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This research aims to design and develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart door lock system by utilizing Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and the Blynk application. The system is designed to improve the level of home security by providing a variety of flexible access methods, including the use of RFID cards, smartphone apps, and emergency buttons. The prototype method is applied in system development, which involves creating a physical model to evaluate its performance and functionality. The test results showed that the system was operating properly, where RFID only responded to the registered card to unlock, thus increasing access security. Hardware design that is carried out with an economical approach and simple use of components makes this system more affordable compared to commercial smart door lock products on the market. This research shows great potential in increasing efficiency and comfort in managing home security systems and offers ease of implementation in various types of housing. Thus, this research makes a significant contribution to the development of innovative and practical solutions to improve home safety at a lower cost while providing a sense of security for its occupants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design for inefficient well sidetracking of Bohai oilfield increased greatly recent years. Optimize sidetracking programs and reduce costs is important. Trajectory and window sidetracking tools were optimizing chosen for middle depth sidetracking to reduce costs. Horizontal casing well could solve mudstone and water contain problems for same layer sidetracking. For open hole completion well, window sidetracking costs lower for drilling platform working, and open hole sidetracking is suitable for workover rig. One to one design method for inefficient well sidetracking could reduce costs efficiently, good application results have been obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Indonesia, the power generation sector is the primary source of carbon emissions, largely due to the heavy reliance on coal-fired power plants, which account for 60% of electricity production. Reducing these emissions is essential to achieve national clean energy transition goals. However, achieving this initiative requires careful consideration, especially regarding the complex interactions among multiple stakeholders in the Indonesian electricity market. The electricity market in Indonesia is characterized by its non-competitive and heavily regulated structure. This market condition often requires the PLN, as the system operator, to address multi-objective and multi-constraint problems, necessitating optimization in the generation dispatch scheduling scheme to ensure a secure, economical, and low-carbon power system operation. This research introduces a multiparadigm approach for GS optimization in a regulated electricity market to support the transition to clean energy. The multiparadigm integrates multi-agent system and system dynamic paradigms to model, simulate, and quantitatively analyze the complex interactions among multiple stakeholders in the Indonesian regulated electricity market. The research was implemented on the Java–Madura–Bali power system using AnyLogic 8 University Researcher Software. The simulation results demonstrate that the carbon policy scheme reduces the system's carbon emissions while increasing the system's cost of electricity. A linear regression for sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between carbon policies and the system's cost of electricity. This research offers valuable insights for policymakers to develop an optimal, acceptable, and reasonable power system operation scheme for all stakeholders in the Indonesian electricity market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing a permanent lunar base has gained increasing attention since it offers opportunities for international cooperation and the commercialization of space, forming the foundation and testing ground for a human existence independent from Earth. Essential to future missions beyond cislunar space is the exploration and in situ processing of the Moon's resources, especially the sustainable production of energetic resources and propellants. Utilizing in situ generated propellants can dramatically reduce transportation costs by removing the need to source propellants from Earth. Resources on the Moon are limited, and the extraction of available resources are energy-intensive processes demanding advanced techniques and technologies. Consequently, one of the biggest challenges lies in developing process architectures with a positive energy balance, for which comprehensive analyses are still missing. The focus currently lies on the extraction of water ice from lunar regolith and the production of hydrogen and oxygen through water electrolysis. However, alternative fuel and process options may reduce the energy cost while providing equivalent energetic revenue. In the scope of this research, the infrastructure and technologies required for extraction, refining, and storing are assumed to exist in cislunar space; therefore, only the operating cost is considered. Exergy analyses of in situ extraction methods are conducted to investigate whether the required energetic budget allows sustainable implementation. The analysis includes extraction methods and propellant options to reveal the extent to which alternatives to hydrogen are feasible. Exergy analyses determine thermodynamic losses of energy flows giving the ground for process optimization. The exergy destructed represents the margin of improvement within the process architecture and thus reflects the process's thermodynamic and economic value while allowing a more distinct examination of energy use. Assuming the availability of water and carbon dioxide ice in permanently shadowed regions, the analysis shows that choosing methane instead of hydrogen in combination with oxygen as propellants can reduce the required exergy input by up to a third. An example mission allows to directly compare the operating cost of the extraction processes for the different propellant options. The mission entails a spacecraft propelled by a liquid bipropellant engine utilizing the extracted propellant and transporting a payload of the same propellant to a depot located in lunar near-rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO). Although abundant in space, the results suggest that hydrogen may not be the only or even energetically cost-effective resource for developing cislunar and Martian space infrastructures. Likewise, sustainable extraction of propellants suitable for current and future propulsion systems will foster humanity's reach further into the solar system. • The exergy destructed represents the margin of improvement within the process propellant source on the Moon • Hydrogen may not be the only or even energetically cost-effective resource for developing cislunar and Martian space infrastructures. • Servicing a depot in a lunar NRHO can reduce the required exergetic cost by a third if methane is utilized as the propellant instead of hydrogen [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Railway Construction Technology is the property of Railway Construction Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Benzo (a) pyrene is a highly carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic compound, difficult to be degraded, widely present in the environment. However, there is currently no cost-effective and efficient method for removing benzo (a) pyrene. In this study, a feasible method was introduced to cheaply and efficiently adsorb benzo(a)pyrene using chromatin. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the chromatin had a filamentary fiber structure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that benzo(a)pyrene formed a bond with the chromatin. Effective binding was confirmed using fluorescence microscopy. Influence factors exploration experiments indicated that the amount of benzo(a)pyrene adsorbed by chromatin was 0.16 mg g−1. The adsorption process of BaP by chromatin is consistent with a pseudo-second-order kinetics model of adsorption. The adsorption isotherm model is consistent with the langmuir isotherm model.This study suggests that chromatin can be utilized as a ordinary and high efficiency adsorbent for removing benzo(a)pyrene and can be utilized in further studies.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a promising alternative for powering small-scale electronics without relying on traditional power sources, and play an important role in the development of the internet of things (IoTs). Herein, a low-cost, flexible polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based TENG (PVA-TENG) is reported to harvest low-frequency mechanical vibrations and convert them into electricity. PVA thin film is prepared by a simple solution casting technique and utilized to serve as the tribopositive material, polypropylene film as tribonegative, and aluminum foil as electrodes of the device. The dielectric-dielectric model is implemented with an arch structure for the effective working of the PVA-TENG. The device showed promising electrical output by generating significant open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and power. Also, PVA-TENG is subjected to a stability test by operating the device continuously for 5000 cycles. The result shows that, the device is mechanically durable and electrically stable. Further, the as-fabricated PVA-TENG is demonstrated to show feasible applications, such as charging two commercial capacitors with capacitances 1.1 and 4.7 μ F and powering green light-emitting diodes. The stored energy in the 4.7 μ F capacitor is utilized to power a digital watch and humidity and temperature sensor without the aid of an external battery. Thus, the PVA-TENG facilitates ease of fabrication, robustness, and cost-effective strategy in the field of energy harvesting for powering lower-grid electronics by demonstrating their potential as a sustainable energy source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new methodology is presented for calculating the economic diameter of a high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipeline in a pumped source system for water supply with direct injection into the network. It is based on the concept of the Range of Optimal Efficiency of the Pumping System (REOS), together with new concepts, criteria and technical approaches that complement each other to obtain the optimal diameter of the pipeline. The determination of the nominal pressure (PN) according to the characteristics of each section of the pipe profile and their respective internal diameters are incorporated in the analyses. The proposed procedure takes into account other variables that depend on the type of installation, design scheme and variation in hourly demand. The procedure is illustrated with the solution of a practical problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps have several anatomical variations and clinical uses. Here, a simplified classification and economical application are introduced. A total of 168 ALT flap reconstructions performed between January 2013 and December 2016 were reviewed. Vascular anatomy of the flaps was classified into 5 types: type I (single perforator from the transverse branch), type II (single perforator from the descending branch), type III (multiple perforators from the transverse branch), type IV (multiple perforators from the descending branch), and type V (multiple perforators from both branches). Furthermore, flaps harvested via preservation of the proximal perforator were compared with those that were not. Vascular classification revealed that type IV (50.0%) and type V (32.1%) flaps were the most commonly used. Of these, 50.0% of type IV and 79.6% of type V were harvested as proximal-perforator-preserving distal ALT flaps. The proximal-perforator-preserving group had a smaller flap size (104.4 ± 84.3 cm2 versus 145.9 ± 94.1 cm2, p = 0.003), shorter reconstruction time (266.3 ± 76.1 min versus 302.0 ± 103.0 min, p = 0.013), and fewer donor-site complications (2.4% versus 13.3%, p = 0.009) than the traditional group, whereas the flap success rate was comparable (96.5% versus 96.4%) between them. Five cases received a second ALT flap from the same donor site after 3 failures and 2 metachronous defects. Multiple perforators in ALT flaps allow the harvesting of 2 ALT flaps from the same donor-site metachronously. Our classification and applications can improve efficiency while reducing donor-site morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Indonesia, the power generation sector is the primary source of carbon emissions, largely due to the heavy reliance on coal-fired power plants, which account for 60% of electricity production. Reducing these emissions is essential to achieve national clean energy transition goals. However, achieving this initiative requires careful consideration, especially regarding the complex interactions among multiple stakeholders in the Indonesian electricity market. The electricity market in Indonesia is characterized by its non-competitive and heavily regulated structure. This market condition often requires the PLN, as the system operator, to address multi-objective and multi-constraint problems, necessitating optimization in the generation dispatch scheduling scheme to ensure a secure, economical, and low-carbon power system operation. This research introduces a multiparadigm approach for GS optimization in a regulated electricity market to support the transition to clean energy. The multiparadigm integrates multi-agent system and system dynamic paradigms to model, simulate, and quantitatively analyze the complex interactions among multiple stakeholders in the Indonesian regulated electricity market. The research was implemented on the Java–Madura–Bali power system using AnyLogic 8 University Researcher Software. The simulation results demonstrate that the carbon policy scheme reduces the system’s carbon emissions while increasing the system’s cost of electricity. A linear regression for sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between carbon policies and the system’s cost of electricity. This research offers valuable insights for policymakers to develop an optimal, acceptable, and reasonable power system operation scheme for all stakeholders in the Indonesian electricity market.

Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in an era of rapid economic growth poses a significant challenge for policymakers and researchers. This study investigates the interconnected relationships between economic growth, innovation promoters, and sustainable development using data from 102 countries between 2016 and 2022. Employing multiple linear regression (MLR) models, we identify crucial factors influencing sustainable development. Our findings reveal a multifaceted relationship between economic growth and sustainable development, emphasizing the need for tailored development strategies. We highlight the diverse roles played by innovation promoters across various country clusters. We discern patterns of change in sustainable development and innovation performance through a comparative analysis of country clusters over time. These insights carry significant implications for policymakers, underscoring the importance of context-specific approaches to achieve SDGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a Z-scheme LaFeO3/g-C3N4/ZnO heterojunction photocatalyst with large specific surface (68.758 m2/g) and low cost (0.00035 times the cost of per gram of Au) was easily synthesized by glucose-assisted hydrothermal method. The structure, surface morphology, and optical properties of the photocatalyst were investigated. The constructed Z-scheme heterojunction catalysts can enhance the visible light absorption and carrier separation efficiency. Among these photocatalysts, the 10%-LaFeO3/g-C3N4/ZnO composite possesses the premium performance for efficient degrading 97.43% of phenol within 120 min. Even after 5 cycles, it still sustains an excellent photocatalytic stability (92.13% phenol degradation). According to the XPS surface states and the capture of active species on LaFeO3/g-C3N4/ZnO, the electrons would be transferred from ZnO and LaFeO3 to g-C3N4. In addition, ·OH plays an important role in photocatalytic reactions for phenol degradation. Thus, the proposed possible photocatalytic reaction mechanism of Z-scheme LaFeO3/g-C3N4/ZnO can provide a more economical and efficient conception for phenol degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When it comes to fixing the power supply problem in remote locations, microgrid has the features of flexibility and environmental protection, but the solution generally uses particles that are easily fall into local optimal. In this paper, we use the modified whale algorithm to solve the microgrid optimization problem. First, we set the economic cost and environmental cost as two modeling objectives. Second, we introduce the backward learning method and nonlinear variable factor in the basic whale algorithm to improve and solve the whale algorithm. Finally, we use the functions Sphere and Rastrigrin for performance testing and comparing their optimization results, and we show that the modified whale algorithm outperforms the original whale algorithm.

This study aims to conduct a management audit of the financial function and make ideas or recommendations to PT. Rajawali Nusindo Samarinda. Observation, interviews, and questionnaires were used to obtain data from the relevant management. A checklist on the financial function management audit working paper was utilized as an analytical instrument in a qualitative descriptive manner. According to the research findings, the operational decision-making function resulting from analytical calculations is 77% for effective criteria, 100% for efficiency, and 86% for economic metrics. The findings of this study indicate that the company's financial function is operating effectively, efficiently, and inexpensively.

Circular economy has renewed its focus; a novel eco-friendly semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) device was prepared from functionally modified natural backbone (Colocasia esculenta) for controlled release of fertilizers. The method encompasses the usage of natural non-toxic materials with addition of fortifying nutrients. Naturally procured starch moieties converted into acetylated starch, coded as Acy CE. This was further cross-linked with polyacrylamide (PAAm) in the presence of N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide and ammonium persulfate as a crosslinker-initiater system. The chemical, physical, and thermal properties of the synthesized semi-IPN coded as Acy CE-cl-PAAm were also presented through various characterization techniques. The Acy CE-cl-PAAm was assessed for its fertilizer release mechanism in water media studied on three pH values. The release kinetics of all the fertilizers followed Korsmeyer-Peppas Model (Fickian diffusion), unveiling its excellent potential as controlled agrochemical release device. The macromolecular relaxation of the given network matrix was found to be comparable to the diffusion rate of urea indicated by Fickian (n = 0.4) diffusion mechanism. The initial diffusion coefficients of DI = 8.03*10−7, DI = 7.9*10−7, DI = 9.8*10−7, DI = 1.7 * 10−7 were found to be greater than the lateral diffusion co-efficients of DL = 1.4*10−7, DL = 1.3*10−7, DL = 3.9*10−7, DL = 3.9*10−7 in the case of urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, and bio-fertilizer, released at pH = 7.0, respectively. Also, it was found to get degraded up to 76% by weight with 1.1% rate of degradation per day within 70 days in vermi-compost method. The results indicated that this is an effective approach for controlled agrochemical release with great potential applications in sustained agriculture. Highlights: • Biodegradable hydrogel was synthesized from acetylated derivative of Colocasia esculenta (CE) based backbone under the influence of microwave irradiations. • The synthesized device showed highest swelling of 1375%. • Hence, used for comparative analysis of urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, and biofertilizer-controlled release in water media. • The semi-IPN was found eco-friendly and biodegradable in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma gasification is considered an environmentally friendly process to convert plastic waste into fuel oil; a prototype system is described to test and validate the plasma treatment of plastic waste as a strategic vision. The proposed plasma treatment project will deal with a plasma reactor with a waste capacity of 200 t/day. The annual plastic waste production in tons in all regions of Makkah city during 27 years for all months in the years 1994 to 2022 is evaluated. A statistics survey of plastic waste displays the average rate generation ranging from 224 thousand tons in the year 1994 to 400 thousand tons in the year 2022, with an amount of recovered pyrolysis oil; 3.17 × 105 t with the equivalent energy; 12.55 × 109 MJ, and an amount of recovered diesel oil; 2.7 × 105 t with an amount of electricity for sale 2.96 × 106 MW.h. The economic vision will be estimated, using the results of energy generated from diesel oil as an industrial fuel extracted from plastic waste equivalent to 0.2 million barrels of diesel oil, with sales revenue and cash recovery of USD 5 million, considering the sale of each one barrel of diesel extracted from plastic waste in the range of USD 25. It is important to consider that the equivalent barrels of petroleum cost, according to the organization of the petroleum-exporting countries' basket prices, up to USD 20 million. The sales profit (2022) is as follows: for diesel with a sales revenue of diesel oil, USD 5 million, with a rate of return of 4.1%, and a payback period of 3.75 years. The generated electricity reached USD 32 million for households and USD 50 million for factories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In stomatology, the evaluation of bite power is crucial. It is considered a significant objective approach to evaluating masticatory performance. Bite force has become a significant outcome analysis index for various therapies in dentistry research. Presently several devices being used globally have their graces and faults. They are costly and also not available easily to the general dental practitioner. Objectives: Development of a novel indigenous instrument for the measurement of human bite force. Methods: This paper describes an indigenously developed and researched instrument to measure human bite force. The sensor data (change in electronic resistance under applied force) will be read by the microprocessor and converted to force values in newton. The bite force result will be instantly displayed on the screen of the instrument and the device with which it is connected. Results: The developed instrument is handy and user-friendly and can measure bite force accurately and repeatedly. Conclusions: In this research paper, an economical, lightweight, user-friendly, accurate, and reproducible human bite force measurement device is explained, which has been developed indigenously.

Microgrid (MG) can coordinate the dispatch of distributed generation,energy storage devices and loads to maximize the use of renewable energy. In this paper,the energy trading method among MGs is studied. Aiming at the dynamic stochastic factors of MG,a multi-time-scale method is adopted,including daily scheduling and intraday optimization,and the energy management framework of MG is proposed. Then,the energy management model of MG is established,including the daily scheduling model and the intraday optimization model,and the objective functions and constraint conditions are determined. Particle swarm algorithm is used to achieve the lowest economic cost and improve the economic performance of MGs. The proposed dynamic stochastic model,energy trading method and energy management model are verified and analyzed by taking three MGs as examples. The simulation results show that the proposed energy trading method can effectively improve the economy and reliability of the multi-microgrids.

The aim of the present work is to choose the most important sustainable urban indicator according to the opinion of local transport specialists, and using it to evaluate the urban transportation system in Baghdad city. To achieve these objectives, make Questionnaire form content 130 indicators were obtained in various environmental, social and economic dimensions. The questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS program; and Likert Scale (fivepoint) is adopted (5 very effective, 1 not very effective) to find out the importance and impact of each indicator at the local level. The results of the questionnaire showed that the most important sustainable indicator that can be applied and that has a very strong impact on the local Iraqi reality, is the accessibility indicator to public services and public transport, its relative importance was 93.6%, and 91.2% for the mobility management indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan banyak manfaat bagi guru, siswa, sekolah dan masyarakat. Guru diharapkan dapat berkontribusi dalam pemilihan lingkungan belajar yang efektif dan efisien yang memenuhi kebutuhan belajar bahasa. MAKE IT merupakan serangkaian prinsip dalam mendesain pembelajaran berbasis permainan sederhana untuk menjawab tantangan tersebut. MAKE IT yang menawarkan desain pembelajaran sederhana; Menyenangkan, Aktif, Komunikatif, Ekonomis, Interaktif dan Terpadu Rangkaian prinsip. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasilnya adalah Teknologi Tepat Guna (TTG) lingkungan belajar berbasis permainan sederhana untuk belajar bahasa Inggris. Hasil, Pembelajaran harus menarik dan menghibur peserta didik. Maka, desain pembelajaran harus mengandung unsur permainan yang menarik dan dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar. Kesimpulan, bahwa guru yang menerapkan prinsip MAKE IT ketika mereka merencanakan pembelajaran berbasis permainan untuk siswa dengan cara yang membuat mereka merasa santai saat belajar, menikmati permainan, kompetitif dan belajar lebih menarik dan interaktif menggunakan elemen permainan [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We conducted a questionnaire to reveal the stress, anxiety and burnout that health professionals have experienced during the pandemic period, and the social, economic and work-related problems encountered. Material and Method: A total of 416 healthcare professionals participated in the study. They were reached via an electronic questionnaire form through social media groups and given detailed information abıut the study. They were asked 8 sociodemographic questions, 6 questions for health status of HCW, 8 questions about the changes in working and economic conditions, 11 questions for social and psychological changes of HCW. Results: Ninetyfive percent of the employees felt burnout along with tension, anxiety and restlessness. Despite this, 88% did not receive any psychological support. There have also been changes in the family and social arrangements of the majority of the HCW (94%). Nearly 90% of the HCW worked under pressure. Only 18% of the health professionals who participated in our study did not hesitate to continue their current profession. There is a significant relationship between the participants' decreased willingness to choose the same profession again and their tension/anxiety and burnout (p <0.05). Conclusion: HCW are effected socially, economically and psychological with the rapid spread of COVID-19 pandemic. They experienced stres, anxiety and burnout besides fatigue. This may lead to problems such as taking care of patients and quality in health care even collapses in the health sector. We suggest that providing and sustaining psychological, economical, social and behavioral support for HCW and health sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the design and development of a manual groundnut planter, specifically tailored for smallholder farmers cultivating less than two hectares of land. The planter serves as an intermediate technology between hand tools and tractor-drawn multi-row planters, addressing the financial constraints faced by a significant portion of the farming population. The planter’s design focuses on minimizing drudgery by eliminating continuous bending and standing up, ultimately improving efficiency and reducing time wastage. Key considerations during the design phase include affordability, ease of construction using locally available materials, and low technological complexity, requiring minimal training for operation and maintenance. Operational functionality involves a single-row tiller drawn type planter, utilizing a feed-in disc roller principle. Seeds are poured into the hopper, picked up by the metering plate, and introduced into the chute. The furrow opener continuously opens the soil, and the seeds fall into the furrow, simultaneously closed by the leveller. The planter achieves a continuous planting at a 30 cm intra-row spacing. The article further details the description of the groundnut planter, highlighting its components such as the handle, seed hopper, furrow opener, seed discharge tube, main body (frame), and metering roller housing. The planter’s power is derived from the rotation of the wheel, and motion is transmitted through the shaft to the metering unit. The methodology is outlined, including a flowchart illustrating the design process and the use of AutoCAD software for the 2D design. Mechanical factors considered for the planter design include uniformity of seed depth placement, distribution along rows, transverse displacement, and soil cover. Design considerations prioritize the ease of fabrication, operator safety, simplicity for small-scale farmers, and the use of locally available materials. The viability and nature of the seed, including orientation and moisture content, are also taken into account. The article concludes with a discussion on the collection of required materials, including the seed box, seed metering disc, seed transmission hose, and main frame. The presented manual groundnut planter aims to enhance the planting process for smallholder farmers, offering an affordable and efficient solution to improve agricultural practices.

The traditional practice of conservation on religious basis along with commercial linkages at a local level is an interesting system from the point of view of its ecological, economical as well as institutional sustainability. Dhoop-rahat, in the Western Ghats region of Bhor Taluka in Pune District, is possibly the only sacred grove dedicated to a religiously important species Canarium strictum Roxb. Dhoop (black dammar resin) is traditionally extracted from C. strictum. The present study attempts to assess Dhoop-rahat and its surrounding historic sacred landscape with focus on the rare C. strictum individuals in the backdrop of changes in the ecological, geographical, socio-cultural, and economical dimensions associated with it, over time. Field and market surveys were conducted and RS-GIS techniques were used in the study. Community conserved Dhoop-rahat sacred grove has two individuals of C. strictum along with seven endemic and one IUCN Red Listed species. Successful regeneration of C. strictum is not observed. Once commercially harvested from this location, this species is now used only for ritualistic purposes. The two individuals of C. strictum have endured the drastic changes in the surrounding vegetation. In the business-as-usual scenario, there is a high risk of losing the last two individuals of C. strictum in the region and eventually the grove itself. Newer approaches of conservation by combining community-based traditional ecological knowledge with modern day scientific methods should be applied for protection of this sacred landscape. Long-term periodic monitoring of sacred groves and their surrounding landscape is essential for ensuring their sustainable existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploration of alternative and sustainable sources of fuel production has become vital for a couple of decades because of the increase in demand, shortages in inexpensive fossil fuel production, and environmental pollution caused by their derivatives. Although a variety of renewable energy alternatives are currently available, energy derived from natural microalgae associated with bacteria seems promising because it flourishes in all natural environments, along with contributing to the carbon cycle. Lipid extraction from different microalgae cells is a significant boundary for the biofuel business because of the multifaceted nature of the procedure and cell structure of the microalgae. Although the current existing dry extraction methods for lipid extraction from algae are in use, the drying of microalgae is consuming more energy than the extraction itself. There is still lack of technology to optimize the extraction of biodiesel from microalgae in a cost-effective and quick way. Studies show that eliminating the drying step and extracting lipids in one step can be optimal by adding mechanisms like supercritical method, ionic liquids, Eutectic solvents, and transesterification. A major constraint in this process is effective lipid extraction technique. Fuel production from wet microalgae biomass is significantly desirable because it would eliminate at least two lengthy processes (dewatering and drying) that consume much energy. In this study, wet extraction techniques are comprehended. For implementing and optimizing this application, further research and exploration are much needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as self‐powered devices are a promising solution for powering sensors of the ever‐expanding Internet of things. However, this potential will be fulfilled only if robust and efficient TENGs are fabricated with economical materials. Herein, a simple and facile approach for fabricating flexible, economical polypropylene‐based TENGs (PP‐TENGs) using readily accessible, inexpensive, and robust material is proposed. The "arch" and "sandwich" shaped structural designs are configured, and their comparative electrical characteristics are studied. The arch shape PP‐TENG is modeled to simulate the potential distribution and the charge transfer mechanism between the frictional layers. The PP‐TENGs are activated by hand tapping, and their electrical characteristics, such as open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current, and output power, are studied. To demonstrate their practical utility, PP‐TENG is used to charge capacitors and power light‐emitting diodes. Further, the stored energy of a capacitor is utilized to power an electronic smartwatch and a digital calculator. In addition, the arch‐shaped PP‐TENG is employed as a self‐powered biomechanical sensor, that is, capable of tracking signals induced by different human body motions. Thus, the present work demonstrates the simple fabrication and cost‐effectiveness of PP‐TENG for futuristic applications in battery‐free portable electronics and biomechanical sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Relations & International Law Journal / Seriâ Meždunarodnye Otnošeniâ & Meždunarodnoe Pravo is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Glass bottles that we are so familiar with were introduced in the 17th century by the Romans, before that wines were produced and stored in huge clay pots. These pots were also transported to various countries to trade wine. Later, transportation became a tedious task in these clay pots because wine used to get cooked during transportation due to lack of temperature control. This led to the discovery of wooden barrels. They were easy to transport and also contributed in softening the harsh tannins in wine as well as gave a peculiar smoky flavour to the wine. The wine industry has changed and evolved over the past few decades. Wine industry in India is also trying to catch up with the global market. New trends are getting introduced regarding the way wine can be served to the consumers in more convenient and more attractive way. One of the new trends in wine, introduced in Indian market is 'Wine in a can'. This concept will change the perspective of people about wine. The concept of canned wines will be a great heads-up for the amateurs who are new to wines and are eager to learn. There are many people who dislike wines due to various reasons such as they are very expensive, low alcohol content; people don't like the taste of wine and most importantly lack of knowledge about wines. But with canned wines being introduced in the market more and more people would be curious to find out how a canned wine would really taste like. Cost of this product is so economical that it will be the major factor encouraging people to buy more and more canned wines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with the Montreal Protocol, R22 will be completely banned from its use from January 1, 2030. Research looking for alternative refrigerants replacing R22 has experienced a significant increase. One of the replacement refrigerants that have gradually expanded their use are hydrocarbon refrigerants, few of which are R32, R290, and R410a. However, there are no experiments using the same test equipment for use on R32, R410a and R290 refrigerants. In addition, a more detailed study comparing the respective those refrigerants has not been found. This study aims on knowing the performance of machines that use R32, R290, and R410a refrigerants. This research uses 0.5 PK air conditioner. This research has begun with the preparation of tools and materials. Preparatory steps include assembly and setting up test installations, vacuuming, refrigerant filling and leak tests. The testing and the data retrieval steps are carried out after the system operates for about 30 minutes, i.e. until the system is working normally. Data collection is carried out with the change parameter or replacing the refrigerant. After obtaining data, analysis on Coefficient of Performance (COP), electricity costs, and economical refrigerant needs is carried out. The results have shown that the COP of R32 had the highest value from the 1-hour test, which has been 49.1. The most economical electricity cost is assumed to live for 24 hours in 1 month, namely in R32 refrigerant with a total amount of $12.46. The most economical refrigerant capacity operational cost is R290 refrigerant with a total amount of $9.01. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]