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The scholarly literature highlights the relevance of the social dimension of the circular economy (CE); yet the empirical analysis of this issue has been overlooked. This work sheds light empirically on this gap with a fuzzy Delphi study carried out in a region with strong institutional support for this paradigm. Through the consensus of 25 experts, a set of social impact categories of the CE was scrutinized. The results contribute to widening the current quantitative vision on the employment generated by CE, through the exploration of its qualitative aspects. According to our findings, technological innovation in high‐skilled employment appears to be crucial. Likewise, the results anticipate impacts derived from collaboration among stakeholders in a circular context still at an incipient stage. The expert panel also highlights the relevance of socio‐cultural and behavioral changes. Implications for public policy makers and other stakeholders are also analyzed, namely the development of a monitoring framework of the social dimension of the CE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of suppliers in the supply chain is a crucial concern of organizations in the modern competitive business world. Since the performance of suppliers has a great impact on the success or failure of the supply chain, the resilient selection of suppliers is considered a key and strategic task. Also, classification of suppliers creates long-term competitive advantage throughout the supply chain. In this paper, important indicators were identified to achieve a resiliency for suppliers' selection. In this case, 27 indicators were identified from the literature. Then, the most important indicators were selected by using fuzzy Delphi method. In this phase, the opinions of automotive and spare parts experts in both academic and industry were collected. then, by using the BWM method, the weight of the extracted indicators was determined. Finally, the suppliers in an Iranian automobile company were ranked by using the MABAC method. The final results show that the factors of observability ($ W = 0.13 $), redundancy ($ W = 0.15 $), and (agility $ W = 0.21 $) are the most critical criteria for resilient suppliers' selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a fuzzy Delphi-ISM approach to determine the enablers and establish a hierarchical relationship of the enablers of the three strategies suggested by National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog and Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) report i.e., cleaner technologies, modal shift, and operational efficiency. The enablers are categorized based on the PETTOHI framework. Twenty enablers each for cleaner technologies and modal shift, and fourteen enablers for operational efficiency, respectively, were shortlisted after the fuzzy defuzzification process using the fuzzy Delphi method. Three hierarchical models were then developed using Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) to identify the interrelationships among the enablers of each strategy. A Cross Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC) analysed the enablers based on their driving and dependence powers. ISM model for enablers of cleaner technologies reveals that the policy and organisation related enablers like implementation of BS VI norms, public private sector collaborations are the major enablers. Study on the enablers of modal shift identifies the importance of policy and infrastructure related items. The development of Multi-modal logistic parks, imposition of eco taxes are the driving enablers in this ISM model. Implementation of PM Gati Shakti, development of highways, waterways, freight corridors are the key enablers for improving operational efficiency. Enablers pertaining to policy, organisation, and infrastructure such as imposing eco taxes and infrastructure development are critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study develops a research model to explain the acceptance of social banking. In order to find the antecedents of social banking intention, a meta-combination has been used. The results of a systematic review of the last decade of social commerce acceptance studies and the use of fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy DEMATEL methods led to the development of the model. The obtained model was investigated by the partial least squares method in the statistical community of banking customers. Then, by analyzing intermediate variables, the final results were obtained. Based on the obtained model, three types of effects were investigated: direct effects with the presence of the mediating factor or factors, direct effects by removing the mediating factor or factors, and indirect effect by considering the mediating factor or factors. The results show that except for privacy considerations, other factors including trust, attitude, social support, social commerce constructs, word of mouth, social influence, customer social responsibility and perceived usefulness have a direct and indirect effect on social banking intention. The privacy consideration factor has only indirect effect on social banking intention through the full mediation of the trust factor. Except for the effect of factors on the intention of social banking, based on the model obtained from meta-combination, the effect of factors on each other was also investigated and some were confirmed. This research introduces a socio-technical innovation by combining the application of social banking with a social commerce platform and presents a comprehensive model of the willingness to accept this innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal marketing has been developed in various forms in all types of organizations. Mainly, internal marketing has been studied as a motivational strategy in service companies. Goods manufacturing industries have not benefited much from the use of internal marketing in strengthening employees’ extra-role behaviors. Customer orientation is one of the extra-role behaviors of employees, which in turn is the source of value for internal and external customers. When we follow the internal process segmentation approach, the organization is divided into a set of internal suppliers and internal customers. In this case, it becomes important to study the customer-oriented behavior of employees in the exchanges within the organization. To ensure the implementation of internal marketing in manufacturing organizations, in a way that best meets the needs of these organizations, it was necessary to conduct a study specific to manufacturing industries; a study that included the identification of internal marketing components with a customeroriented approach. The purpose of the current research was to identify and introduce the dimensions of internal marketing with a customer-oriented approach of employees in manufacturing industries. This is sequential mixed research in the inductive paradigm that was conducted in qualitative-quantitative phases. Its purpose is practical and its nature is exploratory. The data collection of the qualitative phase was carried out during semi-structured interviews that continued until theoretical saturation, and finally 15 experts and managers of manufacturing industries and university professors in the field of management participated in it. Qualitative phase analysis was done with them analysis approach using MAXQDA software. In the quantitative part, the fuzzy Delphi questionnaire was used to reach the consensus of the expert group on the dimensions identified in the qualitative phase. The results indicate the extraction of internal marketing dimensions with a customer-oriented approach in comprehensive themes (individual factors of employees and managers, organizational factors, motivational factors) and in 9 organizational themes, 1- Demographic characteristics 2- Organizational citizenship behavior of employees and managers 3- Managers’ support 4- Internal communication 5- participatory management 6- Promotion of customer-oriented culture 7- Employee job security 8- Job satisfaction 9- Appreciation and 44 basic themes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of suppliers in the supply chain is a crucial concern of organizations in the modern competitive business world. Since the performance of suppliers has a great impact on the success or failure of the supply chain, the resilient selection of suppliers is considered a key and strategic task. Also, classification of suppliers creates long-term competitive advantage throughout the supply chain. In this paper, important indicators were identified to achieve a resiliency for suppliers' selection. In this case, 27 indicators were identified from the literature. Then, the most important indicators were selected by using fuzzy Delphi method. In this phase, the opinions of automotive and spare parts experts in both academic and industry were collected. then, by using the BWM method, the weight of the extracted indicators was determined. Finally, the suppliers in an Iranian automobile company were ranked by using the MABAC method. The final results show that the factors of observability ($ W = 0.13 $), redundancy ($ W = 0.15 $), and (agility $ W = 0.21 $) are the most critical criteria for resilient suppliers' selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study aimed to identify the dimensions and components of information therapy from the point of view of physicians and officials using fuzzy Delphi technique. Materials and Methods: This applied research was conducted by a descriptive method (qualitative content analysis document study and fuzzy Delphi method) from 2019 to 2020. The thirty two valid document studies were used to examine the sources and extract the required components of the therapeutic information variable. The content analysis method was used to classify effective components. Participants in this study were 10 experts. Qualitative content analysis of the data obtained through software 2018 MAXQDA. Results: Two hundred and seventeen primary codes were extracted, reduced to 112 codes after continuous review, and finally these codes were divided in two main themes (categories), including: A- Information; health literacy (1- Information acquisition, 2- Information identification, 3- Information sharing, 4- Awareness-raising, 5- Information needs, and 6- Health knowledge), BTreatment; health services (7- Patient satisfaction, 8- Information-seeking behavior, 9- Treatment method and cost, 10- Participatory care and information use, 11- Health education, and 12- Disease prevention). Conclusions: The results showed information therapy approach in medical centers of the country, as a dynamic platform to support clinical decisions of specific diseases (such as immunodeficiency diseases), requires long-term policy to improve research and educational activities. The services of the medical staff will be possible through the establishment of factors and effective elements in retrieving and accessing up-to-date information by the physician and the patient, and as a result, promoting health knowledge in this field.

Under the background of carbon neutrality, it is important to construct a large number of high-permeability power grid engineering (HPGE) systems, since these can aid in addressing the security and stability challenges brought about by the high proportion of renewable energy. Construction and engineering frequently involve multiple risk considerations. In this study, we constructed a three-stage comprehensive risk management model of HPGE, which can help to overcome the issues of redundant risk indicators, imprecise risk assessment techniques, and irrational risk warning models in existing studies. First, we use the fuzzy Delphi model to identify the key risk indicators of HPGE. Then, the Bayesian best–worst method (Bayesian BWM) is adopted, as well as the measurement alternatives and ranking according to the compromise solution (MARCOS) approach, to evaluate the comprehensive risks of projects; these methods are proven to have more reliable weighting results and a larger sample separation through comparative analysis. Finally, we established an early warning risk model on the basis of the non-compensation principle, which can help prevent the issue of actual risk warning outcomes from being obscured by some indicators. The results show that the construction of the new power system and clean energy consumption policy are the key risk factors affecting HPGE. It was found that four projects are in an extremely high-risk warning state, five are in a relatively high-risk warning state, and one is in a medium-risk warning state. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the risk prevention of HPGE and to develop a reasonable closed-loop risk control mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study aimed to identify the dimensions and components of information therapy from the point of view of physicians and officials using fuzzy Delphi technique. Materials and Methods: This applied research was conducted by a descriptive method (qualitative content analysis document study and fuzzy Delphi method) from 2019 to 2020. The thirty two valid document studies were used to examine the sources and extract the required components of the therapeutic information variable. The content analysis method was used to classify effective components. Participants in this study were 10 experts. Qualitative content analysis of the data obtained through software 2018 MAXQDA. Results: Two hundred and seventeen primary codes were extracted, reduced to 112 codes after continuous review, and finally these codes were divided in two main themes (categories), including: A- Information; health literacy (1- Information acquisition, 2- Information identification, 3- Information sharing, 4- Awareness-raising, 5- Information needs, and 6- Health knowledge), BTreatment; health services (7- Patient satisfaction, 8- Information-seeking behavior, 9- Treatment method and cost, 10- Participatory care and information use, 11- Health education, and 12- Disease prevention). Conclusions: The results showed information therapy approach in medical centers of the country, as a dynamic platform to support clinical decisions of specific diseases (such as immunodeficiency diseases), requires long-term policy to improve research and educational activities. The services of the medical staff will be possible through the establishment of factors and effective elements in retrieving and accessing up-to-date information by the physician and the patient, and as a result, promoting health knowledge in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital Healthcare, as an emerging industry, holds great promise in revolutionizing the way Healthcare is delivered and managed. Conversely, digital Healthcare faces numerous challenges, including data security, privacy, regulatory, reliability, transparency and efficiency. The adoption of blockchain technology offers potential solutions to these challenges. However, existing models for blockchain adoption are hindered by a limited holistic view, failing to integrate both business and end-user perspectives along with the critical consideration of various factors influencing both stakeholders. To fill this gap, this study proposes a multi-perspective model for the adoption of blockchain in digital healthcare that jointly considers the business aspect and the end user aspect. After identification from literature, factors are selected based on a comprehensive survey of 15 healthcare experts by using the fuzzy Delphi approach for handling the uncertainty in the expert opinions. The analysis reveals that the most significant factors affecting blockchain adoption are Top Management Support (0.830) and Regulation Compliance (0.830). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contributes to the understanding of Construction 4.0 (C4.0) adoption in developing countries, with a specific focus on the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. Due to a lack of innovative methods in construction, developing nations struggle to promote sustainability. To cover this research gap, prior studies have addressed the critical success factors (CSFs) and motivations but neglected the complexity and interconnections of CSFs. This study proposes a Fuzzy Delphi – Analytic Hierarchy Process analysis to discern the most influential factors for successful C4.0 adoption. The results underscore that the motivation to reduce the use of natural resources and establish an effective logistics network supersedes cost-related considerations. Collaboration, information sharing, and strategic management emerge as pivotal CSFs. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners aiming to promote sustainable construction practices through C4.0 technology in a developing context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) is a tactical concern for managers seeking a longterm result. Different managers are attempting to apply SSCM in order to get a competitive advantage. One of the critical processes is the identification of strategy implementation hurdles, which has been a research focus. As a result, this paper identifies these obstacles and analyzes their interrelationships. A list of obstacles was initially established by a survey of the literature and expert judgment in the form of the fuzzy Delphi approach. Next, an investigation was designed to collect expert opinions on the interrelationships between these obstacles. The fuzzy DEMATEL (FDEMATEL) approach was employed for examining the causal linkages and interdependencies of these obstacles. Subsequently, the interpretative structural modeling (ISM) technique was utilized to create a classified structure and to identify the driving and dependent connections. A fuzzy MICMAC analysis was applied for categorizing the obstacles based on driving and dependent power. The results reveal that barriers, "cost of implementation sustainability (B1)", "lack of financial resources (B2)", "institutional complexity (B3)", "complexity in measuring and monitoring sustainability practices (B4)", "lack of effective regulations (B5)", "lack of a proper evaluation system for suppliers (B6)", "lack of sustainability knowledge (B7)", and "strategic and structural restraints (B8)", are the influence-forwarding obstacles. These obstacles influence "inadequate government support (B9)", "high investments for sustainability and less return-oninvestments (B10)", "old equipment and machinery (B11)", and "lack of management commitment (B12)", which are the greatest influences on SSCM practices. Identifying the important obstacles and their interdependences can help policymakers in the manufacturing sector minimize or overcome them, boosting the possibilities of effectively incorporating sustainable principles into these projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education is vital for a person's development, especially from an Islamic perspective, where the first goal is to foster a servant attitude, talent, personality, and outlook on life. Preschool education is crucial in nurturing a child's nature, emotions, and cognitive and social skills in the first five years. However, the significance of a good school environment, particularly in moral formation, varies among institutions. Therefore, this article aims to build consensus among experts on the role of school environment and classroom management in preschoolers' moral development. Eleven-panel members validated the survey instrument with items and analyzed it using the Fuzzy Delphi method (FDM). According to the study, the experts agree that the physical school environment and classroom management are essential for promoting healthy moral development. Expert consensus was obtained on 19 out of 20 items in the physical school environment and classroom management dimension with an expert agreement level greater than 75% with an average (d) value less than 0.2. The undeniable consensus is that the school environment and classroom management play a crucial role in fostering the moral development of preschool children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy efficiency is a matter of immense importance for a wide variety of sectors, and especially industry as the driver of economic growth. Ceramic tile manufacturing is a basic industry that has turned into a nucleus of industrial development in some countries. However, this industry is extremely energy intensive. Iran has a strong ceramic tile industry consisting of a significant number of manufactories with notably high production output and export. Given the energy-intensity of this industry, it can considerably benefit from energy efficiency improvement measures. In this study, first, a number of potential solutions for improving energy efficiency in Iran’s ceramic tile industry were identified by reviewing the subject literature and surveying a group of experts. The fuzzy Delphi method was then used to identify and ultimately prioritize 22 appropriate solutions from technical, managerial and production process standpoints for the said purpose. The results showed that the highest-priority solutions for energy efficiency improvement in the ceramic tile industry are Implementation of regular maintenance program of facilities and equipment, Adjusting the air in the kilns and burners, and Replacing electro motors according to the load of slurry mixers, and the lowest-priority solutions for this purpose are Insulation of transmission and distribution routes (steam and hot water pipes), Implementation of lighting management system in the factory, and Installation of heat exchangers to recover wasted heat (exhaust gases and the kiln’s cooling system). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to identify the factors affecting the strategic design of open innovation and performance in small and medium enterprises. This study was applied in terms of objective and was descriptive-exploratory and mixed in terms of the data collection method. The method used in the present study was conducted in three steps. The first step was the use of qualitative content analysis and the reliability method was used to measure validity. The obtained result was the initial conceptual framework of the factors affecting the strategic design of open innovation and performance. In the second step, the effective factors obtained by the experts were approved in two phases of the Fuzzy Delphi technique. The population of eight scientific-practical experts such as the experts of small and medium enterprises in Yazd province were selected by theoretical sampling, judgmental, and snowball techniques. In the third step, the objective model of the experts was extracted and the content relationship and leveling of effective factors were conducted based on the interpretative structural modeling technique by 22 experts. Based on the analysis of the given opinions, all factors were identified and leveled in intra-organizational (14 factors), extra-organizational (12 factors) and hybrid (5 factors). Based on the analysis conducted in the intra-organizational dimension of organizational culture, organizational strategy, financial resources in the framework of extra-organizational organizations, economic factors, laws and regulations and in the framework of hybrid factors to the inside and outside of the organization, the factors of business space, strategic coordination, and joint venture have more significance and driving forces in affecting the strategic design of open innovation and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological advancement has propelled global economic growth, but it has also led to high rates of pollution emissions, underscoring the urgency of environmental issues. The transportation sector, particularly the rise in individual vehicle ownership, significantly contributes to atmospheric pollution. In this context, Brazil faces growing challenges, largely due to the high number of individual motor vehicles. Transitioning to electric vehicles (EVs) is seen as a sustainable alternative to reduce emissions of polluting gases. However, it is important to consider that EVs may indirectly generate pollution due to energy production in thermal power plants. Nevertheless, EVs are often sought by countries to reduce dependence on imported fuels and to mitigate urban pollution. This study aims to understand the factors influencing the purchase decision of EVs in Brazil through a systematic literature review and validation by specialists using the fuzzy Delphi method. The results indicate 37 variables, grouped into five main blocks: psychological factors, performance factors, environmental factors, barriers, and prospects for the automotive sector. The validation of these variables by specialists provides a solid foundation for the next stage of the research, which involves administering the questionnaire to the general community. Considering these results will lead to strategies aimed at promoting EV adoption, in line with global sustainability challenges and the reduction in CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable humanitarian relief logistics (SHRL) is gaining attention due to increased disasters, unpredictable demand, large volumes, high delivery stakes, and limited resources, evaluated through adaptable performance drivers. This study presents a novel hybrid framework for SHRL, combining the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) and Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (FDEMATEL). Initially, FDM is utilized to reach a consensus among experts concerning key performance indicators (KPIs) for humanitarian logistics and supply chains. By incorporating the inherent uncertainty and vagueness in expert judgments, FDM refines the list of key performance indicators that reflect the real-life conditions and constraints in disaster operations. Finally, the fuzzy DEMATEL approach was used to analyze the interrelationships among factors, identifying cause-and-effect behavior and ranking them, forming a robust theoretical framework. Based on the acquired results, the KPIs attached to the Quality (P1) aspect of the proposed framework have gained significant importance and are the main cause in a cause-and-effect relationship which impacts and is helpful to improve the performance of humanitarian organizations in all phases of disaster management. The KPIs prompt delivery (D1), and delivery accuracy (D2) are more significant, while capacity building and training (D19) and delivery compliance (D15) are least significant in SHRL scenarios. This research is expected to support humanitarian organizations in enhancing their capabilities, thereby improving the effectiveness and efficiency of aid delivery in disaster-stricken areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reforming the administrative system and government management involves a systematic and integrated effort; in such a way that effective changes can be made in the public administration system and its ability to achieve national progress can be increased. This research has been conducted with the aim of providing an organizational improvement model in Iran's government organizations (case study: National Iranian Oil Company). The research is of mixed exploratory type. At first, the dimensions, components and indicators of the model were compiled from the Meta-Synthesis approach. In the next step, fuzzy Delphi method was used to evaluate, screen and localize the model. In the last part of the DANP technique, the relationship and their effects were analyzed. The first stage community including 41 articles out of 651 articles (between 1395 and 1402 for domestic articles and 2015 to 2022 for foreign articles) were selected by systematic review and coded by content analysis method. In the second stage; 6 dimensions, 22 components and 88 indicators were validated and localized with the help of 15 experts, and at the last stage, the final model was prioritized with the help of 15 experts. The findings of this research stated that in order to improve the organization in the National Iranian Oil Company, the dimensions of human resources development, business environment, organizational culture, organizational health, social responsibility and organizational structure should be considered by the managers of the National Iranian Oil Company.

Background. Measuring the efficiency, effectiveness and economic efficiency in the public sector and accordingly allocating resources based on the accepted indicators leads to an increase in public welfare. This study aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive model of performance audit in the field of health. Methods. This study was carried out using a mixed methods approach. Data in the qualitative section was collected by non-probability sampling method and conducting in-depth interviews with 16 experts and senior managers in the field of performance auditing. In the quantitative section, using Cochran’s formula, the sample size was estimated as 384 individuals. Data was collected using a questionnaire, the fuzzy Delphi method, and the partial least squares (PLS) regression in the MAXQDA 2020 software. The collected data was validated through a questionnaire to obtain the final research model. Results. Findings of this study indicated that the following indicators played a vital role in better implementation of performance audits in the field of health: staff empowerment, employing expert and efficient human resources, developing appropriate rules and regulations, managing internal organizational goals, organizing the organization, exercising control over internal policies, economic factors within the organization, laying the foundation for the implementation of performance audits, and organizational productivity. Conclusion. According to the results of the present study, the extracted performance audit indicators can be used to evaluate and improve the quality of performance audit in various areas of health sector.

The present study aims to propose a model for assessing the quality of the internal control structure of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. To achieve this goal, a set of indicators and components of the internal control structure were identified through a review of the theoretical foundations and research background, as well as interviews with experts and specialists in the relevant field. Then, using the fuzzy Delphi process and model validation with the binomial test, quality measurement indicators for the internal control structure were identified. The sample consisted of 36 managers and university professors specializing in internal controls. According to the study, the quality of the internal control structure was classified into three environmental, structural-executive, and results dimensions. The environmental dimension includes three components: the cultural, social, and economic environment of the company's activity location, the legal, political, and economic structure governing the company, and the general structure of the company, with twenty indicators. The structural-executive dimension includes four components: the board of directors structure, specialized committees of the board of directors, senior management structure, and internal supervisory structure, with fifty-eight indicators. The results dimension includes five components: internal control assessment report, independent auditor report, compliance with laws and regulations by the company, company's tax and insurance structure, and transparency and quality of reporting - fairness and justice in the company, with thirty-three indicators

Before the coronavirus pandemic, higher education centers and companies paid little attention to e-learning. The outbreak of the pandemic and the development of digital technologies have caused companies to pay much attention to e-learning. Therefore, companies are looking for the effective use of e-learning tools. The current research seeks to provide a framework to improve the effectiveness of the e-learning system in Hyper Famili chain stores. The current research is applied in terms of orientation and has a quantitative nature in terms of methodology. This study used two Fuzzy Delphi and Marcos methods for data analysis. The theoretical population of the research was managers, experts, and consultants in the field of education in Hyper Famili. Sampling was done as a judgment based on the expertise of experts in eLearning. The sample size was equal to 10 people. Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data. The questionnaires used in this research were expert and priority questionnaires. In the first stage, 32 factors were obtained through literature review and interviews with eLearning experts. As a next step, these factors were screened by the distribution of expert questionnaires and the fuzzy Delphi method. Ten factors were selected for final prioritization with Marcos. The screened factors were prioritized by distributing priority questionnaires and Marcos. According to the scores, the most important factors have been found. Practical research proposals were developed based on the most prioritized factors. Some practical suggestions of the research were holding a training workshop on the benefits and applications of e-learning for senior managers, considering the appropriate budget for purchasing and preparing the necessary infrastructure in the field of e-learning, preparing strategic and operational documents based on future developments of new technologies in Iran and the world and the use of instructors with electronic teaching skills.

Promotion of altruistic behaviour in organisations to foster larger, socially responsible considerations to avoid the self-centred mentality is crucial nowadays. Examining how different factors work together to support a comprehensive solution that inspires self-transformation and leads to altruistic behaviour would be instructive. Altruistic behaviour built due to yoga-based practices was identified from the past literature and is finalised based on the Fuzzy Delphi method. The WINGS method has developed the contextual relationship between the identified behaviours. The results revealed that self-transcendence has a greater impact on others for altruistic behaviour followed by psychological capital and emotional intelligence which is found to be the prime causal factor. This study will assist management practitioners and institutions in identifying the behaviours and conducting the yoga-based practice in their organization. The study will also contribute to developing efficient, long-lasting, and successful training materials for encouraging altruistic conduct among management staff.

Modern challenges such as the liberalization of the railway sector and growing demands for sustainability, high-quality services, and user satisfaction set new standards in railway operations. In this context, railway infrastructure managers (RIMs) play a crucial role in ensuring innovative approaches that will strengthen the position of railways in the market by enhancing efficiency and competitiveness. Evaluating their performance is essential for assessing the achieved objectives, and it is conducted through a wide range of key performance indicators (KPIs), which encompass various dimensions of operations. Monitoring and analyzing KPIs are crucial for improving service quality, achieving sustainability, and establishing a foundation for research and development of new strategies in the railway sector. This paper provides a detailed overview and evaluation of KPIs for RIMs. This paper creates a framework for RIM evaluation using various scientific methods, from identifying KPIs to applying complex analysis methods. A novel hybrid model, which integrates the fuzzy Delphi method for aggregating expert opinions on the KPIs' importance, the extended fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method for determining the relative weights of these KPIs, and the ADAM method for ranking RIMs, has been developed in this paper. This approach enables a detailed analysis and comparison of RIMs and their performances, providing the basis for informed decision-making and the development of new strategies within the railway sector. The analysis results provide insight into the current state of railway infrastructure and encourage further efforts to improve the railway sector by identifying key areas for enhancement. The main contributions of the research include a detailed overview of KPIs for RIMs and the development of a hybrid multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) model. The hybrid model represents a significant step in RIM performance analysis, providing a basis for future research in this area. The model is universal and, as such, represents a valuable contribution to MCDM theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

one of the important indicators of development and also a basic condition for improving the level of well -being in any society is people's access to all kinds of food and safe water, as far as no country can carry out its development programs without providing safe and accessible food and drink. Follow for different sections of society. Therefore, this research seeks to identify the strategic issues of the food and beverage industry and prioritize them. This research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive -survey in terms of data collection, and mixed mixed research in terms of research method. To identify strategic issues in Iran's industry, the review of authentic texts and reports and in -depth interviews with experts are used. After collecting information using the open coding method, the collected data were analyzed and strategic statistical issues were prioritized using the fuzzy Delphi approach. The result of the research indicates that the most important strategic issues of the industry are the weakness of the distribution system, the weakness of the banking system in providing facilities, the high rate of inflation, the inappropriate distribution of the establishment of transformation and complementary industries without regard to the potential of the agricultural sector, and the low productivity of human resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to propose a performance measurement framework to evaluate Lean Supply Chain Management (LSCM) performance. A literature review was performed to identify the main goals and performance indicators in LSCM. A questionnaire was designed that included the identified goals and measures. Next, based on data collected from international academics and practitioners with expertise in LSCM, a two-stage Delphi study using Fuzzy Delphi and Fuzzy DEMATEL methods was carried out to refine the most relevant goals and metrics and their interrelationships and establish benchmark values that are useful for managers to evaluate the performance achieved through the deployment of lean principles, practices, and techniques throughout the supply chain. Finally, an integrated performance measurement framework based on the balanced scorecard approach is proposed with a discussion of the academic and practical implications of the proposed framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporating experiential learning methods into classroom activities is crucial for creating an immersive on-campus experience. Front Office students require proficiency in communication, practical skills, knowledge application, and dispositional skills. This study aims to identify the essential elements necessary to integrate scenarios and resources for designing an online scenario-based learning module named the e-SBL FOIM-ATG for front-office courses in a Community College. The research design follows a quantitative approach, utilizing the Fuzzy Delphi technique. Research data was collected through a questionnaire administered to fifteen experts specializing in hospitality (Front Office), educational technology, scenariobased learning, and curriculum development. Analysis of the data revealed that the experts reached a consensus on all elements, with consensus values exceeding 75%, threshold value (d) = 0.2, and fuzzy score (A) = a-cut value = 0.5. This consensus confirms the importance of these elements in developing the Front Office Instructional Module - Advise the Guest at the Community College. This research holds significant implications for lecturers, students, and the broader education system in Malaysia, promoting the adoption of scenario-based active learning as a transformative educational approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the development of science and technology parks and improving their performance depends on cooperation with industry and university and communication with the environment and related centers. Hence, it is important to identify cooperation network and networking indicators in science and technology parks. The purpose of this research is to identify the indicators of networking in science and technology parks. The method of the current research is qualitative and in it three methods of metacomposition, fuzzy Delphi and Dimetal were used. A search was made in Persian and English databases and 10 related studies were identified and analyzed. In order to verify the networking indicators extracted from the theoretical literature, 13 experts and managers of Pardis Technology Park were surveyed and the indicators were confirmed by the experts using the fuzzy Delphi method. In order to draw the causal model of the relationships between the indicators, DEMATEL method was used. The data was analyzed using Excel software. The results showed that networking in science and technology parks has 15 indicators, such as improving the level of products, information, increasing market share, goals and creating value. According to experts, the market share increase index is the first priority and organizational learning is the last. Drawing the causal model of networking showed that indicators such as management, organizational learning, information and knowledge are effective indicators. Indicators such as new product development, market opportunity creation, relationships and opportunity exploitation are also effective indicators in the networking of science and technology parks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the presentation of consumer nationalism models, its dimensions and various components are still not well understood. The purpose of this article is to identify the factors, components and consequences of consumer nationalism with an emphasis on resistive economy and accordingly to present a conceptual model based on it. In order to carry out this research, in addition to an in-depth study using the metasynthesis method, in order to identify the factors, components and consequences of consumer nationalism, the fuzzy Delphi technique was used and the opinions of 25 experts were used to refine the factors and components. The survey was carried out in four stages and the results of each stage were refined using the formulas of fuzzy Delphi method. Finally, the model of consumer nationalism with emphasis on resistive economy, with 37 components and 5 influencing factors, psychological factors, mixed marketing factors, social factors, resistive economy factors and political factors was designed and as a proposed model for consumer nationalism and with Emphasis on resistance economy is presented, in this way, in our country, while analyzing the existing situation and optimizing the effective and successful research in the field of consumer nationalism development, it is possible to present improvement plans and measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of the current research is to formulate a model that explains the environmental behavior of employees within the Madkush Steel Company, located in Hormozgan Province. Methods: To achieve this objective, a multi-faceted approach was employed, involving an examination of the research's contextual background and the establishment of a theoretical framework. The research methodology consisted of a blend of qualitative methods. To refine the identified components, the fuzzy Delphi method was applied. The research sample encompassed university experts specializing in human resources, environmental specialists, environmental managers, production managers, as well as knowledgeable individuals affiliated with the Madkush Steel Company in Hormozgan Province. A purposive sampling technique was used, resulting in a sample size of 15 participants. Data analysis was executed using the Atlas.ti software for the qualitative portion of the research, while the localization of the identified components was performed using fuzzy Delphi in conjunction with SPSS24. Results: The findings of the research reveal that the constructed model for understanding the environmental behavior of organizational citizens comprises five key components that contribute to organizational environmental behavior. These components encompass individual factors, organizational factors, normative factors, environmental factors, and managerial factors. Additionally, the model comprises three dimensions of organizational environmental behavior, including environmental initiatives, environmental assistance, and civic participation. Conclusions: Consequently, it encompasses four outcomes of organizational environmental behavior, namely, sustainable performance, competitive advantage, social capital, and the development of green products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before the coronavirus pandemic, higher education centers and companies paid little attention to e-learning. The outbreak of the pandemic and the development of digital technologies have caused companies to pay much attention to e-learning. Therefore, companies are looking for the effective use of e-learning tools. The current research seeks to provide a framework to improve the effectiveness of the e-learning system in Hyper Famili chain stores. The current research is applied in terms of orientation and has a quantitative nature in terms of methodology. This study used two Fuzzy Delphi and Marcos methods for data analysis. The theoretical population of the research was managers, experts, and consultants in the field of education in Hyper Famili. Sampling was done as a judgment based on the expertise of experts in eLearning. The sample size was equal to 10 people. Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data. The questionnaires used in this research were expert and priority questionnaires. In the first stage, 32 factors were obtained through literature review and interviews with eLearning experts. As a next step, these factors were screened by the distribution of expert questionnaires and the fuzzy Delphi method. Ten factors were selected for final prioritization with Marcos. The screened factors were prioritized by distributing priority questionnaires and Marcos. According to the scores, the most important factors have been found. Practical research proposals were developed based on the most prioritized factors. Some practical suggestions of the research were holding a training workshop on the benefits and applications of e-learning for senior managers, considering the appropriate budget for purchasing and preparing the necessary infrastructure in the field of e-learning, preparing strategic and operational documents based on future developments of new technologies in Iran and the world and the use of instructors with electronic teaching skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) make up a sizable portion of the business sector in most countries. These businesses are also becoming more concerned about sustainability and how to strategically incorporate it into their operations. However, SMEs have shied away from sustainability investments due to a lack of a comprehensive viewpoint on the matter, an overemphasis on an economic perspective, and the resulting devaluation of environmental and social viewpoints. Though the importance of social and environmental practices for assessing sustainable entrepreneurship (SE) has increased, very little research has been done on SE, particularly those linked to the competitiveness of SMEs. The novelty lies in the identification of social and environmental practices for SE and analyzing it using the best worst method. The two main objectives are to calculate the relative weights of these practices and to identify the most crucial elements for judging SMEs' propensity for SE. The findings of this study have significant consequences not only for the businesses themselves but also for decision‐makers in charge of putting policies in place that make it easier to take actions that are consistent with SE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sustainable project‐driven supply chain (SPDSC) refers to integrating sustainability into project management to improve the sustainability performance of projects. Integrating sustainability and supply chain management is any project‐based organization's most significant performance‐related challenge. Therefore, the present study explores the drivers that can effectively tackle supply chain issues in managing projects undertaken in construction contracting firms for long‐term sustainability. Sixteen critical drivers were considered through a rigorous literature review and fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) for construction contracting firms. Then, selected drivers were used to analyze established construction contracting firms using a grey relational analysis (GRA) technique. The results highlight that construction contracting firms (CCFs) considered the drivers of sustainable use of resources, energy and eco‐efficiency, and environmental impact assessment; stakeholder engagement and social impact; and supply chain collaboration dimensions need to be improved for enhancing the sustainability of PDSCs. This study's contribution is twofold: It quantifies the identified set of critical drivers relevant to SPDSCs; it offers the CCFs a practical toolkit for sustainable project deliverables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Measuring the efficiency, effectiveness and economic efficiency in the public sector and accordingly allocating resources based on the accepted indicators leads to an increase in public welfare. This study aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive model of performance audit in the field of health. Methods. This study was carried out using a mixed methods approach. Data in the qualitative section was collected by non-probability sampling method and conducting indepth interviews with 16 experts and senior managers in the field of performance auditing. In the quantitative section, using Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated as 384 individuals. Data was collected using a questionnaire, the fuzzy Delphi method, and the partial least squares (PLS) regression in the MAXQDA 2020 software. The collected data was validated through a questionnaire to obtain the final research model. Results. Findings of this study indicated that the following indicators played a vital role in better implementation of performance audits in the field of health: staff empowerment, employing expert and efficient human resources, developing appropriate rules and regulations, managing internal organizational goals, organizing the organization, exercising control over internal policies, economic factors within the organization, laying the foundation for the implementation of performance audits, and organizational productivity. Conclusion. According to the results of the present study, the extracted performance audit indicators can be used to evaluate and improve the quality of performance audit in various areas of health sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inopportune organization of spice supply chains (SSCs) results in aided risks, resource wastages, and sustainability issues. Nevertheless, practitioners and academicians alike must investigate spice supply chain management (SSCM) in terms of long-term sustainability. This study draws on the available literature to compile a collection of characteristics and maintain sustainable spice supply chain management techniques which come up with associated risks and relevant obstacles. Existing studies claim that due to a lack of resources, the associated risks are the root of poor SSCM performance. As a result, the goal of this study is to identify the primary risk variables using qualitative data; nevertheless, the attributes must be converted into a scale that is comparable. The fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) was used to obtain valid and reliable attributes from qualitative data, while the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (FDEMATEL) was used to address uncertainty and interrelationships simultaneously. FDM results suggest that there are eighteen critical risk variables and seven risks threatening effective SSCM. FDEMATEL results reveal qualitative data translated into crisp, comparable values in order to investigate causal linkages between variables and confirm the compatibility of the theoretical structure with industry realities. The findings show fluctuation in the Price (C8), diseases and pests (C20), human contamination (C23), spice adulteration (C24), and loss of food quality, and quantity (C36) are all important risks and sub-risks in these causative interrelationships. The primary risks involved in enhancing SCM include Financial Risk (A5), Ergonomic Risk (A8), and Operation and Management Risk (A10). The study recommends that industry professionals use future marketing tools to protect themselves from price changes which allow them to assess supply and demand circumstances and manage price risks over distance and time. Spices are the key contributors to earning a sizable amount of foreign currency through export in a developing country. It suggests to policymakers, regulatory organizations, and practitioners to develop regulations, raise farmer understanding about pest control, impose stiff penalties on vendors and businesses proven to be involved in spice adulteration, and develop a sustainable fertilizer distribution system. These corresponding action plans for improving the SSC sector and comparing it with agro-food and short-supply chains are investigated. This study contributes to theory by utilizing FDM and FDEMATEL methods for addressing the uncertainty and interrelationship among associated risks that hinder SCM from attaining sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the criteria and indicators based on which Iranian universities are evaluated is essential in university ranking systems. This study aims to identify criteria and indicators appropriate to Iranian universities and to develop a local framework for ranking Iranian universities and higher education institutions. This study was carried out using the fuzzy Delphi technique in six stages: the first stage was to identify the existing rankings, the second stage was to extract criteria and indicators, the third stage was to adjust the indicators based on frequency, and the fourth stage was to use the fuzzy Delphi technique to obtain expert panel opinions, the fifth step is to use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for weighting and ranking indicators, and the sixth step is to present a schematic view of the framework obtained. According to findings, 145 studied rankings, 17 criteria, and 2709 indicators were identified. After removing the overlaps and homogenizing the indicators, 17 criteria and 180 indicators were selected to enter the study checklist. Finally, based on the fuzzy Delphi technique and AHP results, the appropriate ranking framework for Iranian universities, which includes 11 criteria and 94 indicators, was developed. The presented framework is designed according to the needs of Iranian universities to produce science and knowledge, create innovation and entrepreneurship, and produce technological products.

Purpose: This research aims to identify the criteria for evaluating the quality of an optimal business-welfare website for free zones, as well as the significance of these criteria. It also ranks the current websites of the country's free zones. Finally, based on the results of the research, methods are provided to enhance the quality of website services and increase user satisfaction. This includes emphasizing investment in website design and strengthening information content. Method: The tools in this article include a checklist questionnaire for general use and the Webqual method for evaluating website services. After establishing the theoretical background for website design and using the Fuzzy-Delphi method, the weight of each criterion was obtained using the Fuzzy-Best Worst Method (FBWM). Experts for this two-stage process were selected from website designers, front-end and back-end developers, UI designers, content producers, and network advertising experts using snowball sampling. Finally, ranking the regional websites using the FCODAS method. Due to the uncertainty and ambiguity of people's thinking, new fuzzy decision-making methods have been utilized at every stage. Findings: The most crucial indicators for assessing the quality of a website include the relevance of the information to the website's subject, robust search engine functionality, support for various user interface environments, customer service and respectful attitude, response time to user requests, secure communication, and confidentiality of personal information. In this evaluation, the website of Chabahar Free Zone was discovered to be the best, while the free zones of Aras, Anzali, Qeshm, Kish, Mako, and Arvand were ranked next, respectively. Conclusion: The advancement of technology and the high functionality of the virtual space in the welfare-commercial fields have made it clear that improving website design can lead to positive feedback in user experience. It is also an important factor in attracting domestic and foreign markets, tourism tours, and enhancing business prospects.

Background and Objectives: The use of digital technology for teaching and learning has been discussed for decades, but now and in the post-Corona era, due to the problems of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become the focus of many educational institutions. The effect of COVID-19, in a short period, brought about a huge change in the way of education and learning and even completely blocked some educational activities. As a result, education administrators have turned to other alternatives to replace face-to-face or traditional learning. Virtual education is one of the very important and serious programs proposed and carried out by educational institutions in that era, now and in the post-Corona period. The quality of designing and providing virtual education, like face-to-face education, depends on several inputs such as the teacher, learner, technological tools and education design, financial resources system, educational policies, and so on. Among the listed factors, the lecturers of these courses are of special importance. Therefore, according to the change in the teachers’ role, their previous skills can no longer be answered, and teachers, in addition to acquiring the necessary skills in the traditional learning environment, need empowerment in various fields, which is the most important step in achieving this important identification. Today, few universities can improve and develop without providing training courses to empower their faculty members, and this is doubly important in the post-Corona period when universities place a lot of emphasis on virtual education. This is because in the Corona and post-Corona period the emphasis on virtual education in higher education and increasing its use, requires special knowledge, skills, and abilities for professors To achieve this, identifying the skills of lecturers in virtual education, it seems essential and paying attention to these skills will lead to the growth of professors and as a result, improve the quality of virtual education. In particular, there is no significant study for the post-Corona period in the context of the research topic, and there is no study on identifying and explaining the teaching skills of teachers for virtual education using the methods of content analysis and fuzzy Delphi. Therefore, the present study aims to identify and explain the skills of academic staff members in virtual education in the post-Corona period in a precise manner using the approaches of content analysis and fuzzy Delphi and presenting a conceptual model.Materials and Methods: This research is an applied and descriptive research and the combined research methods of interview, content analysis, and fuzzy Delphi were used to collect and analyze information. The statistical population of the research is 20 experts and professors of the Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews. Then, all the interviews were analyzed with the method of content analysis, and the skills were extracted and identified. Then, skills were refined and explained in four survey stages using the fuzzy Delphi method.Findings: In the interview with the experts, two main questions were used to measure the skills and competencies of academic staff members for virtual education in the post-Corona period. The results of the qualitative section included 452 initial codes, which were reduced to 31 main codes and five main categories after data reduction and merging overlapping terms. These five main classes include moral-social, technical-technological, educational-learning, individual-managerial, and supervisory-supportive skills. Then, with a questionnaire, 31 identified skills were examined for refinement and confirmation in four stages. By examining the skills, the experts approved all of them with the fuzzy Delphi approach.Conclusions: In this study, it was determined that 31 skills are considered for virtual education teachers. In the meantime, we can safely say that 12 skills of social facilitation and appropriate counseling, conflict management, professional and ethical commitment, strategies and applications of learning theories, scholarly and research skills and knowledge sharing, skills to facilitate the teaching process, online lectures, encouraging and motivational skills, administrative and operational organizational skills, maintaining communication with students after completing the course, feedback, and monitoring learning activities, which were approved in the first round of the fuzzy Delphi method, are the most important skills of virtual education. Therefore, more emphasis should be placed on these skills in the post-Corona era in virtual courses.

Social entrepreneurs play an essential role in innovative solutions to address the world's most challenging societal problems. Although the value of innovative ideas is undeniable during the new venture creation process, not all creative ideas can be implemented. Many barriers hinder nascent social entrepreneurs from realizing their new ideas. The aim of this study is twofold: (1) to provide a holistic list of barriers that hinder social venture creation; and (2) to determine the solutions to overcome the detected barriers. This study employs an integrated methodology to identify barriers and solutions. First, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to determine the barriers. Following this, essential barriers were identified with the fuzzy Delphi (F-Delphi) method. Next, the weight of each barrier was calculated using the improved fuzzy step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (IMF-SWARA). Then, fuzzy weighted aggregated sum product assessment (F-WASPAS) was used to rank solutions to overcome these barriers. The findings may help organizations advise nascent social entrepreneurs about potential obstacles, which may help reduce the number of entrepreneurs abandoning their ideas. Furthermore, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness and effectiveness of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective last-mile (LM) delivery is critical to the efficient functioning of supply chains. In addition to speed and the cost of delivery, environmental and social sustainability are increasingly important factors in last-mile logistics (LML), especially in urban areas. Sustainable solutions such as drones attract special attention from researchers due to their high potential. The future of drone logistics is uncertain due to many barriers. This study analyzes, evaluates and ranks barriers to identify those that most significantly hinder broader drone adoption in LML, and proposes and ranks strategies to overcome them. This type of issue requires the involvement of multiple stakeholders with conflicting goals and interests. Therefore, the study employs a novel hybrid multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model that combines fuzzy Delphi-based fuzzy factor relationship (Fuzzy D-FARE) and fuzzy comprehensive distance-based ranking (Fuzzy COBRA) methods. The results indicate that the main obstacle to drone implementation in LM is the lack of aviation regulations. The risks of unauthorized access, data misuse, privacy breaches, and data security represent significant challenges. They are followed by ambiguously defined or burdensome requirements for insurance and liability for drone owners. The main contributions of this study are the establishment of a novel hybrid model, identification and ranking of barriers for broader application of drones in LML, and strategies for overcoming them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to propose a novel classification of the interrelationships between Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies and circular economy (CE) principles that highlights the most conclusive findings and extant gaps in the relevant research. A systematic literature review has been developed to locate, select and evaluate relevant contributions made to CE interrelationships with I4.0 technologies. Studies have been analysed and classified according to the specific I4.0 technology and CE principle addressed (10Rs). The articles have been clustered into three main groups: (i) useful application of materials, (ii) extending the lifespan of products and their parts and (iii) smarter product use and manufacture. A mind map of the investigated articles has been used to establish the interrelationships between individual technologies and each CE principle at the supply chain level. Based on this classification, a focus group interview (FGI) was held with experts to dig deeper into the interrelationships between I4.0 technologies and CE principles. The FGI results have identified how each as yet unexplored I4.0 technology could be linked to each CE principle. A Fuzzy Delphi (FD) study was also applied to identify the most relevant I4.0 technologies for improving CE principles and closing gaps in the literature regarding the 10R CE principles. In addition, guidelines have been established to assist with practical applications and generate a research agenda on the interrelationships between I4.0 technologies and CE principles at the supply chain level. Implications for theory include the extension of view from the research gaps between I4.0 technologies and the 10Rs identified in the literature; also, an FGI and FD were performed based on the detected research gaps to identify future lines of research for academics and offer useful guidance to directors and managers on I4.0 technology interrelationships for improving at least one of the 10R CE principles. The contribution to practice aims to enable managers to easily identify which technology from the I4.0 domain should be used to advance any given CE principle. Lastly, we provide useful guidance on the application of as‐yet‐unused technologies to improve CE principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the criteria and indicators based on which Iranian universities are evaluated is essential in university ranking systems. This study aims to identify criteria and indicators appropriate to Iranian universities and to develop a local framework for ranking Iranian universities and higher education institutions. This study was carried out using the fuzzy Delphi technique in six stages: the first stage was to identify the existing rankings, the second stage was to extract criteria and indicators, the third stage was to adjust the indicators based on frequency, and the fourth stage was to use the fuzzy Delphi technique to obtain expert panel opinions, the fifth step is to use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for weighting and ranking indicators, and the sixth step is to present a schematic view of the framework obtained. According to findings, 145 studied rankings, 17 criteria, and 2709 indicators were identified. After removing the overlaps and homogenizing the indicators, 17 criteria and 180 indicators were selected to enter the study checklist. Finally, based on the fuzzy Delphi technique and AHP results, the appropriate ranking framework for Iranian universities, which includes 11 criteria and 94 indicators, was developed. The presented framework is designed according to the needs of Iranian universities to produce science and knowledge, create innovation and entrepreneurship, and produce technological products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Investment in the construction industry can only cause economic growth and achieve economic results when capital injection and housing production are targeted and ultimately lead to housing consumption; because if the imported funds are not directed to the building sector, the final price of housing will increase and will make real consumers less able to buy. Therefore, the entry of liquidity into the construction industry requires formulation of strategy and policy in order to increase the growth rate of housing. Also, risk management and knowing its key components lead to reducing construction costs and creating a more appropriate price in the construction industry. The aim of the current research is to know the dimensions and components of risk management in Iran's construction industry with a fuzzy Delphi approach with interpretive structural modeling and DEMATEL technique. Methodology: The current research method is exploratory and the goal is to answer the research questions. In terms of the type of research, it is practical because its results are used for risk management in Iran's construction industry. The method of the current research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative dimension, using the fuzzy Delphi method, it has identified the dimensions and components of risk management in the construction industry in Iran. In the quantitative dimension, by using interpretative structural modeling technique and DEMATEL, by using surveys of experts and university professors, it has been done to stratify and examine the intensity of relationships between dimensions. Findings: The results show that at the lowest level of the model (level three), the risk dimension of political factors is placed, which acts as the cornerstone of the model and to achieve risk management in projects. Iran's construction should start from this factor. Also, the results of examining the intensity of relationships between dimensions with Dimetal show that the social risk dimension is the most effective dimension, has the highest numerical value based on the row sum (D), and thus, with the most influential dimension among the investigated dimensions of risk management in Iran's construction industry has been identified. Also, according to (D-R), the lowest value, the risk dimension of laws and regulations, is the most effective dimension of risk management in Iran's construction industry. Originality/Value: The current research is new in terms of the subject area, i.e. in the field of the construction industry of Iran, and in terms of the location area, i.e. companies active in the field of the construction industry of New Tehran. The research gap that creates the space for innovation in the current research, according to the perspective of soft operations research, which is a tool for creating complex and new problems, is the use of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and DEMATEL. Less research has been done on leveling and examining the intensity of impact and effectiveness of the components of risks in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant portion of the hazardous wastes generated by rapid industrialisation and urbanisation end up in landfills. The wastes disposed of in hazardous waste landfills are less biodegradable; thus, the leachate generated due to the physical and chemical changes in the landfill renders high toxicity. If not monitored and handled appropriately, this leachate could lead to contamination affecting human and livestock health and adversely affect the soil and agriculture in the vicinity of the landfill site. A tool to quantify the contamination caused by improper handling of hazardous waste landfill leachate is essential to understand which landfill site would need immediate attention. In the present study, the leachate pollution index is developed based on the predominantly available pollutants in hazardous waste landfill leachate and their toxicity limits. Fuzzy Delphi-Analytic Hierarchy Process has been used to develop the index. These techniques have been used for screening and assigning weights to the pollutants. Further, sub-index curves have been developed considering the available concentration, the toxicity, and the standard concentration limits for each pollutant. The weighted linear sum function has been used to aggregate the weights and sub-index scores. The hazardous waste landfill leachate pollution index developed in this study can serve as a potential tool for quantifying the leachate contamination potential. Furthermore, it can be used as a comparison tool for ranking landfill sites based on the contamination potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The use of digital technology for teaching and learning has been discussed for decades, but now and in the post-Corona era, due to the problems of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become the focus of many educational institutions. The effect of COVID-19, in a short period, brought about a huge change in the way of education and learning and even completely blocked some educational activities. As a result, education administrators have turned to other alternatives to replace face-to-face or traditional learning. Virtual education is one of the very important and serious programs proposed and carried out by educational institutions in that era, now and in the post-Corona period. The quality of designing and providing virtual education, like face-to-face education, depends on several inputs such as the teacher, learner, technological tools and education design, financial resources system, educational policies, and so on. Among the listed factors, the lecturers of these courses are of special importance. Therefore, according to the change in the teachers' role, their previous skills can no longer be answered, and teachers, in addition to acquiring the necessary skills in the traditional learning environment, need empowerment in various fields, which is the most important step in achieving this important identification. Today, few universities can improve and develop without providing training courses to empower their faculty members, and this is doubly important in the post-Corona period when universities place a lot of emphasis on virtual education. This is because in the Corona and post-Corona period the emphasis on virtual education in higher education and increasing its use, requires special knowledge, skills, and abilities for professors To achieve this, identifying the skills of lecturers in virtual education, it seems essential and paying attention to these skills will lead to the growth of professors and as a result, improve the quality of virtual education. In particular, there is no significant study for the post-Corona period in the context of the research topic, and there is no study on identifying and explaining the teaching skills of teachers for virtual education using the methods of content analysis and fuzzy Delphi. Therefore, the present study aims to identify and explain the skills of academic staff members in virtual education in the post-Corona period in a precise manner using the approaches of content analysis and fuzzy Delphi and presenting a conceptual model. Materials and Methods: This research is an applied and descriptive research and the combined research methods of interview, content analysis, and fuzzy Delphi were used to collect and analyze information. The statistical population of the research is 20 experts and professors of the Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews. Then, all the interviews were analyzed with the method of content analysis, and the skills were extracted and identified. Then, skills were refined and explained in four survey stages using the fuzzy Delphi method. Findings: In the interview with the experts, two main questions were used to measure the skills and competencies of academic staff members for virtual education in the post-Corona period. The results of the qualitative section included 452 initial codes, which were reduced to 31 main codes and five main categories after data reduction and merging overlapping terms. These five main classes include moral-social, technicaltechnological, educational-learning, individual-managerial, and supervisory-supportive skills. Then, with a questionnaire, 31 identified skills were examined for refinement and confirmation in four stages. By examining the skills, the experts approved all of them with the fuzzy Delphi approach. Conclusions: In this study, it was determined that 31 skills are considered for virtual education teachers. In the meantime, we can safely say that 12 skills of social facilitation and appropriate counseling, conflict management, professional and ethical commitment, strategies and applications of learning theories, scholarly and research skills and knowledge sharing, skills to facilitate the teaching process, online lectures, encouraging and motivational skills, administrative and operational organizational skills, maintaining communication with students after completing the course, feedback, and monitoring learning activities, which were approved in the first round of the fuzzy Delphi method, are the most important skills of virtual education. Therefore, more emphasis should be placed on these skills in the post-Corona era in virtual courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the dual-carbon economy, HRSs play a critical role as an essential intermediary hub for upstream hydrogen production, midstream hydrogen storage and transportation, and downstream vehicle fueling. The use of renewable energy sources for hydrogen production and refueling has become a topic of great interest, and direct current (DC) microgrid-based HRSs are a promising model. However, there is a lack of research on the key influencing factors for the site selection of electric-hydrogen hybrid refueling stations. To address this research gap, this study reviewed the scientific literature on refueling station site selection and identified 34 site selection factors based on the characteristics of DC microgrid-based electric-hydrogen hybrid refueling stations. The importance of these factors was evaluated through a combination of fuzzy Delphi and LBWA models, and an optimized site selection evaluation index system was constructed. The results showed that hydrogen storage technology, wind speed, hydrogen production technology, lighting conditions, spatial safety, profit risk, and leakage risk are the key factors that influence site selection decisions. After eliminating nine non-important indicators, a site selection index system with 1-4-25 layers factors was established. The proposed key factors and index system have important guiding and reference significance for governments and investors in making site selection decisions and managing electric-hydrogen hybrid refueling station projects. [Display omitted] • Direct Current Microgrid-based Electric-Hydrogen Hybrid Refueling Station. • Fuzzy Delphi, LBWA models and Interval-valued Fuzzy Rough Numbers-based. • Constructed a site selection index system comprising 1-4-25 layers factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing methods for scoring student presentations predominantly rely on computer-based implementations and do not incorporate a robotic multi-classification model. This limitation can result in potential misclassification issues as these approaches lack active feature learning capabilities due to fixed camera positions. Moreover, these scoring methods often solely focus on facial expressions and neglect other crucial factors, such as eye contact, hand gestures and body movements, thereby leading to potential biases or inaccuracies in scoring. To address these limitations, this study introduces Robotics-based Presentation Skill Scoring (RPSS), which employs a multi-model analysis. RPSS captures and analyses four key presentation parameters in real time, namely facial expressions, eye contact, hand gestures and body movements, and applies the fuzzy Delphi method for criteria selection and the analytic hierarchy process for weighting, thereby enabling decision makers or managers to assign varying weights to each criterion based on its relative importance. RPSS identifies five academic facial expressions and evaluates eye contact to achieve a comprehensive assessment and enhance its scoring accuracy. Specific sub-models are employed for each presentation parameter, namely EfficientNet for facial emotions, DeepEC for eye contact and an integrated Kalman and heuristic approach for hand and body movements. The scores are determined based on predefined rules. RPSS is implemented on a robot, and the results highlight its practical applicability. Each sub-model is rigorously evaluated offline and compared against benchmarks for selection. Real-world evaluations are also conducted by incorporating a novel active learning approach to improve performance by leveraging the robot's mobility. In a comparative evaluation with human tutors, RPSS achieves a remarkable average agreement of 99%, showcasing its effectiveness in assessing students' presentation skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research aims to identify the criteria for evaluating the quality of an optimal business-welfare website for free zones, as well as the significance of these criteria. It also ranks the current websites of the country's free zones. Finally, based on the results of the research, methods are provided to enhance the quality of website services and increase user satisfaction. This includes emphasizing investment in website design and strengthening information content. Method: The tools in this article include a checklist questionnaire for general use and the Webqual method for evaluating website services. After establishing the theoretical background for website design and using the Fuzzy-Delphi method, the weight of each criterion was obtained using the Fuzzy-Best Worst Method (FBWM). Experts for this two-stage process were selected from website designers, front-end and back-end developers, UI designers, content producers, and network advertising experts using snowball sampling. Finally, ranking the regional websites using the FCODAS method. Due to the uncertainty and ambiguity of people's thinking, new fuzzy decision-making methods have been utilized at every stage. Findings: The most crucial indicators for assessing the quality of a website include the relevance of the information to the website's subject, robust search engine functionality, support for various user interface environments, customer service and respectful attitude, response time to user requests, secure communication, and confidentiality of personal information. In this evaluation, the website of Chabahar Free Zone was discovered to be the best, while the free zones of Aras, Anzali, Qeshm, Kish, Mako, and Arvand were ranked next, respectively. Conclusion: The advancement of technology and the high functionality of the virtual space in the welfare-commercial fields have made it clear that improving website design can lead to positive feedback in user experience. It is also an important factor in attracting domestic and foreign markets, tourism tours, and enhancing business prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]