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Copyright of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Family Medicine Forum / Forum Medycyny Rodzinnej is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Family Medicine Forum / Forum Medycyny Rodzinnej is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forum Zaburzen Metabolicznych is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of General Practitioner / Lekarz POZ is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Patients with diabetes need to be actively involved in the treatment process, i.e. treatment regimens and regular health check-ups. The aims of the study were to assess the profiles of illness cognitive appraisals in individuals with type 2 diabetes, and to recognize the relationships between illness cognitive appraisals and both expectations towards doctors and readiness to health-related behaviours. Materials and methods: A total number of 99 participants with type 2 diabetes were divided into short- and long-standing diagnosis sub-groups. Illness-Related Appraisals Scale, The Patient Requests Form, Health-Related Behavior Inventory were administered. Results: The comparison of most representative profiles showed significant differences between sub-groups in perceiving the illness as threat, benefit, obstacle/loss. In both sub-groups, treating the illness as a benefit determined patient's expectations of emotional support from doctors. In patients with long-standing diagnosis also threat, value, obstacle/loss and harm impact significantly on the patients' expectations towards doctors. Treating the illness as a challenge explained about 24% of variability of eating habits and 29% of preventive behaviours. Conclusions: Participants with long-standing diagnosis treat their illness as threatening and disturbing. In these patients many dimensions of cognitive appraisal are related to seeking information about the illness and to a need of emotional support from doctors. On the contrary, in individuals with short-standing diagnosis, only perceiving their illness as a benefit is associated with the expectation towards their doctors to provide emotional support and explanation of the illness. Our study proved that perceiving the long-lasting illness as a challenge contributes to readiness to follow health-related behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of type 2 diabetes diagnoses is constantly increasing. Lack of physical activity as well as consumption of high-calorie and low in fiber processed food leads to weight gain, which in turn increases the probability of getting type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the recommended diet therapy in the case of this illness should consist of low glycemic index and loss of excessive weight. In the recent years an increase in popularity of alternative diets has been observed, as they are viewed as not only a way to lose weight but also as a treatment for chronic illnesses. Alternative diets can have many promising benefits, however it is important to continue thorough research to ensure the safety of adhering to such diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Family Medicine Forum / Forum Medycyny Rodzinnej is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forum Zaburzen Metabolicznych is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a machine learning model for the early diagnosis of type 2 diabetes to allow for treatments to be applied in the early stages of the disease. Material and methods. A proposed hybrid machine learning model was developed and applied to the Early-stage diabetes risk prediction dataset from the UCI database. The prediction success of the proposed model was compared with other machine learning models. Pearson's correlation and SelectKBest feature selection methods were employed to examine the relationships between the dataset input parameters and the results. Results. Of the 520 patients included in the dataset, 320 were diagnosed with diabetes and 328 (63.08%) were males. The most commonly observed diabetes diagnosis criterion was obesity (n=482, 83.08%). While the strongest feature detected with Pearson's correlation was polyuria, the strongest feature detected with SelectKBest was polydipsia. With Pearson's feature extraction, the most successful machine learning method was the proposed hybrid method, with an accuracy of 97.28%. Using SelectKBest feature selection, the same model was able to predict type 2 diabetes with accuracy of 95.16%. Conclusions. Early detection of type 2 diabetes will allow for a prompter and more effective treatment of the patient. Thus, use of the proposed model may help to improve the quality of patient care and lower the number of deaths caused by this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Long-Term Care Nursing / Pielegniarstwo w Opiece Dlugoterminowej is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lichen planus pigmentosus inversus is a rare subtype of lichen planus and can be seen with or without lichen planus lesions. Dark brown, gray-colored reticular macules and patches are mainly present in intertriginous areas. Although T cell-mediated autoimmunity has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of the disease, it has not been elucidated. Here, we present a 48-year-old man with lichen planus pigmentosus inversus and type 2 diabetes. The diagnosis of the disease which was established based on clinical appearance and histopathology. Other reported cases of lichen planus pigmentosus are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Heart & Vascular Diseases / Choroby Serca & Naczyn is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. Diabetes is a chronic and progressive disease affecting all areas of life. It requires not only pharmacological treatment, but more importantly lifestyle changes, weight reduction, and dietary modifications. Improperly treated, it causes numerous complications that can lead to disability and even death. Material and methods. This study aimed to evaluate the effect health behaviors have on metabolic compensation in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study consisted of 116 patients. The inclusion criteria included type 2 diabetics between the ages of 40 and 65 who were diagnosed by a diabetologist for a minimum of one year. The KomPAN questionnaire, PSS 10 scales, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and analysis of medical records were used to evaluate these effects. Of the 116 patients, 104 (54 women and 50 men) met the inclusion criteria and were used in data analysis. Results. No patient in our study met all the criteria for metabolic compensation of type 2 diabetes. Postprandial glucose concentrations were the best-compensated parameter. Whereas, LDL concentrations were the least compensated parameter. In individuals with fewer unhealthy dietary practices compensated more significantly for their diabetes. Seventy-eight percent of women and 90% of men with BMIs consistent with stages I and II overweight or obesity had abnormal fasting glucose levels. Conclusions. The factors that significantly impact diabetes compensation are diet, stress levels, and physical activity levels. The assessment of a patient's nutritional knowledge correlates with their dietary assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the research: To investigate whether the polymorphisms of GSTP1, GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes are associated with colorectal cancer in a sample of Polish patients with and without type 2 diabetes. Material and methods: Over 200 patients aged > 40 years were recruited and divided into 4 age-matched groups: patients with diagnosed type 2 diabetes, patients with diagnosed type 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer, patients with colorectal cancer and without type 2 diabetes and patients without type 2 diabetes and without colorectal cancer. DNA for genetic testing was isolated from blood samples. The GST gene polymorphism was examined using qPCR method, with TaqMan probes. It included GSTP1 SNP Ile105Val (rs1695) polymorphism, and deletion of copies of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes (genotypes GSTT1 null/null and GSTM1 null/null). Results: The analysis of the frequency of GST gene polymorphisms in the group of patients with type 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer compared to patients with type 2 diabetes showed no statistically significant differences. There were also no statistically significant differences in the distribution of GST gene polymorphisms between patients with diabetes or/and colorectal cancer and population without these diseases. Conclusions: Extending the analysis to further genetic and environmental factors and taking into account their mutual interactions is needed to search for the relationship between type 2 diabetes and an increased risk of colorectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insulin resistance is a state of decreased sensitivity of target tissues to the action of insulin, despite its normal or increased concentration in blood serum. It is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, including pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes, as well as cardiovascular diseases and polycystic ovary syndrome. Nowadays, interest in the use of plant-based agents in the treatment of metabolic diseases is constantly increasing. One of these agents are plants from the barberry family containing isoquinoline alkaloids such as berberine. Current scientific evidence suggests that berberine may have a positive effect on the reduction of insulin resistance, carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism. Scientists have shown that this plant alkaloid could suppress adipocyte differentiation and promote weight reduction. Other effects of berberine include a hypotensive effect and a protective on the vascular endothelium. This review largely focuses on presenting the potential use of berberine in the prevention of insulin resistance and treatment of type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been observed a growing interest in the relationship between humans and their microbiota. Microorganisms are present on and inside of the human body, where their number can exceed the average human body cell count. Advanced research techniques allow us to better understand the molecular mechanisms of these interactions. This knowledge gives us the opportunity to use especially these microorganisms that have a positive impact on the human body in therapies and disease prevention. The article summarizes current knowledge about the physiology of the human gut bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila and its interactions with the host. The properties of A. muciniphila, its functions in the gastrointestinal tract and the relationship (both antagonistic and symbiotic) with other microorganisms residing are also described. Moreover, the effect of A. muciniphila on gut barrier, immune system and energy metabolism are presented. In addition, the role of A. muciniphila in pathogenesis and therapy of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, neurological disorders and asthma is mentioned, as well as in the patient's response to anticancer therapy based on the activation of the immune system. The great interest in A. muciniphila, as well as results of many studies presented in this article, including those evaluating its safety, indicate that A. muciniphila might be a promising candidate for a next generation probiotic. However, more studies are undoubtedly needed to assess the safety of A. muciniphila before its approving as a probiotic supplement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polskie Forum Psychologiczne is the property of Kazimierza Wielki University in Bydgoszcz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim of the study: The assessment of selected aspects of the quality of life of patients who have undergone amputation of a lower extremity in the course of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. Material and methods: The studies were carried out at the Provincial Hospital in Bielsko-Biała at the Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology and the Department of General and Vascular Surgery, at the Complex of Health Care Facilities in Żywiec at the Department of General Surgery, the Department of Rehabilitation, and at the Surgical Outpatient Clinic. The studies were carried out using the diagnostic poll method with the use of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire and the authors' own survey questionnaire. The study results were subjected to statistical analysis. The adopted significance level was p < 0.05. Results: The majority of patients after amputation of a lower extremity assessed their quality of life at a low level. The domain assessed best by the respondents was the environment domain, and the one assessed worse was the physical health domain. Professional activity has an influence on satisfaction with life. The higher the level of amputation, the worse the patients' ability to cope with everyday activities. Patients experiencing pain are to a high degree less satisfied with life than persons who do not experience it. Conclusions: Amputation significantly lowers quality of life. The aspects that are of particular significance are the limited possibility of performing everyday activities, pain, the amputation level, the availability of financial resources, and architectural barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Paediatrics & Family Medicine / Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is bidirectional. Both diseases are characterised by high prevalence, additionally increasing with age. CKD, especially with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m? is a well-known independent risk factor of AF. However, this relationship was inadequately evaluated in elderly patients, especially females. Aim of the research: To evaluate whether there is a relationship between CKD and AF and if it is bidirectional in elderly females. -Material and methods: The data was obtained from 336 female outpatients, aged 70 to 84 years, suffering from CKD. -Results: Out of 336 females outpatients aged over 70 years suffering from CKD (10.12% with GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m?) selected to the study, 8.63% were diagnosed with AF, 21.13% with diabetes, and 63.99% with hypertension. 4.46% underwent a myocardial infraction, and 2.68% underwent a stroke. No relationship between CKD and AF was found (neither depending on stage of CKD, nor in multivariant analysis). AF correlated with diabetes and stroke but not with renal function parameters. -Conclusions: In elderly females CKD does not influence on prevalence of AF, suggesting different pathogenesis of AF in this group. Further studies are required to establish this pathogenesis and potential risk factors of AF in this group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Journal of Wound Management / Leczenie Ran is the property of Evereth Publishing Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study includes an analysis of acute pancreatitis (AP) prognostic factors was performed as well as a critical review of the most important AP prognostic scales (APACHE II, Ranson, BISAP, SOFA, Marshall). The limitations of each scale were described. Simultaneously, the clinical applicability in the early prognostic AP stratification was presented, along with the clinical value of the alcoholic and gallstones etiology in the differential diagnosis. Pre-existing type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease significantly worsen the course of AP and should be included in the prognostic scale. It was shown that the diabetes coexisting with a HBA1C level above 6.5% significantly increases the mortality of AP patients and prolongs the period of hospitalization for 5 days. It was also observed that chronic kidney disease significantly increases the frequency of infective AP complications and raises 3-months mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Menopause, being a natural period associated with the cessation of ovarian function, is one of physiological stages in a woman's life. Epidemiological studies show that this is when women are at the greatest risk of depressive disorders. Other common conditions observed in menopausal women are various metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between climacteric and depressive symptoms in healthy women and those with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: This survey-based study involved 103 women aged 44-65 years, including 33 with type 2 diabetes. Research instruments were: the Kupperman Index for the severity of climacteric symptoms, and the Beck Depression Inventory for the severity of depressive symptoms. Results: The analysis did not reveal any statistically significant relationship between the severity of depressive symptoms and type 2 diabetes. At the same time, it demonstrated that the lack of energy dependent on the severity of depressive symptoms in women with type 2 diabetes. The severity of depressive symptoms in the group of non-diabetic women contributed to the severity of sleep disorders, vertigo, and a lack of energy. Conclusions: Climacteric symptoms significantly affect biopsychosocial status of perimenopausal women, irrespective of whether they have type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Health Policy, Insurance & Management / Polityka Zdrowotna is the property of Insurance Institute in Poland and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Journal of Wound Management / Leczenie Ran is the property of Evereth Publishing Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim. The level of sexual satisfaction constitutes a significant factor affecting satisfaction with a relationship, particularly in the case of people with chronic diseases (like type 2 diabetes), sexual dysfunctions and depressive symptoms. The aim of the conducted research was to verify a moderating role of intensified depressive symptoms in relation to sexual satisfaction and relationship quality, as well as the relationship between these variables in the group of individuals with type 2 diabetes and sexual dysfunctions. We also examined which aspects of sexual satisfaction and relationship quality the participants were the most satisfied with. Method. Finally, 93 persons (38 women) with type 2 diabetes and with at least one sexual dysfunction took part in the research. Three questionnaire methods were applied in the research: the Sternberg Triangular Love Scale, the Sexual Satisfaction Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. Results. The results showed differences in the level of individual aspects of sexual satisfaction and components of satisfaction with a relationship. Intensified depressive symptoms turned out to be a moderator in the relationship between sexual satisfaction and relationship quality in the case of general and specific indicators. Conclusion. The higher the satisfaction with controlling sexual contacts in people with type 2 diabetes and high-intensity of depressive symptoms, the more satisfied they are with emotional and physical intimacy with a partner. People with low-intensity of depressive symptoms who assume their influence on sexual contacts with a partner to be low, are found to be more motivated to search for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as multiple risk factors including abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, abnormal glycaemia, and elevated blood pressure. The incidence of MetS and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying its development are still not fully understood. It is thought that the occurrence of MetS arises from the complex relationship between genetic and environmental factors. The aim of the study was to overview and summarise current knowledge regarding genetic determinants of MetS. Also analysed were the relationship between polymorphisms of the genes encoding selected adipokines (vaspin, chemerin, omentin) and the risk of MetS, as well as other metabolic disorders. The precise determination of MetS genotype is difficult because metabolic syndrome occurrence is a combination of multiple risk factors. A thorough understanding of pathomechanisms of MetS, involving selected adipokines, may in the future allow the use of these adipokines as potential biomarkers of metabolic disorder risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In patients or animals affected by 2 type diabetes mellitus (diabetes mellitus type 2 DM2, non- -insulin dependent diabetes mellitus NIDDM) some pathological deposits, called amyloid are observed among cells of islets of Langerhans. Among others constituents deposits consist of insoluble, fibrillar form of polipeptide neurohormone called amylin, produced by pancreatic beta cells. It is thought that formation of fibrillar deposits of misfolded and aggregated polipeptide is highly toxic to beta cells and leads to cell dysfunction, cell loss, pancreas destruction and progress of the disease. Due to the extreme insolubility of this polipeptide and its instant fibrillation amylin constitutes a methodological problem and there is a need for a special methodology in experiments. This article reviews the most important experiments aimed at discovering fibrillogenic potential of amylin and models of interaction of the polipeptide's monomers in man and rat. Numerous methodological difficulties in amylin research has been also emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nursing in the 21st Century is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mirczak Anna. Profilaktyka cukrzycy typu 2 w grupie osób starszych = Type 2 diabetes prevention among elderly people. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(12):109-122. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.192458 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4040 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.11.2016. Revised 22.11.2016. Accepted: 03.12.2016. Profilaktyka cukrzycy typu 2 w grupie osób starszych Type 2 diabetes prevention among elderly people Mirczak Anna Mirczak Anna Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie, Instytut Pracy Socjalnej, os. Stalowe 17, 31-922 Kraków Pedagogical University of Cracow, Institute of Social Work, os. Stalowe 17, 31-922 Kraków Dr n.med. Mirczak Anna Mirczak Anna, PhD Słowa kluczowe: cukrzyca typu 2, profilaktyka, osoby starsze Key words: diabetes type 2, prevention, elderly Streszczenie Cukrzyca typu 2 jest poważną chorobą przewlekłą występującą powszechnie w grupie osób starszych. Późna diagnoza oraz niewłaściwe leczenie prowadzi do poważnych powikłań takich jak choroby układu krążenia, neuropatia, zespół stopy cukrzycowej i amputacji, niewydolność nerek oraz ślepota, których leczenie jest bardzo kosztowne. Cukrzyca typu 2 jest uwarunkowana czynnikami genetycznymi oraz środowiskowymi (niewłaściwy styl życia). Coraz powszechniejsze wstępowanie cukrzycy w społeczeństwie wynika jednak głównie z nadwagi, otyłości brzusznej oraz niskiej aktywności fizycznej. Badania pokazują, że poprzez modyfikacje stylu życia (dieta, aktywność fizyczna) można opóźniać i zapobiegać występowaniu cukrzycy w grypach ryzyka. W tym procesie niezwykle ważne są trzypoziomowe działania profilaktyczne. Profilaktyka pierwszej fazy oznacza zapobieganie cukrzycy poprzez zmianę stylu życia u osób zdrowych, profilaktyka drugiej fazy to zapobieganie występowaniu powikłaniom cukrzycy u osób z grupy ryzyka, natomiast profilaktyka trzeciorzędowa skierowana jest do osób chorych i polega na wczesnym wykrywaniu i odpowiednim leczeniu powikłań cukrzycy. Jednakże, pomimo iż cukrzyca jest chorobą często występującą wśród seniorów, wciąż brakuje badań klinicznych dotyczących specyfiki leczenia w tej grupie wiekowe, jak również doniesień na temat działań prewencyjnych. Celem pracy było przedstawienie zasad profilaktyki cukrzycy w grupie osób starszych na podstawie analizy dostępnej literatury. Dotychczasowe badania wskazują, że skuteczną metodą profilaktyki cukrzycy wśród seniorów jest optymalizacja poziomu glukozy we krwi poprzez zdrową dietę, aktywność fizyczną, kontrolę wartości trójglicerydów i ciśnienia tętniczego krwi, zmniejszenie masy ciała i unikanie używek. Abstract Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases among the elderly and is also a very serious health problem. If it is not diagnosed and treated properly it can lead to serious and costly complications such as cardiovascular disease, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic foot syndrome with amputations, renal failure and blindness. Type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. The most significant factors are overweight, abdominal obesity and physical inactivity. Research has shown that type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed in people at risk for the disease especially by lifestyle modification (healthy diet and exercises). All stages of prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary) are an important part of this process. Primary prevention is the delay or prevention of diabetes by lifestyle changes whilst secondary prevention is the prevention of diabetic complications through the optimization of glycemic control, and the avoidance and treatment of coexisting risk factors with tertiary prevention is the early detection and treatment of diabetic complication. However, despite the fact that diabetes type 2 is a disease most often occurs in older people still missing clinical trials for individual treatment in this age group, as well as the prevention strategies. The aim of the article was to present the principles of diabetes prevention in the elderly based on the analysis of the available literature. Existing evidence shown that the effective diabetes type 2 prevention among elderly is optimization level of glycemic by healthy diet, physical activity, triglycerides and blood pressure control, reduce weight and avoid alcohol and smoking.

Olszak Cecylia, Nowicka Elżbieta, Baczewska Bożena, Łuczyk Robert, Kropornicka Beata, Krzyżanowska Ewa, Daniluk Jadwiga. Wpływ wybranych czynników społeczno-demograficznych i medycznych na akceptację choroby w grupie osób z cukrzycą typu 2 = The influence of selected socio-demographic and medical factors on the acceptance of illness in a group of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(12):11-28. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.192107 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4028 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.11.2016. Revised 22.11.2016. Accepted: 01.12.2016. Wpływ wybranych czynników społeczno-demograficznych i medycznych na akceptację choroby w grupie osób z cukrzycą typu 2 The influence of selected socio-demographic and medical factors on the acceptance of illness in a group of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Cecylia Olszak1, Elżbieta Nowicka1, Bożena Baczewska1, Robert Łuczyk1, Beata Kropornicka1, Ewa Krzyżanowska1, Jadwiga Daniluk1 1Katedra Interny z Zakładem Pielęgniarstwa Internistycznego Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie Słowa kluczowe: akceptacja choroby, cukrzyca typu 2, czynniki społeczno-demograficzne, czynniki medyczne Key words: acceptance of illness, type 2 diabetes mellitus, socio-demographic factors, medical factors Streszczenie Wstęp. Identyfikacja barier utrudniających przystosowanie się do cukrzycy stanowi ważną część opieki diabetologicznej. Akceptację cukrzycy znacząco warunkują czynniki emocjonalne, społeczne, ekonomiczne i kliniczne. Celem badania było określenie stopnia akceptacji choroby wśród pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 2 w zależności od wybranych zmiennych społeczno-demograficznych i medycznych. Materiał i metoda. Badaniem objęto 227 pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 2 hospitalizowanych w Klinice Endokrynologii i leczonych w Poradni Diabetologicznej w SPSK4 w Lublinie. Zastosowano Skalę Akceptacji Choroby (AIS) oraz autorski kwestionariusz ankiety. Wyniki badań. Płeć, miejsce zamieszkania, stan cywilny, BMI, HbA1c nie różnicowały statystycznie istotnie (p>0,05) wyników AIS. Wykazano różnicę statystycznie istotną (p0,05). There was a statistically significant difference (p

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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a recognized risk factor for acute coronary syndromes. There is currently no consensus concerning the intensification of antihyperglycemic treatment. According to the available guidelines, it seems that the goal is to achieve glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels below 7% and avoid hypoglycemia. The choice of a revascularization method is influenced by many factors, such as the anatomy of the coronary arteries, severity of atherosclerosis, anatomical location of lesions, and presence of comorbidities. However, in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, determining the culprit lesion is often difficult based on ECG or angiography. Experts recommend coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with type 2 diabetes and multivessel or complex (SYNTAX score exceeding 22 points) coronary artery disease in order to improve survival. Percutaneous coronary intervention should be considered as an alternative to CABG to control symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes and less complex forms of the disease (i.e., SYNTAX score of 22 or lower). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patients with diabetes have a worse postoperative course and longer length of hospital stay after surgery. A good indicator of proper long-term (3 months) glycemic control is glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fructosamine in the short term (2-3 weeks). Aim: To determine the degree of glycemic control evaluated preoperatively by HbA1c and/or fructosamine influence on the postoperative course of patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 2014-2015. Material and methods: Before the operation HbA1c (N < 7.0) and fructosamine (N < 280 μmol/l) were measured and depending on the results the respondents were divided into 4 groups: group I (n = 46) - normal both parameters; group II (n = 22) - high both values; group III (n = 4) - normal fructosamine/ HbA1c high; group IV (n = 33) - high HbA1c/fructosamine normal. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test assuming p < 0.05 to be statistically significant. Results: One hundred and five patients were treated by CABG/ OPCAB (39 female, 66 males). The mean age was 65.7 ±7.3, HbA1c: 7.23 ±1.2%, fructosamine: 261.8 ±43.8. There was no difference in the incidence of other postoperative complications between the two groups. Conclusions: Glycated hemoglobin and fructosamine levels to a similar extent define the risk of perioperative complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In patients in whom there is a need to quickly compensate for elevated blood glucose consider enabling determination of fructosamine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus is now recognized as a societal disease that significantly burden health care systems in highly developed as well as developing countries and constitutes a serious problem of public health world-wide. The aim of this study was to estimate the value of reimbursement of diabetes-related drugs in 2012 and 2013 and to analyze indirect costs generated by diabetes in Poland in 2012. It was revealed that reimbursement of glucose test strips, antidiabetic drugs and insulins covered by the National Health Fund was as high as 1.3 billion PLN in 2012 and 1.5 billion PLN in 2013 and the dominant cost drivers were glucose test strips (49% of costs in 2012 and 52% of costs in 2013) and insulins (40% and 38% of total reimbursement costs due to diabetes, respectively). Total indirect costs of diabetes type 1 and type 2 in 2012 were as high as 59 million PLN and 66.5 million PLN and absenteeism due to sick leave was a main cost driver (61% in diabetes type 1 and 95% in diabetes type 2, respectively). In summary, costs associated with diabetes constitute a serious burden for the National Health Fund as well as for the Social Insurance Institution in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In patients or animals affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [NIDDM]), some pathological deposits, called amyloid, are observed among cells of islets of Langerhans. Among other constituents, the deposits consist of an insoluble, fibrillar form of polypeptide neurohormone called amylin, produced by pancreatic beta cells. It is thought that formation of fibrillar deposits of misfolded and aggregated polypeptide is highly toxic to beta cells and leads to cell dysfunction, cell loss, pancreas destruction and progress of the disease. Due to the extreme insolubility of this polypeptide and its instant fibrillation, amylin constitutes a methodological problem, and there is a need for a special methodology in experiments. Some mechanisms and factors that govern amylin fibrillization are rather poorly understood. This article presents amylin as a fibrillating molecule and some methods and methodological aspects and problems that emerge at successive steps during the fibrillation process, including hypothesized cytotoxicity mechanisms of this polypeptide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In patients or animals affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [NIDDM]) some pathological deposits, called amyloid, are observed among cells of islets of Langerhans. Among other constituents, deposits consist of an insoluble, fibrillar form of peptide neurohormone called amylin, produced by pancreatic beta cells. It is thought that formation of fibrillar deposits of misfolded and aggregated peptide is highly toxic to beta cells and leads to cell dysfunction, cell loss, pancreas destruction and progress of the disease. This relatively small 37-amino acid peptide constitutes a serious scientific, research and to some extent a medical problem. This article presents amylin as a hormone, neurohormone and as a fibrillating molecule which participates in amyloid deposit formation in human and animal pancreas. The role of some amino acids important for fibril formation has been highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth and development in utero is a complex and dynamic process that requires interaction between the mother organism and the fetus. The delivery of macro - and micronutrients, oxygen and endocrine signals has crucial importance for providing a high level of proliferation, growth and differentiation of cells, and a disruption in food intake not only has an influence on the growth of the fetus, but also has negative consequences for the offspring's health in the future. Diseases that traditionally are linked to inappropriate life style of adults, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and arterial hypertension, can be "programmed" in the early stage of life and the disturbed growth of the fetus leads to the symptoms of the metabolic syndrome. The structural changes of some organs, such as the brain, pancreas and kidney, modifications of the signaling and metabolic pathways in skeletal muscles and in fatty tissue, epigenetic mechanisms and mitochondrial dysfunction are the basis of the metabolic disruptions. The programming of the metabolic disturbances is connected with the disruption in the intrauterine environment experienced in the early and late gestation period. It causes the changes in deposition of triglycerides, activation of the hormonal "stress axis" and disturbances in the offspring's glucose tolerance. The present review summarizes experimental results that led to the identification of the above-mentioned links and it underlines the role of animal models in the studies of this important concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity, defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation, is currently believed to be a major public health problem worldwide. Over the past 20 years, the prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly in both industrialized and developing countries, resulting in a considerably increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome. Although the exact pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these diseases remain unclear, clinical and epidemiological studies support the existence of a relationship between obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance linked with the development and progression of metabolic diseases. Adipokines, produced and released by adipose tissue, are considered as factors linking obesity-induced inflammation with insulin resistance, and their regulation through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ also known as NR1C3) is essential in these processes. PPARγ are transcriptional factors belonging to the ligand-activated nuclear receptor superfamily which directly regulate the expression of a large number of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as adipokine synthesis; thereby they are implicated in various metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. This review summarizes the current literature on a functional relationship of PPARγ with obesity and insulin resistance and, moreover, highlights the significance of synthetic ligands of these receptors in the mentioned metabolic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some epidemiological data and pathophysiological evidence suggest similarities and connection of two amyloidoses: diabetes mellitus type 2, (DM2) (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). What they have in common is insulin resistance, neurodegeneration, development and progression of dementia, and the fact that in the course of both diseases fibrillar aggregates of specific proteins are accumulated in affected organs. What is more, experimental evidence also supports the hypothesis that small prefibrillar aggregates that emerge prior to the appearance of mature fibrils are responsible for a key step in development and cytotoxicity of both diseases. They also have similar pathogenic effects. Both peptides possess the common receptor AMY3. More and more evidence is accumulating that key cell regulation processes are similar for both diseases as well. The question is raised: can Alzheimer be a new form of diabetes disease? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapidly increasing number of people with obesity and type 2 diabetes is one of the most serious problems of the contemporary world. Until recently, it was thought that the main cause of this phenomenon is the change of lifestyle and dietary habits. According to recent reports, the gut microbiota may also play an important role in the "epidemic" of obesity and diabetes. Changes in its composition have been observed in people suffering from these diseases. In addition, the fact that the intestinal microbiota may affect body weight, insulin sensitivity or sugar and lipid metabolism has led to the hypothesis that these changes may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes. Scientists, using antibacterial drugs, pro - and prebiotics, are trying to modify the intestinal flora and thus affect its interaction with the host. The results are very promising, lead to further analysis and indicate gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes treatment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Conscientious compliance with medical prescriptions is a key element of the therapeutic process in patients with type 2 diabetes. Aim. The aim of this study was to assess to what extent and with what involvement the family members ofpatients with type 2 diabetes participate in selected activities related to the treatment of diabetes and whether it has any impact on metabolic control. Material and methods. A total of 136 patients with type 2 diabetes were examined. The research was conducted by means of physical examination, laboratory tests (glycosylated hemoglobin Alc, fasting glucose and lipid profile) and questionnaire survey assessing family members- participation in selected aspects of the therapeutic procedures in patients with diabetes. Results. The results of the study indicate that the extent of support and family involvement in helping the patient with type 2 diabetes are not satisfactory, and the received support is not reflected in better glycaemic control. The study showed a significant negligence not only in participation of family members but also of the patients themselves in diabetes education. Conclusions. The results indicate the need to intensify the education ofthe families ofpatients suffering from type 2 diabetes, so that they provide greater support to the sick, particularly in terms of compliance with dietary recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The chronic sensoric-motoric polineuropathy is the most frequent type of diabetes-related neuropaties. Most patients with neuropathy complains of the severe pain and paresthesias. The progressive neuropathy can be also the reason of many severe complications. Majority of drugs used as neuropathy management are symptomatic only with low efficacy and non-satisfactory tolerance. α-Lipoic acid is one of the few well tolerated substances which affect patogenetic mechanisms of neuro - pathy. Aim: The goal of our study was to elucidate if α-lipoic acid used in small doses is effective in the management of type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy independent on their current metabolic status. Material and methods: Thirty patients with diabetes type 2 and symptoms of chronic sensoric-motoric polineuropathy were examined. All patients were put on α-lipoic acid in total daily dose 600 mg within the subsequent 90 days. The neurological examination was carried out and metabolic control parameters were measured before and after the study. Results: It was found that α-lipoic acid induced withdrawal or decrease in neuropathy symptoms like pain and/or paresthesias and, what is especially significant, these effects were not dependent on the metabolic compensation. α-Lipoic acid reduced also neurologic deficits revealed before the study like sense of pain, pressure and temperature but these effects were weakened by the current metabolic deteriorations and therefore less evident. Conclusions: It could be stated as summary however, that management with oral a-lipoic acid in the dose 600 mg using Neurolipon- MIP 600 allows to achieve the clinical improvement in neurologic symptoms in patients with diabetes type 2 and chronic sensoric-motoric polineuropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cukrzyca jest silnym czynnikiem ryzyka wystapienia niekorzystnych zdarzeń sercowo-naczyniowych u chorych ze świeŻym zawałem serca. Choroba niedokrwienna serca u pacjentów z cukrzyca ma czesto przebieg bezobjawowy. W pracy przedstawiono przypadek 53-letniego meŻczyzny z wywiadem wieloletniej cukrzycy typu 2, u którego zawał był pierwszym objawem choroby niedokrwiennej serca. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most significant risk factor of cardio-vascular events among patients with myocardial infarction. The history of ischemic heart disease among patients with DM is frequent asymptomatic. This paper presents 53-years old man with the long-term history of DM with myocardial infarction as a first symptom of ischemic heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]