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The National Conference on Propaganda, Ideological and Cultural Work was held in Beijing on October 7th and 8th, 2023. The conference conveyed the important instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping on propaganda, ideological and cultural work, and officially proposed and systematically elaborated on Xi Jinping's cultural thought. This significant meeting, convened by the Party Central Committee in the new journey of national rejuvenation and strong nation-building, underscores the imperative to comprehend and implement the spirit of the conference. It emphasizes the profound study and implementation of Xi Jinping's cultural thought in all aspects and processes of cultural construction. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee, with ComradeXi Jinping at its core, has shown foresight and set directions, accurately grasping the trends of ideological and cultural exchanges worldwide and deep shifts in societal thoughts in China in the new era. From a strategic height of governing the country, the Committee has consistently prioritized propaganda, ideological, and cultural work, proposing a series of new ideas, viewpoints, and judgments around the guiding principles, objectives, responsibilities, and values of cultural construction in the new era, thereby forming Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture. This paper systematically discusses the background, core essence, and practical pathways of this innovative theory of the Party, aiming to provide references for advancing the construction of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics and building a modern civilization for the Chinese nation. The study posits that Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture represents a rich development of Marxist cultural perspective, marking a new height in the innovative development of Marxism in the context of Chinese modernization with its original theoretical contributions. It continues the Party's century-long cultural endeavors, innovating while adhering to the Party's hundred-year theory and practice in cultural work. The thought integrates numerous original cultural theories of the new era, achieving a systematic integration of the cultural deployments in this period. It stands as a milestone in the history of human civilization thought and the history of Chinese propaganda and ideological culture, serving as a distinct flag leading global developmental trends and advancing human civilization. Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture profoundly addresses fundamental questions in our national cultural construction in the new era, such as the principles to uphold, the path to follow, the objectives to achieve, and the strategies to employ. It elaborates on the Party's position, objectives, responsibilities, and practical requirements in propaganda, ideological, and cultural endeavors, thus anchoring the strategic focus of cultural construction in the new era. This provides an ideological weapon and action guide for better upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. To excel in propaganda, ideological, and cultural work in the new era, unwavering adherence to the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture is essential. Specifically, this involves maintaining the guiding role of Marxism in the ideological sphere, continually exploring new realms of Marxism; embracing the spirit of struggle to proactively advance propaganda, ideological, and cultural work in the new era; and steadfastly pursuing the path of cultural development under socialism with Chinese characteristics. Only by doing so can the common ideological foundation of the united struggle of the entire Party and people of all ethnicities nationwide be effectively consolidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the Hispanic female population, and it carries a great psychological impact. Acceptance and personal learning derived from the individual's life experiences and understanding of their emotional state has been suggested as an adaptive profile toward the patient's perception of the disease. This study aims to explore which psychological variables are related to breast cancer patients' perception of their quality of life. A cross-sectional, correlational, and non-probabilistic study was performed on 113 women diagnosed with stage 1–3 breast cancer in Mexico and Spain, based on self-reporting through the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire. Recruitment was conducted from March 2015 to April 2018. Through multiple regression analysis, the study found that fighting spirit and positive affect explained 34.2% of quality of life variance F (2, 110) = 30.14, p <.005 of participants. The results support the need to contemplate the importance of positive psychological variables for a multidisciplinary approach to women diagnosed with breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The mental adjustment to a breast cancer diagnosis is traumatic and stressful, with wide-ranging differences in the responses observed in Indian women. We investigated the association between demographic features and perceived social support during the adjustment of patients to breast cancer.Methods: A total of 393 patients with breast cancer were included in the study. The patients were evaluated for mental adjustment to cancer and perceived social support on the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale and Multidimensional Scale of perceived social support. Regression analysis and bivariate correlation were performed to discern significant demographic features and social support in association with the adjustment to having breast cancer.Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that mental adjustment factors accounted for 43% of the variance in fighting spirit and 41% of the variance in helplessness/hopelessness. The results of the multiple regression analysis suggested that age (t = -10.27, P < 0.000) and marital status (t = 3.03, P < 0.000) were predictive of patients' fighting spirit. Age was inversely (t = 9.81, P < 0.01) associated with fighting spirit, whereas family income (t = -3.82, P < 0.000) was inversely predictive of helplessness/hopelessness. Social support from significant others was predictive of a patient's fighting spirit and fatalism mental adjustment, while support from friends was predictive of helplessness/hopelessness.Conclusion: Demographic factors such as young age and high education are associated with good mental adjustment to breast cancer. Perceived support from significant others may fulfill the need for the socioemotional aspects of patient support that lead to the adjustment to a breast cancer diagnosis in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Military rabbis in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) are an integral part of the army and currently posted in almost all army units. The role of the military rabbi has undergone fundamental changes since the founding of the State and the IDF, most notably in the past generation. While the formal definition of the military rabbi’s role has remained relatively stable; in practice it has undergone dramatic changes on the backdrop of processes in the IDF Military Rabbinate and in the religious-Zionist sector in Israel. Whereas in the past military rabbis were viewed as religious service providers, during the term of Chief Military Rabbi Rontzky (2010–2016) they viewed themselves in the role of a “Kohen anointed for war” (Meshuach Milchama). Harking back to the biblical description of the Kohanim who strengthen the people at a time of war, this military figure is entrusted with strengthening soldiers, morally and spiritually, before they go into battle. Nonetheless, a return to the religious services provider model can be discerned in recent years, mainly in response to the contention of religionization in the military. The article focuses on the changing role of the IDF military rabbi and identifies three major explanatory factors of these changes: (a) Differences between the formative period of the IDF Military Rabbinate and later periods; (b) Demographic changes in the composition of the IDF, mainly the growing number of soldiers from the national-religious sector; (c) The changing character of the Chief Military Rabbi’s background which affected the nature of the military rabbi’s role. The article aims to show that the Military Rabbinate has not been immune to the struggle over the collective Jewish identity of the State of Israel, and its underlying processes reflect the complexity and diversity of Israeli society.

This article assesses several important questions of challenges of Reformed movement and the evaluations toward this movement in the world. These questions would then be answered comprehensively. Christianity is the truth, therefore one embraces Christianity, this is not true in reverse. True Christianity is represented by Reformed Theology. The reason behind this statement is because Reformed Theology represents the Word of God and is faithful to this. Therefore, true movement in history is Reformed movement. The struggle to uphold Reformed Theology through Reformed movement is a warfare or a battle that needs to be done fervently. Reformed movement must also be a fiery movement and a combination to achieve high quality and large quantity.?

Purpose This study aimed to investigate symptom experience and identify the predictors of symptom experience in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Method This study was a cross-sectional and descriptive design. A total of 167 participants were recruited from the outpatient department of a university hospital in South Korea. Symptom experience (symptom prevalence, severity, and interference with daily activities), physiological factors (absolute neutrophil count, hemoglobin), psychological factors (depression, fighting spirit), and a situational factor (social support), based on the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms, were measured. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses were performed. Results Symptom prevalence ranged from 74.3% to 98.8% of patients. The five most severe symptoms were fatigue, numbness/tingling, dry mouth, sleep disturbance, and drowsiness. General activity and work were the most affected areas of daily life. Symptom experience was significantly related to hemoglobin, depression, fighting spirit, and social support. In the multiple regression analysis, higher level of depression and lung cancer accounted for 20.2% of the variance in symptom severity. Higher level of depression, lower level of fighting spirit and third or fourth-line chemotherapy accounted for 31.0% of the variance in symptom interference. Conclusions Attention is drawn to developing a comprehensive approach which considers relevant physiological, psychological and social factors in assessment and management of concurrent symptoms in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Health care professionals need to play a key role in helping patients deal with depressive mood and promote fighting spirit, particularly in patients with lung cancer or patients treated with higher-line chemotherapy, for controlling their symptom experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article represents a brief analysis of the ways in which Romanian communist (especially the nationalistic-communist) and post-communist historiography has dealt with the onset of hostilities in Dobrodja in 1916 and the Battle of Tutrakan and its consequences. We have worked with around 40 articles and studies, a few collections of documents, several contemporary accounts, as well as a historical novel, all these being representative for the Romanian historiographic discourse before and after December 1989. Generally, the approaches of Romanian historians and researchers range between emphasizing and mitigating. In extreme cases, they even cover up almost entirely Romanian faults and weaknesses from 1916, without trying to provide too many information from Bulgarian sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The psychological impact of a cancer diagnosis can extend through treatment, well into cancer survivorship and can be influenced by a range of psychosocial resources. At different stages in this trajectory, optimism is known to affect well-being directly. This study focusing upon the potential to flourish after cancer, investigates the relationship between optimism and positive affect during cancer survivorship together with four possible mediators: social support, fighting spirit, internal health locus of control and cancer worry, all of which have been shown to be important predictors of well-being in cancer patients. Participants ( n = 102) from online cancer forums completed standardized questionnaires, and path analysis confirmed that optimism had a direct effect on positive affect in cancer survivors. Social support and fighting spirit were also shown to be significant mediators of this relationship, accounting collectively for 50% of the variance in positive affect. Whilst cancer worry and internal health locus of control could be predicted from levels of optimism, they did not mediate the optimism-positive affect relationship. Efforts to promote optimism and thus encourage fighting spirit at diagnosis through treatment may be worthwhile interventions, as would ensuring appropriate social support through the trajectory. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Fighting spirit' in early-stage cancer comprises optimism about prognosis, a belief that the disease and/or its effects are controllable, and a determination to cope with the situation using various active coping methods. It is associated with better adjustment. In advanced cancer, the usefulness of this coping style is contentious. This systematic review identified eight studies that investigated these qualities in advanced cancer. They provided some evidence that positive attitude and self-efficacy may be associated with better emotional adjustment; active, problem-focused coping appears to be adaptive and avoidant coping maladaptive. However, major methodological flaws make any conclusions highly speculative. Further research in this area using larger samples and longitudinal design is required. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The possibility that psychological response within a few weeks of a breast cancer diagnosis can influence the outcome of the disease is a contentious issue. Psychological response, including helplessness/hopelessness, fighting spirit and depression was assessed in early-stage breast cancer patients between 1 and 3 months post-diagnosis, in order to ascertain effect on cancer prognosis. Patients were followed up for a period of 10 years in order to clarify the effect of psychological response on disease outcome. After 10 years, there is a continuing effect of helplessness/hopelessness on disease-free survival (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–2.11) but not of depression (adjusted HR for overall survival for ‘cases’ 2.43, 95% CI 0.97–6.10). Longer follow-up also indicates that a high fighting spirit confers no survival advantage. The results showed that, in patients who were disease-free at 5 years, their baseline helpless/hopeless response still exerted a significant effect on disease-free survival beyond 5 (and up to 10) years. The effect is therefore maintained for up to 10 years of follow-up. Clinicians may wish to screen for helplessness around the time of diagnosis in order to target psychological care resources. Further large studies, with similarly prolonged follow-up, are needed to replicate this effect and clarify its mechanism of action. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

: ObjectiveIn this cross-sectional study, we tested whether the coping styles of emotional suppression and fighting spirit were associated with mood disturbance in cancer patients participating in professionally led community-based support groups even when demographic, medical, and group support variables were taken into account.: MethodsA heterogeneous sample of 121 cancer patients (71% female, 29% male) completed the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS), the Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (Mini-MAC), a measure of perceived group support, and the Profile of Mood States (POMS).: ResultsConsistent with hypotheses, lower emotional suppression and greater adoption of a fighting spirit, in addition to older age and higher income, were associated with lower mood disturbance. Gender, time since diagnosis, presence of metastatic disease, time in the support group, perceived group support, cognitive avoidance, and fatalism were unrelated to mood disturbance.: ConclusionExpression of negative affect and an attitude of realistic optimism may enhance adjustment and reduce distress for cancer patients in support groups. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: Although surgery for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is generally considered curative, the outcome is still unsatisfactory, leaving patients faced with uncertainty and fear of recurrence for a long time after surgery. The purpose of this study was to clarify the course of patients' mental adjustment after surgery for NSCLC and to identify predictors of long-term outcome.Methods: A total of 205 patients completed a baseline interview for patient characteristics at 1 month after curative resection of NSCLC and for social support at 3 months, and the Mental Adjustment to Cancer scale at 3 and 12 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify predictors of their psychological outcome.Results: The helplessness/hopelessness subscale score improved slightly after curative resection (p < .001), but the score on the fighting spirit subscale score was unchanged (p = .659). Significant predictors of helplessness/hopelessness at 12 months included helplessness/hopelessness at 3 months and advanced disease stage, and satisfaction with confidants. Significant predictors of fighting spirit at 12 months included fighting spirit at 3 months existence of confidants.Significance Of Results: The results suggested that mental adjustment improved slightly after curative resection for NSCLC. They also suggested the need to maintain continuity of psychosocial care that provides social support, and that an approach that includes careful attention to patients with advanced stage disease may be a strategy for improving mental adjustment after surgery for NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical communication with patients with cancer should be based on an accurate understanding of psychological responses to cancer, but existing assumptions about these responses may not be accurate. Male and female ambulant patients (N=30) provided a sample that varied in type, stage and prognosis of cancer. Interviews about their experience of cancer were audio-recorded and analysed qualitatively. The predominant response was a desire to conceal emotional distress, often to protect others including family and clinicians. Patients perceived clinicians as promoting ‘fighting’ and a ‘positive attitude’. However, for patients, these responses meant resisting the expression of emotional distress rather than the disease. By encouragement to ‘fight’ and ‘be positive’, clinicians may therefore collude with patients’ emotional suppression. For some patients, cancer led to re-evaluation of life; future research should examine whether and how clinical communication influences this form of adjustment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Military rabbis in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) are an integral part of the army and currently posted in almost all army units. The role of the military rabbi has undergone fundamental changes since the founding of the State and the IDF, most notably in the past generation. While the formal definition of the military rabbi's role has remained relatively stable; in practice it has undergone dramatic changes on the backdrop of processes in the IDF Military Rabbinate and in the religious-Zionist sector in Israel. Whereas in the past military rabbis were viewed as religious service providers, during the term of Chief Military Rabbi Rontzky (2010–2016) they viewed themselves in the role of a "Kohen anointed for war" (Meshuach Milchama). Harking back to the biblical description of the Kohanim who strengthen the people at a time of war, this military figure is entrusted with strengthening soldiers, morally and spiritually, before they go into battle. Nonetheless, a return to the religious services provider model can be discerned in recent years, mainly in response to the contention of religionization in the military. The article focuses on the changing role of the IDF military rabbi and identifies three major explanatory factors of these changes: (a) Differences between the formative period of the IDF Military Rabbinate and later periods; (b) Demographic changes in the composition of the IDF, mainly the growing number of soldiers from the national-religious sector; (c) The changing character of the Chief Military Rabbi's background which affected the nature of the military rabbi's role. The article aims to show that the Military Rabbinate has not been immune to the struggle over the collective Jewish identity of the State of Israel, and its underlying processes reflect the complexity and diversity of Israeli society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the associations between depression, anxiety, hostility and fighting spirit among patients with stomach, colorectal or breast cancer., Materials and Methods: 223 patients, diagnosed as with stomach, colorectal or breast cancer, undergoing chemotherapy or follow up care, were the subjects of the study. The study design was cross-sectional at the time of the survey. The degrees of depression, anxiety and hostility of the patients were assessed by the SCL-90-R scores, and the fighting spirit was measured by the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale score., Results: The scores of anxiety and hostility of the patients at younger age were higher than those at older age (p<0.01). The patients with metastasis were more depressed than those without it (p<0.01). There was a negative association between depression and fighting spirit (p<0.001)., Conclusion: The study showed the more depressed cancer patients had lower fighting spirit score, which was known to be one of the most active psychosocial contributors in adjusting to cancer and survival.