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Il paper presenta parte dei risultati di una ricerca empirica intorno alla violenza agita attraverso le parole rivolte alle donne che lavorano nell’industria musicale in Italia, da colleghi, clienti e professionisti dello stesso settore. Attraverso 115 frammenti narrativi digitali di donne lavoratrici della musica, si ricostruiscono le forme della discriminazione di genere in questo particolare ambito, con riguardo alla rappresentazione socio-narrativa incarnata dello sguardo degli uomini. Tale definizione intende sottolineare l’importanza della componente narrativa, accanto a quella puramente visiva, nella costruzione delle rappresentazioni che circolano in una data cultura. La ricerca evidenzia la presenza di una rappresentazione stereotipata delle donne all’interno dell’industria musicale e la forte dominanza di processi di oggettivazione e sessualizzazione, dove il corpo diviene il principale mediatore della relazione professionale.

Gli studi sullo sguardo femminile hanno ormai una lunga anche se forse non consolidata tradizione interdisciplinare che risale almeno agli anni ’70 del Novecento. Se è stato di sicuro l’ambito dei Film Studies, e soprattutto quello dei Feminist Film Studies, ad aver dato un imprescindibile impulso a questi studi (è scontato riferirsi all’ormai classico Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema di Laura Mulvey così come agli studi di Mary Ann Doane) alla fine del Novecento e all’inizio del ventunesimo secolo la messa in questione di una “differenza” di genere all’interno delle pratiche, delle tecnologie, delle specificità dello sguardo si è allargata ad ambiti diversi. In questo saggio ci concentreremo su alcuni di questi ambiti come quelli degli studi sociali sulla scienza e degli studi post-coloniali. Ma è sicuramente all’interno del più ampio alveo della (in)disciplina della cultura visuale che si sono sviluppati gli studi sullo sguardo, inteso come una delle componenti di quel complesso interplay che è il regime scopico, insieme alle immagini e ai dispositivi

A variety of quantitative studies I will discuss below confirm that the integrated or transdisciplinary approaches long called-for by practitioners in science and technology studies are increasingly being adopted. From nanotechnology to neuroscience, from artificial intelligence to climate, cancer and “one health” studies, a growing number of research groups are moving beyond speaking only their own specialist dialect. Efforts are being made to understand, if not actually to speak, the languages of neighboring fields, in order to draw from these fields both inspiration and data useful for rounding out their own understanding. There is an increasingly shared awareness that complex problems require multiple tools to be tackled: indeed, this notion has become so often repeated that some argue it is becoming a risky cliché. Exchanges between different fields, some even quite distant, provide confirmation of an insight science studies began to develop long ago: that interactions between different contents and contexts play a crucial role in the process of building innovative (natural) knowledge. From climate change to the spread of viral epidemics, from the increase in average life expectancy to the rise in cognitive abilities, every phenomenon involving humanity is at the intersections of natural, technological, and social spheres. In order to be understood, these phenomena must often be studied using both the natural sciences and the social sciences: the kind of integrated approach typical of studies on gender and science. Keeping in mind these broad themes, and in the context of a book on the material and visual, modern and early modern history of science in relation to touch – whether gendered or not – in this chapter I suggest a long-durée – and scandalously shallow – journey through some well-known cases in which touch played a signi��cant role. It is a journey that starts in today’s laboratories, in order to address the question: are there or are there not sex/gender di�fer- ences in touch? The journey continues with a leap back into an early mod- ern anatomy lab, then back to the Twentieth century. The aim is to highlight the results that I believe the recent dialogue around gender issues that has sprung up between the natural and social sciences has produced in science, technology and medicine. Ironically, while professional women scientists are still struggling with discrimination ratione sexus7 in more or less every country in the world, the concept of gender has successfully made its way into many cutting-edge labs, breaking new ground in otherwise well -established, tradi- tional research areas

Il volume raccoglie interventi di studiose di diverse discipline su personaggi femminili che abbiano o abbiano avuto un ruolo sociale e culturale di rilievo, in prospettiva internazionale e plurilinguistica. Women on Women intende mostrare la necessità e al contempo il superamento della prospettiva di alcune accezioni degli studi di genere, che restituiscono l’idea di “appannaggio femminile”. Lo studio del pensiero delle donne nelle diverse aree prese in considerazione non si pone invece come studio del femminile, ma come dimostrazione della presenza delle donne nel pensiero disciplinare, e quindi dell’opportunità di reintegrarne l’azione nel canone disciplinare. La ricerca che ha sostenuto l’indagine investe donne più e meno conosciute in diversi continenti (Europa occidentale, Europa orientale, Stati Uniti) tra il XVIII e il XXI secolo. Il progetto non si inserisce in una tradizione “femminista”, ma vuole dimostrare la necessità di una scoperta congiunta che favorisca la costruzione di un’identità olistica dell’individuo sociale. Donne non solo per le donne, con le donne, alle donne. Donne e uomini per la formazione e il progresso del sé e della società attraverso la cultura.

Introduzione e presentazione del contributo dedicato da Jeannette Koch al romanzo epistolare Sara Burgerhart (1782)

Il contributo si inserisce nel dibattito dei processi educativi e le rappresentazioni di genere, intrecciando tale filone di studi con gli approcci della media education. Essere maschio o femmina, come identità socialmente e cultural-mente costruite, deve fare i conti con le stratificazioni tra vecchie e nuove narrazioni, nonché silenzi, impregnati spesso di stereotipi che sfociano in pregiudizi e sessismi, per proporre nuove contro-narrazioni, nuove visioni. Una complessità narrativa rappresentata anche da uno storytelling che diventa crossmediale, ovvero il passaggio di uno stesso contenuto viene veicolato da un media ad un altro transmediale, per cui i contenuti di una storia vengono diversificati nei linguaggi e negli elementi dei media, creando una narrazione che può definirsi "convergente". Diventa, dunque, centrale, per un professionista dei processi socio-educativi e culturali, avere strumenti di analisi per costruire percorsi formativi di conoscenza critica e consapevole rispetto alle narrazioni stereotipate dei generi. Costruire l'empowement delle nuove generazioni significa partire da ciò che i bambini, le bambine e i ragazzi e le ragazze sanno, per condurli oltre e permettere loro di costruirsi uno sguardo attento, riflessivo, critico sui diversi media che attraversano quotidianamente le loro vite – dai cartoon, agli albi illustrati; dai giocattoli ai videogiochi; dai libri di narrativa alle serie tv e film – incoraggiandoli a documentare, analizzare e riflettere sui propri usi e su come sono rappresentate le identità in quegli specific media.

Negli ultimi anni si è registrato un rinnovato interesse per l’uso dell’italiano rispettoso delle differenze di genere. Questo interesse si esplicita perlopiù in proposte di tipo prescrittivo, che prevedono una serie di suggerimenti volti a evitare il sessismo nella lingua con interventi a livello lessicale e morfosintattico. I quattro studi presentati in questo volume si pongono invece l’obiettivo di descrivere da prospettive diverse la questione di lingua e genere in Italia, provando a rispondere a quattro domande. Innanzitutto, che grado di sessismo si registra nei contenuti, nella lingua e nelle immagini dei libri di testo delle scuole primarie, su cui gli alunni formano le loro prime competenze? In seconda battuta, che conseguenze ha l’esclusione del femminile dalla lingua sulla percezione della realtà da parte dei e delle parlanti? E poi, che cosa pensa veramente la comunità italofona dell’accettabilità di espressioni innovative – ma spesso ritenute brutte – come “assessora”, “ministra” o “sindaca”? Infine: esistono delle differenze in come uomini e donne comunicano su Facebook in italiano?

Review by: Madri d'Oriente fra tradizione e dissenso, a cura di Marianna Ferrara e Leila Karami, Jouvence

This cross-sectional research investigates the individual (i.e., sexual prejudice, contact with lesbian and gay [LG] people, and perceived seriousness of homophobic epithets) and contextual (i.e., homophobic bullying observed by school staff and perceived colleague reactions to homophobic bullying) factors as predictors of school staff intervention against vs. legitimization of homophobic bullying. Data were collected in secondary schools in the North of Italy via a paper-and-pencil survey. Participants were school staff members (N = 273) from 24 Italian secondary schools. The results have indicated that the higher the sexual prejudice and the lower the contact with LG individuals, the higher the legitimization of homophobic bullying. Also, perceiving colleagues as legitimizing or intervening in cases of homophobic bullying predicted similar reactions on the part of school staff participants. The findings are discussed with respect to the current literature regarding homophobic bullying, and applied interventions for school staff training programs to tackle homophobic bullying at school are put forward. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Gender studies have showed that women take fewer risks than men do. Previous research has also provided evidence for a link between negative affect (anxiety and depressive mood) and risk-taking. Little is known about the relationships among these factors. We examined the role of state anxiety in the relationship between gender and risk-taking. Fully 149 undergraduate students filled out the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI) before playing the hot version of the Columbia Card Task (hot CCT), which is designed to measure emotionally based risk-taking behavior. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that gender and state anxiety were associated with risk-taking even when controlling for age, depressive mood, and trait anxiety. Moreover, results pointed out that gender is related to risk-taking through state anxiety. These results offer insights into gender research, as well as affective and decision science. Implications for future studies and applied interventions are discussed.

La declinazione dei concetti di alterità, differenza e differenze trova in Audre Lorde uno spazio privilegiato. Grazie alla sua eredità, la comunicazione all’interno dei movimenti femministi gode della possibilità di riflettere sulle differenze da prospettive acute, critiche e profonde e, partendo da queste prospettive, della possibilità di organizzare battaglie efficaci. Il saggio propone una rilettura della alterità nelle parole di Audre Lorde mettendone in evidenza quella indipendenza poetica che ne moltiplica le possibilità di ricezione. The declension of the concepts of otherness, difference, and differences receives in Audre Lorde a privileged focus of interest. Thank to Lorde’s inheritance, within each feminist movement the processes of communication gained the possibility of thinking about differences from a keen, critical and meaningful perspective. This possibility allowed these movements to increase the efficacy of their struggles. This essay proposes a re-reading of otherness in Audre Lorde’s words and tries to highlight the poetic independence which multiplies their possibility of receptions., Post-filosofie, N. 11 (2018): Anno 11. Numero11. Teorie femministe e saperi di genere. Nel segno di Audre Lorde

The introduction offers an overview of children's literature from a gender perspective; an introduction to the MeTRa Center; and a presentation of the essays.

This chapter explores the complex implications of the concept of island and culture in the anthropological, semiotic, and literary spheres. It starts from a theoretical introduction which is necessary to justify the methodology chosen for the analysis of certain recurring themes in the epistolary, diaries and memoir literature written by women in the colonial era. In the second part of the essay the author analyses women's writings dealing with their arrival, their lives, and the cultural decoding of the new Australian reality after their arrival from England to the penal colony. Their relationships with Australia were not exclusively based on a simple ‘physical’ conquest, but were formed through an attempt to gradually incorporate the unfamiliar, to steadily draw closer that which was different, thus, rendering it familiar and therefore innocuous, even at the cost of changing their own identities. This relationship presents itself, therefore, as a kind of bilateral exchange: the woman took something from Australia and, vice versa, she gave something of herself to this new land. Their testimonies, therefore, shed a different light on a history that is often understood and interpreted in entirely male terms. of the island of Australia during the late nineteenth century.

This chapter explores the generic elements of novels written by women writers during the last three decades of the eighteenth century in England and their alterations in forms and content: from sentential novel to gothic romance, moral tales, tales of real life, sentimental novel, and novel of manners. Such narratives have been acknowledged as fundamental in shaping a genealogy of women novelists, whose narrative technique proved to be very influential in the history of English fiction in the early period of Romanticism. Among the many names who peopled the vast panorama of English novel of the period, this chapter discusses in particular the works and narrative technique of Frances Burney, Charlotte Smith, Mary Wollstonecraft, Elizabeth Inchbald, Ann Radcliffe, Maria Edgeworth and Jane Austen. While their production resist easy categorization, these writers deploy conventions and innovations offering a new representation of British social milieu according to their contemporary ideology. In fact, their literary strategies can be used to contextualize their literary outputs within the developmental trajectory of the narrative genre that seems to emerge thanks to literary borrowing, generic crossover, and contamination. In doing so, I would situate women novelists of the period as central innovators of Romantic fiction.

The contribution discusses online feminist activism as an emerging counter narrative aimed at raising awareness among young generations on Internet gender-based violence. The pervasiveness of contents expressing gendered hatred on the Internet has lately produced an increasing concern on the use of the Web to silence women and girls worldwide. At the same time, online groups along with national and international institutions have recently launched several projects to tackle this problem. While some scholarly research has rightfully indicated the Web as a new channel through which ancient oppressions like sexism and misogyny can be reaffirmed, few contributions have attempted to analyse it as an effective tool to challenge such discriminations. This contribution analyses the online campaign Zero Trollerance, developed by the German Collective Peng to tackle gendered cyberhate, and it shows how such content can be used as a powerful toolkit for a feminist education to raise awareness on systemic societal issues like misogyny, homophobia, and transphobia, and to educate young generations towards a respectful and inclusive use of the Internet.

This essay aims at rediscovering Mary Darby Robinson in her political and social engagement. Through the analysis of three selected compositions, it will be shown how the famous artist used her writing skills to tackle political matters and to criticise women’s social conditions, imposing her subjectivity in the public sphere and reclaiming her authority, regardless of the personal attacks she received. The first part of the essay will focus on revolution and war, starting with a close reading of her poems "Ainsi va le monde" and "The Deserted Cottage", where she deals with the two main political issues of the time from an innovative female perspective. In the second part, the composition "A Letter to the Women of England on the Injustice of Mental Subordination", in which the author questions the biased social and behavioural norms women were subjected to in society, will be examined. Finally, the essay will highlight how Mary Robinson made her femininity a tool to scrutinize the events in a different way and to give them new interpretations, thus proving to be a foremother of feminism worthy of being remembered and celebrated.

This essay retraces the intense debate within feminist criticism on the contested concepts of subject and self—and how these are related to the themes of writing and identity—in order to demonstrate that the notion of gender is still important. The names that form my genealogy are those of some 1980s and 1990s feminist critics: Adrienne Rich, Nancy K. Miller, Peggy Kamuf, Chandra T. Mohanty, Gloria Anzaldúa, Monique Wittig, Donna Haraway, Trinh T. Minh-ha, Elaine K. Chang, Rosi Braidotti, Teresa de Lauretis, and Susan Stanford Friedman. They are some of the critics that have warned us against the danger and limitations of resorting to the notion of a pre-given, essential female self, while stating that the concepts of a self and of a collective identity, although problematized, are still necessary. Feminist critics have maintained gender as the common denominator of a self enriched and differentiated by the intersection of categories such as race, class, age, religion, culture, and sexual orientation.

The essay is an introduction to dystopian science fiction by women (from the 1970s) and then offers an analysis of two books that serve as examples of themes explored in the genre. The two books are Margaret Atwood's "The Handmaid's Tale" and Naomi Alderman's "The Power"

Dystopias are not supposed to provide solutions to the problems of the societies they describe. The condition of women and men is, for the most part, dramatically “equal”: they are both crushed by an authoritarian system that deprives them of the most elementary rights and robs lives of all human dignity. The main function of dystopias, in fact, is not so much to present possible solutions, but to warn readers of the dangers that society is facing and, thus, to stimulate a critical reflection. However, feminist critics have shown how gender affects the different dystopian visions of women and men (cf. Barr 2000, Mohr 2005, Patai 1984, among others). The different awareness of gender issues and relations represents then the main difference between female and male novels – an aspect that also involves other themes, such as violence or the purely reproductive function of women, which, in women’s literature, are seen as indissolubly linked to the cult of virility and the idea of masculinity that are at the root of the totalitarian regimes of the thirties and forties. In general, the works written in those years by European women are gender specific precisely as they recognize the link between misogyny, totalitarianism, and violence. They tie the main problems of the times to the rituals and ideology of the extreme right in Europe that, in the construction of a world of virulent misogyny and racism, sought an answer to the emasculation brought about by the loss of World War I. The populist fascist ideology provided the answer to the “unnatural” society that was considered to be largely dominated by women. A look at the works of women who published in the years immediately before or after the 1940s reveals their awareness of the link between totalitarianism and misogyny. Among them, are British author Katharine Burdekin, the Swedish poet Karin Boye, as well as Bryher (Winifred Ellerman), who was also a British writer. My analysis will be chronological: I will therefore proceed according to the publication date of the different novels, starting with Burdekin, who wrote several dystopias, the most famous of which is undoubtedly Swastika Night (1937), but also Proud Man (1934) and The End of This Day’s Business (written in 1935, but published only in 1989). I will continue with a reading of Kallocain, a grim 1940 dystopia by Boye, and end with a recently re-released novel, Visa for Avalon, first published by Bryher in 1965, in an attempt to give an overview of the misogyny of the period and to trace the common and specific elements that characterize these narratives.

This paper is one of the outcomes of the International Cooperation project “Mothers and Children First: newborn, children and women’s health care among the pastoralist communities of the South Omo Zone, Ehtiopia” funded by AICS and carried out by the Italian NGO Doctors with Africa CUAMM in 2016-2017. Despite the project’s main objective was the implementation of the primary health care services delivered to women and children in the Hospitals and HCs of the Zone, it included a preliminary socio-anthropological investigation in the Hamar and Dhaasanach (Dasenech2) woredas, where the women’s response to the services offered seemed to be much lower than in the other areas of the Zone. The research was carried out during two periods and with two different approaches: 1) the first one, in August 2016, visiting 5 households and 5 villages respectively in the Hamar and Dasenech woredas, doing observation and carrying out lexical mappings and semi-structured interviews with young wives, widows, husbands and elders focussing on maternal and newborn care and health; 2) the second one, in December 2017, carrying out an extensive survey based on the outcomes of the previous year. The data emerged from the comparison of the two parts of the research revealed that, despite women are aware of their unfair conditions with respect to their husbands, their need of support based on social/family ties seems to be still so strong that it generally prevents them from taking public positions and stand up for their rights.

The purpose of this study is to determine statistical predictors of homophobic attitudes among the residents of Tbilisi, Georgia. We analyze 2013 survey data from a representative sample of the Tbilisi adult population. Residents were asked about their attitudes, beliefs, and political and social values in the context of the May 17, 2013 attack on LGBT activists on the International Day Against Homophobia and Transphobia (IDAHOT). Findings show that homophobia is significantly predicted by male gender, lower levels of education, acceptance of social inequality, nonliberal attitudes, and perceiving homosexuals as a “threat to national security.” However, psychological perceptions and personal experiences also indirectly influence homophobic attitudes: the findings suggest that males report homophobic attitudes more often than females do and tend to be even more homophobic when they believe that homosexuality is inborn rather than acquired. The study also found that people without liberal attitudes tend to be more homophobic when they have personal contacts with homosexuals. This article highlights the need for a more comprehensive approach to education and the promotion of liberal values as well as legal equality for LGBTQ individuals to decrease the level of homophobia in Georgian society and, specifically, in Tbilisi.

The question that lies at the basis of this chapter is whether the events that took place on 11 September and beyond have affected - and if so, how - dystopian science fiction (sf). In order to begin to answer this question I am going to analyse, in particular, two films in which the atmosphere of 9/11 is pervasive: Steven Spielberg's 2005 adaptation of H. G. Wells's War of the Worlds (1897) and John Hillcoat's 2009 adaptation of Cormac McCarthy's The Road (2006). I chose these films because they have both been linked to the post-9/11 cultural climate and because I find them representative of "quality" sf cinema. Both films portray a post-apocalyptic world, and center around characters involved in quests for self-survival and for rescuing loved ones. According to Clute and Nicholls, the aftermath of the holocaust may be the most popular theme in sf. However, my point is not to prove that there has been an increase in the number of post-apocalyptic films since 2001, nor that the genre has been radically transformed. Rather, it seems that the post-apocalyptic (sub-)genre is one of the ways through which the 9/11 atmosphere can be successfully conveyed - a climate characterised, as cultural critic Susan Faludi has said, by a return to a 50s-era culture of traditional binaries of masculine strength and feminine weakness. The early response to the anxiety produced by 9/11 was one of a conservative retreat to the mid-1950s culture where Father Knew Best, with a marketed resurgence in a gendered rhetoric of protective paternalism. This holds true even in the genre of sf, a genre characterised by a great radical, utopian potential.

L’intrinseca connotazione di genere del repertorio linguistico utilizzato dagli educatori (genitori, caregivers, professionisti della cura, insegnanti e altri adulti) che popolano il mondo infantile rivela alcune precise modalità nell’interpretare i ruoli e le relazioni tra i sessi. Mostrando come siano gli adulti stessi a riprodurre nei bambini le proprie rappresentazioni e aspettative (esplicite o implicite), attraverso stili relazionali e pratiche di cura differenti, a seconda che siano rivolte ai bambini, oppure alle bambine. Si spiega così la sostanziale adesione degli adulti, anche quando sono educatori/trici, professionisti della cura, a rappresentazioni di genere stereotipate ed essenzialiste che tendono a naturalizzare le differenze fra maschi e femmine: ricalcando i modelli educativi tradizionali, anziché decostruirli, innovarli e superarli (Gallerani, 2013). In tal senso, disfare il genere (Butler, 2004) e de-costruire in famiglia, nei luoghi dell’educazione e nella società un lessico e un immaginario ambiguo e stereotipato (intriso di modelli di genere e rappresentazioni che reiterano l’asimmetria fra i sessi) rappresenta una straordinaria sfida pedagogica. E delinea, nondimeno, uno spazio democratico di crescita reciproca tra le generazioni nella prospettiva di un 'abitare etico' caratterizzato dalla 'prossemicità' (Gallerani, 2015). -La bella Recensione di Franco Cambi al volume (di seguito allegata), cita e sottolinea -con un esplicito riferimento- l'originalità del concetto di ''abitare etico' elaborato da M.Gallerani (in altre monografie e in questo specifico contributo in collettanea). -L'ipotesi dell'intero volume, come sottolinea Massimo Baldacci, è che indagando i confini e i rapporti tra la pedagogia e gli altri saperi sia possibile lavorare indirettamente sulla natura e l'identità della pedagogia stessa. A questo scopo, la struttura del volume vede un'articolazione in tre parti, ciascuna delle quali è intitolata al rapporto-confine con una data area di saperi e/o pratiche. La prima parte è dedica tata al rapporto tra pedagogia e filosofia. Si tratta del confine lungo il quale si è storicamente giocata la costituzione stessa della pedagogia come sapere autonomo. Infatti, la pedagogia è nata come regione filosofica, e ha conquistato faticosamente l'indipendenza da questa madre-patria nel corso della propria storia. La seconda parte è intitolata al rapporto tra pedagogia e scienze umane. Un confine, questo, che ha acquisito pregnanza nella seconda metà del Novecento, quando il modello puramente filosofico della pedagogia è entrato in crisi, e si è posta con forza l'esigenza di uno studio scientifico dell'educazione. La terza parte, infine, è dedicata al rapporto tra pedagogia e politica. Su questo confine si gioca non tanto la questione dell'indipendenza teorica della pedagogia, quanto quella della sua autonomia pratica. Infatti, spesso, la politica non si limita ad assicurare le condizioni necessarie all'educazione, ma pretende di indicarne le direzioni e i traguardi.

Il binomio "contegno/contenimento" si ascrive alla vasta serie di esempi di voci derivate, retroformazioni, varianti e allotropi che, presenti in gran numero in italiano, rappresentano spesso un interessante nodo e snodo concettuale del doppio. Nello specifico, i due termini, pur derivando dalla stessa radice, si collocano su due piani semantici complementari: CONTENIMENTO è collegato al comportamento fisico e gestuale, lì dove CONTEGNO rinvia a quello emotivo . Dalla disamina in diacronia dei manuali postunitari di buone maniere, emerge che le principali destinatarie di precise limitazioni nel portamento e nel comportamento, furono le donne di tutte le età. Nel testo si analizzano le differenti modalità deontiche e le diverse costruzioni discorsive mirate a profilare prescrizioni e raccomandazioni immobilizzanti tanto sul piano referenziale, quanto su quello metaforico e simbolico.

This article focuses on the slow rediscovery of Germaine de Staël’s political thought in the studies of the last forty years: after a century and half of oblivion, since the late 1970s and 1980s some French authors start to point out political importance of her works and to analyze especially her Des circonstances actuelles and her Considérations sur la Révolution française, emphasizing the liberal elements of her theory. In USA since the same years scholars study Staël’s figure from a different perspective, namely that of gender and cultural studies, which mostly leave aside her political thought. Only in recent years Staël’s political thought finally starts to be valued in monographs and wide-ranging works.

This study examines the situation of women ( N = 124) who had presented themselves to an anti-violence center in Italy in the previous 3-5 years. At follow-up, 37.3% had no contact with the perpetrator, 22.7% had stayed with him, and 39.8% had “forced” contact. Almost half of the sample was still subjected to intimate partner violence (IPV). Compared to women with “no contact,” the risk of IPV was 5.9 times higher for women who stayed with the perpetrator, and 10.5 times higher for women with “forced” contact. These results confirm that ending IPV does not depend exclusively on women’s choices.

In three studies, heterosexual participants were presented with descriptions of heterosexual and gay-male parents. Importantly, the level of gender-role conformity of the gay-male parents was experimentally manipulated, resulting in their level of gender-role conformity ranging from high to low. Compared to the son of a heterosexual couple, the son of all gay-male couples had a lower expected likelihood of developing as heterosexual. This result was independent of the level of gender-role conformity of the gay-male couples (study 1–3). The beliefs about the gender-role development of the son, in terms of anticipated masculinity (study 1), gender stereotyping (study 2), and affective adjustment (study 3), mapped onto the level of gender-role conformity of the parents, regardless of their sexual orientation. Also, heterosexual parents were consistently judged more positively than gay-male parents, independently of their level of gender-role conformity (study 1–3). Results were discussed within the theoretical framework of stereotypes about gay-male parenting. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Selecting visual stimuli for inducing specific emotional states is very challenging, since the choice relies on specific conceptualization of emotions. In this work, we present a set of 55 stimuli, realized integrating discrete and dimensional theories of emotions, and specifically selected to investigate anger, fear, and disgust reactions in non-clinical and clinical contexts. Our set of stimuli presents several aspects of novelty since (1) a large and heterogeneous sample of subjects from the general population was involved in the labelling task, and (2) bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques were applied to integrate emotion models. The proposed set of stimuli could be useful for researchers and other professionals in the affective sciences to address negative emotion recognition issues within a broader perspective both in general population and in psychiatric samples. The obtained comprehensive characterization of the stimuli allowed us to confirm the sexual dimorphism in emotional processing.

The close relationship between gender stereotypes, representations of masculine and feminine roles and the images of women and men produced by art, mass media and the collective consciousness is as self-evident as it is—all too frequently—underestimated and misunderstood. This evidence is closely related to the persistence of damaging stereotypes of gender roles still common accepted in the Italian culture (as well as in other UE Member States), nevertheless gender stereotypes reduce the life opportunities for women and girls, for men and boys. In fact, inequality between women and men, and the prevailing gender roles are deeply rooted in obsolete social structures and anachronistic mental attitudes. Thus, equal opportunities education beginning in early childhood plays a crucial role, both in creating a new language to underpin the relationship between the genders and in enhancing children’s critical understanding of the plurality and complexity of the life contexts, narratives, representations of gender and social roles and, also, symbolic universes surrounding them.

In this paper we present a bibliographical list of works published between 2002 and 2015 which have focused on women and gender in ancient Near Eastern studies. In addition to the list, we also provide an introduction in which we consider the relationship between women’s studies and gender studies and present a selection of the trends and theoretical positions which have emerged since the late 1980s either inside the framework of gender studies, or in closely related fields such as queer studies, postcolonial studies and feminist epistemologies – the predominant trends in the time span covered by this overview. We hope that this work will provide ancient Near Eastern scholars with a useful research tool.

Despite the fact that “the representation of gendered bodies and behaviours” within children’s literature is an issue that is “highly significant” and “frequently addressed, […] the application of gender studies to children’s texts […] is still very much a work in progress” (Flanagan 2010). In this article, my main aims are, firstly, to argue the importance of children’s literature as literature, and secondly, to show why gender does matter within children’s literature and its criticism, even within those books not tackling the issue at first glance. The article is divided into three sections : Dilemmas in Children’s Literature : Performativity Matters, in which I introduce the perspective on children’s literature I endorse, the framework I propose to understand children’s literature and show that what it does is performative ; Gender Dilemmas, in which I claim that gender is a fundamental category to understand children’s literature and what it does ; Subversions, Agency Attributions, Desires : Non-normative Representations, in which I individuate three different narrative strategies children’s books may employ in order to question gender norms. Children’s literature representations of non-normative behaviours, desires, and agencies make non-normative existences conceivable, and, as such, real. Bien que la représentation des corps et des comportements de genre soit une question extrêmement significative dans la littérature de jeunesse, l’application des “études de genre” à cette littérature est encore très peu explorée (Flanagan 2010). Cet article se propose de remarquer l’importance de la littérature de jeunesse en tant que littérature et, en même temps, d’élucider les raisons pour lesquelles le genre représente une des questions constitutives des livres pour enfants (même dans ceux qui ne traitent pas ouvertement le sujet) et de la critique qui s’en occupe. Le présent article est structuré en trois sections. Dans la première section, Dilemmas in Children’s Literature : Performativity Matters, nous proposons un cadre théorique performatif pour la compréhension de la littérature de jeunesse et pour la compréhension de son pouvoir performatif. Dans la seconde section, Gender Dilemmas, nous énonçons le concept de genre comme catégorie d’analyse fondamentale pour la littérature de jeunesse. Enfin, dans la troisième section, Subversions, Agency Attributions, Desires : Non-normative Representations, nous identifions trois différentes stratégies narratives que les livres pour enfants mettent en jeu afin de défier les normes de genre. En représentant dans le texte des comportements, des désirs et des agencies non normatifs, la littérature de jeunesse rend les existences non normatives imaginables, et, de ce fait, réelles.

The line of research that a few decades ago set out to identify the hallmarks of theatrical communication has contributed much to our understanding of the ways in which theatre and drama operate in comparison with other world-creating forms of art. To the extent that the dramatic action relies, to be carried on, upon the pragmatic and the deictic potential with which the actors’ words and gestures are endowed, a preliminary analysis of Twelfth Night will be directed at detecting cases of “pointing via language” (deictic elements), and examples of performative utterances (direct speech acts), as well as instances of metatheatrical lines which, by revealing the fictitious character of the stage spectacle, will certainly prove instrumental in fostering a reading of the play from the perspective of gender studies. If it is true that the acting conventions of Shakespeare’s time became the substance of his drama, then there is enough evidence to assert that the boy actor’s double disguise was one of the artifices on which he capitalised the most, profiting from the temporary confusion caused by the transvestism of the theatre to unsettle gender assumptions. More specifically, the crossing of gender and sexual boundaries occasioned by Viola’s disguise gives rise to erotic situations that involve same-sex individuals, allowing queer desires to be brought to light and explored. Furthermore, the heroine’s dress-swapping exposes gender as a dramatic role that having no connection whatsoever with one’s sex, can be played by any-body. It is clear, therefore, that the notion of gender as a form of role-playing finds in the theatre an ideal place where to spot its workings and insubstantiality, and no better place, in fact, than the English Renaissance transvestite stage.

Review of Eleonora Federici, Quando la fantascienza è donna: Dalle utopie femminili del secolo XIX all'età contemporanea. Rome, Italy: Carocci editore, 2015.

This paper investigates about the circulation of gender models and discourses of queer identities in talent show formats in Italy, with a specific focus on The Voice (of Italy). This format was chosen as a “second generation” talent show, where the structure of the narrative is based on key elements – i.e. the blind audition and the general “positive” mood - which seem innovative compared to previous examples. The main hypothesis to be proved is that the format is built to create a space for a queer resistance, while the mainstream discourse on gender roles in talent shows seems to consolidate and reiterate heteronormativity.

Women’s thoughts, roles and practices: time, work, generativity In an attempt to represent and give back a possible represen-tation (among many possible ones) of feminine adultness, as it is comes into being in the Italian sociocultural context, this contri-bution intends to analyze three specific categories, such as time, work, generativity. The intention is to investigate and to read, from a pedagogical point of view, the different roles and caring practices enacted everyday by women, both in the public and private sphere, or situations. These three categories – including generativity considered in its different meanings and semantic implications – have been se-lected, because they are representative of the complexity of living, and of being adult in the contemporaneity (and this implies hav-ing different social roles). Of living and being among social, fa-miliar, working roles and freely chosen tasks, not unlinked from other roles and tasks, connected to “exogenous” requests, to so-cial representations and/or to socioeconomic demand (externally imposed, imposed from the outside). This analysis shows how gender education and lifelong learn-ing are essential to focus and to facilitate a better role and task adherence (in adult people) both in relation to the meaning that they really have in everyone’s life (and therefore to personal self–realization) and to individual and social empowerment.

The idea and practice of "social philosophy" began to be used in the Italian academic milieu only in recent years with a delay of several decades if compared to other Western countries. The notion of social philosophy started to be considered in Italy as a concept itself and as an independent field of inquiry only in the late 90's. The first book of collected articles on this theme was published in 2001 with the title Thinking society. The idea of a social philosophy. Over years social philosophy has been fully recognized in Italy as an epistemologically relevant frame, thanks to specialised studies, courses and conferences. Fifteen years after the first study, the present contribution is aimed at developing further reflections upon the existing relationship between social philosophy, politics, social criticism and public discourse in the light of problems of mutual concern, which seem to require new interpretation apparatuses beside national borders. To this end, the contribution will be divided into three sections: 1. National genealogies of social philosophy. 2. The link between social philosophy and critical theory. 3. Social philosophy and global public discourse. In the conclusions, the inter-disciplinary and trans-cultural validity of social philosophy will be stressed as well as its capacity to overcome a monolithic idea of philosophy, as a strictly academic discipline will be enlightened. Social philosophy is not only focussed on the understanding of pathologies but to the conceptualisation of potentials for change. It has both critical and pragmatic features, aimed at transforming distorted relationships in the both public domain and private sphere.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the role of coping self-efficacy as a factor moderating the relationship between HIV-related discrimination and self-reported health status among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: A sample of 456 Italian HIV-positive MSM responded to a questionnaire containing measures of HIV-related discrimination, coping self-efficacy, and self-reported health status. Results: Emotion-focused coping self-efficacy and social-based coping self-efficacy buffered the relationship between HIV-related discrimination and health status. Problem-focused coping self-efficacy did not moderate this relationship. Conclusions: Self-efficacy moderates the relationship between HIV-related discrimination and self-reported health status among MSM.

Purpose The purpose of the chapter is to explore the relation between women’s healthy eating intention and food attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and barriers with a focus on the effect of women’s income differences. Methodology/approach The research applies the Theory of Planned Behavior, including attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, perceived barriers, and ability opportunity resources. Close-ended survey responses of 704 women between ages 25 and 65 years, affluent and at-risk-of-poverty women in three EU-member countries were analyzed. Findings Women are mostly positively inclined towards healthy eating, and income does not differentiate women’s inclination. Influencing factors are perceived behavioral control, attitudes towards healthy eating, subjective norms, and level of knowledge regarding healthy food. Barriers, when present, are similar for lower or higher income women and relate to routinized family habits and food affordability and availability. Research limitations/implications Future research should thoroughly investigate family network and structure features, with a focus on family food preferences and habits. Social and practical implications Encouraging women’s healthy behavior also impacts children and men, and vice-versa. There is need to target all family components with enjoyable, self-rewarding, emotionally gratifying, and pleasant tasting food. Originality/value Income is an overestimated driver in healthy food choices. Women are strongly influenced by personal and environmental factors, mainly personal control, feelings, and family habits.

This Poster presents a qualitative research (empirical research) relevant to the conceptual change referred to the way of thinking genders education in pre-school services educators (at pre-school services and kindergarten for children from 0 to 6 years) obtained as a result of participation to a training Course. The educators, after having finished the training Course (through a proper training; focus group; role-playing; cooperative learning) changed their point of view and their representation about gender: their language became more and more precise (in a scientific way). The educators developed an effective cognitive accommodation and then were able to prepare carefully new and more effective conceptual models on genders to build and share with the children in the preschool age. In spite of the cultural turning point introduced by nowadays known british gender studies (which opened the debate on the gender category and demonstrated the social and cultural meaning of feminine and masculine genders, intended as true conceptual sense or reference conceptual models), in Italy still missing a serious reflection on the basis of gender identity and gender differences (thinking about power and opportunity differences) that can be discussed in Italian School, both politically and educationally: thinking, for instance, about the pre-primary or primary school (not only to the specific university courses taking place in university classrooms).

Il contributo analizza la figura della regista Elvira Notari nel panorama produttivo italiano, mettendola in relazione con quella del marito. In particolare l'indagine si concentra sull'originalità imprenditoriale dell'autrice e sulla sua capacità di rivoluzionare la visione del ruolo femminile nella produzione cinematografica.

Starting from Virginia Woolf’s claim for the recognition of women’s writings in the history of culture, the essay engages the main debates in women’s/gender and postcolonial studies in order to foreground what they share: the recognition of women’s aesthetics and the re-writing and continuous destabilization of the literary canon by introducing the so-called ‘other’ cultures. Of crucial significance is the argument that gender studies is above all a methodology, or better a crux of interactive methodologies that dialogue with a variety of disciplines and literary traditions. The essay discusses the main theoretical debates in relation to the key themes in women’s studies: the politics of the body, the relationship between identity and difference/otherness, the global and the local, hierarchies of power and forms of resistance. In this light, the intersection between methodologies of feminisms and postcolonial theorizations demonstrates how gender studies is a complex arena for critical thought and a continuous challenge to mainstream cultures.

In the last decades of the twentieth century, a major change has occurred in the public understanding of prostitution, with the focus shifting from the sex worker to the client. On the social scientific side, studies on clients have growingly shed light on motivations and behaviors of men who buy sex. On the juridical-political side, in many countries across the globe a trend has emerged towards the criminalization of clients, represented as responsible for the perpetuation and proliferation of the sex market and for its oppressive and victimizing effects on sex workers. The aim of this paper is to retrace this turn and to discuss its political and cultural meaning, showing how the discourse on male responsibility in prostitution involves the risk of unilateral stances and partial views on the sex market. What I argue is that new gender-sensitive thinking on prostitution is needed, context-rooted and free from prejudicial understandings. © The Author(s) 2012.