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La negligenza spaziale unilaterale (NSU) è un disturbo neuropsicologico dovuto a eventi cerebrovascolari (CVA), tumori cerebrali e lesioni cerebrali acquisite. I pazienti con NSU falliscono nell’orientarsi verso, rispondere e riportare eventi sensoriali che si verificano nel lato dello spazio e del corpo controlaterale al lato della lesione (tipicamente, il lato sinistro in pazienti con danno cerebrale destro), e nell’esplorare queste porzioni di spazio. La valutazione della NSU si basa soprattutto sulla valutazione delle prestazioni dei pazienti a test carta-e-matita. Tuttavia, sono ora disponibili evidenze emergenti che le tecnologie che si basano sui computer possano migliorare le procedure diagnostiche. I test computerizzati possono offrire più sensibilità e flessibilità, registrando molte più informazioni (ad es., l’accuratezza e i tempi di reazione simultaneamente). Queste caratteristiche riducono le possibilità di errore umano e permettono misurazioni quantitative e continue nei singoli pazienti, includendo un monitoraggio individuale e sensibile dei cambiamenti prestazionali lungo il corso di ripetute valutazioni. L’obiettivo principale della presente tesi di dottorato era quello di validare preliminarmente dei test digitali appositamente creati, comparandoli a test carta-e-matita tradizionalmente usati nella pratica clinica per la diagnosi di NSU. Tutti questi test sono stati creati in un ambiente digitale facile da usare e basato sull’utilizzo di uno schermo touch e di una penna digitale, così da simulare il tradizionale atto di scrittura. All’interno di tre studi, i partecipanti sani e i pazienti con danno cerebrale destro, con e senza NSU, sono stati sottoposti sia ai testi digitali che ai test carta-e-matita. Le analisi dei dati hanno mostrato risultati promettenti, suggerendo che i test digitali potrebbero condurre a una valutazione neuropsicologica più sensibile e precisa, smascherando inoltre casi di neglect residuale. Infine, i risultati presenti incoraggiano la raccolta di dati normativi per poter adottare i test digitali nella pratica clinica. Unilateral Spatial Neglect (USN) is a neuropsychological disorder due to cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), cerebral tumours and brain injuries. USN patients fail to orient towards, respond to and report sensory events occurring in the side of space and the body contralateral to the side of the lesion (typically the left side in the right-brain-damaged patients), and to explore these portions of space. The assessment of USN has relied mainly on evaluating patients’ performances at paper-and-pencil tests. Nevertheless, emerging evidence that computer-based technologies may improve the assessment procedure is now available. More sensitivity and flexibility may indeed be offered by computerised tests, which typically record much more information (i.e., accuracy and reaction time measures simultaneously). These features reduce the chances of human error and allow for quantitative, continuous measures and even significance levels in single patients, including sensitive individual monitoring of performance changes through repeated assessments. The main aim of the present PhD thesis was to preliminarily validate purposely created digital tests, compared to similar classic paper-and-pencil tests traditionally used in the clinical setting for USN assessment. All these tasks were built up in a user-friendly digital environment based on touch screens and digital pens, simulating the act of filling in a paper-and-pencil set-up with the advantages of the touch system. Within three studies, healthy participants and right-brain-damaged patients with and without USN performed both the digital and the paper-and-pencil versions of tests. Data analyses showed promising results, suggesting that digital tests could lead to a more sensitive and precise neuropsychological evaluation, also unmasking cases of covert USN. Lastly, the present findings encourage the collection of normative data in order to adopt digital tests in clinical practice.

The objective was to assess the impact of a test digital format on evaluating cognitive functions of children with ADHD symptoms, along with the differential impacts in comparison to the typically developed groups. The sample consisted of 99 children aged 7 to 9 years (M = 7.99, SD = 0.802), being 52 on the clinical group. All participants were assessed with paired batteries of digital and traditional tests. There were significant differences between the evaluated groups on known-compromised constructs for children with ADHD (d= -0,027 to -0,617), the highest being on the digital tasks. However, there were no significant differences in performance when comparing the results within the groups according to their computer-based and paper-and-pencil measures scores. The results suggest that the digital format does not impair the evaluation of children with ADHD symptoms, does not generate significantly different impacts between the clinical and comparison groups. Limitations and possible implications of these results will be discussed.

La tecnología a nivel mundial ha generado una serie de desafíos en aras de minimizar el uso del papel, el represamiento de expedientes y documentos, con la finalidad de desmaterializar todas las etapas que se desarrollan en la contratación; por ello, en el presente artículo se analizará cómo opera el Sistema Electrónico para la Contratación Pública (SECOP) y la prueba digital a través de medios electrónicos. Por lo tanto, la contratación estatal no puede concebirse como un conjunto de requisitos y formalidades; ahora con las tecnologías de la información, debe entendérsele como un nuevo reto hacia la búsqueda de la eficiencia en el manejo de recursos y la satisfacción de necesidades en la administración pública, a través de los sistemas de selección prevista en la legislación colombiana. Technology worldwide has generated a series of challenges in order to minimize paper usage and the stack of files and documents, in order to dematerialize all the stages that are developed in hiring; Therefore, this article will analyze how the Electronic System for Public hiring (SECOP) operates and to do its digital test through electronic means. Therefore, state hiring cannot be conceived as a set of requirements and formalities; now with the information technologies, it should be understood as a new challenge towards the search for efficiency in the resources management and the needs fulfillment in the public administration, through the selection systems provided for in the Colombian legislation. Magister en Derecho Administrativo Maestría

Con la nueva era de la tecnología, la forma de comunicación del mundo ha cambiado. Las interacciones realizadas hoy en día se hacen por medio de las redes sociales, lo que ha llevado a que caigan en desuso algunas figuras, como lo son los títulos valores, los contratos en documentos escritos, e incluso las expresiones de afecto expresadas por medio de cartas manuscritas. Así como el mundo y la tecnología se encuentran en una constante evolución, todo lo que nos rodea debe progresar al mismo ritmo. Las interacciones humanas se han convertido en un sinnúmero de mensajes enviados por medio de WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram y el correo electrónico. Con estas aplicaciones se comparten secretos, se establecen relaciones, se redactan y envían contratos, se crean alianzas, transacciones y, en algunas ocasiones, lo comunicado genera incumplimientos y responsabilidades contractuales o extracontractuales. Esto obliga a los individuos a acceder a la justicia, aportando como prueba las interacciones y archivos compartidos en las redes sociales antes mencionadas, con lo que surge el documento electrónico. Por lo anterior, esta investigación busca esclarecer el concepto de documento electrónico y su regulación con el fin de evidenciar si exige un tratamiento especial. Para ello se analizan los pronunciamientos jurisprudenciales en la materia y sus requisitos de existencia, validez y eficacia, con el propósito de entender esta figura dentro del proceso civil colombiano, y sus etapas procesales, así como la valoración que realiza el juez. Adicionalmente, adelanta un estudio de Derecho comparado y una indagación acerca de la licitud del documento electrónico, y si su aporte al proceso genera una vulneración al derecho a la intimidad., Due to the new era of technology, the way the world communicates has changed. The interactions carried out today are done through social networks, which has led to some figures falling into disuse, such as titles, contracts, and even expressions of affection expressed through handwritten letters. Just as the world and technology are in constant evolution, everything around us must progress at the same pace. Human interactions have become countless messages sent through WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and e-mail. With these applications, secrets are shared, relationships are created, contracts are drafted and sent, alliances are created, transactions are made, and sometimes what is communicated leads to breaches and contractual or non-contractual liabilities. This forces individuals to access justice by providing evidence of interactions and file sharing on the social networks listed, thus giving rise to the notion of an electronic document. Therefore, it aims to clarify the concept of electronic document, its regulation to show if it requires a special treatment. To this end, it analyzes the jurisprudential pronouncements on the subject and their requirements of existence, validity and effectiveness, in order to understand this figure within the Colombian civil process, and its procedural stages, as well as the assessment made by the judge. In addition, it proposes a study of comparative law, and an investigation into the legality of the electronic document, and whether its contribution to the process generates a violation of the right to privacy.

Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Öğrenme sürecinde teknolojinin kullanımının yaygınlaşması ile birlikte test sürecinde de teknoloji kullanımına başlanmıştır. Öğreticiler derslerinde farklı dijital test araçlarını kolaylıkla kullanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda ölçme ve değerlendirme amacıyla dijital test araçlarının kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bu araştırma, 6. sınıf Bilişim Teknolojileri ve Yazılım dersinde dijital test aracı kullanımının akademik başarı ve derse yönelik tutuma etkisini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dijital test aracı olarak Kahoot uygulaması kullanılmıştır. Araştırma 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında Nevşehir ili merkezindeki Yavuz Selim Han Ortaokulunda, Bilişim Teknolojileri ve Yazılım (BTY) dersini ilk defa alan öğrenciler ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, öntest – sontest kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen oluşturulmuştur. Deney grubunda, 8 hafta boyunca dijital test aracı olarak Kahoot uygulaması kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre her iki grupta yer alan öğrencilerin akademik başarılarının arttığı, ders sürecinde dijital test aracının ölçme ve değerlendirme amacıyla kullanıldığı grupta BTY dersine yönelik tutumlarda olumlu değişimler olduğu diğer grupta tutum noktasında bir değişim olmadığı görülmüştür. Dijital test aracı olarak Kahoot uygulanan grubun akademik başarısının kontrol grubundan daha yüksek bulunduğu görülmüş, gruplar arasında BTY dersine yönelik tutumlarda anlamlı bir farklılık görülmemiştir., With the widespread use of technology in the learning process, the use of technology has started in the test process. Students can easily use different digital test tools in their courses. In this context, the use of digital test tools for assessment and evaluation is becoming more common. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of digital test tool usage on 6th grade Information Technologies and Software course on academic achievement and attitude towards the course. Kahoot application was used as a digital test tool. The research was carried out with the students who took Information Technology and Software course for the first time in Yavuz Selim Han Secondary School in Nevşehir city center in 2018-2019 academic year. In the study, a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control group was created. Kahoot application was used as a digital test tool for 8 weeks in the experimental group. According to the results of the study, it was seen that the academic achievement of the students in both groups increased and the positive changes in the attitudes towards ITS course were observed in the group where digital test tool was used for assessment and evaluation. The academic success of the Kahoot group was found to be higher than the control group and there was no significant difference in the attitudes towards ITS course between the groups.

Dyslexia is a type of Specific Learning Disability (SLD) that affects the educational development of a student, as it is the reason of difficulties not only in writing or reading but also in other disciplines like Mathematics. Research has proven that Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) can have a positive effect to the educational development of a dyslexic student. In this paper, twenty 6th-grade primary-school students were observed while using computers during exams - ten with Dyslexia and ten with no SLDs. All students were called to solve a digital test and a paper test that were including some basic mathematic operations. The researcher recorded and examined the differences between the results from the two tests. Descriptive and deductive statistical analysis showed that students had better results when examined via a computer compared to a traditional written examination.

Characterization of composite materials, such as Asphalt Concrete (AC) and other engineering materials is required to provide data for design and construction. This is usually carried out through various performance tests, which are always time consuming for specimen preparation, equipment calibration and test setting up. For materials with time- and temperature-dependent properties, this procedure requires fabrication of a large number of specimens in order to get reasonably comprehensive results. Furthermore, for materials that consist of phases with significant differences in properties, macroscopic homogeneous assumption or microscopic statistic approximation will lead to complex correction schemes. This will add complexity in material characterization. On the other hand, the homogeneity based interpretation of test results makes it difficult to understand the interaction between different components. The objective of this research is to develop a numerical testing method for material characterization based on x-ray tomography and finite element method. The introduction of tomography technology, such as x-ray tomography into engineering field makes it possible to obtain material microstructure without disturbing the phase configuration. Along with the development of image analysis technology, image data can be manipulated to obtain digitalized sample reconstruction and to build finite element geometric model. Based on well developed material models that sufficiently capture the essential behavior of individual material component, we developed a framework of numerical tests for characterization of composite material. The geometric model imports the microstructural data of the sample, the configuration of aggregates, voids and flakes, through x-ray tomography and image processing. The voids distribution as well as density variation was quantified to verify the model microscopic characteristics. FORTRAN programs were developed to automatically achieve data transfer and model generation, e.g. boundary identification and ABAQUS simulation model generation. Material model was studied and selected for different material components. Viscoplastic material models were evaluated and calibrated in ABAQUS. Monotonic loading and repeated loading were considered in the study to validate the model for most characterization needs. The digital model was validated through small sample tests and was implemented and used in various material characterizations. For the wood panel characterization, the anisotropic elastic properties were studied while the viscous and plastic responses were studied for asphalt concrete. Factors affecting the accuracy and the limitations of the application were determined. It is worth noting that further advance and data collection will make the calibration of material model more accurate. Nevertheless, the work can be extended to other regimes, such as high speed impact especially where the actual testing is complicated to setup. Ph. D.