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The objective of the trial was to evaluate the callogenesis in vine seedlings using filters by double grafting technique. The trial was conducted in 2017, it was used a completely randomized experimental design with two treatments and subdivided plots, two filters, two varieties and 5 levels of evaluation of callus and root. Treatments: A1 - Cabernet sauvingon crown variety, grafted in the filter 101 - 14 Mgta (Callus 2), with 4cm, grafted in Paulsen 1103(Callus 1), A2 - Merlot variety, SO4 filter, with 8cm (C2), grafted in Paulsen1103 (C1). The evaluation was made at the end of the stratification, following the classification table, which ranged from 0, without formation and 4, complete formation, callogenesis level used in the pattern for planting the grafts in the field. The lowest % of roots coincided with the highest levels of calogenesis. There was no difference between treatments, considering the sizes of filters, different varieties of filter and canopy, for the callogenesis. A1 and A2, presented an average of 92.02% for callus C1 and 7.75% for callus C2. The production of viable grafts for field planting was limited by the low formation of the callus filter/canopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The princess earring is an ornamental plant native to the southern region of Brazil, much appreciated due to the beauty of its outstanding and colorful flowers. This study evaluated the effect of different doses of synthetic auxin indolebutyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of herbaceous cuttings of Fuchsia regia (Vell.) Munz, native species, and Fuchsia hybrida Hort. Ex Siebert & Voss commercial variety 'General Monk Red Blue'. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse following a randomized block design with a 2x5 factorial arrangement (two genotypes of Fuchsia x five IBA doses). The IBA doses consisted in the concentrations of 0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg.L-1. Evaluations were performed 20 days after staking. The parameters evaluated were length of the largest root, number of roots per cutting, fresh weight and dry weight of the aerial part and roots. The concentration of 800 mg.L-1 of indolebutyric acid resulted in greater rooting of the cuttings of both Fuchsia materials tested. Therefore, the use of IBA (800 mg.L-1) provided better quality rooted cuttings, with greater length and number of roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nutritional management of the coffee clonal garden influences the production and physiological quality and seedlings production of vegetative propagules. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the seedlings' production from clonal cuttings taken from Coffea canephora mother plants grown with increasing nitrogen mineral doses. The cuttings were taken from C. canephora var. botany Robusta, from the Embrapa Genetic Improvement Program of Rondônia. The mother plants received nitrogen fertilizer at different doses: 0 (Control); 50; 100; 150; 200; 250 and 300 kg of N per hectare divided into 4 applications, during 150 days of orthotropic stems growth (shoots). The following parameters were evaluated: Dry mass of cuttings, nutritional content of cuttings, and seedlings production, with growth analysis at 0, 48, 61, 80, 101, 122, 143, and 164 days after staking (DAS) and analysis of vegetative characteristics at 122 DAS. The nitrogen fertilization in the mother plant resulted in the variation of macronutrient accumulation in cuttings, but the order K> N> Ca> P> Mg> S was maintained, regardless of N dose. In addition, a positive correlation between nitrogen doses and dry matter accumulation, as well as the physiological quality of seedlings was identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The black raspberry tree has a great potential for cultivation in Brazil, as it produces large amounts of fruit, intended mainly for the processing of fine products. However, its propagation is an obstacle to the establishment of commercial plantations. Given the above, the objective of the present work was to evaluate rhizogenesis in stem cuttings, with the interaction between substrates and types of basal cuts. The experiment was conducted in a screened condition in the Institution itself. Stem cuttings were taken from mother plants in the orchard of the experimental farm. The experimental design used in the experiment was randomized blocks, consisting of a 4x2 factorial scheme, with four substrates (sand, rice husks, commercial substrate and earth) x two basal cuts (straight and bevel). After thirty days, the percentage of rooted cuttings (%), average number of roots and shoots per cutting, length of the largest root (cm) and fresh and dry biomass of the shoot and root system (g) were evaluated. Black raspberry can be propagated asexually, with cuttings without injuries at the base and rooted in gully soil or Plantmax®. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hops (Humulus lupulus) is a plant with potential for cultivation in the Center-South region of Paraná, Brazil. However, there are no official Brazilian recommendations for production of seedlings or fertilization and liming. The aims of this work were to evaluate the production of hop seedlings and verify the development of hop plants grown in soil with different pH values and K2O rates, in the Center-South region of Paraná, Brazil. Three experiments were carried out: i) cuttings of a plant were dipped in a 1% indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) solution and placed in different substrates - the sprouting and survival of the hop seedlings was verified; ii) hop seedlings were transplanted to a soil with different pH values (4,5; 5,5; 6,0 and 6,5) - the development and nutrients uptake by the plants was evaluated; iii) hop seedlings were transplanted to a soil with different K2O rates added - the development and K uptake by the plants was assessed. The substrate for seedling production did not influence the sprouting of hop cuttings, but the presence of IBA reduced sprouting and growth up to 41 days. The pH 5,5 value in the soil provided the best hop development by increasing the production of fresh and dry biomass in comparison with pH 4,5. Hop plants in soil with pH 6,0 and 6,5 showed lower chlorophyll content, but maintained the same nutrient uptake. The production of dry biomass of hop plants and the K content of the roots increased with the K2O rates added to the soil, However, K was not transferred to the aerial part of the plants in the initial phase of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genus Mentha includes plants employed by the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries, multiplied by vegetal propagation. In fact, these plants produce a high percentage of sterile seeds. The performance of different concentrations of organic compounds and of minerals nitrogen and boron in the development of mint seedlings produced by cuttings is evaluated. Cuttings were made by the median section of the branch, 10 cm in length and three to four knots. Treatments comprised two liquid commercial formulations, soluble in water: the first contained organic carbon and used with doses 0; 0.025; 0.05; 0.10%; the second contained nitrogen and boron, with doses 0; 0.03; 0.06; and 0.12%. Control contained distilled water. Experimental design was totally randomized, with factorial scheme 2 x 4 (formulations and doses), with four replications of seven cuttings for each treatment. Number of leaves, buds, height of aerial part, length of the largest root, biomass of fresh and dry material of the aerial part and of root system were evaluated. Data underwent analysis of variance and means grouped by Scott-Knott test at 5%. Effects of doses of each formulation underwent analysis of regression. Addition to substrate of nitrogen and boron at concentrations 0.03% and 0.06%, immediately after cutting, may be recommended to stimulate the expansion of the volume of the root system and the development of the aerial part, with the production of mint seedlings with satisfactory commercial quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The success of vegetatively propagated pitaya seedling production depends on several factors, such as the proper choice of substrate for its rooting. It has been verified that the millicompost has contributed to the production of seedlings of some species, however, there are no reports for the pitaya. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the efficiency of the millicompost generated by the activity of the diplopod Trigoniulus corallinus in the cuttings of the red pitaya. The substrates used were: S1) millicompost, S2) sand + manure and S3) Biomix®. Characterizations of the physicochemical, chemical and physical properties of the substrates were carried out. The phytotechnical parameters evaluated in the pitaya cuttings were: number of shoots, the length of the largest shoot, fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots. The millicompost presented physicochemical, chemical and physical properties suitable for the development of the pitaya, whose nutrient levels and physical characteristics, in addition to being superior to the other substrates, were able to obtain seedlings of superior quality and size in relation to the original seedlings of the other two substrates tested. The millicompost represents an excellent alternative as an organic substrate for the vegetative propagation of the pitaya tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Talinum triangulare is a species which mainly propagates itself by seeds, cuttings from the plant´s branches are capable of producing roots. Current paper evaluates the influence of the harvest period, types of cuttings and root substrates and blooming of cuttings of T. triangulare. A totally randomized design was employed in subdivided splits, composed of four types of cuttings (root, basal, median and apical), three substrates (commercial Vivatto®, cleaned and sterilized sand and fine expanded vermiculite) and four harvest times for cuttings (summer, autumn, winter and spring). Evaluation of successful rooting of the cuttings was undertaken 40 days after planting when the stableness occurred in the number of blooming. Best results for variables analyzed were obtained in root cuttings, followed by basal cuttings. Greater percentages in rooting was observed in the autumn. Commercial substrate provided more vigorous seedlings even though sand and vermiculite were efficient in the survival of cuttings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

No Brasil, para a propagação de kiwizeiros (Actinidia deliciosa) são utilizados porta-enxertos oriundos de sementes, resultando em baixa uniformidade. Uma alternativa é a estaquia, por ser método simples, rápido, que gera indivíduos idênticos à planta matriz, mantendo as características agronômicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a época de coleta das estacas e o efeito do ácido indolbutírico (AIB) sobre o enraizamento de estacas de kiwizeiro ‘Bruno’. As estacas foram coletadas nos meses de maio, agosto e dezembro de 2016 e março de 2017; e tratadas com zero, 1.000, 2.000 e 4.000 mg L -1 de AIB, na forma de solução hidroalcoólica, por sete segundos. Após 90 dias, avaliou-se a percentagem de estacas enraizadas; mortas; brotadas; retenção foliar; comprimento médio das três maiores raízes; número médio de raízes primárias por estaca, além do conteúdo de reservas antes e após o enraizamento. Os tratamentos com AIB influenciam o enraizamento das estacas coletadas em maio, com 36,07% de enraizamento na concentração calculada de 2.320 mg L -1, e em dezembro, atingindo 57,59% de enraizamento na concentração de 4.000 mg L -1 de AIB. Nas condições do presente experimento recomenda-se o enraizamento de estacas de kiwizeiro ‘Bruno’ coletadas em dezembro, aplicando-se 4.000 mg L-1 de AIB.

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A escolha de uma espécie forrageira é um dos fatores mais importantes quando se visa à criação de ruminantes como fonte de renda. Objetivou-se analisar o crescimento e desenvolvimento de mudas de maniçoba em função de diferentes diâmetros e comprimentos de maniva submetidas à irrigação, no município de Serra Talhada-PE, região do Semiárido brasileiro. O material vegetal utilizado para análise propagativa foi à espécie forrageira maniçoba (Manihot glaziovii Müll. Arg.). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjado fatorial 3x3, sendo três diâmetros de maniva (2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 cm) e três comprimentos de maniva (10; 15 e 20 cm), com oito repetições. As características analisadas foram: número de brotações, comprimento das brotações e número de folhas. Mudas de maniçoba podem ser produzidas por propagação assexuada, utilizando-se manivas com diâmetro de 3,0 cm e comprimento entre 15 e 20 cm. A utilização de propagação vegetativa apresenta boa taxa de brotação, auxiliando assim na propagação da espécie.

The use of cuttings is common in plant propagation, mainly because it eliminates the disadvantages of sexual propagation. The essential factor for successful propagation by cuttings is the rooting capacity of the stakes. In this way, is common an exogenous application of phytoregulators in the cuttings, such as indolbutyric acid (IBA), in order to stimulate a better rooting of the cuttings. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of three concentrations of indolbultiric acid on the formation and development of the root system and leaf sprouts in different classes of stem cuttings of Brazilian lavender (Aloysia gratissima). The branches of lavender were collected and separated in herbaceous, semi-woody and woody cuttings. The cuttings were disinfected in a 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and subjected to treatments with IBA at concentrations of 0, 1500 and 3000 ppm. A 3x3 factorial scheme (concentration x type of pile) with three blocks was used, with the design adopted in the experiment in randomized blocks. Cuttings survival rates, rooting and leaf buds were evaluated, as well as the average number of roots and the average length of the largest root. The herbaceous cuttings did not survive to the acclimatization period. The semi-hardwoods and woody ones had a low survival rate and proved to be inefficient in rooting under the effect of AIB. The best results were found in the concentration of 0 ppm, mainly in semi-hardwood cuttings, with a higher occurrence of live, rooted cuttings with sprouts. The efficiency rates observed in the analyzed parameters may be associated with the rooting time, environmental conditions and the applied IBA doses, since the concentrations used may have resulted in an inhibitory effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência Agronômica is the property of Revista Ciencia Agronomica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ora-pro-nóbis, conhecido popularmente como “carne de pobre”, é utilizado pelo potencial alimentício e medicinal. A propagação por estacas caulinares constitui a forma de multiplicação usualmente empregada. No entanto, existem poucos estudos sobre o cultivo desse vegetal. Dessa forma, o objetivo com esse trabalho foi avaliar o perfil de brotações estacas caulinares de ora-pro-nóbis em substrato de casca de arroz carbonizada. O estudo foi desenvolvido no Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (ICA/UFMG). O experimento foi instalado em Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC), contendo três tratamentos, estacas do tipo apical, mediana e basal, com respectivamente 30, 60 e 30 repetições. O substrato constitui-se de casca de arroz carbonizada e areia lavada (1:1). Inicialmente, determinou-se o número de gemas e o diâmetro por tipo estaca e porção, avaliado pelo programa SAEG. O número, comprimento e a taxa de sobrevivência foram analisados pelo erro padrão em programa Microsoft Excel® 2013. As estacas do tipo apical apresentaram mais gemas. As primeiras emissões de brotos foram observadas após sete dias do plantio para as estacas medianas e basais. Verificou-se menor taxa de sobrevivência e menor número de brotações em estacas apicais. Quanto ao tipo, as estacas basais destacaram no comprimento nas posições medianas e basais. Estacas basais e medianas apresentaram melhores resultados de número de brotações nas porções. Conclui-se que estacas medianas e basais de ramos de P. aculeata foram mais viáveis e apresentaram mais brotações aos 37 dias. Pesquisas como esta constitui um dado novo, sendo necessários futuros estudos sobre o perfil de enraizamento da espécie.

A propagação assexuada das Spondias pelo método de estaquia apresenta fortes limitações, não dispondo de tecnologias para a produção comercial de mudas, principalmente quanto ao uso de enraizadores e substratos que potencialize seu desenvolvimento. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o enraizamento de estacas de cajaraneira sob doses de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) e em diferentes substratos. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3 × 5, três substratos (comercial - tropstrato; solo+esterco bovino [1v:1v]; esterco bovino+esterco de galinha [1v:1v]) e com cinco concentrações de AIB (0, 600, 1.200, 1.800 e 2.400 mg L-1), usando quatro repetições e 10 estacas por unidade experimental. Aos 115 dias após a montagem do experimento, foram avaliados: número de folhas, de folíolos, de brotos e de raízes; comprimento do broto, das folhas e da raiz; diâmetro do broto; número e comprimento de raízes; porcentagens de estacas calejadas, estacas vivas, estacas brotadas com raiz e estacas brotadas; massa seca das folhas (g), dos brotos (g), das raízes (g) e total (g). Diante dos resultados, observou-se que o regulador de crescimento (AIB) não influenciou o enraizamento de estacas lenhosas de cajaraneira e que o substrato comercial tropstrato proporcionou maior enraizamento de estacas, seguido do substrato solo+esterco bovino (1v:1v). O substrato esterco bovino+esterco de galinha (1v:1v) mostrou-se inadequado para a produção de mudas de cajaraneira propagadas por estaquia.

O maracujá-do-mato (Passiflora actinia Hook) é utilizado como porta-enxerto para diferentes espécies de maracujá devido à sua tolerância à baixas temperaturas. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a eficiência da técnica de estaquia caulinar na propagação vegetativa de P. actinia em função de concentrações de ácido indol butírico (IBA) e método de aplicação. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal do Paraná, no período de agosto a outubro de 2016. Estacas semilenhosas com 10 cm de comprimento foram tratadas com 0, 1.500 e 3.000 mg Kg-1/mg L-1 de IBA na forma de talco e em solução, plantadas em tubetes, o substrato foi vermiculita. Após 60 dias, foram avaliadas a porcentagem de enraizamento, presença de calos, sobrevivência, brotações novas, número de raízes/estacas e comprimento médio da maior raiz. A maior porcentagem de enraizamento (85,94%) e número de raízes/estaca foram encontradas nos tratamentos com IBA na forma de talco, nas concentrações de 3.000 mg kg-1 e 1.500 mg Kg-1, respectivamente. A estaquia de P. actinia é um método de propagação eficiente. O uso de IBA, em ambas as formas de aplicação, promoveu de forma eficiente o enraizamento da espécie, sendo recomendada a aplicação na concentração de 1.500 mg Kg-1 ou mg L-1.

Species of the genus Spondias, such as ambarella, are propagated primarily by vegetative parts. However, for planting it is necessary to use plant regulators. In addition to propagation related aspects, the availability of good quality water for seedling production in semi-arid regions is a limiting factor. The objective of this work was to evaluate the rooting of semi-herbaceous cuttings of ambarella using different concentrations of IBA conveyed in solution and talc, irrigated with different concentrations of treated domestic effluent. The experiment was carried out in a nursery with 50% shade in a completely randomized design in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme consisting of four doses of treated domestic effluent (EDT) diluted in water supply [E1 = 0% of EDT (100% AA - control); E2 = 33.3% of EDT (66.7% of AA); E3 = 66.7% of EDT (33.3% of AA) and E4 = 100% of EDT (0% AA)] used in daily irrigation and four IBA dilution managements (M1 = control without IBA, M2 = IBA carried in water at 6,000 mg L-1, M3 = IBA delivered in alcohol (70%) at 4,000 mg L-1 and M4 = IBA in Talc at 5000 mg L-1), with four replicates. The treated domestic effluent is viable for irrigation of ambarella seedlings in its diluted or concentrated. The use of 5,000 mg L-1 of IBA delivered to talc is management satisfactory for the propagation of seedlings of ambarella by means of semi-herbaceous cuttings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Caatinga passion fruit (Passiflora actinia Hook) is used as rootstock for different passion fruit species due to its tolerance to low temperatures. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the stem cutting technique in the vegetative propagation of P. actinia according to different concentrations of indole butyric acid (IBA) and application methods. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Federal University of Parana, between August and October 2016. Semi-woody stem cuttings measuring 10 cm long were treated with 0, 1500, and 3000 mg Kg-1/mg L-1 IBA in talc and solution, and then planted in plastic tubes with vermiculite as substrate. After 60 days, the stem cuttings were evaluated for rooting percentage, presence of callus, survival, new shoots, number of roots per cuttings and average length of the longest root. The best rooting percentage (85.94%) and number of roots/cuttings were found in cuttings treated with IBA in talc at 3.000 mg Kg-1 and 1.500 mg Kg-1, respectively. P. actinia propagation by stem cuttings is an efficient method. IBA, in both application forms, efficiently promoted the rooting of the species and can be recommended at the concentration of 1.500 mg Kg-1 or mg L-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Agrotecnologia is the property of Universidade Estadual de Goias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar as influências da época, da concentração de AIB e da presença de folhas na propagação por estaquia da oliveira 'Koroneiki'. Estacas de 10 cm de comprimento foram retiradas da porção mediana de ramos de plantas de três anos de idade, na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, entre junho de 2013 e março de 2014. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições de dez estacas, sendo um fatorial triplo [épocas (junho, setembro, dezembro, março); número de pares de folhas (0, 1 e 2) e concentração de AIB (0, 1.000, 2.000 e 3.000 mg L-1)]. O tratamento com AIB consistiu na imersão rápida da base da estaca, por cinco segundos, seguida do plantio em tubetes com substrato comercial. Após, as estacas permaneceram em câmara úmida, sob nebulização, por 60 dias. Decorrido este período, mensuraram-se a sobrevivência (%), a formação de calos (%), o número de brotos por estaca e o enraizamento (%). Para maiores sobrevivência, formação de calo e enraizamento é necessária a manutenção de, pelo menos, um par de folhas nas estacas. A estaquia em dezembro não é recomendada, independentemente das técnicas auxiliares utilizadas. Sem a utilização de AIB, recomenda-se realizar a estaquia em junho e setembro, desde que mantido um par de folhas. Para a estaquia realizada em março, deve-se manter pelo menos um par de folhas, em combinação com doses de 2.000 ou 3.000 mg L-1 de AIB.

ABSTRACT: Lychee is one of the most popular exotic fruits in Brazil, and has both in natura and industrial potential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the number of leaflets on lychee herbaceous cuttings treated with the indolebutyric acid (1000mg L-1). The experimental design was completely randomized, with 4 replications and 10 cuttings per experimental plot. Treatments consisted of cuttings with zero (0), one (1), two (2), three (3), and four (4) leaflets. After 180 days, the rooting and survival percentages and the number and length of roots were evaluated. The data were subjected to polynomial regression analysis. The increase in the number of leaflets was advantageus for all studied variables, with an increase in the survival, rooting of cuttings, and number and length of roots. The herbaceous cuttings of lychee tree are viable, provided that at least four leaflets remain in the herbaceous cutting.

ABSTRACT: The commercial propagation of rose bushes is carried out asexually by the cutting method. The genetic material and the substrate are factors that interfere in the rhizogenic process of the cuttings. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the substrate on the rooting of cuttings of two hybrid rose bushes. Floriferous branches of matrix plants were cut at the apex and at the base, approximately 8cm long and with two buds, and the basal leaf was removed. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme (two cultivars, Tineke and Natal Briar × three substrates, carbonized rice husk, coconut fiber and TN Gold®) containing four replicates of 15 cuttings per replicate. The base of the cuttings was immersed for five seconds in IBA 2000mg L-1 solution (indole butyric acid). The cuttings were placed in trays with 24 cells previously filled with substrate and deposited on the floor in a transparent plastic tunnel, built inside a stove. After the 50-day experiment, rootstocks (%), sprouts (%) and dead (%), root length (cm), fresh and dry shoot biomass and roots (g) were evaluated. The rooting percentage of the Natal Briar cultivar was 75%, thus superior to the Tineke cultivar, which had a rooting percentage of 39%. The best substrates for the Tineke and Natal Briar rose cuttings are CAC and coconut fiber, which provided rooting percentages of 81% and 67% of the cuttings, respectively.

Abstract Phytoregulators such as indole butyric acid (IBA), have been used in the process of olive tree rooting in the form of concetrated hydroalcoholic solutions. The objective of this present study was to evaluate the efficiency of a low concentration of IBA (300 mg L-1), diluted in a solution of only 10% of alcohol 70 oGL, in the rooting of four olive tree cultivars (Arbequina, Arbosana, Frantoio and Koroneiki), treated in different times of base immersion (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours). The rooting was carried out in november 2015, in greenhouse with an irrigation system type intermittent mist chamber. The cuttings standard were 12 cm length and two pairs of leaves, planted in plastic tubings, containing carbonized rice husk as substrate. The experimental design was achieved in randomized blocks, in factorial arrangement of 4 x 5, with four replications and 12 cuttings per plot. After 70 days of rooting it was verified that the increase of treatment time affected the leaf retention, survival and rooting negativelly. Leaf retention presented positive relationship with survival and rooting. The treatment for one hour in a solution of IBA was effective in the cuttings rooting stimulus of cultivar Arbosana (66,7%). Cultivars Koroneiki and Arbequina presented low or null rooting whether or not the IBA was used.

O uso de ácido indolbutírico (IBA) como estimulador do enraizamento em estacas de Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. pode propiciar aumento de raízes para a formação de mudas comercializáveis. Objetivou-se avaliar o enraizamento, a formação de brotos e a sobrevivência de estacas herbáceas, lenhosas e semi-lenhosas de Bougainvillea com o uso de ácido indolbutírico (IBA). As estacas foram coletadas e tratadas com o IBA (1000 e 2000 mg/l). Aos 56 dias avaliaram-se a porcentagem de estacas vivas, enraizadas e com brotos; o número de brotos e de raízes por estaca e o comprimento da maior raiz e maior broto. As menores porcentagens de enraizamento foram verificadas nas estacas sem o uso de IBA. Maiores diferenças foram verificadas para as estacas lenhosas. O uso do IBA favorece o enraizamento de estacas de Bougainvillea, com melhor desempenho para as estacas lenhosas e na concentração de 2000 mg/l de IBA

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada, de plantas matrizes, no enraizamento de estacas de amoreira-preta. O experimento foi realizado na Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 2x5, ou seja, dois cultivares ('Tupy' e 'Xavante') e cinco doses de nitrogênio (N) (0,0; 7,5; 15,0; 22,5 e 30,0 g planta-1). Avaliaram-se a percentagem (%) de estacas enraizadas, com calo, vivas, brotadas, o comprimento da maior raiz e da maior brotação (cm), o número de raízes e de brotações por estaca. Quanto ao enraizamento e ao número de raízes por estaca verificou-se aumento linear com o acréscimo da dose de N aplicada na planta matriz, efeito contrário ao observado na variável calo. O comprimento da maior brotação, o número de raízes e de brotações, além da percentagem de estacas brotadas foram maiores no cultivar ''Xavante'' (2,68, 3,02, 1,22 e 52,08, respectivamente). Quanto à percentagem de estacas vivas destacou-se o cultivar 'Tupy' (98,55%). Por essa razão, conclui-se que o uso do nitrogênio em plantas matrizes pode ser benéfico ao enraizamento de estacas de amoreira-preta, bem como ao desenvolvimento inicial do sistema radicular e da parte aérea das novas plantas, porém com efeitos negativos aos parâmetros comprimento da maior raiz e percentagem de calo.

Brazilian pine or araucaria (Araucaria angustifolia) is a coniferous tree with great economic, social and environmental importance in southern Brazil, being exploited for both wood production and for its edible pine nuts. However, no efficient cloning techniques are available and, therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vegetative rescue methods for cuttings propagation of the species. Shoots/cuttings were generated in two ways: 26 years old trees underwent coppicing and 20 years old trees had the primary branches on the upper third of crown pruned at 2, 20 and 50 cm from the main trunk. Orthotropic shoots were rooted after application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 0, 2, 4 and 6 g.L-1. Coppicing produced 47 cuttings per plant with 90% orthotropic shoots, while pruning resulted in 182 cuttings per plant with 44% orthotropic shoots. Rooting success indexes were low with no influence of IBA, although they are slightly superior to the ones available in the literature for the species, ranging from 12 to 30% for the coppice shoots and from 0 to 28% for the branches shoots. We conclude that both vegetative rescue techniques are viable and have potentially important applications. Coppicing is recommended for the propagation aiming the production of wood, while shoots derived from the side branches of the crown are more appropriate for seeds orchards formation.

RESUMO Piper hispidum é uma espécie pioneira pertencente à família Piperaceae, com importância na medicina popular e na obtenção de óleo essencial. Assim como outras espécies da família, possui poucas informações sobre técnicas de cultivo. O objetivo foi avaliar a propagação via estaquia de Piper hispidum em função do tipo de substrato e estaca em Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. O experimento foi realizado na Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 (estacas) x 5 (substratos), com três repetições de 12 estacas, sendo as estacas (apical, mediana e basal) e os substratos (areia lavada, substrato comercial, solo + esterco de aves, solo + casca de guaraná e fibra de coco). Foram avaliadas: enraizamento (%), número de brotações, comprimento da maior brotação (cm), número de folhas, comprimento da maior raiz (cm), massa seca da raiz (g) e massa seca das brotações (g). Foi realizada análise de variância pelo teste F a 5% de probabilidade e para as médias foi realizado o teste Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Recomenda-se utilizar estacas apicais e basais, nesta ordem. Ocorreu interação entre os fatores substrato e tipos de estaca somente para variável número de brotações. Os substratos areia lavada e substrato comercial são indicados para maiores porcentagens de enraizamento com 81,56% e 81,33%, respectivamente. O enraizamento foi superior nas estacas apicais (85,67%) e basais (74,47%). Porém, para esta espécie os substratos solo + esterco de aves e/ou solo + casca de guaraná foram mais indicados quando o objetivo é obter estacas de qualidade.

The commercial propagation of rose bushes is carried out asexually by the cutting method. The genetic material and the substrate are factors that interfere in the rhizogenic process of the cuttings. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the substrate on the rooting of cuttings of two hybrid rose bushes. Floriferous branches of matrix plants were cut at the apex and at the base, approximately 8cm long and with two buds, and the basal leaf was removed. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (two cultivars, Tineke and Natal Briar x three substrates, carbonized rice husk, coconut fiber and TN Gold®) containing four replicates of 15 cuttings per replicate. The base of the cuttings was immersed for five seconds in IBA 2000mg L-1 solution (indole butyric acid). The cuttings were placed in trays with 24 cells previously filled with substrate and deposited on the floor in a transparent plastic tunnel, built inside a stove. After the 50-day experiment, rootstocks (%), sprouts (%) and dead (%), root length (cm), fresh and dry shoot biomass and roots (g) were evaluated. The rooting percentage of the Natal Briar cultivar was 75%, thus superior to the Tineke cultivar, which had a rooting percentage of 39%. The best substrates for the Tineke and Natal Briar rose cuttings are CAC and coconut fiber, which provided rooting percentages of 81% and 67% of the cuttings, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this study were to analyze the in vitro germination, seed germination processes and determine the best conditions of the vegetative propagation of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.). The morphobiometric traits of the seed were measured. Different sucrose concentrations during in vitro germination were analyzed. The effects of using indole-butyric acid (AIB) on the adventitious rooting of three types of sacha inchi cutting were also assessed. The percentages of foliar retention, rooted cuttings, cuttings with sprouting and mortality, number of roots per cutting, length of the largest root and dry mass of aerial part and roots were evaluated. Sacha inchi was found to exhibit phanerocotylar epigeal germination, taking from 20 to 25 days. For in vitro cultivation, MS culture medium without the addition of sucrose was used to obtain higher germination rates (70%). The types of cutting used in vegetative propagation produced satisfactory adventitious roots (> 50%), but apical cuttings were more efficient. They were also capable of rooting without the application of AIB, but concentrations of between 0.10 and 0.20 mg L-1 AIB are recommended in the vegetative propagation of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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As new variety option, given the above, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the formation of four rustic grapevine variety on two rootstock cultivars by table grafting. The experiment was conducted on private property in Toledo city, Paraná, Brazil. There was carried out the treatment of the rootstock cuttings in a rooting solution remains emerged in water for six days. Later they were placed in a plastic bags, with the substrate soil from the topsoil. Then there was the grafting table. After 20, 40 and 60 days of grafting, there were evaluated the percentage of shoots. After, there were quantified the percentage of compatibility between rootstock and scion and average length of the graft. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial 4 x 2, containing 4 replicates and 100 cuttings per treatment. The scion Concord Clone 30 grafted onto the 420-A showed a higher percentage of shoots. However, the scion Venus was higher than for the same parameter when grafted onto the rootstock IAC-766 Campinas. To the percentage of compatibility, it is best combination of Violeta scion grafted onto rootstock 420-A. Both rootstocks are for the variety tested, because they presented high percentage of fruit set and good compatibility. The 420-A rootstock is best suited for the canopy variety Concord Clone 30 and Violeta. To variety Venus the IAC-766 Campinas rootstock was more vigorous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dificuldade em produzir clones de Acacia mearnsii por estaquia, em função das baixas taxas de enraizamento, constitui um empecilho para o uso desta técnica. O objetivo deste estudo foi o desenvolvimento de um protocolo de desinfestação para introdução in vitro de segmentos nodais de clones selecionados de A. mearnsii, visando aprimorar o melhoramento genético da espécie para plantios florestais. A desinfestação de propágulos, provenientes de jardim clonal, foi realizada combinando diferentes produtos e concentrações (álcool etílico 70%, hipoclorito de sódio, plant preservative mixture e cloreto de mercúrio), tempo de imersão e tamanho dos segmentos nodais (4 mm e 10 mm). Segmentos nodais de 10 mm responderam melhor ao tratamento de desinfestação, com 80% de sobrevivência, combinando álcool etílico 70%, cloreto de mercúrio a 0,4% e hipoclorito de sódio a 2%.

ABSTRACT Nursery trees of stone fruits (Prunus spp.) are traditionally produced by union of two distinct genotypes - the rootstock and the scion - which, by grafting, form a composite plant that will be maintained throughout of all plant life. In Brazil, the rootstocks are predominantly seed propagated and therefore usually results in heterogeneous trees for vigor and edaphic adaptation. However, with advances in rootstock breeding programs that released cultivars and certification in several countries (notably in Europe), the system will come gradually evolving for vegetative propagation (cuttings and tissue culture) and use of seeds of selected rootstocks with specific characteristics and potted nursery trees production. For scion cultivar propagation, the budding system (with its many variations) has predominantly been adopted in major producing countries. This review had as objective to comment main propagation methods adopted for rootstocks and scion in peach, nectarine and plum, and recent technical progress obtained as well as the needs of improvement for nursery tree production.

Embora os reguladores de crescimento do grupo das auxinas sejam comumente utilizados para induzir o enraizamento de estacas, nos últimos anos, as pesquisas têm voltado interesse para obtenção de métodos alternativos de indução da rizogênese em estacas de plantas de difícil propagação vegetativa, como a do pessegueiro cv. ‘Chimarrita’. Isso faz com que a tiririca, planta encontrada em larga escala em grande parte do mundo, apresente-se como uma alternativa para a promoção de enraizamento de estacas, por possuir compostos fenólicos que apresentam efeito sinergístico com a auxina endógena. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de enraizamento de estacas lenhosas de pessegueiro cv. ‘Chimarrita’ com a aplicação de diferentes concentrações do extrato aquoso de Cyperus rotundus L. em comparação com a aplicação do regulador de crescimento ácido indol-3-acético. Os tratamentos consistiram em diferentes concentrações de extratos aquosos do sistema radicular e de parte aérea de C. rotundus L. e do regulador de crescimento ácido indol-3-acético. Avaliou-se a percentagem de estacas vivas, de estacas enraizadas, de calos, o comprimento da raiz primária e a matéria seca do sistema radicular. O extrato aquoso de parte aérea e sistema radicular de C. rotundus L. não promove o enraizamento de estacas lenhosas de pessegueiro cv. ‘Chimarrita’ no período de 90 dias. A concentração de ácido indol-3-acético 500 mg L-1 é a que promove maior enraizamento de estacas lenhosas de pessegueiro.

Viticulture is an important agricultural activity in semiarid northeastern Brazil, and the quality and ease of vine propagation are very important in this context. This study evaluated the use of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as an alternative to indolebutyric acid (IBA) in the rooting of vine rootstock cuttings. The trial was conducted at the Universidade Federal de Sergipe (São Cristóvão-SE) between January and March 2010 with cuttings of the rootstocks of 'IAC-766', 'IAC-572', and 'Paulsen 1103' treated with 2,4-D or IBA applied at concentrations of 0, 1000, 2000, or 3000 rng-L-1 for 5 s and planted in a field on washed sand. At 56 days after planting, the percentages of rooted, sprouted, callused, and dead cuttings were evaluated, and also the average number and length of the rooted cuttings. The results showed that 2,4-D was not superior to IBA in the characteristics wanted for the rooting process of the vine rootstock cuttings. The vine rootstocks showed potential for propagation by cutting without auxin application. It was observed that the high concentrations were the worst for the rooting of the cuttings.

Passiflora mucronata Lam. apresenta como características ser ornamental, medicinal e resistente à bacteriose nas folhas, além de ser altamente resistente à antracnose nos frutos e ramos. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a forma de veiculação, líquida ou sólida, e as concentrações do ácido indol-3-butírico (AIB) no enraizamento adventício de estacas de P. mucronata. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x5 (formas de veiculação do AIB: líquida e sólida x concentrações de AIB: 0; 250; 500; 750 e 1000 mg L-1, se líquido, ou mg Kg-1, se sólido), com quatro repetições, de 16 estacas cada. As características avaliadas foram enraizamento (%), número de raiz, comprimento da maior raiz (cm), volume de raiz (cm³) e massa de matéria seca de raiz (g). Verificou-se que o enraizamento de estacas de P. mucronata Lam. independe da forma como é veiculado o AIB, se sólida ou líquida, porém a qualidade do sistema radicular, avaliada por meio do número, volume e massa de matéria seca de raízes, foi superior à obtida ao se empregar o AIB sólido. O comportamento do enraizamento, do número e do comprimento de raízes foi linear crescente, até a máxima concentração de AIB (1000 mg L-1 ou mg Kg-1).

Bandejas com diferente número de células (128, 200 e 288) e dois substratos (fibra de casca de coco e casca de pinus) foram avaliados para a produção de mudas de tomilho e sobre o desempenho das plantas em sistema hidropônico. Para ambos os experimentos, o delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso. As mudas provenientes de estaquia foram avaliadas aos 30 dias quanto ao comprimento e massa seca de raízes. Aos 40 dias após o transplante das mudas, as plantas cultivadas em sistema hidropônico foram avaliadas quanto à massa fresca da parte aérea, massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca das raízes. A maior massa seca de raízes foi obtida para as mudas cultivadas em substrato à base de casca de fibra de coco. As mudas com maior comprimento de raízes foram obtidas nas bandejas com 128 e 200 células. As plantas de tomilho provenientes de mudas produzidas em bandejas de 128 células apresentaram maior massa fresca da parte aérea, massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca das raízes.

A erva-baleeira, espécie medicinal anti-inflamatória, pode ser propagada por sementes, no entanto, o desenvolvimento de métodos eficientes para a propagação vegetativa possibilitará a uniformidade nas populações e a clonagem de plantas de interesse quanto aos aspectos agronômico e de composição química. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos do ácido naftaleno acético (NAA) e do ácido indolbutírico (IBA) e de diferentes substratos no enraizamento de estacas semi-lenhosas de erva-baleeira. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação em Montes Claros em delineamento inteiramente casualizados. Para o experimento teste da influência das auxinas, as estacas foram submetidas a tratamentos com NAA e IBA nas concentrações de 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 e 4000 mg L-1, e para o experimento dos substratos, cinco substratos foram avaliados (vermiculita expandida + casca de arroz parcialmente carbonizada (proporção de 1:1); vermiculita expandida; substrato orgânico comercial para hortaliça (Tropstrato HT ®); areia; solo + compostagem (proporção de 1:1)). Após 90 dias, para ambos os experimentos, foram avaliadas porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, de estacas mortas, de estacas vivas com calos, de estacas mortas com calos, número de raízes formadas por estaca e comprimento das três maiores raízes (cm). O regulador vegetal ideal para o enraizamento da espécie é o IBA, na concentração de 2.000 mg L-1, sendo que o NAA não é recomendado para a indução radicial em estacas erva-baleeira. O substrato vermiculita com casca de arroz carbonizada na proporção de 1:1 proporcionou maior porcentagem de enraizamento nas estacas da erva-baleira que o substrato solo + compostagem (1:1), os demais substratos não diferenciaram entre si.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509814574 Psychotria nuda (Cham. & Schltdl.) Wawra (Rubiaceae) is a native species from the Dense Ombrophylous Forest (dense tropical rain forest), typical in the low altitude areas of the forest, with occurrence in the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina. Due to the presence of yellow flowers with red receptacle and anise colored fruits, the plant has an ornamental potential, such as a pharmaceutical potential, thanks to the variety of alkaloids that have already been isolated demonstrating structural diversity of its active components. This work aimed to verify the effect on stem cuttings rooting of different collection environments and of different phenophases of Psychotria nuda stock plants at the time of collection, and to verify what is the correlation between variables defined as percentage of rooted cuttings, number of roots per cutting and average length of the three longest roots per each cutting (cm) with permanence of two half leaves and formation of callus. Phenophases are intended as different times of the year in which stock plants presented distinct phenological characteristics. In the two phenophases studied (phenophases 1 and 2) canopy sprouts were collected in Antonina, Paraná state, from two different environments (plain and hillside) of the Dense Ombrophylous Forest (dense tropical rain forest). Cuttings were prepared with 10 to 13 cm length and two halved leaves. After 60 days in a greenhouse, the percentage of cuttings with roots, with callus, alive, dead, the number of roots per cutting and the length of the three longer roots per each rooted cutting were evaluated. The collection environments and the phenophases at the time of collection influenced the percentage of rooting, such that the phenophase 1 and the hillside environment were the conditions that resulted in the best rooting percentage (90%). The permanence of leaves during rooting period helped, in most cases, the formation of adventitious roots. Anticipated formation of callus supported rooting in phenophase 2, while in phenophase 1 the formation of adventitious roots was independent from callus formation.

A Aloysia triphylla (L'Hér.) Britton é uma planta medicinal de porte arbustivo com folhas aromáticas que possuem óleo essencial rico em citral. A crescente demanda da indústria farmacêutica e cosmética pelo óleo essencial de A. triphylla promoveram grande interesse sobre o cultivo dessa espécie. A estaquia é um dos principais métodos de propagação devido à dificuldade em obter sementes, e também pela vantagem dos descendentes serem iguais à planta-matriz. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de AIB e do comprimento das estacas no enraizamento de estacas de A. triphylla. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido no período de Novembro de 2010 a Janeiro de 2011. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial onde os fatores foram cinco concentrações de ácido indol butírico (AIB) (mg L-1): 0, 250, 500, 1000 e 1500, e quatro comprimentos de estaca: 4, 6, 8 e 10 cm. As estacas tiveram a base imersa em solução de AIB e foram colocadas para enraizar em substrato comercial Mecplant®. As variáveis analisadas foram: comprimento do sistema radicular, percentagem de estacas enraizadas (%), número de brotações, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, e massa seca das raízes. Nas condições em que o estudo foi realizado os resultados mostraram que o comprimento das estacas e concentração de AIB afetam o desenvolvimento das estacas, apresentando ajuste quadrático e linear para as variáveis analisadas. As mudas obtidas a partir de estacas com 10 cm e concentração de 1500 mg L-1 de AIB apresentaram a maior percentagem de enraizamento e as maiores médias para o comprimento do sistema radicular, número de brotações, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea.

The noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) belongs to the Rubiaceae family, growing extensively among the Pacific islands, being considered one of the most significant traditional medicine plants of these communities. Its introduction occurred only a few years ago and because of this, there is still not enough propagating material for cultivation on a commercial scale, but in the last decades there has been a significant increase in commercial interest in relation to the products containing this plant, mainly the juice of noni fruits. The objective of this study was to evaluate different substrates in the rooting of noni cuttings. The experiment was conducted at the seedling nursery at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo. Beech cuttings were harvested in 20 cm long noni adult plants and placed in 290 mL tubing on substrates: soil, sand, bioplant® and vermiculite. The design was completely randomized, with five replications of twelve stakes, being evaluated after 120 days the variables: survival of the stakes; number of leaves; collecting diameter; root length; volume of roots; root green mass; green leaves; dry mass root and dry mass leaves. The soil substrate showed to be superior to the other substrates, being recommended the early transplant of noni cuttings rooted in tubes.The noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) belongs to the Rubiaceae family, growing extensively among the Pacific islands, being considered one of the most significant traditional medicine plants of these communities. Its introduction occurred only a few years ago and because of this, there is still not enough propagating material for cultivation on a commercial scale, but in the last decades there has been a significant increase in commercial interest in relation to the products containing this plant, mainly the juice of noni fruits. The objective of this study was to evaluate different substrates in the rooting of noni cuttings. The experiment was conducted at the seedling nursery at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo. Beech cuttings were harvested in 20 cm long noni adult plants and placed in 290 mL tubing on substrates: soil, sand, bioplant® and vermiculite. The design was completely randomized, with five replications of twelve stakes, being evaluated after 120 days the variables: survival of the stakes; number of leaves; collecting diameter; root length; volume of roots; root green mass; green leaves; dry mass root and dry mass leaves. The soil substrate showed to be superior to the other substrates, being recommended the early transplant of noni cuttings rooted in tubes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to low rates of rooting it is difficult to propagate selected clones of Acacia mearnsii by cuttings. The purpose of this study was to define a protocol for disinfection of nodal segments for in vitro introduction, aiming to improve the species genetically for forest plantation. Combination of different products concentration (70% ethyl alcohol, sodium hypochlorite, plant preservative mixture and mercuric chloride), immersion period and size of nodal segment were tested. The best disinfection treatment was the combination of 70% ethanol, 0.4% mercuric chloride, sodium hypochlorite at 2% in nodal segments of 10 mm, with 80% survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ora-pro-nóbis, popularly known as "poor meat", is used by the food and medicinal potential. The propagation by stem cuttings is the form of multiplication usually employed, however, there are few studies on the cultivation of this plant. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the profile of buds of ora-pro-nóbis in substrate of carbonized rice husk. The study was developed at the Institute of Agrarian Sciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (ICA / UFMG). The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design (DIC), containing three treatments: apical, medial and basal cuttings, with 30, 60 and 30 repetitions, respectively. The substrate consists of charred rice husk and washed sand (1: 1). Initially, the number of buds and the diameter by cutting type and portion, evaluated by the SAEG program, were determined. The number, length and survival rate were analyzed by the standard error in Microsoft Excel® 2013 program. Apical type cuttings presented more buds. The first shoot emissions were observed after seven days of planting for the medium and basal cuttings. There was a lower survival rate and fewer shoots on apical cuttings. As for the portion of the cutting, basal cuttings stood out in length in the median and basal positions. The basal and median stakes showed better results in the number of shoots in the portions. It was concluded that medium and basal cuttings of P. aculeata branches were more viable and showed more shoots at 37 days. Researches such as this constitute a new data, and future studies on the rooting profile of the species are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although growth regulators of the auxin group are normally used to induce rooting of cuttings, in recent years, research has been of interest to obtain alternative methods for the induction of rhizogenesis in cuttings of plants with difficult vegetative propagation, such as Peach tree cv. ‘Chimarrita'. This makes the Cyperus rotundus L. a large-scale plant found in much of the world, an alternative for the induction of rooting in cuttings, because it has phenolic compounds that have a synergistic effect with the endogenous auxin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rooting capacity of hardwood peach cuttings with the application of different concentrations of aqueous extract of C. rotundus L. in comparison with the application of the plant growth regulator indole- 3-acetic acid. The treatments consisted of different concentrations of the aqueous extracts of roots and shoots of C. rotundus L. and the growth regulator indole-3-acetic acid. The percentage of live cuttings, rooted cuttings, callus, and the length of roots and dry matter of the root system were evaluated. The aqueous extract of shoot and root system of C. rotundus L. does not promote the rooting of hardwood peach cuttings cv. ‘Chimarrita' within 90 days. The 500 mg L-1 concentration of indole-3-acetic acid promotes greater rooting of the hardwood peach cuttings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant cutting is a widely used propagation method for olive trees. Its viability depends on the capacity for the adventitious root formation of each species. Nevertheless, it is necessary to study the different characteristics of this process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of substrates on the rooting of semi hardwood stem cuttings of ten olive tree cultivars. Middle sized branches were collected from mother plants located in the Germplasm Bank of EPAMIG in Maria da Fé, MG, Brazil, and cuttings were prepared of approximately 12 cm in length, with 4-6 internodes, maintaining four leaves in the apical region. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with tree replications and 20 cuttings per plot. The experiment was conducted in greenhouses, in rooting plant beds containing a perlite and sand substrate with controlled intermittent water mist. After installation of the experiment, treatment was carried out with copper oxychloride solution at 3% to prevent possible fungus attacks. Evaluations were performed 70 days after cutting of the varieties. There was variation in rooting of olive tree cultivar cuttings. Better performance of sand was observed in the production of cuttings of olive tree cultivars Alto D'Ouro, JB1 and Galega which were also the cultivars that stood out among the genotypes studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]