Search

The architectural heritage is one of the structural elements of the nation with an enormous energy potential for spiritual development and national consciousness in the multitude of nations, and ethnic groups in the world; as well as an anchor in the wave of change generated by the globalization process. A major impediment to safeguarding the pact is the lack of financial means. The protection and maintenance of architectural monuments were and are expensive. In this research, the authors set out to examine the experience of different countries on how to finance rehabilitation, restoration, conservation, maintenance and/or revitalization of built heritage. Economic aspects of heritage safeguarding applied in the Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Turkey, the USA are examined. Economic and financial measures for safeguarding heritage are identified at the country, municipality (locality) and object level. The state of the existing built heritage in the municipality is analyzed. Chisinau, the capital of the Republic of Moldova, has the economic situation and the existing potential within the current legal framework. The correlation between the state of the object, the type of intervention required and the potential, sources, and financing modalities are highlighted. The opportunities and impediments to the implementation of economic and financial measures to safeguard the heritage in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova are assessed.

Japan has long suffered from intermittent but devastating natural disasters. Over the years, the country has developed a comprehensive disaster risk management (DRM) system to ensure that disaster response and recovery are as effective and efficient as possible. Japan has also created an elaborate system to provide social and economic assistance to disaster victims, including the most vulnerable. Today, Japan isa model of how the DRM and Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) systems can function in the context of rapid onset disasters, which, though infrequent, often have severe consequences. Japan is ranked fourth among the 171 countries most exposed to natural disasters (Bundnis Entwicklung Hilft 2017). Until the 1950s, such disasters frequently led to thousands of deaths. Since then, however, the number of deaths from these events has decreased markedly due to the improvement of the country’s DRM system. Nevertheless, mega-scale disasters, especially the ‘Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster’ in 1995 and the ‘Great East Japan Earthquake’ and tsunami in 2011, have still resulted in significant damage and loss of life. Given the high probability that a large-scale disaster could occur soon, Japan has continuously made efforts to further develop disaster risk mitigation and preparedness measures, often in response to a specific disaster for which aspects of the existing systems were found wanting.

of the scientific publication "Fostering Energy Efficiency Investments at an Early Stage: A Standardized Toolbox" presented at the 7th International Conference on "Energy, Sustainability and Climate Change" (ESCC 2020), 24 - 27 August 2020, Skiathos, Greece.

Zaradi demografskih in družbenih sprememb ter hkrati zaradi omejevanja javne porabe zaradi finančne krize, ki je prizadela Evropo po letu 2008, se (javni) sistemi zdravstvenega varstva v mnogih državah na svetu soočajo z velikimi finančnimi negotovostmi, ki imajo pomemben vpliv na doseženo raven dostopnosti in kakovost zdravstvenih storitev (Sklepi Sveta o skupnih vrednotah in načelih zdravstvenih sistemov Evropske unije, 2006). Številni sistemi ne uspejo zajeziti rasti stroškov, finančni pritiski pa vse bolj otežujejo zagotavljanje socialnega in zdravstvenega varstva v posameznih državah v Evropi in izven njenih meja (EK, 2011). V Sloveniji se že od nastopa globalne ekonomske krize soočamo z velikimi negotovostmi ne zgolj na področju finančne vzdržnosti sistema zdravstvenega varstva, temveč tudi na drugih področjih družbenega delovanja in razvoja. Kriza je razkrila številne strukturne pomanjkljivosti v državi, pogoste odmike je zaslediti v obstoječi regulativi, z vidika finančne vzdržnosti javnih sistemov in obstoja sistema blaginje pa je vse prej kot ugodna tudi demografska struktura in napovedi za prihodnost. V nalogi smo predstavili trenutno stanje in gibanje trendov posameznih postavk, ki so neposredno povezane z zagotavljanjem zadostnih in stabilnih virov financiranja sistema zdravstvenega varstva (javni in zasebni viri financiranja, davki in socialni prispevki) ter v okviru le-teh proučili obseg solidarnosti in socialne pravičnosti. Na osnovi teoretičnih spoznanj, primerjalnih podatkov, kvalitativne analize in matematičnih izračunov smo v zaključnem delu naloge ocenili vpliv trenutne ureditve na izbrane kazalnike solidarnosti in socialne pravičnosti (to so univerzalen dostop, progresivnost in proporcionalnost, pokritost za osnovno košarico pravic, stopnja delitve stroškov različnih družbenih skupin v sistemu obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja, višina premije pri dopolnilnem zdravstvenem zavarovanju, delež neposrednih plačil iz žepa) ter nakazali možnosti nadaljnjega razvoja. Financiranje sistema zdravstvenega varstva v Sloveniji ni pravično in vpliva na zmanjšanje načela solidarnosti. Breme financiranja sistema prevzema predvsem aktivna populacija, obstoječa ureditev ob predpostavki demografskih sprememb pa tudi ne zagotavlja finančne vzdržnosti sistema na dolgi rok. Kljub trenutnim fiskalnim omejitvam, je nujno potrebno pretehtati javne prihodke in znotraj le-teh iskati stabilne vire za financiranje sistema zdravstvenega varstva, ki bodo zadostili predvsem zdravstvenim potrebam prebivalstva kot tudi številnim drugim zahtevam v sistemu in izven njega. Da bi zagotovili solidarnost in socialno pravičnost na ravni zbiranja sredstev za financiranje sistema zdravstvenega varstva so potrebne usklajene politike na vseh ključnih področjih družbenega delovanja in razvoja kot tudi usklajeno delovanje vseh ključnih funkcij znotraj sistema zdravstvenega varstva, ki so medsebojno povezane in soodvisne. Dostopnost do učinkovitih zdravstvenih storitev in zaščita pred zdravstvenimi in/ali dohodkovnimi šoki se lahko uresničuje zgolj s sodelovanjem in podporo, skrbno načrtovanimi procesi in aktivnostmi, visoko pokritostjo za definiran obseg storitev (standard, obseg in cene zdravstvenih storitev bi morale biti regulirane) ter transparentno in odgovorno rabo sredstev na vseh nivojih delovanja (razdelitev sredstev glede na dejanski obseg opravljenih storitev z upoštevanjem nagrajevanja za kakovostno opravljeno delo). Zgolj na tak način lahko spodbujamo enakost in pravičnost v sistemu ter izboljšujemo kakovost življenja prebivalcev in prebivalk, ki je pomemben dejavnik blaginje in osrednji cilj družbenega razvoja. of public budget restrictions following the financial crisis that has affected Europe in 2008, (public) healthcare systems in numerous countries around the globe are facing considerable financial uncertainties, which has a significant impact on the achieved level of availability, scope, and quality of healthcare services (Council Conclusions on Common values and principles in European Union Health Systems, 2006). Various systems are struggling to contain cost growth, while financial pressures make it increasingly challenging to ensure social security and healthcare provision in individual states of the EU and beyond (EC, 2011). Since the onset of the global economic crisis, Slovenia has been facing increased instabilities, not only in terms of financial sustainability of the healthcare system but also in other areas of social organisation and development. The crisis has uncovered many structural weaknesses in the country, in existing regulations there are frequent deviations, while in terms of financial sustainability of public systems and of the welfare system, the demographic structure and the predictions for the future are also proving to be less than favourable. The thesis presents the current state and the development of trends of individual items that are directly connected to the provision of sufficient and stable sources of healthcare funding (public and private funding sources, taxes, and social contributions) and, further, examines the scope of solidarity and social fairness in this context. Based on theoretical insights, comparative data, qualitative analysis, and mathematical calculations, the concluding part of the thesis assesses the impact of the current arrangement on selected indicators of solidarity and social fairness (namely, universal access to healthcare, progressivity and proportionality, basket of basic healthcare rights, the cost-sharing rate between different social groups in the compulsory health insurance system, premium levels in supplementary health insurance, rate of direct, out-of-pocket payments) and identifies potential prospects for future development. Healthcare funding in Slovenia is not fair and adversely impacts the principle of solidarity. Considering the demographic and social changes, this threat to the principle of solidarity, which is already becoming the new reality, is expected to continue to grow in the following years. Nevertheless, in current circumstances of fiscal restraint, there is an urgent need for a re-examination of public revenue to find stable resources of financing the (public) healthcare system that will meet healthcare needs of the population as well as respond to numerous other demands in and outside of the system. In order to ensure solidarity and social justice on the level of collecting funds for the healthcare system, we need consistent and coordinated policies in all key areas of social organisation and development as well as coordinated action of all key functions within the healthcare system. This is the only way to build the welfare system, encourage equality and justice within the system, and improve the quality of life for all, which is a major determinant of welfare and the main goal of social development.

[Resumo] Este traballo é un intento por analizar a breve e recente historia da Universidade de Vigo, (1990-2015), empezando por factores contextuais das décadas anteriores que favorecen o nacemento da institución, para entrar de seguido na evolución da vida universitaria, agrupando os temas en cinco áreas: aspectos organizativos e de goberno democrático da universidade; campus, centros, titulacións, docencia e alumnado; profesorado e investigación; financiamento; Servizos á Comunidade, P.A.S. e extensión universitaria (Cultura, deporte, proxección social, normalización lingüística, servizos a estudantes e comunidade en xeral). O proceso de democratización consistiu nun alto nivel de participación da comunidade universitaria, tanto no feito de dotarse dunha normativa de funcionamento, como nas decisións de xestión, incluída a elección dos sucesivos órganos unipersoais e colexiados de goberno. Os tres campus que integran a Universidade fóronse configurando coa transformación de centros e titulacións transferidos pola USC, así como coa creación doutros novos, que supuxeron un incremento constante de estudantes nos anos noventa, ata a cifra tope de mais de 30 000 no fin do século, e unha redución de títulos de primeiro e segundo ciclo nos últimos anos, dentro do proceso de aplicación das normas derivadas do EEES, compensado pola creación de novos estudos de posgrao e doutoramento. O número de estudantes tamén se reduciu pois o tamaño dos grupos nestes novos estudos é mais reducido. O cadro de profesorado practicamente triplicouse neste tempo, cun proceso de formación de doutores intenso e non exento de atrancos. Ademais das teses, a produción investigadora e de transferencia, de moitos grupos consolidades é salientable, especialmente en ámbitos da ciencia e da tecnoloxía. Todos estes esforzos nun marco orzamentario que poucas veces supuña unha aposta decidida por crear un Sistema Universitario Público Galego e de Calidade. Situación agravada nos últimos anos no escenario dunha política de recortes, que xera unha situación deficitaria no soporte da docencia e investigación. Ao longo dos 25 anos a Universidade foise dotando de servizos básicos de apoio á docencia, a investigación e á proxección social da universidade,engadindo áreas recentes como a Igualdade ou o Medio Ambiente para completar o cadro de servizos clásicos [Abstract] This article analyzes the brief and recent history of the University of Vigo, (1990- 2015), starting with contextual factors from previous decades which gave rise to the birth of the institution. It goes on to discuss the evolution of university life with the main themes being grouped into five areas: aspects related to organization and the democratic governance of the university; the campus, centers, degree programs, education and student body; faculty and research; financing; Community Services, Administrative and Services Staff and extension courses (Culture, sports, social projection, linguistic standardization, students and the community in general). The democratization process had a high level of participation from the university community, in terms of both creating operational regulations and making management decisions, including the election of the successive governing bodies and officers. The three campuses that make up the University were established upon the transformation of the centers and degree programs transferred by the University of Santiago de Compostela, in addition to the creation of other new centers. This represented a continued increase in students in the 1990s, reaching a maximum number of over 30 000 at the end of the century. Also noteworthy was the decrease in the number of associate and undergraduate degrees awarded in the last few years, owing to the application of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), which has been compensated for by the creation of new postgraduate or doctoral degrees. The number of students also dropped owing to the fact that the groups in these new study programs were smaller in size. The teaching staff nearly tripled in this time period, with an increase in doctoral programs which had their share of problems. In addition to dissertations, also of interest are research and knowledge transfer activities of many notable, well-established groups, especially in the fields of science and technology. All of these efforts were carried out in a budget framework that seldom led to a determined commitment to create a Quality Public University System in Galicia. A situation aggravated in recent years by government cutbacks, which has made for a tight situation in terms of support available to education and research. Over the course of its 25 years of history, the University has been provisioned with the basic services to support teaching, research and the social projection of the university, with the recent addition of areas such as Equality and Environment to complete the list of general services.

of the scientific publication "Fostering Energy Efficiency Investments at an Early Stage: A Standardized Toolbox" presented at the7th International Conference on "Energy, Sustainability and Climate Change" (ESCC 2020),24 - 27 August 2020, Skiathos, Greece.

of the scientific publication "Fostering Energy Efficiency Investments at an Early Stage: A Standardized Toolbox" presented at the 7th International Conference on "Energy, Sustainability and Climate Change" (ESCC 2020), 24 - 27 August 2020, Skiathos, Greece.