand in South Africa. Method: The survey included previously validated measurement scales to assess the constructs of the study. The final sample comprised 150 baby boomers and 309 Generation Y individuals. Data analysis included multi-group structural equation modelling, bootstrapping, and the Wald test. Results: Affective commitment positively influences perceived justice and service quality, with customer advocacy intention as the end result. Generational cohorts moderated most of the direct effects and the indirect effect between perceived justice and customer advocacy intention through service quality. Conclusion: Overall, the study contributes to the conversation regarding affective states influencing cognition and provides a fresh perspective on the affect-cognition-behaviour relationship in a ride-hailing service context. Contribution: The study provides a fresh perspective on the affect-cognition-behaviour relationship within a ride-hailing service context and advances knowledge of customer advocacy in relation to TNC brands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation z behavior and interest became relevant to business today and in the future as they predicted to be the next consumer powerhouse. In the last few years, the Indonesian beauty industry has been emerging and is expected to continue showing significant growth in the next few years. Generation z entering the market is marked as a phenomenon that businesses should anticipate as this specific generation seems to have low consumer loyalty. This study aims to develop generation z's loyalty model on local beauty products that include factors that influence consumer loyalty and formulate an alternative approach to improve the company's consumer loyalty. The results show that perceived product quality significantly affects perceived value. In addition, perceived product quality and perceived value significantly influence consumer satisfaction. Furthermore, consumer satisfaction has a significant effect on consumer trust. Consumer satisfaction, consumer trust, and consumer ethnocentrism have a considerable impact on the variable of consumer loyalty. Strategies that the company can imply are increasing product research and development to formulate local lipstick products that provide comfort, developing new color choices according to generation z's preference, showing the product quality assurance certificate, creating social media marketing, and expanding the marketing network of local lipstick products.

Following a school shooting, the public and media search to understand what factors led to such tragedy. Faced with grief, fear, and confusion, people often seek to make sense of traumatic events. As such, this study uses a 2020 Amazon Mechanical Turk survey (N = 739) to examine the impact of generational cohort on the blameworthiness of various perceived causes of school shootings. Findings support some generational differences. Baby Boomers were more likely to believe in societal-related causes of school shootings compared to Millennials and Generation Z. Conversely, Millennials and Generation Z were more likely than Baby Boomers to attribute the cause of school shootings to bullying, mental health, and school security. These findings suggest that future school shooting policies will seek to address bullying, mental health, and school security, while policies surrounding societal factors may be phased out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Western labeling is widely used to define a generation. However, this label was developed based on American history. Guided by Generational Cohort Theory, this research aims to define the generational cohorts of Malaysia based on historical events and collective memory. Twelve focus group interviews (FGI) were conducted. The findings revealed four generational cohorts, namely the Pre-Merdeka (Pre-Independence), Merdeka, Reformists, and Internet generations. Overall, the Pre-Merdeka generation who are in their late 70 s and early 80 s (born in 1944 and prior) clearly recounted the hardships and food scarcity during the Japanese Occupation. They care most for security and peace of the country. The Merdeka generation (50 s and 60 s years old or born between 1945 and 1964) recalled mostly various racial and political struggles during the run up to Malaysia attaining independence such as the 13th of May 1969 incident. The Reformists (30 s and 40 s age group born between 1965 and 1984) elicited memories on various national development and achievements in sports, politics, and computer technology. The Internet generation (in their 20 s or born from 1985 onwards) recalled mostly social media impact and smartphones while reminiscing on the birth of the new Malaysia in 2018. Generally, the findings reflect unique generational cohorts with distinct recollection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation Z is increasingly becoming more powerful regarding influencing family travel choices and emerging as a segment with significant buying potential for tourism, however not much tourism-related studies have been conducted on this generational cohort. This study explored relationships between Generation Z members’ sociodemographics and perceptions of domestic tourism in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. A structured questionnaire survey of 385 Generation Z respondents gave rise to quantitative data for analyses. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed to explore variable relationships. Results show that significant number of Generation Z members have tertiary education but largely unemployed, as most of them were still studying at the time this research was conducted. Lack of funds and opportunity seem to be the major limiting factors to their participation in domestic tourism. Generation Z females, older members (above 20 years of age) and respondents with tertiary education are more likely to participate in domestic tourism than their counterparts. This study considers competitive pricing of tourism products and services and more aggressive marketing of local tourism destinations using technology as ways of attracting and retaining members of Generation Z as domestic tourists.

The circular economy is one of the crucial issues in fashion because the fashion industry is a major global polluter. Many consumers are adopting a more sustainable lifestyle and it shows in their buying preferences and behaviors. This study aims to predict sustainable fashion apparel consumption using an extended version of the belief–attitude–intention framework, by investigated the moderating effect of generational cohorts. Particularly, the study emphasizes the rental apparel, second-hand apparel, and recycled apparel markets. Survey data were collected from 135 Generation X consumers, 134 Generation Y consumers, and 139 Generation Z consumers in Taiwan. Structural equation modeling and the bootstrapping method were applied to test the hypothesized relationships. The findings determined environmental consciousness, perceived value, and perceived risk as key predictors of consumers' sustainable apparel purchase intentions. The findings also showed that the generational cohort negatively moderated the relationship between environmental consciousness and sustainable apparel purchase intentions. Therefore, fully understanding consumers' purchase intentions regarding sustainable apparel is an indispensable topic for both academia and industry in a circular environment. Moreover, the fashion industry should concentrate more on promoting sustainability and ecologically friendly apparel products as well as developing multi-generational marketing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this research is to understand how civic participation influences the well-being of older people, thus being a key activity of active aging. In addition, it recognizes differences by gender, age group and generational cohort. The data are drawn from the European Social Survey (2002–2016), considering individuals born before 1965 in 14 European countries. A pseudo-panel has been constructed from the cross-sectional data and a cross-lagged model applied using random effects (n = 1412). In addition to demonstrating that there is a two-way association between civic participation and the indicators of well-being, this study provides empirical evidence that the relationship from past civic participation to present health and happiness is stronger than vice versa. Therefore, this result confirms the causal effect of civic participation on well-being. Consequently, civic participation and its activities promote the well-being of the elderly and should be encouraged through public and social policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customer satisfaction has been considered a key strategic indicator to enhance marketing performance. This study was conducted to compare the satisfaction level of consumers toward online food shopping based on generational differences. The data were collected from consumers who purchase food from the restaurant using the online application across Indonesia. The cross-sectional data were collected utilizing an online questionnaire using Google online application. A total of 445 responses were found to be valid. Descriptive statistics analysis and independent sample T-test were employed to describe behavior in purchasing food online and the difference in customer satisfaction perceived by two generational cohorts. The results show that Gen Y and Gen Z have a significantly different levels of satisfaction. Gen Y feels a higher level of satisfaction than Gen Z. The managerial implications for restaurant managers and service providers are offered. Future research might investigate customer satisfaction for other generational cohorts, for instance, Baby Boomers, generation X, and others. In addition, future research might be conducted for different cultural backgrounds by adding other variables (eWOM, loyalty, marketing performance) resulting from customer satisfaction.

Millennials and Generation X (Gen-X) are the fastest-growing market segment in Indonesia. The study aims to discover the salient values of those generations and to investigate their value differences. Data were obtained via questionnaires from 200 respondents of each generation. The questionnaires measure the importance of the values of each generation, consisting of nine values from the List of Values established by Kahle (1986), namely Sense of belonging, Excitement, Being well respected, Fun and enjoyment, Security, Self-fulfillment, Self-respect, Warm relationships with others, and Sense of accomplishment. This study employed factor analysis to identify sets of values representing their underlying values. This method resulted in three inherent values of Gen X and two of Millenials. Gen X shows the importance of Achievement, Family enjoyment, and Social relationship. Meanwhile, the Millennials are conspicuous by the values of Social recognition and Self-pleasing. Companies that choose Gen X as their target market can use their above-mentioned values to be expressed in their marketing strategies. Meanwhile, those who choose Millennials may use the two inherent values of this generation. This study fills a research gap on the characters of the emerging young generation segments in the country that can be adopted to generate market segment characters in the country. Acknowledgment This work was funded by a research grant from the Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia.

The present study aims to understand the impact of Covid-19 on the collective memory among Malaysian generational cohorts. Our research draws on a nationwide survey conducted from July-September 2020 during the second pandemic wave in Malaysia. Respondents were asked to report "the national or world events or changes over the past 60 years" that seemed to them especially important and explain the reasons for their choices. As expected, the result indicated Covid-19 as the most frequently mentioned event. Despite the primacy and recency of the event, we found significant cohort effects on the collective memory of Covid-19, with lower recall recorded among the older generation as compared to the younger generation, which provided stronger support to the Critical Years Hypothesis. Interesting cohort experiences emerge in the meaning attached to Covid-19 across different generational cohorts through open-ended follow-up questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The support for the use of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning is a sign of contributions and support for in-class and out-of-class learning. This study investigates the perspective of student's digital multi-modal literacy on student's behavioral intention to use a CSCL. We proposed a theoretical model that examines student perspectives on the integration of digital multi-modal literacy in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. The study empirically examined and validated the proposed theoretical model based on a digital multi-modal computer-supported collaborative learning adoption. The data were analyzed with a partial least square, structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) statistical approach. Results suggest that student's perspective on multi-modal literacy has a positive and significant impact on the behavioral intention to use. Furthermore, all the UTAUT factors have a strong and significant impact on the behavioral intention to support the use of digital multi-modal computer-supported collaborative learning. Therefore, student's perspective on multi-modal literacy contributes towards their behavioural intention to use collaborative computer-based learning. To further improve collaboration and communication based on the use of CSCL to support students learning environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation Z is increasingly becoming more powerful regarding influencing family travel choices and emerging as a segment with significant buying potential for tourism, however not much tourism-related studies have been conducted on this generational cohort. This study explored relationships between Generation Z members' socio - demographics and perceptions of domestic tourism in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. A structured questionnaire survey of 385 Generation Z respondents gave rise to quantitative data for analyses. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed to explore variable relationships. Results show that significant number of Generation Z members have tertiary education but largely unemployed, as most of them were still studying at the time this research was conducted. Lack of funds and opportunity seem to be the major limiting factors to their participation in domestic tourism. Generation Z females, older members (above 20 years of age) and respondents with tertiary education are more likely to participate in domestic tourism than their counterparts. This study considers competitive pricing of tourism products and services and more aggressive marketing of local tourism destinations using technology as ways of attracting and retaining members of Generation Z as domestic tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature suggests that when shopping for luxury goods, consumers arbitrate between genuine and fake luxury goods, with younger consumers being more likely to arbitrate in favor of luxury fakes because of their lower income and different values. We challenge this alleged influence in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a country where access to luxury can be controlled for, and generations differ in values following 1990s' meteoric takeoff. Drawing on the functional theories of attitudes, a qualitative study shows that luxury consumption does not serve the same psychological functions for the pre-boom (born before 1990) and the post-boom generational cohorts in the UAE. As such, it demonstrates the power of values when explaining the trade-off between genuine and fake luxury goods, as values can explain both a current negative influence of age on counterfeit consumption in Western countries and a positive one in the Middle East. The findings are interesting for public policy makers and managers operating in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of a multigenerational workforce has been around for the past decade but has found renewed resonance in the higher education sector, internationally. While an interesting aspect of human resource management as well as organizational behavior, generational study per se, has not been dealt with the kind of resourcefulness and insight in the Indian context. Quite a few noticeable studies have been made with regard to multiple generations at the workplace but with regard to multiple generations coexisting as teaching faculty has largely gone unnoticed in the field of research. Though reasons abound for this oversight, it has been seen that as the inherent challenges of intergenerational differences spill over across various sectors, the changing scope of education will also be impacted by the intergenerational differences prevailing among teaching faculty. Different generations bring with them different outlooks, perceptions and motivations. That there is a difference has been established through studies on generations and generational cohorts for the past many decades. It has been firmly established that different generations bring with them different perceptions and outlooks, not to mention different work styles and expectations from the job. While perceptions differ, so do the outlook towards motivation towards a job role. This paper is an attempt to understand the inherent differences in motivating factors for different generations in the teaching job roles in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature surrounding student usage of academic libraries often relies upon generational cohort classifications when discussing patterns and preferences. We analyzed the most recent data available at [University] Libraries to determine whether any statistical significance could be attributed to these generational cohort classifications. We found that no significance could be attributed to generational cohorts that could not also be accounted for by other factors, bringing into question the importance of alleged generational differences when making decisions within academic library practice and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generational cohorts can differ in their consumption patterns and preferred travel behavior. As the millennial generation represents an important economic force and influences new consumption trends, this study utilizes nationwide data and almost ideal demand system (AIDS) approach to examine expenditure patterns of Korean travelers during holidays. In this process, the joint effects of travel-related characteristics are also examined. The results of the AIDS estimation on data from 871 domestic travelers reveal significantly different travel expenditure patterns for cohorts. The findings contribute to furthering the understanding of how different generational cohorts allocate their travel budgets to respective travel expenditure categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have explored the applicability of social media technology in diverse fields. However, its significance as a delivery tool in the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) motorcycle industry lacks literature. Motorcycles for product delivery are one of SSA's largest informal employments to generational cohorts. Motorcycles are crucial for product mobility and passenger conveyance in SSA, and it is currently the most outsourced logistics that drive the SSA online commerce ecosystem. With the financial challenges of the SSA motorcycle industry, generational cohorts of this economic sector have adopted social media technology for delivery purposes. Even though this phenomenon is realized among the predominated Generation (Gen) X, Y, and Z, no research has explored the area. However, motorcycle studies are based on actors, organizations, politics, forms of service regulation, safety, health, environmental impacts, and spatial patterns, creating a significant gap in social media adoption, usage, and importance. Therefore, the study aims to assess the effects of the factors influencing the recent adoption of social media technology for delivery operations and the difference in social media acceptance and application between Gen X, Y, and Z in the SSA motorcycle industry using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The novel findings show the theoretical extension of the adopted theories by introducing cohorts' technical know-how (TKH), which positively influences cohorts' social media adoption and application. It also confirms the differences in generational cohorts' technology intelligence and acceptance. Generally, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and attitude influence generational cohorts to adopt social media for delivery purposes. Cohorts' perceived risk was insignificant, and the predictors of the TAM and TPB model partially mediate the positive relationship between TKH and intention to use social media as a delivery tool. The study's findings have theoretical and business implications, which are discussed in detail in the conclusion. But generally, the findings will service as a guide for logistics companies to integrate a cost-effective technology into their system. It will help policymakers of the various African states to revise the ban on motorcycle usage for commercial purposes. • Theories adopted are the technology acceptance model and theory of planned behavior • Generally, the adopted constructs influence cohorts' social media adoption • Cohorts' technical know-how highly influences the predictors of TAM and TPB • Predictors of TAM and TPB partially mediate cohorts TKH and social media adoption • Findings reveal differences and similarities among Gen X, Y and Z [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This research provides a comprehensive overview of the luxury brand cognitive and affective experience, category ownerships and consumption level of affluent adult consumers in the USA. The purpose of this study was to illuminate generational cohorts' differences and/or similarities among the consumers regarding collecting behavior of, brand self-congruity toward and emotional brand attachment with fashion luxury brands. Design/methodology/approach - Using a cross-sectional quantitative approach, the authors conducted a national, representative online survey, 443 usable responses were collected from four generational cohorts, namely, older boomers, younger boomers, Generation Xers and Millennials, who reported an annual household income of US$150,000 or more. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were used to provide the empirical findings. Findings - Findings suggest that there are significant differences in the luxury brands they owned the most; Millennials exhibited significantly more frequent purchases of luxury fashion goods for all retail types - both brick-and-mortar and online, as well as upscale and discount-image retailers, compared to older Baby Boomers; and there are clear distinctions of cognitive, affective and behavioral responses toward fashion luxury goods between Millennials and older Baby Boomers. For instance, Millennials are more emotionally attached to luxury fashion brands, they see themselves more aligned with the brand image, and they collect such goods significantly more, compared to the older Baby Boomers. Originality/value - By providing empirical evidence of contrasting each generational group's unique consumption behavior in terms of luxury brand goods such as ownership level (accessible vs high-end luxury), retail channel choice behavior, cognitive, affective and behavioral responses toward the luxury fashion goods, the authors provided clear strategies for the luxury brand managers regarding two distinctive segments in the luxury marketplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of a validated measure of active–passive union participation and a dearth of research into the relationship between generational cohort and union participation challenge union leaders to develop policies and practices to facilitate union renewal. We address these issues by (a) developing a multidimensional measure of union participation that captures both active and passive components, (b) using structural equation modelling to validate the measure within a nomological framework, and (c) investigating the impact of generational cohort on all paths in our framework. Data from members of a large American union confirm that generational cohort influences how union members participate in their union. The two‐factor measure developed in this study facilitates research into antecedents and outcomes of passive and active union participation. Our findings should also prove useful to unions seeking to increase participation within their membership, academics researching unions and generational cohort, and human resource practitioners operating in unionised environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine if the factors affecting brand loyalty in the footwear industry are moderated by generational cohorts (Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials). It also examines if product quality, product style, produce price, brand image, service quality, and store environment are antecedents to brand loyalty in the Malaysian footwear industry. Insights into brand loyalty in Malaysia's footwear industry would help domestic brands gain customer loyalty and allow penetration into the global footwear market. Web-based, selfadministrated survey questionnaires were distributed to 200 respondents. Several statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 22 software. The results indicate that four of the predetermined antecedents, product quality, product style, brand image, and store environment significantly influence brand loyalty in the Malaysian footwear industry. Malaysian footwear consumers from different age groups (generational cohorts) also revealed different purchasing patterns and buying behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]