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Objective: The purpose of this research was to measure the learning outcomes of the primary education graduates. Methods: The type of applied research was descriptive-analytical and survey. The statistical population of the research included all university graduates, who were selected by random cluster method in five provinces of Semnan, Kerman, Hamedan, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari & Fars, and randomly selected 365 person of them. The data collection tool was a closed-answer questionnaire made by the researcher, that validity was confirmed by ten experts and its reliability was calculated as 0.97 by Cronbach's alpha method. Results: Learning outcomes were examined in three dimensions: knowledge, ability and attitude. According to the results, in most of the studied indicators, the learning outcomes were relatively favorable. Examining the fit of measurement models, structural and general model, by PLS method, indicated the verification of the presented model. ( >α 0.7, CR>0.7, AVE>0.5, FL>0.5 & t-values>1.96). Conclusion: Although the mission of Farhangian University and elementary education, according to the goals of its curriculum, is the training of qualified and high-quality graduates (teachers), but according to the results of this research, the learning outcomes in the field of knowledge, Attitude and ability, from the point of view of graduates, were not at the desired and expected level, and it is necessary to think of appropriate measures in this case, designing and implementing the curriculum of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lived Experience Managers in Farhangian University on Organizational Excellence(Case Study: University of Kermanshah, Kurdistan & Hamedan)Aim and Introduction: Today, every organization needs processes according to its long-term and short-term goals so that it can be on the right path of goals and excellence. Organizational excellence models provide appropriate frameworks for identifying areas that can be improved and identifying weak and strong points, and organizational pathology using excellence models is a way to gain a sustainable competitive advantage. be paid Using organizational excellence models to evaluate the current situation, planning for any fundamental changes, innovation, organizational learning, raising the level of service quality, using information technology and customer satisfaction will be effective. Therefore, the question arises, what is the status of service quality in the path of excellence based on the organizational excellence model in the studied statistical population? And how can one take an effective step in improving the quality and efficiency of Farhangian University by presenting the organizational excellence promotion model and achieve the excellence and excellence of the university?This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the lived experience of Farhangian University managers of organizational excellence in Farhangian University of Kermanshah, Kurdistan and Hamedan. This research, using a combined exploratory method, seeks to answer the question of what are the components of organizational excellence in Farhangian University and what model is the organizational excellence in this university basically affected by.Methodology: The data collection of this research is done in the qualitative part using in-depth semi-structured interviews and this research is done in a qualitative way. The statistical community of this research includes the managers of Farhangian University of Kermanshah, Kurdistan and Hamedan, which according to the statistics of these universities are about 177 people. are selected as statistical population. The method of this qualitative research is exploratory type, which was done with grounded theory technique. The statistical population of the research includes the directors of Farhangian University, 15 people were purposefully selected as the study sample and in-depth interviews were taken from them.Findings: The method of interview analysis was three stages of coding, and after a more detailed examination and the link between sub-category concepts, 11 core categories were obtained, which are: knowledge orientation, succession planning, stabilization of desirable results, networks and communication skills, organizational efficiency. , human resources, joint creation of value, competitiveness of the organization, empowerment, elite leaders and the identification of points that can be improved. The means of elite and excellent managers, together with the identification of points that can be improved and efficient, leads to the joint creation of sustainable values and the development of succession." It appeared that it can cover all other categories. Therefore, considering the fact that universities, especially Farhangian University and higher education institutions, are among the most important scientific institutions in the production of knowledge and technology and the education of students, they should always be on the path of excellence and be among the top organizations, moving in advance of the competitive environment. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the modeling of this research show the fact that the effect of all variables on the dependent variable of organizational excellence in Farhangian University of Kermanshah, Kurdistan and Hamedan was significant. In a general conclusion, it can be said that all the results in structural equation modeling overlap with the results of hypothesis testing in Spss software. Therefore, the locally developed model for the basis of organizational excellence in Farhangian University of Kermanshah, Kurdistan and Hamadan has high credibility and is acceptable for implementation in other universities and scientific centers of the country. The advantages and consequences of this model include creating loyal and satisfied customers, successful leaders, creating a clear understanding of the organizational goal, managing changes, creating more motivation in the organization's stakeholders, effective and better use of organizational information, making organizational operations more efficient, creating He pointed out the opportunities for improvement in the organization, minimizing redundancies, and innovation and creativity and added value in the organization. By using the research excellence model, the university can evaluate its success in implementing improvement programs at different times and will have the possibility to compare its performance with other universities, especially with the best ones. Considering the fact that universities, especially Farhangian University and higher education institutions, are among the major scientific institutions responsible for the training of committed human resources and experts in the education system, as leaders of the country's human resources cycle, it should always be on the path of excellence and among the organizations Sarmad, the competitive environment of scientific universities should be on the move. Therefore, the continuous improvement of quality resulting from the implementation of the organizational excellence model is the basis for improving the competitive advantage of educational institutions and higher education institutions. Therefore, Farhangian University, as a mission-oriented university in the education of the country's education system specialists, can achieve excellence and improve quality among the country's universities and institutions of higher education. And as a qualitative university, it should play a role in the dynamism and effectiveness of human resources of society and increase the quality of social services, excellence and excellence of society.

The main goal of this research was to analyze the educational factors of learning transfer in the internship curriculum of Farhangian University. The research method is practical in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of data collection using the phenomenological method. The used tool is the interview, whose structural, internal and external validity was ensured and its reliability was confirmed by the method of member review, peer review and external observer. In order to identify the harms of the educational factors of learning transfer, the views and experiences of 30 beneficiaries in the internship program were investigated with a targeted approach and theoretical saturation criteria through semi-structured interviews. Then, the data were analyzed using thematic analysis technique. For data analysis, thematic analysis (theme) technique was used and the validity of the research findings was guaranteed by using methods of review by members and biasing of data sources. Also, in order to measure the reliability of the done coding, re-test reliability method and intra-subject agreement were used. After reviewing and organizing the texts of the interviews, 37 codes were extracted in the form of 7 components in the dimension of educational factors of learning transfer. Based on the obtained results, the most important obstacles related to the educational factors of learning transfer in the internship curriculum include; educational needs assessment, educational goals, content, educational strategies, time, place and evaluation. Therefore, it is necessary for the human triangle of "student teacher, internship guide teacher and internship instructor" to be at the close service of the field of opinion and practice so that they can act correctly in order to fulfill the goals of the internship curriculum and transfer students' learning in the real work environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Education is one of the main parts of knowledge and science production in which teachers contribute to the scientific and cultural progress of any country. Inefficiency in education and training can lead to challenges and widespread problems of social, cultural, scientific, political, religious dimensions in society. Therefore, it seems necessary to assess the competence of student teachers in terms of knowledge, skills, and attitudes especially before entering the professional field of teaching. In this research, the competency of student teachers before entering education and training was evaluated using artificial intelligence neural network as a precise computing tool.Methods: In the present study, the research method is applied and quantitative. The statistical population consisted of students of Farhangian University, and the sample included 91 teacher students who were selected via cluster sampling in 2015-2016 in the field of Biology Education of Shahid Beheshti Higher Education Center of Farhangian University. A corpus of 500 data (80% training and 20% test) was formed based on the scores of general, educational, specialized educational, theoretical, research, internship, and total average courses. The findings were assessed using the feedforward neural network method. According to the investigations carried out on the layers and the number of neurons on the data of the algorithm, a three-layer neural network was designed with two hidden layers with a number of 300 neurons and an output layer with a number of 1 neuron.Findings: The results of the examination of professional competence are based on the scores of student teachers and the extraction of new data of the seven dimensions of theoretic- specialization, education- specialization, education- practice, general, internship, research, and total average, which show the highest average with a score of 19.8 in the educational courses and the lowest average with a score of 16.67 was in theory-specialized courses. The analysis of the findings according to the educational data of the graduates and the labeling of experts showed the level of competence as 17.77.Conclusion: These results indicate that curriculum planners should pay more attention to specialized-theory courses because teachers must have the appropriate and sufficient knowledge and scientific level to present scientific materials to students in addition to learning educational lessons. Besides, it is suggested to evaluate the competence coefficient in other studies by using special questionnaires based on students' attitudes toward the teaching profession. On the other hand, the student's handwriting can be examined and studied as another indicator. Also, the neural network model of artificial intelligence should be used to determine the competence of student teachers in other fields of basic sciences and humanities.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of students' attitudes, system quality, and knowledge management in the behavior of using e-learning through the mediation of e-learning acceptance among students of the Farhangian University of Fars Province.Methods: This research is applied in terms of purpose and nature and a descriptive correlation based on structural equation modeling in terms of data collection province in 2021-2022 with a number of 4450 people. According to Krejcie & Morgan's table, 351 people were selected as a sample through the proportional stratified random sampling method. To measure the research variables, the standard questionnaire ofstudents' attitudes towards e-learning, Akbar (2013), researcher-made system quality questionnaire, Sharon Lawson's standard knowledge management questionnaire (2003), researcher-made e-learning acceptance questionnaire, and the standard questionnaire of the actual use of the e-learning system (Akbar, 2013) were used. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by content and structure validity methods (confirmatory factor analysis) and respectively, the reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.89, 0.79, 0.94, 0.82, and 0.86 was estimated and confirmed. Data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive and inferential (structural equations) using SPSS 24 and Lisrel 8.8 software.Findings: The results indicate that among the variables of Students' Attitudes with acceptance of e-learning (β=0.52), System quality with acceptance of e-learning (β=0.89), knowledge management with acceptance of e-learning (β=0.67) and acceptance of e-learning with real use of the system (β=0.17) There is a positive and significant causal relationship. Students' Attitudes, System quality, and knowledge management mediate e-learning acceptance and indirectly affect the actual use of the e-learning system. Therefore, the mediating effect of e-learning acceptance in this study was confirmed.Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, it can be seen that an increase in students 'attitudes, system quality, knowledge management, and acceptance of e-learning scores will be associated with an increase in students' e-learning usage behavior. According to the research findings, policymakers and university administrators are suggested to prepare the ground for real use and acceptance of e-learning in the learning process of Farhangian University by holding workshops and training courses while paying attention to the variables of the present research.

Objective: the purpose of this article was to identify the key driving forces effective on the future of Farhangian University geography education, in order to analyze and manage them. Method: For this purpose, a research community including 19 experts from Farhangian University was selected and asked for their opinions in the form of Delphi method. Furthermore, the effective components were identified by forming a matrix of mutual effects in the Micmac software, and the forces' Key drivers were extracted and analyzed after segmentation. Results: Geography education is a semi-sustainable field consisting of s even key driving forces including the development of new educational technologies, the level of group education, global experiences, the evaluation of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, the support of the Ministry of Education, the internal coherence of the university, educators, the effectiveness of geography science in the future life, national policies in teacher training and population changes, cooperation between the geography education group and other groups, and optimization of geography education facilities. These driving forces are placed in 7 areas. Conclusion: If these key forces and areas are considered, we can hope that this field will continue its growing trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to analyze learning outcomes of elementary education from the point view of graduates and faculty members at Farhangian University. Research method was descriptive-analytical and survey (mixed study). The statistical population of research included professors and graduates of the university from 2015 to 2018, among whom 22 faculty members and 14 graduates were selected and interviews were conducted with them interviews(subject), in a purposeful way and continued until theoretical saturation. The statistical sample of the Questionnaire section through one-stage cluster method, from 5153 graduates in Semnan, Kerman, Hamadan, Chaharmahal, Bakhtiari and Fars provinces, using the Cochran equation, 365 subjects were chosen randomly. The data were collected through Interviews using general guidance and Questionnaire of Learning Outcomes(researchermade). The validity of the instrument was confirmed by ten experts of the university. The reliability of the Interview forms was calculated through three collaborators and the triad method, and the reliability coefficient of the Questionnaire was calculated as 0.97, after preliminary implementation using Cronbach's alpha method. Learning outcomes were examined in three dimensions: knowledge(eight areas), ability(seven skills) and attitude(six components). According to results of the interview, there were various challenges and issues in the field of learning outcomes of primary education. The drawn model of learning outcomes, related to the findings of the quantitative part (Questionnaire), according to X² /D.F=4.86, RMSEA<0.10 and other indicators, was acceptable fit and the effects of the knowledge, attitude and ability on outcomes were significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Education is one of the main parts of knowledge and science production in which teachers contribute to the scientific and cultural progress of any country. Inefficiency in education and training can lead to challenges and widespread problems of social, cultural, scientific, political, religious dimensions in society. Therefore, it seems necessary to assess the competence of student teachers in terms of knowledge, skills, and attitudes especially before entering the professional field of teaching. In this research, the competency of student teachers before entering education and training was evaluated using artificial intelligence neural network as a precise computing tool. Methods: In the present study, the research method is applied and quantitative. The statistical population consisted of students of Farhangian University, and the sample included 91 teacher students who were selected via cluster sampling in 2015-2016 in the field of Biology Education of Shahid Beheshti Higher Education Center of Farhangian University. A corpus of 500 data (80% training and 20% test) was formed based on the scores of general, educational, specialized educational, theoretical, research, internship, and total average courses. The findings were assessed using the feedforward neural network method. According to the investigations carried out on the layers and the number of neurons on the data of the algorithm, a three-layer neural network was designed with two hidden layers with a number of 300 neurons and an output layer with a number of 1 neuron. Findings: The results of the examination of professional competence are based on the scores of student teachers and the extraction of new data of the seven dimensions of theoreticspecialization, education- specialization, education- practice, general, internship, research, and total average, which show the highest average with a score of 19.8 in the educational courses and the lowest average with a score of 16.67 was in theory-specialized courses. The analysis of the findings according to the educational data of the graduates and the labeling of experts showed the level of competence as 17.77. Conclusion: These results indicate that curriculum planners should pay more attention to specialized-theory courses because teachers must have the appropriate and sufficient knowledge and scientific level to present scientific materials to students in addition to learning educational lessons. Besides, it is suggested to evaluate the competence coefficient in other studies by using special questionnaires based on students' attitudes toward the teaching profession. On the other hand, the student's handwriting can be examined and studied as another indicator. Also, the neural network model of artificial intelligence should be used to determine the competence of student teachers in other fields of basic sciences and humanities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The level of mobility and general health has decreased among students in virtual classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims to investigate the mental and physical complications caused by inactivity among the students of Farhangian University during virtual classes. Methods: This was survey research with a cross-sectional design. The statistical population included all male and female students studying at Farhangian University of Mazandaran Province, Iran. According to the determination of the sample size based on the Morgan table, 475 students, consisting of 214 females and 261 males, were randomly selected as the statistical sample of the study. The research instruments include the international physical activity questionnaire, Saehan Caliper (SH5020), the Coopersmith self-esteem scale (1967), the Beck depression questionnaire, and the Nordic skeletal and muscular disorders questionnaire. To analyze the data, we used the independent sample t test to compare the two groups. All analyses were conducted using the SPSS software, version 24. Results: The research findings showed that the average weekly activity level among women was 634±281 MET/min, and the average weekly activity level among men was 472 ±231 MET/min. In terms of fat percentage by gender, men's average fat percentage was 21.47%±4.74%, and women's average fat percentage was 31.55%±4.37%. Meanwhile, the self-esteem scores of male and female students were obtained at 29.72 and 29.43, respectively. The difference between the two was considered significant as P<0.05. In addition to these findings, the correlation between self-esteem and activity level was +0.41. On the other hand, 25(67%) female students and 12(32%) male students suffered from high depression. Conclusion: Concerning students' skeletal-muscular disorders, findings proved that both genders suffered from physical complications during virtual classes. This study suggests increasing the level of physical activity to reduce body fat mass, increase mental health, and reduce skeletal disorders, which can be properly accomplished through university planning and prioritizing the health of male and female students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present phenomenological study aimed to examine the factors affecting the quality of education at Farhangian University. Methods: Therefore, semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the information from 21 participants, including students, professors, experts, and managers of Farhangian University, who were selected using the purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation. Colaizzi's multistage method was used to analyze the data. Then, the validity and reliability of the study were examined. Results: In the next stage, 150 sub-concepts, 19 main categories, and 7 major categories were obtained. The main categories comprised the appropriate selection of professors and students, the professional competence of professors, physical infrastructure, the appropriate educational content for teacher training, the professional competence of student teachers, the empowerment of professors, and motivating the professors and students. Conclusion: The results showed that improving the quality of education at Farhangian University has a multifaceted nature, and paying attention to its different aspects can improve the quality of education. The quality of education depends on some dichotomies such as theory or practice, content or activity, expertise or commitment, and physical health or mental health. It can be improved if dichotomies work in a coordinated manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate the experiences of Farhangian University student-teachers of learning in the virtual flipped classroom. Methods: This research was conducted in a qualitative and phenomenological way. The statistical population of the research included 84 student teachers in the field of secretarial studies at Farhangian University of Birjand. According to the nature of the research, the purposeful sampling method was used, and with the semi-structured interview of 10 student-teachers in the first semester of the academic year 2021-2022, the obtained data reached saturation. For the analysis of the collected data, Colaizzi method and MAXQDA11 software were used. Results: After extracting and subject classification, seven main themes and 49 sub-themes were identified. The main themes included the use of software and educational content, content production, use of educational systems, data management and transfer, educational communication, equipment management and time management. Conclusion: The lived experiences of the student teachers of Farhangian University showed that the virtual reverse class has caused a transformation in their learning; In such a way that students have guided their learning according to their personal characteristics and speed and have taken positive actions in the field of knowledge management. The levels of educational communication and interpersonal relationships and their digital literacy have increased. Also, the virtual reverse class has brought educational and behavioral consequences in positive and negative dimensions for student teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Competency-based curriculum is one of the new approaches in the field of education that can provide the basis for the growth of learners; Therefore, the main goal of the current research was to identify the requirements for implementing a competency-based curriculum for student teachers at Farhangian University in social studies. Methods: This research, which is applied in terms of purpose and quantitative and qualitative (multi-method) in terms of method, quantitative descriptive survey method was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire and qualitative content analysis method was used to identify the requirements of curriculum implementation. The data collection techniques were a questionnaire designed to determine CVR and CVI content validity, which was sent to 11 professors of curriculum planning, sociology, and Farhangian University, and 30 items were approved; And after that, during face-to-face and telephone interviews, interviews were conducted with 9 professors of sociology, curriculum planning and professors of Farhangian University. Data analysis was analyzed using Max Kyoda qualitative data analysis software and coding method. Results: The findings showed that the requirements for the implementation of a competency-based curriculum in the social studies course include: requirements for student teachers to familiarize themselves with their role, emphasis on the central issue, attention to the role of scientific awareness, emphasis on active teaching methods, individual differences of learners, attention to Values and norms, effective interaction in learning, evaluation, development of various skills, attention to social issues, exploration, content of books and research are central. Conclusion: The results of this research can be used for professors and curriculum planners of social studies course as well as professors and student teachers of Farhangian University.

One of the main topics of the developed educational systems in the third millennium is the importance of the role of "educational management" in advancing the goals of education. Therefore, the educational principal as a "leader", "core" and "influential factor" in the school has a fundamental role in the quality of the implementation of educational programs and the advancement of educational goals. With these conditions, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the categories of necessity and importance of establishing a master's programme in management and educational leadership in Farhangian University. A qualitative method with a Grounded Theory approach was used to conduct the research. The study field was all experts, professors, educational management, and leadership specialists in education organization and Farhangian University, that 21 of them were interviewed using purposeful sampling and theoretical strategy. The research tool was semi-structured interview. The findings were analyzed and validated by three-step coding. According to the results of the research "Importance and Necessity: Career, Curriculum and Content Research" as the core category, "Education and learning strategies and programmes, resources and facilities, future research and foresight and providing and preparing human resources" as causal conditions, "Development in the curriculum and learning environment, needs assessment, requirements and organizational support and networking and interaction" as strategies, the categories of "University culture and climate and the group of students and professors" as a context, "Involvement of students and professors with problems related to the organizational field" as intervening conditions, and educational and organizational categories were raised as a result. Using the results of this research can be effective in improving the leadership and management of schools and the efficiency of the educational system.

Background: Spiritual and mental health are the components affecting self-esteem and a necessary feature of every teacher. This study aims at examining the association between spiritual health and self-esteem of students of Yazd Farhangian University and the mediating role of general health in the academic year 2020-2021. Methods: This was an analytical and cross-sectional study conducted on all the students-teachers of Yazd Farhangian University. 323 people were selected as a sample based on Cochran’s formula. Data were collected through the Paloutzian, R. F., and Ellison, C. W.’s Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). To analyze the research data, Pearson correlation coefficient, covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM), bootstrapping technique, and fit indices for structural equation modeling were employed through SPSS and AMOS 24 at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: Findings revealed a positive and significant correlation between spiritual health and general health (r= 0.316, p

The current study aimed to design a model appropriate for professional development courses of Farhangian University faculty members with a flipped learning approach. For this purpose, valid and accessible documents and resources in non-Iranian databases such as ERIC, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Sage and Iranian databases include Civilica, Magiran and SID, have been reviewed from 2000 to 2020, and from 3152 documents, 60 appropriate documents were selected and examined based on the seven-step approach of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007). The open, axial and selective coding method was used for data analysis, and finally 971 concepts were identified. The identified concepts were categorized into 46 sub-categories and 10 main categories. In order to control the identified concepts, in addition to the validation based on Sandelowski and Barroso (2007) approach, the identified concepts was reviewed by an expert researcher, and the Kappa index calculated as 0.718 (p

IntroductionThe purpose of this research is to design and validate the model of Research development of faculty members and instructors of Farhangian University. Reasech MethodThe present study in terms of purpose is applied Reasech and in terms of how data collected, is in the exploratory blend research group. The statistical population in the qualitative section was included of 12 experts on the topic of Research development, and in the quantitative section is 806 faculty members of the campus of Farhangian University, that 260 people were selected through multistage cluster random sampling and Morgan table. The research instrument consisted of two researcher-made questionnaires of faculty members' Research development and paired comparisons based on the hierarchical analysis process. The statistical tests used included confirmatory factor analysis, single sample T and hierarchical analysis process.ResultsThe findings of the qualitative section included five sub-themes of Research development in the form of: 1- Preparation and improvement, 2- Citizenship behavior, 3- core research, 4. Professional groups and 5- View Future. And the validity of the conceptual model obtained by fitting goodness indicators was confirmed. The findings also showed that the level of faculty members' Research development was a good relatively in terms of the components of Preparation and improvement; Citizenship behavior, Professional groups and view Future, and were an Undesirable level in terms of core research. Another finding is that the components of Research development in importance were: 1- core research (relative weight of 0/284); 2- Professional groups (0/276); 3- Preparation and improvement, (0/167); 4- View Future (0/163); 5- Citizenship behavior (0/110).DiscussionAccording to the statistical results, the design and validation of the Research development pattern of faculty members and instructors at Farhangian University have been obtained and the present status of Research development and the importance of its components were identified.

Background: Given the advent of information and communication technology, a new approach, called mobile learning (m-learning), has been introduced in the higher education system. The present study aimed to investigate the effective components in the implementation of m-learning among student teachers.Methods: The current work is a cross-sectional study. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The statistical population consisted of all the male and female student teachers at the Farhangian University of Yazd in 2020, who were selected using the random sampling method. The questions were analyzed with the t-test and independent t-test.Results: The mean±SD of the effective components in the implementation of m-learning, including hardware component status (2.44±1.498), software component status (2.48±1.544), content component status (2.39±1.451), manpower component status (2.35±1.041), and financial resources component status (2.38±1.459), were not sufficient among student teachers from the point of view of the male and female students. Furthermore, there was no difference among the student teachers based on gender in terms of effective components in the implementation of m-learning (P>0.05).Conclusion: According to the obtained results, policymakers and educational planners of Farhangian University need to provide a necessary basis for the implementation of m-learning according to the components in the present study

Background: The level of mobility and general health has decreased among students in virtual classes during COVID-19 pandemic. The present crosssectional study aims to investigate the mental and physical conditions related to inactivity among the students of Farhangian University during the virtual classes. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. 475 students (214 females and 261 males) were selected as the statistical sample of the study based on Morgan’s Table from Farhangian University, Iran. The statistical population includes students studying at Farhangian University of Mazandaran province that using Convenience Sampling the sample size based on Morgan’s Table, 475 students consisting of 214 females and 261 males were randomly selected as the statistical sample of the study. The research instruments of this study include International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Saehan Caliper (SH5020), Coopersmith Self-Esteem Scale, Beck Depression Questionnaire, and Nordic Skeletal and Muscular Disorders Questionnaire. For data analysis, independent sample t-test was employed to compare two groups. All analyses were conducted using spss24 software. Results: With respect to students’ skeletal-muscular disorders, findings proved that both genders suffered physical conditions during virtual classes. The research findings showed that the average weekly activity level among women is 634 Met/ min with a standard deviation of ±281, and the average weekly activity level among men is 472 Met/min with a standard deviation of ±231. Fat percentage by gender, men’s average fat percentage is 47.21% (S. D ± 4.74) and women’s average fat percentage is 31.55% (S. D ± 4.37). Also, the self-esteem scores of male and female students were obtained 29.72 and 29.43, respectively, and the difference between the two was considered significant (p < 0.05). On the other hand, 67% (No. 25) of female students and 32% (No. 12) of male students suffered from high depression. Also, based on students’ skeletal-muscular disorders, findings of our study showed that both genders suffered physical conditions during virtual classes. Conclusion: This study suggests increasing the level of physical activity to reduce body fat mass, increase mental health and reduce skeletal disorders, which can be properly accomplished through university planning and prioritizing the health of male and female students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of students' attitudes, system quality, and knowledge management in the behavior of using e-learning through the mediation of e-learning acceptance among students of the Farhangian University of Fars Province. Methods: This research is applied in terms of purpose and nature and a descriptive correlation based on structural equation modeling in terms of data collection province in 2021-2022 with a number of 4450 people. According to Krejcie & Morgan's table, 351 people were selected as a sample through the proportional stratified random sampling method. To measure the research variables, the standard questionnaire of students' attitudes towards e-learning, Akbar (2013), researcher-made system quality questionnaire, Sharon Lawson's standard knowledge management questionnaire (2003), researcher made e-learning acceptance questionnaire, and the standard questionnaire of the actual use of the e learning system (Akbar, 2013) were used. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by content and structure validity methods (confirmatory factor analysis) and respectively, the reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.89, 0.79, 0.94, 0.82, and 0.86 was estimated and confirmed. Data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive and inferential (structural equations) using SPSS 24 and Lisrel 8.8 software. Findings: The results indicate that among the variables of Students' Attitudes with acceptance of e-learning (β=0.52), System quality with acceptance of e-learning (β=0.89), knowledge management with acceptance of e-learning (β=0.67) and acceptance of e-learning with real use of the system (β=0.17) There is a positive and significant causal relationship. Students' Attitudes, System quality, and knowledge management mediate e-learning acceptance and indirectly affect the actual use of the e-learning system. Therefore, the mediating effect of e-learning acceptance in this study was confirmed. Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, it can be seen that an increase in students 'attitudes, system quality, knowledge management, and acceptance of e-learning scores will be associated with an increase in students' e-learning usage behavior. According to the research findings, policymakers and university administrators are suggested to prepare the ground for real use and acceptance of e-learning in the learning process of Farhangian University by holding workshops and training courses while paying attention to the variables of the present research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Relying on e-learning in higher education is not a newly emerging phenomenon and has always been considered as a supplementary learning environment. But with the sudden outbreak of the Corona epidemic, the higher education system was shocked. Although the quality of this learning environment has been continuously assessed before, the main question is whether what was said before the Corona epidemic about the quality of e-learning and its capabilities is true in this era in which it is the only teaching and learning environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of virtual education provided at Farhangian University during the Corona epidemic by relying on measuring the attitudes of educators and students in different fields of study.Methods: In this research, the sequential mixed method was used. In order to collect quantitative data, two separate questionnaires were used for educators and students, which contained 15 and 19 questions, respectively, which measured their attitudes based on a Likert scale of five options. The original version of the educators' questionnaire was developed by Dillon and McLean [39] and the questionnaire developed by Patriot et al.,[40] was used for the students. In this study, the statistical population consisted of 713 students and 89 educators working in Farhangian University of Markazi Province. Participants in this study were selected through convinient sampling method. The questionnaires were distributed among 317 students and 36 educators from the departments of elementary education, counseling, special children education, physical training, English language and Persian literature, theology and information technology. After data collection, one-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. In addition, to collect qualitative data, interview questions were designed based on the results of quantitative data analysis, followed by interviews with 22 students (14 women and 8 men) and 12 students (6 men and 6 women). One of the volunteer educators participated in the interview from the above-mentioned training groups. After recording the interview sessions and implementing it, they were coded and categorized.Findings: It was shown that the educators of different educational disciplines had a positive attitude and high satisfaction with virtual education in this period and there was no difference between the educators of different educational departments in this regard. However, the results showed that students generally had a negative attitude and low satisfaction with virtual education and there was a significant difference between their attitudes according to their field of study. To find out the reasons for these findings, the researchers decided to conduct a semi-structured interview. After analyzing the content of qualitative data obtained from interviews with educators and students, relying on the method of guided qualitative content analysis, it was found that the factors related to the virtual and multimedia education environment as well as participatory learning in shaping educators' attitudes and students is important. Similarly, in addition to these factors, the third factor, which is related to independent learning, played a role in shaping their attitudes and their level of satisfaction with education.Conclusion: This research showed how much educators and students can have different opinions. Because, while the educators participating in this study had a positive attitude and satisfaction with virtual education at Farhangian University, students generally had a negative attitude towards it during the corona epidemic. Based on the findings of this study, qualitative data, multimedia education tools and insufficient use of group and participatory education have been the main weaknesses and the main causes of negative attitudes and relative dissatisfaction of students, as well as content design and curriculum. Lack of encouragement for students to learn independently was another reason for this dissatisfaction. According to the results of this study, it is suggested that in order to implement virtual education optimally, in addition to knowledge and skills, teachers should have a positive attitude and firmly convey this attitude to students. In addition, it is necessary to have adequate monitoring of the factors of school users (teachers), ICT, interface design (virtual education system), management, human-organizational resource support and evaluation during the course.

BackgroundThe level of mobility and general health has decreased among students in virtual classes during COVID-19 pandemic. The present cross-sectional study aims to investigate the mental and physical conditions related to inactivity among the students of Farhangian University during the virtual classes.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. 475 students (214 females and 261 males) were selected as the statistical sample of the study based on Morgan’s Table from Farhangian University, Iran. The statistical population includes students studying at Farhangian University of Mazandaran province that using Convenience Sampling the sample size based on Morgan’s Table, 475 students consisting of 214 females and 261 males were randomly selected as the statistical sample of the study. The research instruments of this study include International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Saehan Caliper (SH5020), Coopersmith Self-Esteem Scale, Beck Depression Questionnaire, and Nordic Skeletal and Muscular Disorders Questionnaire. For data analysis, independent sample t-test was employed to compare two groups. All analyses were conducted using spss24 software.ResultsWith respect to students’ skeletal-muscular disorders, findings proved that both genders suffered physical conditions during virtual classes. The research findings showed that the average weekly activity level among women is 634 Met/min with a standard deviation of ±281, and the average weekly activity level among men is 472 Met/min with a standard deviation of ±231. Fat percentage by gender, men’s average fat percentage is 47.21% (S. D ± 4.74) and women’s average fat percentage is 31.55% (S. D ± 4.37). Also, the self-esteem scores of male and female students were obtained 29.72 and 29.43, respectively, and the difference between the two was considered significant (p < 0.05). On the other hand, 67% (No. 25) of female students and 32% (No. 12) of male students suffered from high depression. Also, based on students’ skeletal-muscular disorders, findings of our study showed that both genders suffered physical conditions during virtual classes.ConclusionThis study suggests increasing the level of physical activity to reduce body fat mass, increase mental health and reduce skeletal disorders, which can be properly accomplished through university planning and prioritizing the health of male and female students.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the lived experiences of Farhangian University professors on the educational use of mobile phones during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: This qualitative research was conducted using the phenomenological method. The data collection method was semi-structured interview. Therefore, with the purposeful sampling approach and standard method, the professors of Farhangian University in the Academic year of 2021-2022, who had used mobile phones in the field of education were selected, and finally, theoretical saturation was achieved with an in-depth interview with 8 people. The analysis of the interviews was done using the seven-step Colizzi model with the help of MAXQDA12 software as a data analysis tool. Results: After extracting and subject classification, seven main themes and 49 sub-themes were identified. The main themes included the use of software and educational content, content production, use of educational systems, data management and transfer, educational communication, equipment management and time management. Conclusion: The research findings show that mobile phone can be used as an educational tool in the field of education and teaching in the university and professors should use mobile phone to advance their educational goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education in every country pursues different aims. One aim of its educational, research-basedsystem is knowledge-production, along with training of human force for economic, social, culturalsectors etc. Curriculum is one factor in improvement of the educational quality of educational systems.The purpose of this study is to identify merits and strategies of the development of FarhangianUniversity faculty members regarding curriculum (among the 9 elements of curriculum only three arerelated to teaching method, content and evaluation). This investigation is a qualitative study and itspopulation includes all Farhangian University instructors. Sampling was done according to the samplingmethods of qualitative studies using criterion-based and network sampling. Analysis of data frominterviews was performed in a number of steps based on theme analysis. To ensure the validity of theresults a peer-review survey was considered. The findings indicate that the merits of the facultymembers regarding the three curriculum elements could be classified into 21 categories. In addition, 5strategies could be used for the development of faculty members.

As Farhangian Universities play a crucial role in educating soon-to-be teachers, the program being developed for students of this university needs to be meticulously developed in order to fulfill the crucial role of teacher training centers. Researchers of this phenomenological study tried to evaluate curriculum specified for TEFL students in Farhangian Universities by the implementation of SWOT analysis. Seven professors of Farhangian University in Mazandaran participated in this study to speak for their perspectives regarding the curriculum’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. They took part in interview conducted by researchers and their comments were transcribed to be segmented and codified in later sections. The findings of this study clearly demonstrated that this program suffers more from weaknesses and there are opportunities which might act as compensation for weaknesses and threats. The significant weakness of this curriculum that was elaborated by participants was misplacement of courses without any observation of necessary content knowledge and pre-requisites. Specification of courses exclusively for teaching was mentioned as one of the important strengths of this university. Participants believed that the first opportunity to be made use of, is to maintain connection with other teacher training centers in Iran and around the world.

Extended Abstract Abstract The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the factors affecting the outcomes of student selection in Farhangian University, which has been done in a mixed method. Delphi technique has been used in the qualitative part in this research. The statistical population of the study includes 550 professors of Farhangian University in the campuses located in three provinces of West and East Azarbayjan, and Ardabil. 27 persons were available through purposeful sampling in the qualitative stage, and 227 persons were chosen through cluster sampling in the quantitative stage. The research tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part, which was validated by means of the participant's feedback method. In the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. Average values of extracted variances (AVE) in all components are higher than 0.7. Therefore, the reliability of the research questionnaire is confirmed. Coding method was used for qualitative data analysis, and structural equation modeling was used for quantitative data analysis using PLS version 3 software. Based on the findings of the qualitative department, the most important factors affecting the consequences of student selection in Farhangian University are: process-based selection, selection criteria, and selection tools. The results of the quantitative section show that the studied structural model is of good quality and the observed values are well reconstructed and the studied model has a high predictive ability which can predict the endogenous latent variable. Introduction Education is the foundation of social, economic, political and cultural development of any society and has the greatest impact on the promotion of society in various dimensions. Any fundamental change in society requires the transformation of the educational system of that society and the main axis of development of any educational system is the quality of teacher performance (Nazarpour, 2017). Formal education has been an inclusive system since the beginning of this century, first in advanced societies and then in all developing societies, and today there is no society in which this system has no role in its evolution and development (Golshan, 2018). But what is most important among the various teacher education programs is the issue of attracting and selecting the right people. This issue has always been important in the educational systems of most developed countries and has been prioritized in their educational programs (Soleymani & Motakallem & Namvar, 2021). In Finland, for example, the selection of qualified people for the teaching profession is a complex process, and the selection of these people takes place with ultimate precise. (Garbe & Shiel & Sulkunen, 2017). However, despite the importance of this issue, there are always disagreements about the process of selecting the right people, and these different perspectives should be benefitted to form a suitable program to select the right people (Kitchen & Petrarca, 2016). Undoubtedly, universities and teacher training centers are places that must use appropriate and sufficient criteria to select the right people from among the various candidates. If they refuse to play their role, the quality of selected individuals and even future teachers can not be guaranteed (Raths & Lyman, 2009). In any country, providing the favorable condition to achieve the positive and applicable results in the process of students' learning involves special attention to the process of selecting and training candidates to enter the profession of teaching in teacher training centers. Groundwater-Smit Mockler, 2009). Given the above, the process of selecting the right people to enter teacher training centers is of particular importance in the education system, and it seems that this issue has been neglected in the studies of researchers in the country. Therefore, the present study focuses on this main issue and seeks to answer the following questions: What are the factors affecting the consequences of student selection in Farhangian University? What are the most important factors in choosing the right student in Farhangian University? To what extent do these factors affect the outcome of student selection at Farhangian University? Theoretical framework Selecting the right people for the teaching profession is a step to accept or reject the applications of applicants for the teaching profession so that the most suitable and appropriate ones are selected. (Mirsepasi, 2015) The conditions for selecting the right people are the criteria and indicators individuals volunteering for the teaching profession must meet. In Unesco's manifest (UNESCO, 2017) concerning the "teacher training", the teacher is introduced as the axis and center of learning, and having effective and skillful teachers is considered the right of every child in the world, which is conditioned on the careful selection of interested and capable people to enter the profession. In this manifest, the selection of the appropriate teachers for the learners is introduced as one of the main factors in growth and development of the educational systems (Soleymani & Motakallem & Namvar, 2021). Mahdavi Hazaveh et al. (2017) in a study entitled "Good life, a perspective for children" while highlighting the importance and position of teachers in society, showed Given the position of this job in society, a teacher requires special qualifications, and certainly those involved in this field must be careful in choosing the right people to enter this sacred profession. Ragnarsdóttir & Jóhannesson (Ragnarsdóttir & Jóhannesson, 2014) in their study entitled, have investigated the admission process in Iceland. According to this research, due to the limited admission capacity to select the right people, each institution and center has defined some approximate criteria for itself, but what is common among all teacher training centers in this country includes criteria such as work experience, participate in social organizations and activities in them, having and cooperating in related and additional training (Nazarpour, 2017). Methodology The present study uses a mixed and exploratory design in which qualitative and quantitative data are collected and analyzed. In this research, Delphi technique has been used in the qualitative part. The present study began with the collection and analysis of qualitative data in which the most important factors affecting the consequences of student selection in Farhangian University were identified through interviews and three stages including open, axial and selective coding from the perspective of participants. In the second step, quantitative data were collected and analyzed. The statistical population of the study is 550 professors and lecturers of Farhangian University in the campuses of three provinces of West, East and Ardabil in 1399, of which 27 persons were available through purposeful sampling in the qualitative stage, and 227 persons in the quantitative stage by Cluster sampling were selected. The data collection tool was semi-structured in the qualitative stage of the interview. In order to collect quantitative data, a researcher-made questionnaire from the qualitative section of 35 questions was used. Structural equation model with PLS software was used to analyze the quantitative data. Discussion and Results Based on the findings of the qualitative department, the most important factors affecting the consequences of student selection in Farhangian University are: process-based selection, selection criteria, and selection tools. The results of the quantitative section show that the studied structural model is of good quality and the observed values are well reconstructed and the studied model has a high predictive ability and can predict the endogenous latent variable. Process-based selection elements, selection criteria, and selection tools can explain 43.3% of the variance of outcomes, which is significant. Also, the value for the outcome variable is equal to 0.508, which is considered strong. Therefore, it can be said that the studied structural model is of good quality and the observed values are well reconstructed and the studied model has a high predictive ability and can predict the endogenous latent variable. Conclusion The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the factors affecting the outcomes of student selection in Farhangian University. The findings of the qualitative section showed that the most important factors affecting the consequences of student selection in Farhangian University from the perspective of research participants are: process-based selection, selection criteria, and selection tools; each composed of subcomponents. From the perspective of research participants, one of the most important factors affecting the consequences of optimal student selection is process-based selection. Intelligence measuring, mental abilities, communication skills, having the right articulation, skills related to creativity and writing, having the spirit of teamwork and participation, and having the right emotional and personality traits are the most important criteria for choosing a good student in Farhangian University according to the perspective of research participants. Canadian experts, including Caskey et al. (2001), believe that this tool can motivate volunteers, show their true quality, and demonstrate volunteer's communication skills. Therefore, favorable strategies for selecting students in Farhangian University have desirable consequences for the educational system, and, training and employment through the selection of qualified people leads to the development of the educational system.

Background and Purpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of knowledge management in Farhangian University. Methods: This research has benefited from the exploratory mixed method and is practical in terms of its purpose and has been implemented in two qualitative and quantitative parts. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part included 10 experts from Farhangian University in the field of knowledge management, and in the quantitative part, 266 people were selected as a sample based on Cochran's formula. In this research, research items were extracted by relying on metacomposite technique followed by Delphi technique. Investigations showed that the knowledge management model has 3 dimensions of knowledge management processes, knowledge management infrastructure and business process improvement. In this regard, 72 items were placed in 13 components of knowledge creation, knowledge sharing, knowledge application, culture, knowledge enhancers, environment, knowledge management perspective, employees, information technology, management and leadership, accountability and flexibility, development of science and innovation, and economic prosperity. Then, the model was fitted using confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The studies showed that the research model has a good fit. Also, knowledge management infrastructures have a positive and significant effect on knowledge management processes and knowledge management processes have a positive and significant effect on improving work processes. Conclusion: The results showed that among the dimensions of the research, the improvement of business processes was given the first priority. Also, among the subjects, application of knowledge, economic prosperity, and development of science and innovation were ranked first to third, respectively

Introduction: Farhangian University as a training agent and custodian of education human resources will play an effective role in the future development of the country. The present study aims to identify the factors affecting the development of health -oriented leisure in Farhangian University. Methods: The present qualitative study aims to discover the effective factors and in -depth interviews were used as data collection tools. The researcher interviewed the participants working in Farhangian University who were purposefully selected. After fully transcribing the interviews and extracting the key sentences, 27 theoretical saturations were obtained in the interview and continued until interview 29 for more assurance. Data analysis was performed by content analysis method and coding method. To evaluate the validity of the study, the criteria of acceptability, transferability, and verification and for the reliability of the study, the reliability of the codings were evaluated and approved. Results: The findings indicate that 49 primary codes were classified into 15 sub -categories and 6 main categories, including cultural norms, economic events, effective governance, legal guarantee, sociability, and digital lifestyle. Conclusion: Education and training, by being on the right path, can raise a generation for today and the future, so that the society becomes a reliable place for the people of the society to live. Without taking into account the role of teachers, this goal is illusory, so providing the conditions for leisure activities in Farhangian University will lead to their growth and excellence and ultimately lead to the improvement of the country's educational system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the components of effective organizational maturity and Islamic justice at Farhangian University of Mazandaran province.y Materials and Methods: The research was a mixed method; it was exploratory in the qualitative part and a survey in the quantitative part. The statistical population of the study was experts, specialists, and members of the faculty of Farhangian University of Mazandaran province; 20 of whom were selected by convenience sampling method. To formulate a conceptual model of the research, the predictors and consequences of organizational growth have been identified. For this purpose, the relationship between Islamic justice and organizational maturity was studied and Islamic justice (procedural, distributive, transactional, exchange, and information justice) was studied as an effective variable on organizational maturity. Then, using the structural equation model, the conceptual model of the research was studied and analyzed. The conceptual model of the research was evaluated by analysis of variance and heuristic factor analysis by using SPSS software version 24 and LISREL.e Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that distributive justice had the highest impact on organizational maturity; procedural justice in the second rank and reciprocal justice in the third rank and transactional justice in the fourth rank and finally information justice had the least impact. In other words, the most explicit example of justice for the respondents is distributive justice which leads to the maturity of the organization as much as possible; so managers and the payment system should pay more attention to the distribution of facilities, resources, and students. By strengthening individual and organizational interests and also observing organizational justice, we can improve the formation of respectful behavior and civic virtue in employees in terms of organizational citizenship behavior. Also, by creating organizational maturity based on justice and also paying attention to these two categories in drawing goals and organizational policy, the sense of participation and the spirit of altruism and the role of commitment and belonging of employees in higher education institutions can be promoted. Finally, by implementing the proposed model, the coordination and coherence between the functions, activities, and goals of the organization will increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Relying on e-learning in higher education is not a newly emerging phenomenon and has always been considered as a supplementary learning environment. But with the sudden outbreak of the Corona epidemic, the higher education system was shocked. Although the quality of this learning environment has been continuously assessed before, the main question is whether what was said before the Corona epidemic about the quality of e-learning and its capabilities is true in this era in which it is the only teaching and learning environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of virtual education provided at Farhangian University during the Corona epidemic by relying on measuring the attitudes of educators and students in different fields of study. Methods: In this research, the sequential mixed method was used. In order to collect quantitative data, two separate questionnaires were used for educators and students, which contained 15 and 19 questions, respectively, which measured their attitudes based on a Likert scale of five options. The original version of the educators' questionnaire was developed by Dillon and McLean [39] and the questionnaire developed by Patriot et al.,[40] was used for the students. In this study, the statistical population consisted of 713 students and 89 educators working in Farhangian University of Markazi Province. Participants in this study were selected through convinient sampling method. The questionnaires were distributed among 317 students and 36 educators from the departments of elementary education, counseling, special children education, physical training, English language and Persian literature, theology and information technology. After data collection, one-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. In addition, to collect qualitative data, interview questions were designed based on the results of quantitative data analysis, followed by interviews with 22 students (14 women and 8 men) and 12 students (6 men and 6 women). One of the volunteer educators participated in the interview from the above-mentioned training groups. After recording the interview sessions and implementing it, they were coded and categorized. Findings: It was shown that the educators of different educational disciplines had a positive attitude and high satisfaction with virtual education in this period and there was no difference between the educators of different educational departments in this regard. However, the results showed that students generally had a negative attitude and low satisfaction with virtual education and there was a significant difference between their attitudes according to their field of study. To find out the reasons for these findings, the researchers decided to conduct a semi-structured interview. After analyzing the content of qualitative data obtained from interviews with educators and students, relying on the method of guided qualitative content analysis, it was found that the factors related to the virtual and multimedia education environment as well as participatory learning in shaping educators' attitudes and students is important. Similarly, in addition to these factors, the third factor, which is related to independent learning, played a role in shaping their attitudes and their level of satisfaction with education. Conclusion: This research showed how much educators and students can have different opinions. Because, while the educators participating in this study had a positive attitude and satisfaction with virtual education at Farhangian University, students generally had a negative attitude towards it during the corona epidemic. Based on the findings of this study, qualitative data, multimedia education tools and insufficient use of group and participatory education have been the main weaknesses and the main causes of negative attitudes and relative dissatisfaction of students, as well as content design and curriculum. Lack of encouragement for students to learn independently was another reason for this dissatisfaction. According to the results of this study, it is suggested that in order to implement virtual education optimally, in addition to knowledge and skills, teachers should have a positive attitude and firmly convey this attitude to students. In addition, it is necessary to have adequate monitoring of the factors of school users (teachers), ICT, interface design (virtual education system), management, humanorganizational resource support and evaluation during the course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development and Validation of a Lifelong Learning-Based Curriculum Assessment Scale in Higher EducationAbstract Introduction: As one of the important infrastructures of the educational system of any country and the most important source of science and technology production, higher education plays a significant role in the development of lifelong learning. Universities should create a new movement in this direction by conatructing a platform for students to do longlife learning.The present study aims to explain the curricular elements and components of Farhangian University based on the lifelong learning approach and examine the validity of a developed scale in this field.Method: In the present study, exploratory mixed-methods research was used. Initially, qualitative data were collected and analyzed. Then, based on the obtained qualitative results, quantitative instruments were developed. After that, the quantitative data were collected and analyzed to validate the qualitative findings. The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of experts in the field of lifelong learning, professors of Farhangian University, and curriculum specialists selected via a purposive sampling method. 33 participants were selected and interviewed via the semi-structured interviewing technique to obtain theoretical saturation in the data. In the quantitative section, a descriptive-survey method was employed. The statistical population in this section consisted of professors of the Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University of Isfahan Province as 242 individuals, among whom 145 participants were selected based on the Krejcie & Morgan table and via a cluster sampling method. Then, the researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among them. Among the returned questionnaires, 103 ones were quantitatively analyzed.Results: The findings of the qualitative section indicated that the curriculum based on the lifelong learning approach in Farhangian University consists of four main elements of goal (with 19 items), content (with 18 items), teaching-learning methods (with 15 items) and evaluation (with 17 items). In the quantitative section, it was also found that based on the results of the Second Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the elements and related items correctly measure the curriculum model for lifelong learning. Discussion: To sum up, it can be stated that the scale designed in 4 elements and 69 items is valid for evaluating the curricular elements based on the lifelong learning approach at Farhangian University. It can be the basis for making policies and reviewing curriculum at Farhangian University.Keywords: Lifelong Learning, Curriculum, the Lifelong Learning Curriculum Scale, Higher Education, Farhangian University.

Background and Aim: Knowledge management is a useful tool for organizations to develop their capital, encourage innovation and entrepreneurship, and maximize optimal performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between knowledge management and information literacy with organizational entrepreneurship. Method: This research is applied in terms of purpose; In terms of nature, descriptive and in terms of method, correlation and statistical population, included all student teachers of Farhangian University of Mazandaran province in the academic year 2021-2022 in the number of 3600 people. According to Krejcie and Morgan sampling table, 351 people were selected by stratified random sampling by gender (female: 129 and male: 222). The measurement tools were standard questionnaires of knowledge management of Patrick et al. (2009), information literacy of Siamak and Davarpanah (2009) andorganizational entrepreneurship of Hill (2003). Results: At the significance level of α = 0.05, the findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship between knowledge management and organizational entrepreneurship. There is also a significant positive relationship between information literacy and organizational entrepreneurship. Regression analysis showed that the contribution of knowledge management and information literacy variables in predicting organizational entrepreneurship is different. Thus, compared to knowledge management, information literacy has a higher share in predicting organizational entrepreneurship (P < α = 0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, paying attention to the growth and development of information literacy and knowledge management in students and teachers of Farhangian University can lead to an increase in their organizational entrepreneurship.

The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions of the neglected components in the curriculum implemented in the field of educational sciences of Farhangian University. The approach of the present study, based on the nature of the research objectives, is qualitatively phenomenological and descriptive. Participants in the study were professors and teachers, graduates in the field of primary education at Farhangian University, 98-97. Participants were selected by purposive sampling based on the experiences of both groups by snowball method and this theoretical saturation was finally completed for 12 professors and 15 new teachers. In-depth semi-structured interviews were used to collect qualitative data. Also, in order to check the validity, the information obtained from the analysis of the text of the interviews was given to the supervisors, advisors as well as specialists at Farhangian University; The reliability of the data was confirmed by three criteria considered by qualitative study experts: including: acceptability, reliability, and verifiability. Based on the structure of the interview, the seven-step Klaizi method was used to analyze the participants' perceptions. After the above steps, seven main dimensions including: organizational structure and university course, necessary professional skills and proper performance of the teacher, attention to the learner's needs, appropriateness of the subject and course materials with student resilience, central research in the classroom, were extracted. Recognizing and introducing the neglected components in the country's teacher education system can help policy makers, administrators and educational planners in adopting appropriate strategies to reduce the gap between the current and desired situation in this field and improve the status of implemented curriculum components.

Background and Objectives: The purpose of architecture education is to prepare graduates for general proficiency in this field of study. However, many graduates of architecture who are employed at the job market observe a profound gap between what they have learned in college and what is being done in professional work in architecture. This study -by examining the method of architecture education at undergraduate level and the job market situation in Iran- evaluates the relationship between the education and professional work in architecture to answer the following questions: "1. What are the problems of undergraduate architecture education in Iran that cause the inefficiency of architecture graduates in professional environment?", "2. Which features in the professional environment are necessary for a graduate of architecture?" and "3. How can we make a more effective connection between and the professional architectural environment?" Methods: The present study is an applied one and its method is field survey. In addition, the method of data analysis is analytical-descriptive. Data collection has been done through handing questionnaires and holding interviews with senior undergraduate architecture students as the statistical population who are supposed to enter the architectural job market soon, professors of architecture schools as individuals who are teaching students in this field, and professional architects as individuals who are professionally active in the field of architecture. The students and professors who were studied in this research were selected from 3 Iranian universities at the intermediate level, and professional architects were also selected from the managers of architectural companies. Being a veteran architect was the criterion for selecting professors and architects. The criteria for professors to be a veteran architect have been the experience and years of work, and the academic degree. The criteria for selecting architects have been experience and years of work, the significant number of the projects implemented, and winning awards. Findings: According to the common viewpoints of the three groups who were investigated in this research, the problems of the architecture educational environment that have created a gap between architecture education and architectural profession and the low efficiency of the architecture graduate in the professional environment have a wide range from the beginning of admission of architecture students up to after their graduation. The main problems are: 1. Method of student admission, 2. Admission of too many students, 3. Incompatibility of educational topics with the job market needs, 4. The separation of university from the society, 5. Lack of professional ethics training, 6. Lack of interactive skills training, 7. Lack of professional experience of professors, and 8. General problems of the society including economic issues. Therefore, the characteristics that are necessary for a graduate student of architecture in a professional environment are: 1. Familiarity with the topics required by the labor market, such as having a good command of various architectural software, familiarity with rules and regulations, and so on, 2. Having professional ethics, and 3. Having interactive skills. Conclusion: Based on the benefits of participatory education, it is proposed to turn architecture schools into "participatory education" environments in order to reduce the gap between education and professional work and decrease the low efficiency of architecture graduates in the professional environment. In this regard, it is possible to use the simultaneous training of students of different semesters in architecture courses and the presence of professional architects as expert individuals in some of the class sessions. In this way, students can benefit from each other's participation in design, critique of works, and improvement of skills related to the field of architecture, and the presence of professional architects in order to gradually acquire the skills required by the architectural job market. It is also possible to reduce the gap between education and professional work by establishing "NGOs" that are responsible for linking the university to architecture offices, job market and employers. ===================================================================================== COPYRIGHTS ©2021 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. =====================================================================================

Purpose: Since today the use of mobile phones is extremely widespread, and individuals with different age groups and social classes devote a considerable amount of time to using these social networks, training the use of these networks can provide a platform for improving reading habits among young people. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Telegram messenger networks on the reading habits of the student teachers of Farhangian University of South Khorasan Province. Method: The current research is an applied study in terms of purpose and a quasi-experimental one in terms of data gathering method, using a pretest-posttest design on an experimental group and a control group. The research population included all the student teachers of Farhangian University of South Khorasan Province who studied in the academic year of 2017-2018. Student teachers' reading habits were measured using the Palsani and Sharma (1989) study habits questionnaire. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.70. Based on the aim of the present study, Telegram was considered a context to study the reading habits of student teachers and a protocol based on the framework of Rogers Innovation Theory was designed and then the experimental group was given the necessary training. Findings: The results show that there no significant difference between the mean scores of reading habits of the experimental group (mean=6/43, SD= 21/43) and control group (-1/58, SD=18/83) (t=-1/58, p=0/12). An analysis of the findings reveals that students actually find it difficult to read through mobile-based messaging networks, and therefore it can be concluded that increasing the level of knowledge and skills of students in using these networks can increase the probability of its impact in reading. The results also showed that although mobile-based messaging networks have many capabilities in the exchange of information, educational goals, development and promotion of reading culture, in the present study, they had no effect on the reading habit of the student teachers of Farhangian University. It seems that due to the lack of student teachers' knowledge, they have not acquired the skills required to use this platform for improving reading habits. Student teachers also find it difficult to read through messenger networks. Therefore, they need a structured education in this area as the main requirements enabling them to use this platform for studying and exchanging scientific information. Originality/value: Considering that previous research used the quantitative research approach, the present study has a methodological innovation implemented in the context of the Farhangian University in South Khorasan Province.

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of academic burnout experienced by student teachers at Farhangian University and explore factors that influenced it, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted via a mixed approach using the explanatory sequential design. First, via quantitative approach and stratified sampling, all junior and senior student teachers (290 people) in Hashemi Nejad Campus responded to the standard Maslach Burnout Inventory-Students Survey. The questionnaire measures three dimensions of academic burnout, including emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and depersonalization as well as the feeling of lack of professional accomplishment. Then, via qualitative approach and intensity sampling, 25 student teachers were selected as participants for semi-structured interviews. Quantitative findings revealed that all almost of the student teachers (91.57 percent) reported emotional exhaustion over the last 2 years. Again, there is a significant relationship between student teachers’ academic burnout and their marital status, and habitat too. But, there was no significant relationship between student teachers’ academic burnout and their majors. In addition, there is a negative correlation between student teachers’ academic burnout and their GPA. Qualitative data were analyzed by thematic analysis (Ryan and Bernard, 2000). Qualitative findings revealed that the most important factors leading to academic burnout, include the structure and rules dominated over curriculum, the inadequacy of the existing syllabus for teaching and evaluation in the COVID-19 era, the quality of professors’ feedback, the lack of sense of presence in class, students intensive planning and lack of social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness components of the curriculum of undergraduate course of elementary education in Farhangian University from the perspective of experts. The statistical population of this research consisted of professors of Farhangian University in 2020. The sample of this study was selected by accessible sampling method. A total of information was collected from six prominent university professors who taught at Farhangian universities. The data collection tool in this study was semi-structured interview. Results revealed that effectiveness components of the curriculum of undergraduate course of elementary education in Farhangian University were "Determining and implementing desirable educational goals", "Using experienced professors from the schools", "Using appropriate educational content", "Considering the students' characteristics" and" Appropriate physical appearance and up-to-date facilities. Generally, the research results support the revision of the teacher training curriculum in order to be more effective.

Background: Numerous studies have been conducted on the professional competencies of university faculty members. However, research that neglects the professional competencies of the faculty members of Farhangian University, which has led to the design of the competency model, has been neglected. Aims: The aim of this study was to develop and validate the model of professional competencies of faculty members of Farhangian University with an explanatory approach. Method: The research was simultaneous. The statistical population included 700 professors and faculty members of Farhangian University of Provinces (Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, Isfahan and Fars) in 2018, and 200 of these professors were selected as targeted clusters. The tools of the present study were: Questionnaire of professional competencies of the researcher made in 2018. Data analysis was performed using Friedman test, exploratory factor analysis and correlation coefficient. Results: Pattern obtained from two main factors; It consists of individual and organizational formation. The individual agent has sub-components, both personal and skill, and the organizational factor also has sub-components of membership, organizational interaction, acceptance of professional responsibility, and utilization of the organization's facilities. Conclusions: If the professional competencies of the faculty members are realized, it will have a expected role in the performance and efficiency of Farhangian University and will have positive effects for the students and teachers.

Considering that the courses of study are different in universities, students' academic achievement, which is often measured in terms of their academic grade point average, has close relationship with the students' various learning styles. In this research, the relationship between learning styles of the students of Farhangian University of Khuzestan Province and Kolb's learning styles was investigated and their future successes were predicted. The sample were 234 pre-service teachers who randomly collected. The standard questionnaire of Kolb's learning styles with 12 questions in the form of 4 components was used. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.88. the data analysis with Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between pre-service teachers' learning style and pre-service teachers' academic achievement with grade point average criterion. On the other hand, using concurrent regression test, it was specified that both assimilating and divergent learning styles had the prediction capability for academic achievement of the pre-service teachers with the average grade point criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Farhangian Universities play a crucial role in educating soon-to-be teachers, the program being developed for students of this university needs to be meticulously developed in order to fulfill the crucial role of teacher training centers. Researchers of this phenomenological study tried to evaluate curriculum specified for TEFL students in Farhangian Universities by the implementation of SWOT analysis. Seven professors of Farhangian University in Mazandaran participated in this study to speak for their perspectives regarding the curriculum's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. They took part in interview conducted by researchers and their comments were transcribed to be segmented and codified in later sections. The findings of this study clearly demonstrated that this program suffers more from weaknesses and there are opportunities which might act as compensation for weaknesses and threats. The significant weakness of this curriculum that was elaborated by participants was misplacement of courses without any observation of necessary content knowledge and pre-requisites. Specification of courses exclusively for teaching was mentioned as one of the important strengths of this university. Participants believed that the first opportunity to be made use of, is to maintain connection with other teacher training centers in Iran and around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of syllabus of ICT application courses in the field of primary education at Farhangian University. Research method was descriptive and content analysis through deductive method. Statistical population of research is syllabus of ICT application courses in the field of primary education. Research sample was equal to statistical population and was selected by census method. Research instrurnent is a researcher made content analysis checklist based on theoretical and research sources of TPACK model of Mishra and Kohler (2006). Validity of instrument was formally confirmed by experts, and congruence coefficient of 91.05 was obtained for reliability of instrument using Scott method. Shannon entropy analysis process was used to analyze data. Results showed that although a total of 112 times attention has been paid to technology related structures, technology content knowledge structure with 46 frequencies with an information load of 0.993 and a significance coefficient of 0.264 is the most and technology knowledge structure with 17 frequencies and amount of information load is 0.869 and coefficient of importance is 0.231 has received the least attention, but it does not cover components of technology related knowledge based on TPACK and is incomplete. Therefore, it is suggested that based on TPACK model, the syllabus of ICT application courses in the field of primary education should be revised.

The purpose of this study was to determine the dimensions, implementation strategies, and consequences of implementing quality management at Farhangian University across the country in 1989. The method was based on the data theory approach. In this study, the statistical population consisted of experts and professors in the field of inclusive quality management at the University of Culture, who were selected through purposeful sampling method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Validity and reliability of data were obtained by using participant review method and expert review. Content and face validity were confirmed by expert opinion. Content analysis method was used to analyze the interviews. Research findings suggest that the most important dimensions and components of inclusive quality management include customer satisfaction and accountability, the learning organization, and the future. Also, decentralization of education, culture of systematic thinking, effective educational planning and curriculum planning as the most important strategies as well as the professional development of cultures, new approaches to managing and becoming more mission-minded, enhancing the effectiveness of teaching and learning, and making the University of Culture flexible. The establishment of inclusive quality management is at Farhangian University. The results of 12 main dimensions and 365 subscales showed that customer satisfaction, decentralization and enhancing the effectiveness of teaching-learning process were the most important requirements.

Background and Objectives: Self-control has been conceptualized in a number of ways but generally refers to the active regulation of one’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Theoretical and empirical work indicates that the ability to effective self-control has important and wide-ranging implications such as enacting positive behaviors that are conducive to longer-term goal attainment and inhibiting negative behaviors that undermine longer-term goal attainment. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of self-control skills training on reducing problematic mobile phone use among male students of Farhangian University. Methods:The method of the study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. The population of the study consisted of all female students of Farhangian University of Sistan and Baluchestan province. The sample consisted of 60 individuals (30 in experimental group and 30 in control group) who had problematic mobile phone use and volunteered to participate in the experiment. The data gathering instrument was Genaro et al. scale of Cell-Phone Over-Use Scale (COS). This scale has no components. It has 21 questions on a 6-point Likert scale (never to forever). The sum of the scores of 21 questions determines the overall score of problematic mobile phone use. To implement the experimental design, first the Cell-Phone Over-Use Scale was implemented and after identifying the students who used Cell-Phone Over-Use, they participated in self-control skills training workshops. Findings: The results of the study showed that training self-control strategies on the problematic mobile phone use has a negative and significant effect on male students of Farhangian University of Zahedan. Also, there is a significant difference between the pre-test and the post-test for problematic mobile phone use in the follow-up group via the virtual network and the non-follow-up group via virtual network. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the training of self-control strategies and follow-up through the virtual group for students at the University of Farhangian will help to reduce problematic mobile phone use and move towards the general use of mobile phone. The results also showed that pursuing self-control skills training through virtual networks makes the effects of these trainings affect the behavior of mobile phone use for a longer period of time. Due to the fact that Cell-Phone Over-Use can affect the educational and learning activities of university students, it is recommended to university officials, educational and research planners to teach self-control skills and follow this Consider consecutive instruction in short-term university curricula.One of the most important limitations of this study was the tendency of students to pretend at the initial diagnosis through a questionnaire that they do not Cell-Phone Over-Use. The results of this research are useful and practical for university research and educational experts, university professors and students and all university educational planners. ===================================================================================== COPYRIGHTS ©2020 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. =====================================================================================

The purpose of this study was to develop and design a model of organizational excellence in Northeast Iran University of Culture in 1398 which was conducted using a mixed (quantitative, qualitative) and exploratory approach. The study population consisted of two groups. Qualitative department, scientific community experts, Quantity of all invited faculty members, managers and deputies of Farhangian University based on Statistics Management Planning Organization of Khorasan Razavi, North and South provinces 732 persons. 302 people Nor were selected based on Morgan table to complete the questionnaire. To gather data in a quantitative section, a researcher-made questionnaire of organizational excellence was used, consisting of two main dimensions and two sub-dimensions of five empowerment criteria (leadership, policy and strategy, human resources, other resources and partnerships, processes) and four outcome measures (customer outcomes). , Staff results, performance results, community outcomes) were extracted from the results of qualitative interviews. To analyze the qualitative data, Grounded Theory method and t-test were used for significance of the relationship between variables. In this study, the value of t-dimensions of organizational excellence is estimated from 0.5 to 0.5 which is calculated more than the assumed t value (0.5). Therefore, considering the significance and positive of this coefficient, it can be stated that all the above dimensions have a positive and direct effect on it. The highest value for t is related to the principles of management and deployment, and the least to the satisfaction and motivation of employees.

The main goal of this research was to assess theteacher'scharisma traits and its role in the experienced curriculum in Farhangian University. This research was a descriptive-correlational study and its statistical population included all undergraduate students at Farhangian University of Fatemeh Zahra and Shahid Rajaei (females centers) and Shahid Bahonar (male center) in Isfahan city in the academic year 2017-2018 )N =1978). The sample size was estimated to be 322 by Cochran formula and with random stratified random sampling method. The data’s gathering used from two questionnaires including teacher charisma standard questionnaire and researcher-made experienced curriculum questionnaire. Data’s analysis done in descriptive level (frequency, percentage, mean & deviation standard) and inferential level (one sample t-test & regression analysis) by using Spss software. The results and findings of this study showed that professors in charisma had behavioral characteristics and scientific and specialized abilities, but lacked humor and teaching skills. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that the professor’s charisma have significant role in student's experienced curriculum in all of cognitive, emotional & skill areas. Finally, the results showed that professors with charismatic characteristics can improve the experienced curriculum in all aspects and contribute to the further development and growth of students.

A university based on a hundred-year history of teacher training centers was founded in the year 2000 under the name of "Farhangian University that the purpose is to provide, train and empower the teachers and staff of the Ministry of Education to provide exemplary citizenship to the community and nurture Iranian citizens. This study was a correlational and correlational study that was conducted on all students of Yazd Farhangian University. The results showed that half of the statistical population was 20 years old and only 16% were married. Also, the mean scores of religious values ​​indexes (61.6), goal orientation (67.5) and organizational citizenship behavior (82.5) were also between the religious values ​​at work and goal orientation. There is a positive relationship with organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, these two variables accounted for a total of 54% of the changes in organizational citizenship behavior of students at Farhangian University. In this regard, it seems that in order to have future citizens, we need to educate the targeting and spirituality variables in the work and social environment.

Empowering human resources is the key to the development and Progress of educational organizations in dealing with the global change. As the teacher is considered as the most important factor in changing education, Farhangiān University as a new one plays a key role in training, preparing and empowering student-teachers, in accordance with Islāmic values and community needs, to enter the field of education in the future perspective. The main goal of this research was to provide a model for professional empowerment of teachers in the future perspective. It was a qualitative research. The research population consisted of upstream documents, professors of the University of Farhangiān in Golestān province, from which the research sample was selected using purposeful sampling method. Data were collected using qualitative content analysis from upstream documents and semi-structured interviews with 26 professors. The results showed that the extracted model has 63 indicators, 19 components and 6 dimensions for empowerment of teachers in the future perspective. The dimensions included curriculum and educational content (4 components), digital literacy (3 components), ethics and religious insight (3 components), improvement of internship (2 components), organizational structure (4 components), and professional teacher skills (3 components) which were identified at the University of Farhangiān. Dimensions, components and indicators of the model for professional empowerment can be the basis for improving the quality of teachers in the future perspective of the University of Farhangiān.

Background: Farhangian university is main source of effective manpower for elimination of the needs of human resources education and training. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate professional needs of Graduated New teachers of Farhangian University in Farsi language education in elementary school. Method: This research is descriptive survey in terms of its nature. The statistical population of the study was all graduates of Shahid Bahonar and Khajeh Naseer campuses in Kerman province. 384 students were selected by simple random sampling. Data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire whose reliability coefficient was 0.91 based on Cronbach's alpha. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test and ANOVA) were used. Results: The results of the research indicated that the ability of student teachers in the four dimensions of teaching, language knowledge, writing and returning poetry to prose was lower than average.There was a significant difference between male and female teachers in the ability of vocabulary and linguistic knowledge to have a significant difference at the level of (P

Background and Objective:Higher education administrators are looking for ways to increase the number of courses and disciplines. While university budgets are steadily declining, they are forced to increase their distance learning courses to meet the growing needs of learners during budget constraints and recessions. Because this type of training does not require a classroom and the nees less full-time instructors. Over the past two decades, the issue of quality and excellence in universities and higher education institutions has become one of the most important issues in the field of higher education, and especially in the newly-establisehd Farhangian University. National evaluation systems are designed to evaluate teaching and learning programs in universities; and they have attracted atttention at the international level in higher education research, and interest in improving education, both nationally and internationally has increased. An increasing number of universities in Iran have started virtual education courses. Farhangian University has also provided a good platform for these trainings, but so far it has not been able to institutionalize a proper and comprehensive quality education. Therefore, due to the fact that the quantitative growth of virtual education is progressing, yet no improvement has been made in the quality of education, the researchers have taken a step towards responding to these challenges and filling the gap in research literature of the field. The purpose of this study is to design and validate a quality improvement virtual learning model using a mixed method. Methods: In the quantitative section, 608 students and professors were using stratified random sampling method. In the qualitative section, 18 professors were interviewed. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive methods and the grounded theory was used for the analysis of the qualitative data. The data analysis was based on open and pivoted coding. Finally, 14 main categories including quality improvement of virtual education at the University of Farhangian were investigated as strategies, background conditions, intervening conditions and outcomes. Findings: Results suggested that learning-educating activities and human actors had a positive and significant effect on improving quality and deployment strategies. Moreover, deployment strategies exerted a positive and significant impact on quality improvement. Background features also affected deployment strategies and quality improvement in a positive and significant way. The effect of deployment strategies and quality improvement on individual, organizational and transactional outcomes was also significant. Conclusion: Considering the position of Farhangian University in the present models, the fair distribution of knowledge and ignorance of instructors’ character and the positive effect of recruiting distinguished instructors are emphasized in the results section. In causes section, in discussing strategies centralized decision making is referred to; and in strategy section, development of trust making and culture building for virtual learning is referred to that includes using the experiences of other countries. In intervening conditions section, using Web 2 and Web 3, prior knowledge of learners and the combination of face-to-face and virtual education at Farhangian University are mentioned. ===================================================================================== COPYRIGHTS ©2019 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. =====================================================================================

Although the impact of a leadership style has recognized over the years, there is a need for better understanding of its relationship with organizational optimism. This paper examines the impact of leadership style on organizational optimism with respect to the mediating role of psychological climate. Research method was applied based on aim and was quantitative based on data collecting with the approach of correlation. Based on a convenience method, 145 staff and professors working at Farhangian University were determined. To collect data, leadership style questionnaire (Lathans), psychological climate questionnaire (Koys & Decotiis) and organizational optimism questionnaire (Smith, Caputi & Crittenden) have used. For data analysis was used the Structural equation modeling. The results indicate that leadership style is not significantly related to organizational optimism, though psychological climate related positively to organizational optimism. The major hypothesis of this study also supported and results indicated (0.53) of the total effect of relationship-oriented leadership style indirectly explained by the psychological climate. According to the results, organizational optimism in University staff and professors can be improvement by using relationship-oriented leadership style.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explain the design of the optimal model for student selection in Farhangian University of Iran. Material & Method: The approach of the present research is qualitative and has been done using the Grounded theory method. Participants in the present study, education experts, student admissions (managers and experts) of Farhangian University, students who graduated from Farhangian University six years ago and are now employed in schools using the sampling method 27 of them were purposefolly interviewed. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview with which this number of researchers reached theoretical saturation. Strauss and Corben method was used to analyze the qualitative data. Result & Discussion: After open coding and formulation of basic concepts, 20 central codes in 6 selected codes were placed in the form of paradigm model. According to the results of this study, the most important contextual, causal, negotiator, strategies and consequences in choosing the optimal student selection model in Farhangian University are: current process damages, school conditions, teacher status, upstream documents, employment conditions in Society, teacher attraction in society, process-oriented selection, selection criteria, selection tools, elite recruitment and development of the educational system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]