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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Citriculture has developed a lot, bringing with it the development of orange processing industries, however, the generation of waste in this industrial activity is high. The objective was to evaluate the tolerance of Psidium guajava in soil contaminated with copper and the addition of orange bagasse. The experiment was conducted from 01/2021 to 09/2021, and the treatments consisted of 3 proportions of bagasse incorporated into the soil, and contaminated with different concentrations of copper, and transplanted seedlings. Dry mass, copper content in compost and tissues, copper accumulated in tissues and translocation index were determined. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme. Copper contamination promoted increases in the total copper contents of the compost, and the proportion of 50% of residue showed higher values. Copper interfered with the development of seedlings, reducing the dry mass, and increasing the levels of copper accumulated in the plants. The proportions of 25 and 50% of residue promoted reductions in the levels of accumulated copper in the roots and total, and in the shoot, the proportion of 25% of residue promoted an increase in the levels of accumulated copper in comparison to the others. The translocation index reduced with the increase of copper in the compost and presented lower values in the proportion of 0% of residue. The addition of 50% of residue and the concentrations of 200 and 400 mg Cu.Kg-1 promoted reductions in the quality of the seedlings, verified through decreases in dry mass, in addition, through the translocation index, Psidium guajava did not show any if a viable plant for phytoremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O desregulador endócrino 17α-etinilestradiol (EE2), presente nos anticoncepcionais femininos, após consumido é eliminado pela urina e vai para o efluente. Os sistemas convencionais de tratamento não conseguem removê-lo de forma adequada e são então dispostos nos corpos receptores, onde são capazes de mimetizar, antagonizar ou alterar de forma negativa os níveis de esteroides de vários organismos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial do uso do solo vegetado com bambu barriga de Buda (Bambusa tuldoides cv. ventricosa) para a remoção do EE2 do efluente. Para tanto, foram aplicados 760 mL de efluente sanitário contendo concentrações de 2 mg.L-1; 2,5 mg.L-1; 3 mg.L-1 e 3,5 mg.L-1 de EE2, em vasos plásticos de 10 litros de capacidade volumétrica, plantados com o bambu. O líquido drenado de cada vaso foi coletado, medido e submetido a análise de determinação da concentração de EE2. Calcularam-se as eficiências de remoção da quantidade absoluta de EE2 (concentração vezes volume) e compararam-se os tratamentos. A eficiência na remoção de EE2 foi de 80,22%; 87,44%; 89,65% e 95,33%, respectivamente, para o efluente aplicado nas concentrações de 2 mg/L; 2,5 mg.L-1; 3 mg.L-1 e 3,5 mg.L-1 de EE2. A eficiência de remoção do EE2 pelo solo vegetado com bambu cresceu com a concentração de hormônio aplicada, sendo parte deste hormônio absorvido pela planta, devido a capacidade do EE2 mimetizar outros hormônios, e outra parte adsorvida no solo que atuou como filtro.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that may bring about harmful pollution of water and soil. Phytoremediation involving elements beneficial for plant development is a strategy to alleviate this problem. Silicon (Si) has shown potential in neutralizing biotic and abiotic stresses in plants, especially those caused by heavy metals. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether Si could mitigate the effects of Cd toxicity on growth, photosynthetic activity, and oxidative stress in seedlings of Enterolobium contortisiliquum. The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design with four replications. In addition to a control treatment, the following amounts of Cd, Si, and combinations were added to the complete nutrient solution: 1.5 mM Si; 3.0 mM Si; 1.5 mM Si + 100 µM Cd; 3.0 mM Si + 100 µM Cd; 100 µM Cd. Each sampling unit consisted of a tray containing 16 plants. Silicon concentrations of 1.5 and 3.0 Si mM were adequate to mitigate the effects of cadmium toxicity on Enterolobium contortisiliquum seedlings. The results showed that Si promoted photosynthetic activity, increased total chlorophyll, and decreased shoot lipid peroxidation in the presence of Cd. Furthermore, the lack of significant differences in shoot and root dry weight among treatments and low peroxidation content in roots suggest that E. contortisiliquum is tolerant to cadmium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O lixiviado de aterro sanitário possui uma elevada concentração de compostos orgânicos recalcitrantes, de nitrogênio amoniacal, de salinidade e uma baixa concentração de fósforo, um fator limitante para o crescimento de microalgas. A fim de aumentar a eficiência de remoção de nutrientes, a pesquisa realizou uma combinação do lixiviado com o esgoto doméstico por meio de 3 operações em bateladas, num período de 20 dias cada. Foram definidas três misturas de esgoto e lixiviado, de 50% / 50% (M1), 70% / 30% (M2) e 90% / 10% (M3), respectivamente. E, como inóculo, um cultivo de microalgas de um efluente de bovinocultura. Foram realizadas análises de nitrogênio amoniacal, fósforo solúvel, SSV, clorofila a e pH. Foi avaliado que M3 apresentou uma remoção de nitrogênio amoniacal e fósforo solúvel em um intervalo menor do que as demais, e ainda um maior crescimento de clorofila a, isso devido a sua menor limitação de fósforo, decorrente da alta concentração de esgoto e à ausência de inibidores.

Copyright of Inventum. Ingenieria, Tecnologia e Investigacion is the property of Corporacion Universitaria Minuto de Dios and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal considered one of the major soil pollutants. Phytoremediation is a sustainable and economically viable biological method for reducing Pb content in the environment. Inga uruguensis is a tree legume species that has characteristics favorable to phytoremediation, such as rapid growth and high biomass production. The objective of this work was an initial evaluation of tolerance and phytoremediation potential of I. uruguensis to Pb. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. In addition to the control, soil contamination was carried out with the following Pb doses: 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg.dm?, with 5 repetitions in each treatment, totaling 30 vases. We assessed growth, number and mass of nodules, chlorophyll content, ureids, amino acid, protein and soluble carbohydrates in leaves, roots and nodules, tolerance index, dry matter, and tissues Pb content of I. uruguensis. The data were analyzed by the Tukey test using R and SISVAR software. There was no negative effect of Pb in soil on I. uruguensis growth, the symbiotic relationship with rhizobia was kept, even at high Pb content and the tolerance index was not lower than 0.69. Inga uruguensis has initial tolerance and potential to be used as phytoremediation in soils contaminated by Pb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Um dos principais metais explorados no mundo é o cobre (Cu), um elemento nativo, que dificilmente é encontrado puro na natureza. A lavra e beneficiamento do cobre geram debates ambientais devido à formação de agentes poluidores nas áreas de concentração, fundição e refino, além dos impactos negativos na vegetação e topografia da área minerada. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o desempenho morfométrico inicial do ipê-branco (Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sandwith) em substrato composto por rejeito de mineração de cobre e percentuais crescentes de matéria orgânica, bem como, avaliar seu potencial fitorremediador e o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, onde se coletou dados morfométricos dos tratamentos referentes à altura, diâmetro do caule e número de folhas da espécie vegetal que posteriormente foram submetidos à análise estatística e ao IQD, além dos cálculos relacionados ao índice e fator de translocação do cobre na planta e sua capacidade fitoextratora. A fitomassa compartimentalizada em raízes e parte aérea foi coletada, colocada em estufa, moída e enviada ao laboratório para as devidas avaliações do metal cobre nos compartimentos da espécie vegetal, além da avaliação química do substrato. Concluiu-se que o ipê-branco possui potencial fitoestabilizador do elemento cobre proveniente de rejeito de mineração, bem como atingiu um IQD satisfatório no tratamento composto por 90% de rejeito de mineração e 10% de matéria orgânica.

O ne of the main metals explored in the world is copper (Cu), a native element, which is rarely found pure in nature. The mining and processing of copper generates environmental debates due to the generation of polluting agents in the areas of concentration, smelting and refining, in addition to the negative impacts imposed on the vegetation and topography of the mined area. The study aimed to investigate the initial morphometric performance of the white ipe (Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sandwith) in a substrate composed of copper mining tailings and increasing percentages of organic matter, evaluate its phytoremediator potential and the Dickson's Quality Index (IQD). The experimental design was the entirely randomized one. Morphometric data of the treatment were collected regarding height, stem diameter and number of leaves of the plant species where they were later submitted to statistical and IQD analysis, in addition to calculations related to the index and translocation factor of copper in the plant and its phytoextracting capacity. The phytomass compartmentalized in roots and aerial part was collected, placed in a drying oven, ground and sent to the laboratory for the proper evaluation of the copper metal in the compartments of the plant species, in addition to the chemical evaluation of the substrate. It was concluded that white ipe has the potential to phytostabilize the copper element coming from mining tailings, as well as achieving a satisfactory IQD in treatment composed of 90% of mining tailings and 10% of organic matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the common contaminants, usually found in areas of landfill or old trash dumps, is slurry: a liquid residue with dark color and strong odor, originated from the degradation of organic matter. In some cases, heavy metals are found in its composition, besides other types of substances that cause direct contamination of the soil and close or underground water bodies. The purpose of this work was to verify the efficiency of Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash.) in the process of phytoremediation in tropical soils contaminated with slurry from solid waste degradation. Laboratory tests were conducted to detect the efficiency of Vetiver in treating this contaminated soil and how much it is able to absorb the contaminating substances. Zinc parameters were analyzed in samples of roots, foliage, the soil used for the planting of Vetiver seedlings and the liquid resulting from the leaching process. Contaminated and decontaminated samples were used to obtain a comparison between the results, which were also analyzed by statistical methods. After 45 days, the Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash.) was proven effective in the treatment of contaminated soil, especially in the removal of the heavy metal Zinc. However, considering that this effluent is a complex material, with a highly diversified composition, new evaluations using Vetiver grass must be established in order to better elucidate the use of this element in the treatment of leachate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish farm ponds generate organic matter (OM) composed mainly of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) which are usually released by the effluent without prior treatment to the receiving water body. To obtain the environmental license, the effluents generated by the aquaculture activity must comply with the recommendations contained in the legislation. In the State of São Paulo, the State Decree 62.243 of November 1, 2016 the rules and procedures for environmental licensing of São Paulo aquaculture are available, promoting actions to strengthen and encourage São Paulo aquaculture. In view of the need to regularize aquaculture enterprises, economically and environmentally viable technologies may become options for producers to regularize their activity. Artificial Floating Islands (AFIs) are alternative technology for the treatment of fish farming effluents and their efficiency in nutrient retention has been demonstrated. The present study discusses the role of this AFIs in relation to the adequacy of tilapia farming effluent of environmental legislation. For this purpose, six nurseries for fattening Nile tilapia with and without AFIs were used in this research. The results showed that among the variables analyzed, the phosphorous levels did not reach concentrations to adapt the current environmental legislation, that is, lower than 50 Îg L-1. The application of good management practices with better feed conversion and flow control can reduce the overload of this element on the system and thus allow better efficiency of nutrient retention by the AFIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study uses the experimental research by phytoremediation technique, with the use of Canavalia ensiformis as a soil phytoremediation contaminated by slag, the analysis was done in five treatments under different doses of the contaminant (0, 32, 64, 128 and 256 grams). The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the means compared by 5% Tukey test. It can be concluded that the plant growth pattern was affected by the contaminant and the treatment 02 showed further development of the branch and biomass production compared to the others, and the Treatment 04 had lower branch growth rate followed by lower production biomass compared to other witnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geochimica Brasiliensis is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Geoquimica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ambiente e Água is the property of Revista Ambiente e Agua and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Uma das técnicas alternativas que minimizam o efeito de herbicidas de longo período residual consiste no cultivo de espécies vegetais que se associam a microbiota do solo, acelerando a degradação do agrotóxico no ambiente. Assim, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o impacto do herbicida sulfentrazone sobre a atividade e a biomassa microbiana em solo com e sem cultivo de Canavalia ensiformis, como espécie remediadora. Amostras de solo foram coletadas em um experimento de campo onde os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 2x2 (aplicação ou não do sulfentrazone associados ou não ao cultivo de C. ensiformis), em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As datas de coleta das amostras de solo foram 15 e 70 dias após o plantio da espécie remediadora. Em laboratório, avaliou-se o carbono do CO2 (C-CO2) liberado, o carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM) e foi calculado o quociente metabólico (qCO2). Com o cultivo de C. ensiformis, nas amostras de solo tratadas ou não com herbicida ocorreram oscilações nos valores do C-CO2 liberado e do CBM. Todavia, o qCO2 foi menor nos tratamentos com aplicação do sulfentrazone e com o cultivo da planta remediadora, indicando que cultivar C. ensiformis em áreas contaminadas com sulfentrazone reduz o efeito prejudicial sobre a atividade biológica do solo, proporcionando aumentos dos valores do CBM e proporcionando um equilíbrio do sistema.

O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a ação de três espécies de plantas aquáticas denominadas de Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes e Salvinia auriculata na remoção das frações de N e P disponíveis do efluente de um sistema de tratamento de esgoto sanitário doméstico, do distrito de Montalvão, em Presidente Prudente/SP. Os tratamentos foram caracterizados da seguinte forma: (T1) = efluente sem a presença de plantas; (T2) = efluente com Eichhornia crassipes; (T3) = efluente com Pistia stratiotes; (T4) = efluente com Salvinia auriculata, seguindo o delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, em parcelas subdivididas, com cinco repetições. Analisaram-se a concentração de NH4+, NO3- e P disponíveis do efluente e seus teores no tecido vegetal. Houve remoção de NH4+ e de P pelas plantas aquáticas em relação ao tratamento testemunha; as taxas de remoção do NH4+ do efluente foram diferenciadas entre as espécies e entre os ciclos de avaliação mensal; a Eichhornia crassipes apresentou maior eficiência na remoção do P do efluente no decorrer de todos os ciclos de avaliação mensal; a Salvinia auriculata apresentou maior teor de NH4+ e P no tecido.

This study aimed to evaluate the tolerance to salt stress through the characterization of the influence of salinity on plant growth, nutrient concentration and distribution in seedlings of Amburana acreana ((Ducke) A. C. Smith). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments and sixteen repetitions. The seedlings were grown on the substrate Plantmax® and, when reached 15 cm in height, were transplanted to PVC pipes filled with sand. After, they were submitted to a complete nutritive solution for adaptation during 15 days, with renewal of the solution every five days. Then, they were submitted to the treatments: complete, complete + 5 mL of NaCl, complete + 15 mL of NaCl, complete + 20 mL of NaCl, complete + 35 mL of NaCl. After 90 days, height, diameter and symptoms of toxicity were verified. The seedlings were dried, weighed and milled for analysis of macro and micronutrients. The conclusion was that the growth of A. acreana seedlings was limited with salinity increase, which also affected negatively the concentration of, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn, making it difficult to distribute P and K on the aerial part of A. acreana seedlings.

Phytoremediation is an alternative technique used to treat copper-contaminated soils. The objective of this research was to explore the behavior of nine summer cover crops regarding the growth, absorption and translocation of copper in soils with contamination levels exceeding the Value of Prevention, with a view to selecting plants for phytoremediation programs. In the experiments the Cambisol was contaminated with copper, added in doses of 0, 100, 200, 400, 500 and 600mg kg-1, in which the following nine plants were cultivated under greenhouse conditions: Canavalia ensiformis, Cajanus cajan, Dolichos lablad, Mucuna cinereum, Mucuna aterrima, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria spectabilis, Pennisetum glaucum and Paspalum notatum. At 90 days after sowing the plants were evaluated for dry mass of shoot and root, Cu, N, P, K, Ca, Zn, and Fe levels in the shoot and Cu in the roots. High soil Cu levels induced a decline in the phosphorus absorption by the plants. Canavalia ensiformis displayed high potential for phytoextraction as these plants could translocate high copper concentrations to the aerial plant parts, while the Mucuna cinereum and M. aterrima are indicated for the copper phytostabilization programs, due to the high copper accumulation in their root systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Typha domingensis (cattail) is a native macrophyte known by its capacity to tolerate several heavy metals effects and the potential use for phytoremediation. However, in despite that cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic pollutants; its effects in T. domingensis biology remain uninvestigated. Thus, the objective of this study was to study the tolerance of T. domingensis to cadmium contamination by evaluating its growth, Cd uptake, leaf anatomy and gas exchange. The experiment was designed using three cadmium concentrations (0, 10 and 50 µM) and ten replicates for 90 days. The cadmium uptake, growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll content and leaf anatomy were evaluated. Data was submitted to ANOVA and Scott-Knott test for P

A introdução de produtos nocivos no ambiente tem ocasionado situações de risco a saúde humana e ambiental. O presente artigo define as principais técnicas de fitorremediação e sua relação com a remediação de contaminantes orgânicos e inorgânicos. Os mecanismos utilizados nestes processos utilizam as bases teóricas das técnicas biológicas in-site, que estão sendo amplamente estudadas devido à sua eficiência e baixo custo quando comparadas com as técnicas de remediação tradicionais. Pesquisas na área de fitorremediação têm sido direcionadas para remediação de contaminantes específicos e situações especiais onde as técnicas podem ser implantadas. Este estudo descreve as técnicas de fitorremediação e os contaminantes específicos para os quais são apropriadas. A fitodegradação, fitoestabilização, fitoextração, rizofiltração e a rizodegradação apresentam-se como novas alternativas estratégicas para a revitalização de áreas contaminadas, otimizando os custos de implantação e monitoramento e direcionando as técnicas de forma a amenizar alterações nas condições ambientais locais.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the action of three species of aquatic plants called Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia auriculata in the removal of available N and P fractions from the effluent of a domestic sewage treatment system in the district of Montalvão, in Presidente Prudente/SP. The treatments were characterized in: (T1) = effluent without the presence of plants; (T2) = effluent with Eichhornia crassipes; (T3) = effluent with Pistia stratiotes; (T4) = effluent with Salvinia auriculata, following the completely randomized design, with four treatments, in subdivided plots, with five replications. The available NH4+, NO3- and P concentrations of the effluent and their contents in the plant tissue (roots, bulbs and leaves) were analyzed. There was removal of NH4+ and P by aquatic plants in relation to the control treatment; the NH4+ removal rates of the effluent were differentiated between the species and between the monthly evaluation cycles; the Eichhornia crassipes presented greater efficiency in the removal of P from the effluent during all the monthly evaluation cycles; Salvinia auriculata presented higher levels of NH4+ and P in the tissue (roots, bulbs and leaves). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wastewater treatment systems for domestic effluents have high efficiency for reducing solids concentrations, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and other organic compounds, however, are deficient for removal some nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Aquatic plants can be used in wastewater treatment, especially with regard to the post-treatment of effluents, in order to removal nutrients and other parameters not previously remedied. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of post-treatment wastewater by aquatic macrophyte Spirodela polyrhiza. To this purpose, 250 liters of post-treated wastewater were placed in a polyethylene reactor operating in batch for 42 days. Effluent samples were performed due to the hydraulic retention time (HRT), every 7 days. In effluent were evaluated the following parameters: dissolved oxygen (DO); temperature; pH; turbidity; total solids, fixed solids and volatile solids; COD; total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations. The results were satisfactory, observing maximum efficiency for removal of turbidity, N, P and COD of 99%, 100%, 100% and 88% respectively. It was observed that the plant senescence process might have been responsible for changes in turbidity and DO parameters. The macrophyte proved to be a great option for posttreatment of domestic sewage, as it requires for its development high levels of nutrients, thus assimilating these nutrients from the environment to which they belong. More studies are needed, as in Brazil Spirodela polyrhiza is still poorly studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequent or misuse of pesticides can result in contamination of the soil, water and food. To avoid such contamination the present study evaluated the potential of Melissa officinalis in soil phytoremediation containing a mixture of commercial pesticides Aminol and Herbipropanin (2,4-D and propanil). Soil samples (250.0 g) were spiked with three concentrations of the mixture of the commercial pesticides (0.1612 g kg-1 + 0.072 g kg-1; 0.0806 g kg-1 + 0.0403 g kg-1; 0.036 g kg-1 + 0.018 g kg-1, of Aminol and Herbipropanin respectively) where the seedlings were planted. Successive samplings that soil (10.0g) were conducted to carry out the extraction of these compounds with organic solvents (methanol / ethyl acetate 50:50 v/v) to be analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array to assessing whether the compounds had decreased by the use of the plant. The results showed a decrease in the plant cultivated with compounds for 20 days of cultivation. This study showed that Melissa officinalis cultivation can be a fast, effective and low-cost strategy for phytoremediation of soils contaminated by 2,4-D herbicides and propanil, and also promising in the remediation of the metabolite 3,4-DCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the global level, the problems of pollution in both soils and water and air are mainly due to anthropogenic activities; which include the extraction of natural resources, in this particular case of hydrocarbons. The environmental impact that is generated in Colombia due to this situation include the contamination of water sources, fauna and flora deteriodadas or drastic changes in the landscape. Therefore, government entities such as the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development and the National Agency for Licenses EnvironmentalANLA, have developed various strategies of control in order to reduce the impact on the environment. The objetive of this article is to elaborate a synthesis with information about soil and water pollution by hydrocarbons and evaluate phytoremediation as a biotechnology strategy for recovery. It was found that the main source of pollution in soil and water is mainly due to accidental spills during the exploration, extraction, transportation of hydrocarbons; with regard to the recovery, in recent times, there has arisen a phytoremediation as an effective technique to reduce environmental damage in addition to be aesthetically pleasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acacia mangium and Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia are fast-growing woody fabaceous species that might be suitable for phytoremediation of arsenic (As)-contaminated sites. To date, few studies on their tolerance to As toxicity have been published. Therefore, this study assessed As toxicity symptoms in A. mangium and M. caesalpiniaefolia seedlings under As stress in a greenhouse. Seedlings of Acacia mangium and M. caesalpiniaefolia were grown for 120 d in an Oxisol-sand mixture with 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1 As, in four replications in four randomized blocks. The plants were assessed for visible toxicity symptoms, dry matter production, shoot/root ratio, root anatomy and As uptake. Analyses of variance and regression showed that the growth of A. mangium and M. caesalpiniaefolia was severely hindered by As, with a reduction in dry matter production of more than 80 % at the highest As rate. The root/shoot ratio increased with increasing As rates. At a rate of 400 mg kg-1 As, whitish chlorosis appeared on Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia seedlings. The root anatomy of both species was altered, resulting in cell collapse, death of root buds and accumulation of phenolic compounds. Arsenic concentration was several times greater in roots than in shoots, with more than 150 and 350 mg kg-1 in M. caesalpiniaefolia and A. mangium roots, respectively. These species could be suitable for phytostabilization of As-contaminated sites, but growth-stimulating measures should be used.

A fitoestimulação é uma das técnicas de fitorremediação que pode ser utilizada para a redução da concentração dos herbicidas no solo. Para tanto é necessário a seleção de plantas que estimulem a atividade dos microrganismos degradadores da rizosfera. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a biodegradação de cinco doses do herbicida composto pela mistura formulada de imazetapir+imazapique (75 + 25 g e.a. L-1) em solo rizosférico proveniente de seis espécies vegetais com potencial para a fitoestimulação. A biodegradação do herbicida nas doses de 0, 250, 500, 1.000 e 4.000mL ha-1 no solo rizosférico de Canavalia ensiformis, Glycine max, Lolium multiflorum, Lotus corniculatus, Stizolobium aterrimum, Vicia sativa e no solo sem cultivo foi avaliada através da quantificação da produção de C-CO2 do solo e da degradação do herbicida no solo por cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massa. A produção de C-CO2 do solo após a contaminação com a mistura de imazetapir+imazapique foi maior nos solos rizosféricos das seis espécies vegetais se comparado ao solo não cultivado. O solo rizosférico de Stizolobium aterrimum apresentou a maior degradação do herbicida imazetapir nas maiores doses avaliadas, sendo uma espécie promissora para a fitoestimulação.

A capacidade das plantas em tolerar e absorver quantidades elevadas de metais pesados é usada como uma tecnologia promissora para limpeza de resíduos perigosos em ambientes altamente contaminados. O desempenho da macrófita L. aequinoctialis em absorver metais pesados foi estudado durante sua floração em dois períodos de amostragem diferentes. As amostras de L. aequinoctialis e água foram coletadas por 800 horas em intervalos de 48 horas. A quantidade de Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, Mn, Zn e Fe presente na L. aequinoctialis e água foram determinados por espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama (FAAS). Os resultados foram avaliados pelas técnicas de estatística de componentes principais (PCA), análise de agrupamento hierárquico (HCA) e boxplot. Os resultados mostram que a rizofiltração da L. aequinoctialis remove altas quantidades de metais pesados na seguinte ordem Cr > Ni > Cu > Fe > Zn > Mn. No entanto, observou-se que mudanças significativas na composição química, pH e condutividade elétrica da água alteram a capacidade de absorção da L. aequinoctialis.Plant ability for tolerating and accumulating high amount of heavy metal is used as a promissory technology for removing contaminants from highly polluted environments. The ability of the macrophyte L. aequinoctialis to remove heavy metal was studied in two different sampling times during its flowering. Samples of plant tissue L. aequinoctialis and water were collected for 800 hours at 48 hour intervals. Concentrations of Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, Mn, Zn, and Fe present in L. aequinoctialis and water were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Data were subjected to the techniques of principal components analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and boxplot. We found that rhizofiltration of L. aequinoctialis removes high amount of heavy metal in this order: Cr >Ni>Cu> Fe > Zn >Mn. Only significant changes in chemical composition of the water, pH and electrical conductivity alter the absorption capacity of L. aequinoctialis.