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Eremanthus incanus is a native tree of Brazil with economic, ecological, and social importance, but it faces risks due to predatory exploitation and a lack of research. The objective of this study is to evaluate the biometrics and seed germination of different mother trees in order to contribute to the valorization, conservation, and cultivation of the species. Phenotypically, 10 mother trees were selected from a Candeia population located in the Diamantina region of Minas Gerais, from which seeds resulting from open pollination were collected. For the biometric analysis, 100 seeds from each mother tree were randomly sampled, distributed on millimeter paper in four repetitions of 25 units each, and evaluated for weight, length, and width. The germination study began with disinfestation and selection of seeds using the densimetric method. Subsequently, the material was placed in germination boxes containing germitest paper. The experiment was set up in BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) germination chambers following a randomized block design, with ten mother trees and four repetitions of 25 seeds per plot. Germination was evaluated on alternate days, until a constant point was reached. Significant effects ofE. incanus mother trees were observed on biometric variables as well as on the germination rate and germination speed index of the seeds. Understanding these effects advances knowledge about the species and its potentialities, contributing to the development of more efficient propagation and conservation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major of Forest Sciences, constitutes in The National University of Forestry Sciences (UNACIFOR), of Honduras, an important pillar for its professional profile, for the social commission and the typical characteristics of Honduras as a purely forest country, with an ecological wealth and distinctive biodiversity in Central America. That is why the preparation of their teachers, students and managers is crucial to respond competently to their actions; being the objective of this article: To show the need of incorporating the vision of rural competences and extensionism in the development of Honduran forestry activity.

The article from Environmental Legal News reports that Galicia has approved the Evaluation and Monitoring Commission of Law 11/2021, which aims to recover agricultural, livestock, and forestry lands. The law also promotes sustainable agricultural practices, active forest management, combating soil degradation, and preventing the abandonment of agroforestry lands. Additionally, it focuses on gender equality and the generational renewal of agroforestry operations. [Extracted from the article]

La inserción del sector silvoagropecuario chileno en el comercio internacional (desde la década de 1980) creó en Chile una especialización regional fundada en ventajas naturales y sociales de diferentes subsectores en determinadas zonas geográficas, destacando los subsectores forestal y agro-frutícola. Se presentan los resultados de un análisis realizado a partir de la encuesta CASEN (2017) que compara el perfil de ingresos de las unidades domésticas trabajadoras silvoagropecuarias de dos grupos de comunas rurales, definidos por la presencia de actividades forestales y agro-frutícolas. Se utiliza una tipología de unidades domésticas para exponer comparativamente sus fuentes de ingreso. De este análisis se concluye la existencia de patrones territoriales de unidades domésticas, correlativos a los subsectores agro-exportadores predominantes y que se relacionan con la particular inserción de estos territorios en la división internacional del trabajo.

Copyright of Mundo Agrario is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The major of Forest Sciences, constitutes in The National University of Forestry Sciences (UNACIFOR), of Honduras, an important pillar for its professional profile, for the social commission and the typical characteristics of Honduras as a purely forest country, with an ecological wealth and distinctive biodiversity in Central America. That is why the preparation of their teachers, students and managers is crucial to respond competently to their actions; being the objective of this article: To show the need of incorporating the vision of rural competences and extensionism in the development of Honduran forestry activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the history of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nation. It mentions its mandate and position in the United Nations, as well as its governance, presence in Europe and globally, financing, cooperation, human resources and, in greater detail, FAO's forestry programme.

The diversity and annual fluctuation of cerambicids associated with the rain forest edge and interior was estimated. The capture of insects was performed with interception traps baited with ethyl alcohol and ultraviolet light traps used as attractants. 295 specimens from three subfamilies, belonging to 56 species of 38 genera were collected. Lamiinae was the richest subfamily, with 40 species distributed in 20 genera, for Cerambycinae 14 species from 12 genera were collected and for Parandrinae two species of one genus. The most abundant genus was Leptostylus with eight species. Six species were identified as new records for Mexico and 29 for Tabasco. In the forest edge, 155 specimens from two subfamilies, belonging to 37 species from 26 genera, were collected. In the forest interior 140 specimens were collected from three subfamilies, belonging to 36 species from 26 genera. It was determined that the communities have 17 shared species. The maximum value of true diversity was obtained in the forest edge with 15.96 and the minimum value in the forest interior with 12.69. The values of Δ, Δ * and Δ+ were determined and implied a low phylogenetic separation between the cerambycid species in both communities. The temporal fluctuation of the Cerambycidae community presented the maximum values abundance in February, May and August, months where there is a reduction in the precipitation. Finally, the species accumulation curve does not present an asymptote, so new records may increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En las últimas décadas la introducción de nuevas tecnologías, técnicas de aprendizaje y métodos de enseñanza ha incidido en la simplificación del entendimiento de conceptos. La facilidad para encontrar información mediante fuentes de internet, redes sociales y medios interactivos ha generado el reforzamiento en los sistemas de aprendizaje dinámicos, en especial a nivel universitario. En el presente trabajo se estableció como objetivo analizar las tendencias de aprendizaje puestas en marcha en la educación superior, así como los retos y potenciales cambios que se deben considerar en próximos años con el fin de mejorar el aprendizaje y el incremento de conocimiento en estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias Forestales. Mediante una revisión bibliográfica se tuvieron en cuenta teorías psicológicas conductistas y cognitivas; además, se analizaron las tendencias de tipos de aprendizaje, desde la alternativa tradicional (memorística) hasta otras más nuevas como la cooperativa, emocional y latente, que estimulan el desarrollo y el uso de habilidades blandas. Los resultados evidenciaron que actualmente las tendencias se mueven hacia aprendizajes teórico-prácticos en los cuales la parte emocional y experimental toma relevancia y mejora la interacción con la realidad social y el entorno cercano. Finalmente, se consideraron las perspectivas a largo plazo en las que la implementación de e-learning (combinación de redes sociales), programas, videos y equipos informáticos impulsen el empoderamiento del nuevo conocimiento.

In this sentence, the Superior Court of Justice of the Valencian Community dismisses the appeal of an agricultural company that sought to transform forest land into agricultural land. The company argued that the plots were not affected by a forest fire and that their use was for irrigated agriculture. However, the court determined that the plots were forested and were indeed affected by the fire, so the appeal was dismissed. Additionally, it was established that forest territorial action plans take priority over urban planning. [Extracted from the article]

Bauhinia monandra al ser una leguminosa multipropósito, representa una alternativa para el establecimiento de rodales artificiales en el trópico veracruzano, constituyéndose en una opción alimenticia para la ganadería, así como para la mejora de suelos y el desarrollo de sistemas agroforestales pecuarios.

El Código Orgánico Ambiental fue promulgado en 2017 y debía entrar en vigencia un año después. Este artículo reseña las principales deficiencias técnicas del cuerpo legal en las materias de conservación de la biodiversidad, temas forestales, manglares, cuencas hidrográficas, y la reparación de daños ambientales. La investigadora explica como estas deficiencias lejos de colaborar con la conservación de la biodiversidad nacional, debilitan la estructura institucional, complejizan el manejo de los recursos de la diversidad biológica y constituyen al instrumento legal en un driver contra la conservación de la biodiversidad nacional.

El corredor Ocuiltzapotlán-Macultepec constituye una zona con potencial para el crecimiento urbano, por su cercanía a la ciudad de Villahermosa Tabasco, esto ha provocado intensos cambios de uso de suelo en su área periurbana que afectan las funciones ambientales de sus recursos naturales. Por ello, el objetivo de la investigación fue analizar los cambios de uso de suelo, ocurridos entre los años 2000-2017, así como el impacto que causan a algunas funciones ambientales de las áreas periurbanas en dicho corredor. Mediante análisis de imágenes se identificaron los usos de suelos, se calcularon las tasas de cambios de uso y se determinaron sus efectos sobre el almacenamiento de carbono y regulación de los flujos hídricos. Los resultados indican que los usos urbano y pastizales crecieron en 2.27 y 2.26% respectivamente, mientras que los forestales y humedales decrecieron en 11.48 y 1.09% respectivamente. El almacenamiento de carbono edáfico se estima en 92.4±5.1, 73.2±2.8 y 220.4±4.6 Mg C ha-1 para los usos pastizal, forestal y humedales respectivamente. El compartimento aéreo del uso forestal almacena 63.27 Mg C ha-1, que se suman al carbono edáfico, alcanzando las 136.47 Mg C ha-1, que hacen de este uso de suelo, el segundo almacén de C más importante, solo después del humedal. Se concluye que el mayor impacto ambiental ocasionado por el cambio de uso de suelo del área periurbana del polígono estudiado es la reducción de humedales, por ser estos las principales áreas de almacenamiento de carbono y de regulación de los flujos hídricos.

The sentence of the High Court of Justice of the Region of Murcia on December 2, 2021 addresses the case of an agricultural company that requested the cleaning of an abandoned plot to plant almond trees. The court concluded that the change of use was not exceptional and that the presence of habitats of community interest in the plot justified the denial of authorization. Despite the existence of a road on the plot, it is not considered a discontinuity in the continuity of the forest land. The appeal filed is dismissed. [Extracted from the article]

LiDAR technology –airborne and terrestrial- is becoming more relevant in the development of forest inventories, which are crucial to better understand and manage forest ecosystems. In this study, we assessed a classification of species composition in a Mediterranean forest following the C4.5 decision tree. Different data sets from airborne laser scanner full-waveform (ALSFW), discrete (ALSD) and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) were combined as input data for the classification. Species composition were divided into five classes: pure Quercus ilex plots (QUI); pure Pinus halepensis dense regenerated (HALr); pure P. halepensis (HAL); pure P. pinaster (PIN); and mixed P. pinaster and Q. suber (mPIN). Furthermore, the class HAL was subdivided in low and dense understory vegetation cover. As a result, combination of ALSFW and TLS reached 85.2% of overall accuracy classifying classes HAL, PIN and mPIN. Combining ALSFW and ALSD, the overall accuracy was 77.0% to discriminate among the five classes. Finally, classification of understory vegetation cover using ALSFW reached an overall accuracy of 90.9%. In general, combination of ALSFW and TLS improved the overall accuracy of classifying among HAL, PIN and mPIN by 7.4% compared to the use of the data sets separately, and by 33.3% with respect to the use of ALSD only. ALSFW metrics, in particular those specifically designed for detection of understory vegetation, increased the overall accuracy 9.1% with respect to ALSD metrics. These analyses show that classification in forest ecosystems with presence of understory vegetation and intermediate canopy strata is improved when ALSFW and/or TLS are used instead of ALSD.

The Aliso Alnus acuminata Kunth is a forest species of the of the Colombian Andes associated with Kikuyu grass as silvopastoral system (SPS) and fixe atmospheric N. The SPS was compared with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1 year-1 at 30, 45 and 60 days on pasture quality, expressed as green forage (GF), dry matter (DM), percentage of crude protein (% CP) and N absorbed, also fluxes N2O emissions to the atmosphere were evaluated. The SPS exceeded to 0 and 50 kg.N.ha-1 in all variables, less in the N2O emission fluxes that was greater than 0 kg.N.ha-1 (P0.05), and in GF was similar to 100 kg.N.ha-1 (p>0.05). 150 and 200 kg.N.ha-1.year-1 exceeded all the variables to the SSP. A higher GF and DM was achieved at 45 days and %CP at 30 days.

In the last decades, the introduction of new technologies, learning techniques and teaching methods has had an impact on simplifying the understanding of concepts; the ease of finding information through Internet sources, social networks and interactive media has generated reinforcement in dynamic learning systems, especially at the university level. The objective of this work was to analyze the learning trends implemented at the university level, as well as the challenges and potential changes that should be considered in coming years, to improve learning and increase knowledge in science university students. Forestry. Employing a bibliographic review, behavioral and cognitive psychological theories were taken into account; Also, trends in types of learning were analyzed, from the traditional alternative (memory) to newer ones such as cooperative, emotional and latent, which stimulate the development and use of soft skills. The results showed that currently, the trends are moving towards theoretical-practical learning in which the emotional and experimental part takes relevance and improves the interaction with social reality and the intimate environment. Finally, the long-term perspectives were considered in which the implementation of e-learning (the combination of social networks), programs, videos, and computer equipment promote the empowerment of new knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil, in addition to storing, provides CO2 to the atmosphere emitted by soil respiration, mainly due to biotic and abiotic factors, as well as soil management. The objective of the research was to evaluate soil respiration in different uses and quantify its CO2 emissions at two different times of the year, as well as estimate its storage to make a balance to establish strategies that allow with the climate change mitigation. The CO2 emission was measured every 30 min by using a closed dynamic chamber placed on the soil and integrated with an infrared gas analyzer, as well as temperature and moisture of the soil with sensors. Three land uses (agroforestry, forestry and agricultural) and two seasons of the year (summer and winter) were analyzed for 24 continuous hours at each site. Positive correlation between environmental temperature and soil respiration was found. The agricultural system stores low carbon content in the soil (50.31 t C ha-1) and emits 9.28 t of C ha-1 in the highest temperature season, in contrast to a natural system that emits 3.98 t of C ha??1 and stores 198.90 t of C ha??1. The balance sheet reflects the need to know CO2 emissions to the atmosphere from soils and not just storages. Having scientific support from the ground to the atmosphere is an important step in decision-making that will contribute to climate change mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The eucalyptus is at the center of the Galician forest policy debate: While the ecologists defend their harmful characteristics to the environment, the forest owners claim their great economic benefits. In this article the legal perspective will be analyzed, with special incidence on the problems generated in the legislation in relation to it's possible qualification as a naturalized species or invasive species, regarding its environmental impact with a prominent mention of forest fires and on the tension between economic development and the environment, from a vision focused on the Galician Autonomous Community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study carried out an evaluation of the forestry compensations carried out within the framework of the project for the implementation of the Strategic Passenger Transport System (SETP) of the Municipality of Sincelejo, Colombia, in order to obtain a benchmark for their efficiency. Initially, the secondary information represented in the resolutions on forest harvesting permits and the reports on compliance with the aforementioned resolutions were collected. This information allowed to identify the number of plants and the places where they were planted. Subsequently, the existing trees of the forestry compensation products framed in the project taken as a reference of the study were inventoried and the total utilizable volume of them was estimated, resulting in 8.07 m3. This data was calculated from a total of 1,141 species from measures of useable height (Height boom) and Diameter to Height of Chest (DAP). Based on the number of existing trees, the impact generated by the evaluated forest clearances, as regards biomass production and CO2 capture, was concluded as positive.

Copyright of Terra Latinoamericana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aunque comparten, con el resto de los pueblos indígenas de América, una historia de despojo territorial similar desde la llegada de las empresas de conquista europeas, el pueblo mapuche presenta algunas especificidades que explican algunas diferencias fundamentales en sus proyectos políticos y en su visión de sociedad. Una de las más determinantes ha sido el largo periodo de autonomía de casi tres siglos del que este pueblo gozó, durante toda la colonia y hasta las primeras décadas de formación de los Estados de Chile y Argentina. De la memoria guardada en el seno de las reducciones mapuche, se rescatan las referencias culturales de una época rememorada como los siglos de esplendor de la sociedad mapuche, inspirando diversas propuestas que avanzan en el sentido de recuperar la soberanía perdida, tanto a nivel comunitario como nacional. Uno de estos proyectos corresponde a la recuperación productiva que la comunidad de Temulemu se encuentra realizando desde hace décadas en predios que les fueron usurpados desde fines del siglo XIX, siendo explotados en la actualidad dentro del modelo de agronegocio forestal. En este artículo ahondaremos en el proceso actual en que esta comunidad está abocada: la reconstrucción de su organización territorial tradicional, denominada lof, con la cual buscan restituir, junto con los elementos primordiales de su organización territorial antigua, la autonomía y la dignidad que como pueblo les había sido sistemáticamente negada, desde hace más de un siglo. Palabras claves: Mapuche; Forestal; Territorio; Autonomía. RECONSTRUCTION OF TRADITIONAL MAPUCHE LOF AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOCIAL AND PRODUCTIVE ORGANIZATION ABSTRACT Although they share, with the rest of the indigenous peoples of America, a similar history of territorial dispossession since the arrival of European conquest companies, the Mapuche people have some specificities that explain some fundamental differences into their political projects and their vision of society. One of the most crucial was the long period of autonomy this people enjoyed, for almost three centuries, throughout the colony and until the first decades of formation of the States of Chile and Argentina. The memory preserved by the denizens of the Mapuche reservations, allow to rescue the cultural references of a time recalled as centuries of splendor of the Mapuche society, inspiring several proposals which lead to a recovering of lost sovereignty, both at communal and national level. One such project corresponds to the productive recovery that Temulemu community has been developing for decades on lands that were usurped since the late nineteenth century, and are currently exploited within the forest agribusiness model. In this article we research into the present process in which this community is working: the reconstruction of their traditional territorial organization, called lof, which seek to restore along with the key elements of its old territorial organization, autonomy and dignity they had been systematically denied of for over a century. Keywords: Mapuche; Forest; Territory; Autonomy. A RECONSTRUÇÃO DA LOF TRADICIONAL MAPUCHE COMO ALTERNATIVA CONTRA-HEGEMÔNICA DE ORGANIZAÇÃO SOCIAL E PRODUTIVA RESUMO Apesar de partilhar com o resto dos povos indígenas da América uma história de expropriação territorial semelhante, desde a chegada das empresas europeias de conquista, o povo Mapuche apresenta algumas características específicas que explicam algumas diferenças fundamentais em seus projetos políticos e sua visão de sociedade. Uma dessas diferenças e o período mais decisivo foi a longa autonomia, de quase três séculos, do qual este povo gozou, que foi desde a Colônia até as primeiras décadas da formação dos Estados do Chile e da Argentina. Da memória guardada no seio das reduções do território Mapuche, resgatam-se as referências culturais de uma época lembrada como os séculos de esplendor da sociedade Mapuche, inspirando diversas propostas atuais que avançam no sentido de recuperar a soberania perdida, tanto a nível nacional quanto comunitário. Um desses projetos corresponde à recuperação produtiva na qual a comunidade Temulemu realiza há décadas em espaços que lhes foram usurpados desde o final do século XIX, atualmente explorados dentro do modelo do agronegócio florestal. Neste artigo aborda-se o processo atual no qual esta comunidade está evolvida: a reconstrução de sua organização territorial tradicional, chamada lof, com a qual busca restituir, juntamente com os elementos primários da sua antiga organização territorial, a autonomia e a dignidade que, enquanto povo tradicional, lhes foram sistematicamente negada, há mais de um século. Palavras-chave: Mapuche; Floresta; Território; Autonomia.

La generación de conocimientos, además de cumplir la función de responder a las interrogantes que el entorno le plantea al hombre, debe de reflejarse en el desarrollo de tecnologías que contribuyan a mejorar su calidad de vida, le den seguridad alimentaria y garanticen el manejo sustentable de los bienes y servicios que le proporcionan los diversos ecosistemas forestales. Asimismo, las innovaciones tecnológicas, una vez liberadas, pasan por un proceso previo a su adopción, el cual incluye su validación y su transferencia. Esta última, es de gran relevancia, pues de su buena ejecución depende, en gran medida, la incorporación de la tecnología a los procesos productivos de una comunidad.

LiDAR technology is a surveying method that illuminates a target with pulsed laser light and makes an accurate digital 3D representation. LiDAR is commonly used in a wide variety of surveying applications, such as geodesy, geomatics and forestry and it is also been employed nowadays to develop the control and navigation systems of autonomous cars. Thus, the aim of this paper is to explain how LiDAR technology works and how it is employed to improve forestry and geomatic surveys, explaining how the LiDAR measurement is performed and some processing steps to obtain high-resolution LiDAR-based maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Aliso Alnus acuminata Kunth is a forest species of the of the Colombian Andes associated with Kikuyu grass as silvopastoral system (SPS) and fixe atmospheric N. The SPS was compared with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1 year-1 at 30, 45 and 60 days on pasture quality, expressed as green forage (GF), dry matter (DM), percentage of crude protein (% CP) and N absorbed, also fluxes N2O emissions to the atmosphere were evaluated. The SPS exceeded to 0 and 50 kg.N.ha-1 in all variables, less in the N2O emission fluxes that was greater than 0 kg.N.ha-1 (P<0.05), equal to 50 kg.N.ha-1 (P>0.05) and in GF was similar to 100 kg.N.ha-1 (p>0.05). 150 and 200 kg.N.ha-1.year-1 exceeded all the variables to the SSP. A higher GF and DM was achieved at 45 days and %CP at 30 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La protección al medio ambiente constituye un punto esencial y fundamental de las agenda de los gobiernos hasta que la humanidad adquiera la conciencia de la necesidad de desarrollar las actividades económicas de forma tal, que degrade lo menos posible el medio, ya que todo lo que hagamos contra la naturaleza, a corto, mediano o largo plazo se reflejará en contra de nosotros mismos, para ello deben utilizarse adecuadamente los instrumentos jurídicos que se poseen al respecto, para de esta forma mitigar las infracciones y crear en la razón humana una cultura ambiental, logrando conductas de respeto y protección al entorno natural. Por tal razón haremos un análisis del marco jurídico vigente, los mecanismos de protección y las vías de solución de los posibles conflictos que su suscitan en el marco de la sociedad cubana actual y que requieren una actuación consciente del Estado y de la población en general.