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The escape room game is an example of digital game‐based learning that has become a popular learning tool in recent years. However, not enough is known about enthusiasm for and promising reports of the use of escape rooms in education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of escape room game‐based civics education on eighth grade students' learning motivation, critical thinking and flow experience. To explore the effects, a quasi‐experimental pretest–posttest with a control group design method was employed. The participants were 76 eighth grade students. The subjects were divided into two groups: the experimental group, which used an escape room game, and the control group which used the Google classroom digital platform. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups in favour of the experimental group in terms of learning motivation. There was a significant difference between the two groups' critical thinking in favour of the experimental group for the ‘assumption’ and ‘interpretation’ subscales of the critical thinking test. Regarding flow experience, the experimental group performed significantly better than the control group. Finally, based on the research results, suggestions are made for the future use of escape room games for teaching and for future research. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic Escape room games have substantial potential for enhancing learning, motivation and critical thinking. Studies promoting mental flow, integrating complex skills and using multiple strategies in a game context are limited. What this paper adds Students' mind flow experience and critical thinking were enhanced through escape room games. The escape room game made the learning process more varied, triggered students' interest, and improved their learning motivation. This study compared the effect of escape room game‐based learning with the Google Classroom platform, not the traditional teaching approach. Implications for practice and/or policy Escape room games offer learners innovative opportunities to develop critical thinking skills. Using an appropriately designed escape room as a game‐based learning environment is an effective and motivating game‐based learning approach. The realistic and interactive nature of escape room games is an important factor that influences learners' mind‐flow experiences. What is already known about this topic Escape room games have substantial potential for enhancing learning, motivation and critical thinking. Studies promoting mental flow, integrating complex skills and using multiple strategies in a game context are limited. What this paper adds Students' mind flow experience and critical thinking were enhanced through escape room games. The escape room game made the learning process more varied, triggered students' interest, and improved their learning motivation. This study compared the effect of escape room game‐based learning with the Google Classroom platform, not the traditional teaching approach. Implications for practice and/or policy Escape room games offer learners innovative opportunities to develop critical thinking skills. Using an appropriately designed escape room as a game‐based learning environment is an effective and motivating game‐based learning approach. The realistic and interactive nature of escape room games is an important factor that influences learners' mind‐flow experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile applications have become an indispensable marketing medium for tourism companies. Given that half of the users delete the applications soon after completing their transactions, it is vital to improving the application quality based on the users' expectations. Thus, drawing on the Stimulus–Organism–Response theory, this study investigates the determinants of customer citizenship behaviour related to mobile travel applications. It is a type of value co-creation behaviour, including sharing feedback with the company to help improving its service provision. The analysis results of 315 data collected from travel application users revealed that flow experience and customer engagement, which are affected by mobile application quality, are strong determinants of customer citizenship behaviour. Alongside with the discussion of the findings, the theoretical and managerial implications are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Previous literature has demonstrated that engagement in serious leisure (SL) is associated with subjective well-being among older adults, while the relationship between successful aging (SA) and SL remains unexplored. This study aims to investigated the association between SL, social support (SS), flow experience (FE), and SA. Methods: A total of 435 older adults participating in air volleyball events were included in this study. Results: The findings revealed that: (i) SL directly and positively influences on SS, FE, and SA; (ii) SS is positively related to FE, and FE is positively associated with older adults’SA; (iii) Both SS and FE fully mediate the relationship between SL and SA, with SS partially explaining this mediation through FE. Discussion: This study builds upon prior research in this field and highlights the significance of SL for the SA among older adults. Future studies should further explore the underlying mechanisms linking serious sport experiences to successful elderly life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online learning communities play a crucial role in delivering high-quality courses to a large number of learners. However, to maintain an economically sustainable and constantly evolving online learning ecosystem, it is essential to create a virtuous cycle from knowledge production to knowledge consumption by charging learners to incentivize course providers and to build and maintain online learning systems. This study examines online learners' willingness to pay for high-quality online courses and develops the FSEP model (Flow-Satisfaction-Expectancy-Purchasing). The model is based on the assumption that learners who have a good experience with a free course are more likely to purchase the paid version. The study employs an explanatory sequential mixed-method design. The quantitative results demonstrate that online learners' flow experience and satisfaction with the free course directly affect their expectations for paid courses, which in turn increase their intention to purchase. In particular, three full mediation effects clearly reveal the importance of the psychological paths identified in this study. The subsequent qualitative results further validate each hypothesis proposed in the FSEP model. This research advances our understanding of economically sustainable online learning ecosystems and also adds to existing knowledge of digital economies and the freemium model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared two virtual reality (VR) interaction modes and assessed differences in characteristics, namely usability, emotional responses, flow experience, technology acceptance, activity effectiveness, preference, and satisfaction, aiming to gain insights for proposing design suggestions. The two types of VR interaction examined were freeform creativity, which enabled users to autonomously explore and create using the Gravity Sketch drawing program, and goal-directed training, which involved structured task completion by using a VR dumbbell exercise program developed with Unity. This study involved 33 participants and revealed three key findings. First, both VR modes exhibited excellent results in terms of flow experience, technology acceptance, preference, and satisfaction and evoked strong positive emotions. They also demonstrated shared VR advantages, including overcoming screen constraints and facilitating three-dimensional spatial activities. Second, compared with goal-directed training, freeform creativity elicited greater levels of pleasure, evoked more intense emotional responses, and demonstrated superior performance across related indicators. Third, in terms of usability, goal-directed training surpassed freeform creativity, particularly in overall responsiveness, simplicity, and clarity of information presentation, and learnability, underscoring the importance of enhancing usability for complex tasks in VR application design. These findings offer valuable insights for crafting more appealing, practical, and user-friendly VR systems in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite numerous papers focusing on mindfulness at work, our knowledge about how flow experience and stress as indicators of optimal functioning and wellbeing at work evolve over time during the common mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program remains limited. Drawing from the transactional model of flow and stress, we argue that a build-up of mindfulness over the training duration not only leads to a decrease in stress but also an increase in flow experience. Thereby, we examine the moderating role of emotional exhaustion amplifying the beneficial effects of mindfulness. Methods: In a quasi-experimental study, 91 participants completed weekly questionnaires over the course of 8 weeks. Forty six participants in the experimental group took part in the MBSR program, while 45 participants were part of an inactive control group. Results: Mindfulness and flow showed a significant linear increase over time, whereas stress exhibited a linear decrease. Those who participated in the MBSR training reported an increase in mindfulness that positively and negatively predicted the trajectories of flow and stress, respectively. Emotional exhaustion amplified the effects of the trajectory of mindfulness on the trajectories of flow and stress. Discussion: These findings suggest that mindfulness can not only reduce stress but can also foster the autotelic experience of flow, especially for chronically depleted individuals. However, more research is necessary to replicate these results and address the limitations of the current study, including the quasiexperimental design, the use of self-report measures, as well as the dropout during the study period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Flow, defined as a heightened state of consciousness characterized by intense concentration during an activity, is influenced primarily by the perceived challenge and the dynamic equilibrium of skills. This investigation focuses on the patterns of flow state attainment and its elicitation mechanisms within the context of piano performance among Chinese music college students. Methods: Our study establishes a framework for accessing flow, utilizing quantitative data from music ontology to gauge the level of challenge and the level of music acquisition to assess skills. Additionally, we integrate external factors such as music culture heterogeneity and demographic variables to elucidate the causes and moderating effects of flow on piano performance. Results: The findings reveal a positive correlation between flow and performance, with the model of challenge and skill induction partially explaining these results. Notably, melodic Shannon Entropy emerges as a potential indicator of challenge, suggesting its relevance in future studies on flow. Discussion: This research provides multidimensional insights into the interplay between performance and flow in piano performance, guiding future investigations to explore the musical quantitative perspective more deeply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Abant Social Sciences / Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Journal of Abant Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This study intends to investigate the determinants of learners' continuance intention to use massive open online courses (MOOCs) for personal or professional development. Design/methodology/approach: This study employed quantitative research design. The respondents were individual learners from six selected universities in China who used MOOCs for continuous learning. A purposive sampling technique was employed to obtain 270 valid samples. Data were analyzed and analytical outputs were produced using the techniques of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling and Importance-Performance Matrix. Findings: Expectation confirmation was found to have a positive relationship with perceived usefulness, flow experience, learning self-efficacy and satisfaction with MOOCs. Perceived usefulness, flow experience and leaning self-efficacy were also found to have a positive relationship with MOOC satisfaction. In addition, perceived usefulness, flow experience, learning self-efficacy and MOOC satisfaction had a positive impact on continuance usage intention. Originality/value: The outcomes of the study can serve as a practical reference for MOOC providers and decision-makers to develop relevant strategies to increase the course completion rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual Reality (VR) technology has become a powerful tool for Second Language (L2) learning, but few studies have explored the factors influencing learners' experiences and intentions, particularly in developing countries like India. The purpose of the study is to reveal both the reception of VR technology for L2 learning in India and the factors that affect this reception process. The present study combines factors based on the Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory, Flow theory, Theory of Planned behavior (TPB), and Technology acceptance theory (TAM) to scrutinize the learners' experiences regarding the potential benefits virtual technology offers for language learning. The study used a quantitative research design along with descriptive and inferential statistics to validate the proposed model. Data collected from 200 learners via an online questionnaire was analysed using SPSS v26 to answer the research questions formulated regarding which factors influenced learners' behavioral intention to use VR technology. Based on the findings, it was concluded that service compatibility, observability, trialability, and spatial presence influenced learners' perceptions of relative ease and advantage of language learning and their flow experiences positively and significantly, while perceived service complexity influenced learners' perceptions negatively. Moreover, the behavioral intention to embrace VR technology was positively and significantly influenced by the learners' perceived relative advantage and flow experience. The implications of the results were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the impact of AI integration, specifically ChatGPT, on personalized learning involving 785 college students in the Philippines who took the online survey. Utilizing regression analysis and an Omnibus ANOVA test, the study examined the influence of AI Integration alongside demographic variables such as age, sex, educational level, and type of school on personalized learning. Results indicate that AI integration can explain a substantial portion of the variability in personalized learning outcomes (approximately 88.54%). Specifically, ChatGPT demonstrates a significant positive effect on personalized learning, suggesting that as ChatGPT integration increases, personalized learning experiences also increase. However, demographic variables such as age, sex, educational level, and type of school show minimal effects on personalized learning outcomes, except for a potential trend for higher scores in private universities and colleges compared to state universities and colleges. These findings underscore the pivotal role of AI technologies, like ChatGPT, in enhancing personalized learning experiences while highlighting the need for further exploration of contextual factors influencing educational outcomes. The implications extend beyond the study to offer insights for educational stakeholders and policymakers, emphasizing the potential benefits of AI-driven personalized learning initiatives. However, limitations such as sample characteristics, measurement bias, and technology accessibility should be addressed in future research endeavors to maximize the benefits of AI integration in education.

E-commerce live streaming has experienced a significant and rapid increase in recent years, establishing itself as a vital catalyst for the growth of the e-commerce business. This research delves into the influence of e-commerce live streaming attributes, namely, authenticity, interactivity, and entertainment, on consumers' purchase intentions. It is based on the Stimulus‒Organism‒Response (SOR) theory and focuses on customer flow experience and hedonic shopping value. To evaluate the study model, the authors gathered survey data from 360 live streaming e-commerce customers and used structural equation modeling. The results indicate that client purchase intentions in e-commerce live streaming are positively influenced by authenticity, interactivity, and entertainment. Authenticity, entertainment, and interaction all contribute to enhancing consumers' flow experience in e-commerce live streaming, with interactivity being the most influential factor. The phenomenon of flow experience has a beneficial impact on the purchasing intentions of clients engaged in e-commerce live streaming. The flow experience serves as an intermediary between the characteristics of e-commerce live streaming and consumers' intentions to make purchases. Hedonic shopping value affects the relationship between the flow experience and the customer's intention to make a purchase. Put simply, when customers have a strong perception of the pleasure they derive from shopping, their intention to make purchases becomes more profound when they are influenced by the state of flow. This study not only contributes to the body of knowledge regarding the correlation between the attributes of e-commerce live streaming and consumer receptiveness, but it also provides businesses and platforms that utilize e-commerce live streaming with actionable recommendations. By improving the content design of live streaming features in e-commerce, customer engagement and immersion are significantly enhanced, establishing a foundation for increasing consumer purchase intention. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-03-018 Full Text: PDF

ÖZ:Bu çalışmanın amacı, marka-benlik uyumunun, Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu (FOMO) ve sosyal medya sadakati üzerindeki etkisini; FOMO’nun sosyal medya sadakati üzerindeki etkisinde akış deneyiminin aracılık rolünü incelemektir. Çalışma, kullanıcıların sosyal medya sadakatinin oluşma sürecini marka-benlik uyumu, FOMO ve akış deneyimi kavramlarıyla birlikte aydınlatmaya yönelik tanımlayıcı ve nicel bir çalışmadır. Çalışmada, 322 sosyal medya kullanıcısından çevrim içi anket yöntemi ile veri toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın hipotezleri, SPSS AMOS Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi yöntemi ile test edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler neticesinde, marka-benlik uyumunun tüketicilerin FOMO düzeyini ve sosyal medya sadakatini olumlu yönde etkilediği, FOMO’nun sosyal medya sadakati üzerinde doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak olumlu etkileri olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca FOMO’nun sosyal medya sadakati üzerindeki etkisinde akış deneyiminin kısmi aracılık etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, uygulayıcılara tüketiciler ile ilişkilerini marka-benlik uyumu çerçevesinde kurup, deneyim sürecini ise akış deneyimine uygun tasarladıklarında kullanacakları FOMO stratejilerinin daha sürdürülebilir bir hale gelebileceği yönünde katkılar sunmaktadır. Çalışma, sosyal medya sadakatinin oluşma sürecini marka-benlik uyumu, FOMO ve akış deneyimi kavramlarını kullanarak kurgulayan ilk çalışma olması ile literatüre anlamlı katkılar sağlamaktadır. ABSTRACT:The aim of this study is to examine the effect of brand-self congruence on Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) and social media loyalty; to examine the effect of FOMO on social media loyalty with the mediating role of flow experience. The study is an descriptive and quantitative study aimed at demystifying the social media loyalty process of users with concepts of brand-self congruence, FOMO and flow experience. In the study, data were collected from 322 social media users by online survey method. The hypotheses of the study were tested with the SPSS AMOS Structural Equation Modeling method. As a result of the analyzes made, brand self congruence has a positive effect on consumers’ FOMO level and social media loyalty, and FOMO has direct and indirect positive effects on social media loyalty. It was also concluded that, flow experience has a partial mediation role on the effect of FOMO on social media loyalty. The results of the study contribute to the notion that when practitioners establish their relationships with consumers within the framework of brand-self Congruence and design the experiential process according to Flow Experience, the FOMO strategies they employ can become more sustainable. The study makes significant contributions to the literature by being the first to conceptualize the formation process of social media loyalty using the concepts of brand-self Congruence, FOMO, and flow experience.

With outstanding advantages in virtuality, immersion, connectivity, and openness, the application of the Metaverse in the development of intangible cultural heritage has demonstrated great potential to enhance Gen-Zers’ participation intention, but the effect and its mechanism remain unclear. This study constructs a theoretical model based on the stimuli-organism-response (SOR) theory, the DeLone and McLean model of information system (IS) success (D&M) model, and flow theory, and conducts an empirical study using a structural equation model and regression analysis based on questionnaire survey data in China to uncover whether and how Metaverse application exerts its impact. Results show that Metaverse application can enhance Gen-Zers’ participation intention in the communication of intangible cultural heritage, and their mechanism follows a chain path of “stimulus-state-response” under the joint action of “technology-individual-environment” in which Metaverse application is the key stimulus factor, flow experience is the mediator, and self-efficacy and subjective norm are moderators. The findings can offer new insights for research on Metaverse application from the perspectives of consequences and effects and can also provide practical implications for Metaverse application as well as the development and communication of intangible cultural heritage.

Fenxia Huang Basic Education College, Putian University, Putian, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Fenxia Huang, Email fenxiahuang@163.comObjective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between trait mindfulness, flow experience, learning engagement, and depression among elementary pre-service teachers.Methods: We employed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Flow Experience Scale, Learning Engagement Scale, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to assess 614 elementary pre-service teachers.Results: Trait mindfulness in elementary pre-service teachers negatively predicts depression. Trait mindfulness indirectly impacts depression through flow experience and learning engagement. Furthermore, flow experience and learning engagement serve as mediating factors in the relationship between trait mindfulness and depression among elementary pre-service teachers.Conclusion: Flow experience and learning engagement play a mediating role in the relationship between trait mindfulness and depression among elementary pre-service teachers. This study enriches our understanding of depression cognitive theory, emphasizing the positive influence of internal resources on depression prevention. Additionally, it provides a deeper explanation of the mechanism through which trait mindfulness affects depression, offering valuable insights for future depression intervention programs.Keywords: elementary pre-service teachers, trait mindfulness, flow experience, learning engagement, depression

Introduction: Through nature-based leisure activities, spending time in nature offers opportunities to reduce stress, relax the mind, and enhance feelings of well-being. Being aware of the benefits provided by these activities increases the nature relatedness, and during the time spent in nature, it enables experiencing positive and satisfying moments by entering into a state of flow. The concepts of nature-relatedness and flow experience represent psychological experiences and characteristics that play an important role in enhancing psychological wellbeing and life quality. Methods: Based on structural equation models, the relationships among naturerelatedness, flow experience, and environmental behaviors were investigated. Data were collected from 379 individuals (212 male, 167 female) who regularly engage in nature-based leisure activities such as cycling, hiking, and fishing. The participants were predominantly male (55.9%) and aged 45 years and over (53.3%). Results: The nature-relatedness significantly influences flow experience (R² = 0.505, p < 0.01), environmental behavior (R² = 0.108, p < 0.01), environmental sensitivity (R² = 0.137, p < 0.01), and communication with nature (R² = 0.200, p < 0.01). Specifically, nature-relatedness directly enhanced environmental sensitivity (0.494 total effect), environmental behavior (0.604 total effect), and communication with nature (0.599 total effect) and did so both directly and indirectly through the mediation of flow experience. Discussion: A higher level of nature-relatedness can lead to a stronger flow experience, which in turn can increase positive. environmental behavior, environmental sensitivity, and communication with nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Existing research has linked individuals' flow experience – a positive affective and cognitive state of deep immersion and engagement in daily activities – and their well‐being, particularly among university students. A growing number of longitudinal studies have further contributed to this understanding. However, limited attention has been given to exploring the dynamic interplay between these two variables and their underlying mechanisms (i.e., the mediator) of psychological resilience, specifically among university students in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Aims: To address this research gap, the present study draws on self‐determination, flow and broaden‐and‐build theories. It examines the temporal dynamics and relationships between flow experience and well‐being, and the mediating role of psychological resilience among Chinese university students. Sample: The study adopts a three‐wave longitudinal design with a sample of 474 university students in Southwest China. Methods: Participants' flow experience, well‐being and psychological resilience were measured across three time waves. Results: The findings of this study reveal that flow experience predicts well‐being across the three waves and that psychological resilience mediates this prediction. This empirical evidence emphasizes the significance of both flow experience and psychological resilience in contributing to the well‐being of university students over time amid COVID‐19. Conclusions: These findings enrich our understanding of the factors contributing to well‐being in educational settings and provide highly relevant and timely insights for developing strategies to foster well‐being among university students, especially in the transition into the post‐pandemic era; findings also offer valuable insights not only for researchers but also for educators and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short video platforms have problems with increased competition and low advertising conversion rates. Although social presence is closely related to consumer engagement, research regarding the impact of social presence on consumer engagement in short video-embedded advertisements is sparse. We developed a theoretical model, namely a social presence–flow experience–advertising avoidance–advertising engagement model, and explored the mechanism underlying advertising engagement from a psychological and behavioral perspective. The analysis of 563 short video users revealed that the model exhibited excellent explanatory power for advertising engagement (R2 = 41.3%). Social presence can increase consumers' advertising engagement by enhancing flow experience and reducing advertising avoidance. Meanwhile, the flow experience, by diminishing advertising avoidance, generates a serial mediation effect between social presence and advertising engagement. This study emphasizes social presence's applicability and influence mechanism in short video-embedded advertisements, a unidirectional information delivery. It provides new theoretical perspectives and practical advice for relevant practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the leisure involvement, flow experience, and life satisfaction levels of fitness center members according to the gender and physical activity participation frequency variables. At the same time, the correlations between leisure involvement, flow experience and life satisfaction were identified. The research included a total of 309 fitness center members comprising 147 women and 162 men. Participants responded to the Leisure Involvement Scale, Recreational Flow Experience Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Analysis of data used descriptive statistics, t test, ANOVA, MANOVA, correlation and regression tests. According to physical activity participation frequency, the leisure involvement subdimensions, flow experience and life satisfaction mean scores were identified to differ at significant levels (p<0.05). For the variables with significant difference identified, fitness center members participating in weekly physical activity more often had higher mean scores compared to others. Correlation analysis results found significant and positive levels of correlation between leisure involvement, flow experience and life satisfaction mean scores (p<0.05). According to the results of regression analysis, leisure involvement was a significant predictor of flow experience and life satisfaction. In conclusion, individuals participating in physical activity more frequently had an increase in leisure involvement levels, along with increases in flow experience and life satisfaction levels. Based on this, leisure involvement played a determinative role in the flow experience and life satisfaction levels of fitness center members who are regularly physically active. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flow experience in recreational flights not only can have positive psychological effects and individual satisfaction, but recollection and storytelling of this experience can be considered a marketing tool for tourism destinations. This study aims to examine the influence of experience gained from recreational flights on behavioural intentions of flight site users and the mediating role of satisfaction، recollection and storytelling. Employing a quantitative approach and gathering data from 279 respondents at two prominent recreational flight sites in Iran, the analysis conducted through Partial Least Squares (PLS) discovered a significant impact of flow experience on satisfaction, recollection, storytelling, and behavioural intention. Moreover, it was found that satisfaction, recollection, and storytelling mediate the connection between flow experience and behavioural intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Background Method Results Conclusions Flow, a psychological state of intense engagement in and enjoyment of an activity, can arise during both solitary and socially interactive experiences. In the literature, whereas people high in extraversion have difficulty achieving flow in solitude, those with an autotelic personality—a combination of traits that make people prone to flow—readily experience flow in both solitary and interactive conditions. In this pre‐registered experiment, we investigated whether autotelic personality mitigates the negative association between solitary flow and extraversion.Participants and their romantic partners (final N = 368) played the game Perfection™ in three conditions (order was counterbalanced): alone (solitary condition), in the presence of their partner without interaction (mere‐presence condition), and collaboratively (interactive condition).There were independent, positive main effects of extraversion and autotelic personality on flow experience in mere‐presence and interactive conditions. However, the positive effect of extraversion on solitary flow was only significant among participants with high (vs. low) autotelic personality. In all conditions, flow experience was associated with greater low‐arousal positive affect and lesser high‐arousal negative affect.The findings shed light on the role of personality in promoting solitary flow experiences, and particularly how traits might interact to determine optimal and non‐optimal conditions for achieving flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has provided evidence supporting a positive correlation between emotional intelligence (EI) and flow. However, intriguing findings in the liquor manufacturing industry prompt me to consider the necessity of examining the effects of leader-subordinate EI congruence on flow. Therefore, this article begins with two questions: First, what is the impact of leader-subordinate EI congruence on flow? Second, do two distinct congruent scenarios (i.e., high-high and low-low) exhibit significant nuances that differentially influence flow? To answer these questions, this study utilizes polynomial regression and three-dimensional response surface analysis methods. A multi-source and three-phase investigation method was used to collect data from 279 subordinates and 56 leaders in the liquor manufacturing industry. Based on the person-environment (PE) fit theory, this study investigates the influence of leader-subordinate EI congruence on flow while considering leader-member exchange (LMX) as a mediator in these processes. The current study not only demonstrates a positive relationship between leader-subordinate EI congruence and LMX, but also reveals that a high-high EI matching pattern can enhance the favorable dynamics of congruence and yield higher LMX compared to a low-low matching pattern. Furthermore, this study identifies LMX as a mediator in the positive relationship between leader-subordinate EI congruence and flow. Additionally, although the incongruent scenarios are beyond the scope of this study, the findings demonstrate that a high EI subordinate paired with a low EI leader has a more detrimental impact on the LMX than a low EI subordinate paired with a high EI leader. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Playing a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) is no longer just a personal hobby, and the genre has evolved into a forum that encourages continual interaction among its users. To determine the motivation behind the user's participation of MMORPG, we suggest social comparison and self-expansion theories. Specifically, this study proposes a research model that comprehensively identifies the effects of psychological motives (social comparison motive and belongingness) and immersive gaming behaviors (social presence and flow experience) on behavioral factors (continuous play intention and loyalty). We analyzed 274 valid survey questionnaire responses. Our findings contribute to a growing body of literature that identifies the motives of users to play MMORPGs by applying social comparison and self-expansion theories to understand the factors that influence people to play MMORPGs. Furthermore, the study's results have practical implications for game developers, suggesting that they should develop content strategically to attract users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the affordances of "scan and go" apps and their influence on the flow experience of retail customers to provide a unique insight into user–technology interaction. Through a constructivist ethnographic approach, the research examines how users' socially constructed perceptions and interpretations shape these interactions, and it emphasizes the role of the material and social environment. The research innovatively conceptualizes affordances as a flow process; it introduces an affordances flow funnel that encompasses three distinct stages: perceived affordances, actualized affordances, and affordance dichotomy. By following this process, the study improves understanding of user emotions and behaviors that range from apathy to excitement, from gratification to provocation, and from abandonment to absorption. Findings underline the importance of equipping users with support to navigate technological and environmental constraints, thereby ensuring successful affordance actualization. The research contributes to the literature by revealing a new affordance type, namely affordance dichotomy, and offers valuable insights for marketers and developers to enhance user experiences and absorption behavior. Recognizing its focus on scan and go apps within supermarket contexts, the study invites future research to extend this understanding to different contexts and technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Travel & Hospitality Management / Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi is the property of SIMEDYA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of online games is to enjoy, and several teenagers find this type of online activity to be very enjoyable. Studies show that those with online gaming issues are more likely to display violent, depressed, and anxious behaviors. The primary cause of those disorders is their inability to control and control their own emotions, including their aggression, depression, stress, and other emotional states. This study quantitatively examines the effect of online game exercise interaction sustainability on flow experience, enhancing players' flow experience by using online game exercise interaction as an explanatory variable. Even detrimental outcomes like bond slave, isolation, and indifference may result from the flow experience. For analysis, this study uses both quantitative research and a questionnaire. However, the length of online games had an inverted U-shaped modulator effect on how much flow experience was influenced by game interaction. Playing video games for an excessive amount of time can diminish the efficiency of game interaction and possibly have psychological effects including Internet bond slave, loneliness, and carelessness. The research summarizes the psychological factors influenced due to online games. The policy implications of this finding are that while acknowledging the positive impact of online game exercise interaction on traffic experience. The research focuses on the moderating effect of game duration and controlling gaming time to avoid the negative impact of online games on adolescents' psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite convincing evidence suggesting that organizations benefit from employees' flow states, when and how work flow experience generates negative effects remain largely understudied. By integrating the spillover-crossover model and perseverative cognition theory, we established a model to explain how flow experience induces employees' positive rumination after work (i.e., problem-solving pondering), which ultimately results in work-family conflict. We proposed that mindfulness acts as a buffer factor in this process but further elucidated that work-family segmentation preference serves as a boundary that may alter or even completely reverse the original effects of mindfulness. Our experience sampling method yielded 1425 data points from 186 employees and their family members across 10 workdays in China, and multilevel analyses supported our propositions. We identified the mediating role of problem-solving pondering in transmitting the effects of flow to work-family conflict. Additionally, we confirmed the three-way interaction effect among mindfulness, segmentation preference, and flow. Specifically, the harmful effect of flow is assuaged when segmentation preference and mindfulness are both high. However, flow experience causes severe work-family conflict when mindfulness is high and segmentation preference is low. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated students' flow states and attitudinal beliefs in a social media-mediated e-commerce entrepreneurship education (EE) context that mediates the entrepreneurial intention-behavior relationship by a structural equation model using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the flow theory. This study collected questionnaire data from students to examine the conceptual model. Such learning environments enhanced students' perceived behavioral control, increased their flow experience, improved attitudes toward social media-assisted entrepreneurial learning, and facilitated the intentions, which led to learning behavior performance achievement in a digital economy. Notably, the flow and attitudes constructs mediated the linkage between students' perceived entrepreneurial feasibility and the intention-behavior relationship in the social media-assisting EE context. This study contributed to theory by emphasizing the importance of digital entrepreneurial learning in facilitating prospective entrepreneurs' TPB cognitions, by identifying the mediation effects of learners' flow and attitudes on the intention-behavior relationship, and by adding the flow concept into the TPB to understand the mechanism through which EE influences students' exploratory behavior. The findings highlighted EE practices in computer-mediated environments that facilitate students' active and meaningful learning for flow experience and attitude enhancement, which likely increases their entrepreneurial intentions and behavior in a digital business environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines mobile commerce continuance intention based on integrating expectation-confirmation and tasktechnology models and incorporating flow experience and user adaptation perspectives in an emerging context of Vietnam. The dataset (n = 519) of face-to-face responses from mobile commerce consumers utilizing convenience and snowball sampling techniques was examined employing the partial least squares structural equation modeling SmartPLS4.0. The findings confirm that confirmation, perceived usefulness, and satisfaction are all positively related to continuance intention. Additionally, the findings show that while task-technology fit affects perceived usefulness and user adaptation, it does not directly predict satisfaction. Furthermore, the study indicates that flow and task-technology fit impact continuance intention. Remarkably, this study is the first to unveil the significant moderating effect of flow on the relationship between adaptation and continuation intention. The study offers insightful implications for firms to retain customers effectively by boosting the factors forming continuance intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital commerce is being raised to a new level by the growing Metaverse cosmos. Business tycoons are attempting to establish a presence in the metaverse, highlighting its possibilities for e-marketing, virtual commerce, banking, and social engagement. As a result, many well-known organizations and companies are entering into the metaverse. The elements affecting customers' behaviors in the metaverse, however, are not well understood. Our proposed study model was theoretically underpinned by the Stimulus Organism Response (S-O-R) concept. We proposed two stimuli factors (technological and spatial) and two factors of organismic experience (telepresence and flow experience) to account for consumers' metaverse shopping intentions. With the help of structural equation modeling, we examined the data from 317 respondents. According to the findings, telepresence is significantly influenced favorably by interaction and vividness. Consumers' flow experiences which eventually improve their intent to shop in the metaverse are significantly influenced by perceived similarity and competence. This study is one of the few that added to the body of knowledge on the metaverse while providing useful advice for tech firms and other businesses, in general, to take advantage of the metaverse's prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the domain of dark tourism, storytelling serves a dual purpose: it preserves and interprets cultural and historical significance while providing a context that shapes tourists' experiences. Flow experience is characterized as the optimal state of tourist engagement, deepening the connection between tourists and the content presented at dark tourism destinations. The notion of national identity sheds light on the interplay between tourists' personal identities and dark tourism destinations, shaping their perception of such experiences. Within the framework of this study, four salient attributes of storytelling in dark tourism were highlighted: emotionality, uniqueness, descriptiveness, and educability. Subsequently, the interconnections among dark tourism storytelling, behavioral intention, flow experience, and national identity were explored using structural equation modeling. Empirical results underscored the pronounced influence of dark tourism storytelling on tourists' behavioral intentions. Additionally, this research elucidated both the mediating role of flow experience and the moderating role of national identity in this relationship. These findings significantly enriched the theoretical comprehension of dark tourism and storytelling, offering valuable insights for management strategies in dark tourism destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to establish a fully 3D modeled immersive virtual reality (IVR) system for primary school students learning about plants and evaluate teachers' perceptions of the usage of the system and pupils' flow experiences and learning attitudes. There were 5 teachers with expertise in science and IVR experience who were first interviewed to understand their consideration of the limitations of teaching about plants in the classroom. The framework and script of the learning content for the IVR system, as well as the user interface and function were then comprehensively described. Another 10 teachers were invited to evaluate the appropriateness of the system for fifth-grade students to learn about plants. These teachers generally expressed positive attitudes towards exploiting the IVR system for their teaching. Moreover, there were 37 fifth-grade students contributed to the evaluation of the system. The results indicated that the IVR system was capable of offering the pupils perceptions of antecedences to achieve flow such as task challenge, clear goal, instant feedback, well control, and playability, and aroused their flow experiences, particularly regarding autotelic experience and concentration. This study also verified the relationships between the pupils' flow experiences and learning attitudes. The crucial roles of flow perceptions including playability, challenge, and autotelic experience in the pupils' learning attitudes were further identified. According to the results of the evaluation from the teachers' and students' perspectives, several practical and academic implications of this study are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes and tests a theoretical model of how two types of stressors (challenge and hindrance stressors) elicit perseverative cognition processes in individuals (as characterized by two types of work-related rumination), and how, through this mechanism, these stressors can further affect individuals' flow experience at work. Our model is largely supported by structural equation modeling analyses of a longitudinal questionnaire-based survey (n = 344). We find that challenge stressors have a significant, positive, direct impact on the experience of flow. Additionally, both challenge and hindrance stressors simultaneously activate problem-solving pondering and affective rumination in employees; affective rumination inhibits flow, while problem-solving pondering promotes flow. The results of a bootstrap sampling analysis further indicate the presence of the masking and mediating effects of work-related rumination in the effects of these stressors on flow experience. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of brand-self congruence on Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) and social media loyalty; to examine the effect of FOMO on social media loyalty with the mediating role of flow experience. The study is an descriptive and quantitative study aimed at demystifying the social media loyalty process of users with concepts of brand-self congruence, FOMO and flow experience. In the study, data were collected from 322 social media users by online survey method. The hypotheses of the study were tested with the SPSS AMOS Structural Equation Modeling method. As a result of the analyzes made, brand self congruence has a positive effect on consumers' FOMO level and social media loyalty, and FOMO has direct and indirect positive effects on social media loyalty. It was also concluded that, flow experience has a partial mediation role on the effect of FOMO on social media loyalty. The results of the study contribute to the notion that when practitioners establish their relationships with consumers within the framework of brand-self Congruence and design the experiential process according to Flow Experience, the FOMO strategies they employ can become more sustainable. The study makes significant contributions to the literature by being the first to conceptualize the formation process of social media loyalty using the concepts of brand-self Congruence, FOMO, and flow experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the impact of two characteristics of streamers--expertise and entertainment--on viewers' purchase intention and follow intention in live-streaming e-commerce, with a specific focus on viewers' trust and flow experience as two mediators and viewers' optimal stimulation level as a moderator. We implemented a methodological approach where participants were randomly directed to enter a live broadcast room and watch a 10-min live session before engaging in a structured questionnaire. 399 valid questionnaires were collected from the participants. These 399 valid questionnaires were subsequently utilized to validate the research model using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results suggest that streamer expertise and entertainment enhance viewers' trust and flow experience, which then leads to an increase in their intention to make a purchase and continue following the streamer. Furthermore, the viewers' optimal stimulation level acts as a moderator in the connections between streamer characteristics and viewers' trust and flow experience, suggesting that individual differences among consumers affect how they respond to streamer characteristics. From the dual perspectives of the streamer and the viewer, this study provides a more comprehensive theoretical perspective on customer behavior in live streaming commerce by not only focusing on consumers' short-term, transactional behavior inclinations but also long-term, relational behavior intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article aims to explore an integrative model of authenticity, perceived value, flow experience, satisfaction, and destination loyalty based on the S-O-R theory framework. The proposed model was empirically tested in a field study with 358 respondents participating in the Xinguochao Hanfu festival held at a historical street in Changsha, China. The results indicate that there is a significant influence of authenticity on perceived value, but non-significant impacts on flow experience, and perceived value, flow experience and satisfaction are important antecedents in predicting destination loyalty in cultural heritage tourism. The current study contributes to analyzing the loyalty of cultural heritage tourist destinations and has insightful implications, which can be applied to other heritage tourism management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the correlation between psychological capital and music performance anxiety among Chinese college students majoring in music. Additionally, the study evaluated the chain mediating effects of self-esteem and flow experience.MethodsThree hundred twenty-nine college students pursuing a music major from institutions in Eastern China participated in the study. They were asked to complete the Psychological Capital, Self-Esteem, Flow Experience, and Music Performance Anxiety Scales. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were performed, and sophisticated mediation models were created.ResultsThe results suggest that self-esteem and flow experience play a role in connecting psychological capital and music performance anxiety. Moreover, the ultimate model elucidates significant connections linking psychological capital to self-esteem and flow experience in music performance anxiety.ConclusionThis study offers useful insights for future interventions aimed at mitigating music performance anxiety through the cultivation of students’ psychological capital, self-esteem, and flow experiences.

IntroductionDespite numerous papers focusing on mindfulness at work, our knowledge about how flow experience and stress as indicators of optimal functioning and wellbeing at work evolve over time during the common mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program remains limited. Drawing from the transactional model of flow and stress, we argue that a build-up of mindfulness over the training duration not only leads to a decrease in stress but also an increase in flow experience. Thereby, we examine the moderating role of emotional exhaustion amplifying the beneficial effects of mindfulness.MethodsIn a quasi-experimental study, 91 participants completed weekly questionnaires over the course of 8 weeks. Forty six participants in the experimental group took part in the MBSR program, while 45 participants were part of an inactive control group.ResultsMindfulness and flow showed a significant linear increase over time, whereas stress exhibited a linear decrease. Those who participated in the MBSR training reported an increase in mindfulness that positively and negatively predicted the trajectories of flow and stress, respectively. Emotional exhaustion amplified the effects of the trajectory of mindfulness on the trajectories of flow and stress.DiscussionThese findings suggest that mindfulness can not only reduce stress but can also foster the autotelic experience of flow, especially for chronically depleted individuals. However, more research is necessary to replicate these results and address the limitations of the current study, including the quasi-experimental design, the use of self-report measures, as well as the dropout during the study period.