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Background: Sedentary behaviour is potentially a modifiable risk factor for depression and anxiety disorders, but findings have been inconsistent. To assess the associations of sedentary behaviour with depression and anxiety symptoms and estimate the impact of replacing daily time spent in sedentary behaviours with sleep, light, or moderate to vigorous physical activity, using compositional data analysis methods.Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 60,235 UK Biobank participants (mean age: 56; 56% female). Exposure was baseline daily movement behaviours (accelerometer-assessed sedentary behaviour and physical activity, and self-reported total sleep). Outcomes were depression and anxiety symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalised Anxiety Disorders-7) at follow-up.Results: Replacing 60 min of sedentary behaviour with light activity, moderate-to-vigorous activity, and sleep was associated with lower depression symptom scores by 1.3% (95% CI, 0.4-2.1%), 12.5% (95% CI, 11.4-13.5%), and 7.6% (95% CI, 6.9-8.4%), and lower odds of possible depression by 0.95 (95% CI, 0.94-0.96), 0.75 (95% CI, 0.74-0.76), and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.90-0.91) at follow-up. Replacing 60 min of sedentary behaviour with moderate-to-vigorous activity and sleep was associated with lower anxiety symptom scores by 6.6% (95% CI, 5.5-7.6%) and 4.5% (95% CI, 3.7-5.2%), and lower odds of meeting the threshold for a possible anxiety disorder by 0.90 (95% CI, 0.89-0.90) and 0.97 (95%CI, 0.96-0.97) at follow-up. However, replacing 60 min of sedentary behaviour with light activity was associated with higher anxiety symptom scores by 4.5% (95% CI, 3.7-5.3%) and higher odds of a possible anxiety disorder by 1.07 (95% CI, 1.06-1.08).Conclusions: Sedentary behaviour is a risk factor for increased depression and anxiety symptoms in adults. Replacing sedentary behaviour with moderate-to-vigorous activity may reduce mental health risks, but more work is necessary to clarify the role of light activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the relationship between fitness levels and components, sitting time and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), over time among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Three different sitting trajectories were calculated: (i) no change; (ii) decrease; and (iii) increase in ST, between baseline and follow-up. Fitness was assessed using the aerobic capacity, upper and lower limb strength, and total fitness. Participants were classified into higher (75th percentile or above) or lower (below 75th percentile) fitness levels, using the fitness tests. HRQoL scores at follow-up were compared to the three different sitting time trajectories within and across both the higher and the lower fitness groups for each of the three fitness indexes. Results: Greater HRQoL scores were observed in those participants that decreased their ST as compared with those increasing their sitting time over time for participants classified in the lower end of their aerobic capacity or total fitness index. No differences were detected in HRQoL scores in people classified in the higher fitness level group for any of the fitness indexes. Participants that increased or did not change their sitting time and who were classified in the higher fitness end of aerobic capacity and total fitness index self-reported higher HRQoL scores when compared with those in the lower fitness end. Conclusion: Increased sitting time over time is associated with poorer HRQoL in older adults. Higher fitness levels could help attenuate the negative impact of sitting over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study that examines the validity, sensitivity, and relative efficiency of 15D and SF-6D questionnaires in Spanish patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) to be used in cost-effectiveness analyses. Patients were recruited from different local PD associations. Non-parametric statistics were used for all analyses since data did not follow a normal distribution. Floor and ceiling effects are relevant to examine and compare the improvements of any treatment.

Introduction: generic, preference-based Health- Related Quality of Life instruments are receiving growing attention in health-care decision-making process. In spite of this, to our knowledge, EQ-5D and SF-6D have never been compared in a Parkinson´s disease population sample.Objective: the aim of this paper was to assess the psychometric properties of both instruments in a Spanish PD population sample.Methods: a total sample of 133 patients were interviewed using EQ-5D-3L and SF-6D. The validity, level of agreement and sensitivity of both instruments were computed and then compared. The Spanish tariff has been used in both instruments.Results: utilities of EQ-5D-3L and SF-6D have shown a strong correlation (r >0.50 and p<0.001) with the summary score of the PDQ-8 and the EQ-VAS score. Significant differences were observed in the stages III-IV of the Hoehn & Yahr stage. SF-6D had 51% higher efficiency than EQ-5D at detecting differences in symptoms severity.Discussion: both EQ-5D-3L and SF-6D seem to be adequate generic Health-Related Quality of Life measures in terms of validity and sensitivity.Conclusion: EQ-5D-3L presents greater ceiling and floor effects than the SF-6D instrument in this sample. Besides, the instrument SF-6D was better at detecting changes in symptoms severity compared with EQ-5D-3L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sedentary behaviour is potentially a modifiable risk factor for depression and anxiety disorders, but findings have been inconsistent. Objectives: To assess associations of sedentary behavior with depression and anxiety symptoms and estimate the impact of replacing daily time spent in sedentary behaviors with sleep, light, or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, using novel compositional data analysis methods. Methods: Prospective cohort study in with 60,235 UK Biobank participants (mean age: 56; 56%female). Exposure was baseline daily movement behaviours (accelerometer-assessed sedentary behaviour, physical activity, and self-reported total sleep). Outcomes were depression and anxiety symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalised Anxiety Disorders-7) at follow up. Results: Replacing 60 minutes of sedentary behaviour with light activity, moderate-to-vigorous activity, and sleep was associated with lower depression symptom scores by 1.3% (95%CI, 0.4%-2.1%), 12.5% (95%CI, 11.4%-13.5%), and 7.6% (95%CI, 6.9%-8.4%), and lower odds of depression by 0.95 (95%CI, 0.94-0.96), 0.75 (95%CI, 0.74-0.76), and 0.90 (95%CI, 0.90-0.91) at follow-up. Replacing 60 minutes of sedentary behaviour with moderate-tovigorous activity and sleep was associated with lower anxiety symptom scores by 6.6% (95%CI, 5.5%-7.6%) and 4.5% (95%CI, 3.7%-5.2%), and lower odds of meeting the threshold for an anxiety disorder by 0.90 (95%CI, 0.89-0.90) and 0.97 (95%CI, 0.96-0.97) at follow-up. However, replacing 60 minutes of sedentary behaviour with light activity was associated with higher anxiety symptom scores by 4.5% (95%CI, 3.7%-5.3%) and higher odds of an anxiety disorder by 1.07 (95%CI, 1.06-1.08). Conclusions: Sedentary behaviour is a risk factor for increased depression and anxiety symptoms in adults, but different replacement activities differentially influence mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the relationship between fitness levels and components, sitting time and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), over time among community-dwelling older adults.Methods: Three different sitting trajectories were calculated: (i) no change; (ii) decrease; and (iii) increase in ST, between baseline and follow-up. Fitness was assessed using the aerobic capacity, upper and lower limb strength, and total fitness. Participants were classified into higher (75th percentile or above) or lower (below 75th percentile) fitness levels, using the fitness tests. HRQoL scores at follow-up were compared to the three different sitting time trajectories within and across both the higher and the lower fitness groups for each of the three fitness indexes.Results: Greater HRQoL scores were observed in those participants that decreased their ST as compared with those increasing their sitting time over time for participants classified in the lower end of their aerobic capacity or total fitness index. No differences were detected in HRQoL scores in people classified in the higher fitness level group for any of the fitness indexes. Participants that increased or did not change their sitting time and who were classified in the higher fitness end of aerobic capacity and total fitness index self-reported higher HRQoL scores when compared with those in the lower fitness end.Conclusion: Increased sitting time over time is associated with poorer HRQoL in older adults. Higher fitness levels could help attenuate the negative impact of sitting over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Objective To determine the influence of the level of physical activity on physical fitness, body composition and lipid profile and further explore the associations between fitness with these health outcomes in a population of overweight/obese adults. Methods Forty overweight/obesity participants with a caloric intake between a negative balance of 500 kcal/day and their estimated required energy intake were classified according to their level of physical activity. Anthropometric (weight and height), body composition (waist-to-hip ratio, percentage of body fat and fat-free mass), clinical measurements (blood pressure), physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness – 6MWT –, handgrip strength and lower-limb muscle strength – MVC –) and lipid profile (total cholesterol – TC –, low – LDL – and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol – HDL –, triglyceride – TG –, and plasma glucose) were determined. Results Significant differences in MVC and fat-free mass were found between participants with different physical level. Significant associations between all the body composition measures and the strength-related variables (handgrip and MVC) in both physical activity categories also were found. In addition, associations between triglycerides, LDL and total cholesterol with muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness were observed only in the low physical activity group. Moreover, MVC explained up to 39% of the variance in metabolic syndrome in those with a moderate level of physical activity. Conclusions Correlations between physical fitness (especially in strength) and health risk factors depending on the level of physical activity were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the implications for diabetes education and health promotion programs. It highlights the use of exercise and therapy to provide a standard care for people who suffer type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It also cites the cost-efficacy of the health promotion programs for the diabetic patients.