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Copyright of Journal of Al-Anbar University for Islamic Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Critical study of Islamic Education Neuroscience is still not sufficiently carried out in accounting for its knowledge, in order to confirm and fill in gaps in its scientific development. The purpose of this study is to examine the various scientific varieties of Islamic Education Neuroscience using the epistemology of Islamic Education, in order to find, fill, and develop their scientific potential, also from the perspective of developing hybridization of other Islamic Education scholarships. The method used in this study uses a qualitative type of literature according to Creswell: 2015, meaning that it is processed from various kinds of analytical theory from various sources of literature. The results of the study show that Islamic Education Neuroscience in epistemology also refers to Islamic law. Epistemologically, Irfani refers to the background of the scientific dichotomy between neuroscience, education, and Islam. Epistemologically, Burhani refers to empirical facts about the importance of collaboration between Islamic educators and neurologists in designing curricula and learning that optimizes students' brains in achieving Islamic education goals. Referring to the hybridization of other disciplines such as anthropology and psychology of Islamic education, this scientific development can further deepen the derivatives and clusters knowledge and more adapted to the needs of students.

This perspective paper contemplates the nuances of engaging with literature ethically in conducting a scoping review based on the researchers' project on girlhood studies in Indonesia. We assert that the ethical perspective extends beyond conventional primary data collection from human participants, further emphasizing the essence of a feminist methodology in this scholarly investigation. We discuss the interplay between the role of rigor and the dynamics of power relations in research, shedding light on reconciling between the pursuit of facts and acknowledgment of biases in knowledge production. This reflection offers insights into the methodological process and the researcher's role, contributing to the broader discourse on how research can effectively address issues of gender equity and social inclusion. Through this paper, we underscore the necessity of an intentional approach in unifying the domains of science and advocacy because only then can we truly catalyze transformative change. In doing so, we seek to foster a more comprehensive, objective, and empathetic understanding of the researched: in this case, the experiences of girls and young women -and, by extension, marginalized individuals in Indonesia and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research, entitled “The Hadith Selections of Sheikh AlQaradawi, is a critical study of his book Al-Muntaqa min Al-Targhib wa AlTarheeb” by Al-Hafiz Al-Mundhiri, presented by Dr. Adel Hassan Amin AlHarazi, aimed to clarify Sheikh AlQaradawi’s method in choosing and selecting hadiths, his approach to working with weak hadiths on the virtues of deeds, and the method of transmitting them. Judging the hadith, and his position towards the scholars in judging the hadith. The research adopted the descriptive approach to the hadith plan of the book Al-Muntaqa min Al-Targhib wa AlTarhib, employing the analytical approach to the criteria it adopted in selecting hadiths, and using the critical approach in aspects that deserve criticism. Among the most prominent results obtained from the research are: the emergence of the hadith faculty of Sheikh Al-Qaradawi in knowing the authentic and good hadiths, and his choices of the selected hadiths and his The hadith tradition that comments. attests to this, and its integration with ancient and contemporary hadith scholars, and its adoption of the rules of hadith scholars that they created to be a controlling standard for authentication, even if the scholars differed in the method of revelation, which is a wide field for distinction and uniqueness, it is the reference and reliable one in that. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'autopsie psychologique s'est ajoutée au coffre à outils diagnostiques du médecin psychiatre depuis son invention aux États-Unis, vers la fin des années 1950. Nous nous interrogeons toutefois sur la validité scientifique de cette méthode. Pour ce faire, nous retraçons l'histoire de sa création, avant d'en souligner les failles méthodologiques et les défauts : nous soutenons, à l'instar d'autres critiques, 1) qu'il est impossible de diagnostiquer un trouble mental chez une personne décédée en interviewant des proches et des connaissances, 2) que la littérature scientifique soutenant la validité de la méthode ne démontre pas qu'il est possible de répondre au point 1 avec une rigueur scientifique minimale et 3) que l'association entre la dépression et le suicide est un artéfact introduit par les failles méthodologiques des études sur l'autopsie psychologique. Nous montrons finalement que son utilisation outrepasse aujourd'hui l'objectif visé par ses créateurs. Psychological autopsy has been added to the psychiatrist's diagnostic toolbox since his creation in the United States in the late 1950s. However, we wonder about the scientific validity of this method. Therefore, we trace the history of its creation, before pointing out the methodological flaws and defects: we maintain that 1) it is impossible to diagnose a mental disorder in a deceased person by interviewing relatives and acquaintances, 2) that the scientific literature supporting the validity of the method does not demonstrate that it is possible to respond scientifically to point 1 and 3) that the association between depression and suicide is an artifact introduced by the methodological flaws of the studies on psychological autopsy. We finally show that its use today exceeds the objective of its creators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Une société en désolation et de déliaison attaque d'abord les sciences humaines et sociales et fait encourir le risque de rupture du lien intersubjectif et de solidarité. Le renoncement à celui-ci est à l'origine de la perte du sens et du retour de la peur de la folie. Les soignants subissent l'impact de ce monde nouveau et saisis par l'urgence, agissent sur le présent, plus que n'élaborent des prospectives d'avenir tenant compte de l'histoire, et médicalisent puis psychiatrisent des problématiques humaines de vie et de mort. La rationalisation des démarches diagnostiques et thérapeutiques dictée plus par l'économisme d'aujourd'hui, qui n'est pas une science humaine et sociale mais une idéologie, menace de balayer les acquis de le Pédopsychiatrie institutionnelle, et de l'indispensable éthique de la rencontre interhumaine au cœur du soin. A society where desolation and delirium reigns attacks first and foremost the human and social sciences, and runs the risk of breaking the bonds of intersubjectivity and solidarity. The renunciation of the latter is at the root of the collective loss of meaning and the return of fear of madness. Mental health caregivers feel the impact of this new world and, seized by the urgency of the situation, act in the present rather than looking to the future, taking history into account, medicalizing and then subjecting human problems of life and death to psychiatric analysis and treatment. The rationalization of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches dictated more by today's economism, which is not a human and social science but an ideology, threatens to sweep away the achievements of institutional child psychiatry, and the indispensable ethic of inter-human encounter that lies at the heart of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La recherche est-elle nécessaire au soin en psychiatrie ? Pourrait-elle au contraire s'avérer contre-productive, et réduire son champ par le réductionnisme inhérent à sa méthodologie ? Sont dépliés dans cet article les spécificités du soin en psychiatrie, à travers l'histoire de notre discipline et son lien étroit avec la recherche clinique comme fondamentale. Ses principaux axes de développement sont ensuite détaillés au regard de leur impact sur le soin, puis est discutée, à la lumière des enjeux éthiques et épistémologiques de la discipline, la compatibilité entre la question du soin, dont l'essence même est de veiller au bien-être du sujet, et celle de la quête d'un savoir, qui vise souvent d'abord l'intérêt collectif et indirectement le soin individuel, sans pour autant en constituer le garant. Is research necessary for psychiatric care? On the contrary, could it prove to be counter-productive, reducing the scope of the field by the reductionism inherent in its methodology? This article examines the specific features of care in psychiatry, from the point of view of the history of our discipline and its close links with both clinical and fundamental research. Its main lines of development are then detailed, viewed through the lens of the ethical and epistemological challenges facing the discipline, in terms of their impact on care, and the compatibility between the question of care, and that of the quest for knowledge. The very essence of the former being to look after the subject's well-being, whereas that of the latter is often aimed primarily at the collective interest and indirectly at individual care, without necessarily guaranteeing it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polish culture has been enriched by a 15-volume edition of the Collected Works of Gustaw Herling-Grudziński, published in 2009-2021 under the patronage of, among others, the writer's daughter, Marta Herling. The editor of the Collected Works is Professor Bolesław Bolecki, a distinguished scholar of Herling-Grudziński's body of work. The monumental publication covers the entire literary output of the author of Inny świat (A Different World), including dispersed works, articles, interviews and archive texts. The full-length critical edition introduces new and interesting interpretative contexts. The excellent and professional scholarly apparatus in the form of footnotes, subject bibliographies, bibliographical and editorial notes, indexes, etc. broadens the knowledge of the writer and his work, which can be traced, for example, in volume one, which contains reviews, sketches and literary treatises from 1939-1946. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'expertise judiciaire fait fréquemment l'objet de publications ; cependant, peu de travaux francophones s'intéressent aux modalités de restitution écrite d'une évaluation expertale, c'est-à-dire à la manière dont le rapport d'expertise est présenté et rédigé par son auteur, dans l'objectif de répondre aux questions posées par les autorités judiciaires et d'aider à la prise de décision. La manière dont le rapport est rédigé peut avoir une incidence sur la perception de la situation de l'expertisé, sur la valeur accordée à ce travail complexe d'évaluation et sur les décisions judiciaires. Ainsi, cet article vise à recenser les principales critiques mentionnées dans la littérature scientifique concernant les rapports d'expertise, et les ressources pour les améliorer et les rendre conformes aux attentes professionnelles. Cet article présente une recension narrative des écrits scientifiques. Il est basé sur des publications anglophones et francophones rapportant des études et revues de littérature concernant les rapports d'expertise judiciaires dans le domaine de la psychologie et psychiatrie légales. La recension des travaux dégage quatre axes qui peuvent affecter la qualité du rapport écrit : le cadre expertal et la position de l'expert ; la terminologie et les modes d'écriture utilisés dans le rapport ; le manque de référence aux principes généraux d'une évaluation psycho-légale ; les faiblesses dans l'organisation des données présentées dans l'expertise et dans la démarche argumentative pour répondre aux questions. Les faiblesses rapportées pourraient être améliorées par la formation des experts, les guides d'évaluation, la collégialité d'experts et les listes de contrôle. Forensic assessments are mandated by judicial authorities to answer various questions and to assist in the judicial decision-making process. Judicial expertise is frequently the subject of publications; however, few French-speaking studies have focused on written forensic reports, i.e. the way in which the report is presented and written by the author. The way in which the report is written could have an impact on the perception of the situation of the person being assessed, on the value attributed to this complex assessment, and on the judicial decisions. Thus, the objective of this article is to review the main criticisms in forensic reports in scientific literature, as well as the resources that could help to improve them and ensure conformity to professional expectations. This article presents a narrative review of the scientific literature. It focuses on English and French publications and literature reviews in the field of forensic psychology and psychiatry. The review of the literature identified four aspects that could affect the quality of the report: 1/The expert framework and the position of the expert; 2/The terminology and writing styles used in the report; 3/The lack of reference to general principles of psycho-legal assessment; and 4/Weaknesses in the organization of the data and in the argumentative approach to answering the questions. The weaknesses identified in the literature reviewed could be improved through training of the experts, the implementation of assessment guides, experts' collegiality, and checklists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to determine the basic features of the attitude of educational schools studying and teaching philosophy in Islamic and Western educational thought to identify the similarities and differences between their attitudes. Therefore, the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical method to highlight the educational opinions of Islamic and Western educational thinkers. The results showed that studying and teaching philosophy requires certain methods and skills, e.g., the problematic method, the constructive method, as well as the conversational, analytical, structural, and evidence-based method. Moreover, teaching philosophy in the Arab world faces problems, such as the lack of interest in philosophical lessons compared to the great interest in physical sciences and mathematics, as well as sciences that ensure technical knowledge,. The need for philosophy has been maximized in the Arab communities because the need for rational thinking is increasingly important due to the challenges. The study recommends drawing the attention of the philosophy departments at Arab universities to standardize philosophical theories away from the theories of atheism and materialists. An encyclopaedia of philosophy should be compiled to illustrate the contributions and creations of Muslim philosophers. Furthermore, those in charge of studying philosophy should make critical changes to the approaches and intentions of the philosophical lesson to be more related to the reality of the Arab world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Scientific Development for Studies & Research (JSD) is the property of Journal of Scientific Development for Studies & Research (JSD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study discusses the views of Fakhruddin al-Razi in his book al-Tafsir al-Kabeer (the big exegesis), or as called Mafateehul-Ghayb (the Keys of the Unseen) concerning some issues related to the monotheism of God Almighty. The article discusses and criticizes these opinions with a brief reference to the most reliable opinion on which the Twelver Shia rely. The main problem that this article discusses is showing the important points of the theological issues that relate to the true monotheism of God's essence and how He is characterized by His attributes, so that His real oneness would not be defected. This issue has played a major role in the Islamic heritage, especially in the theological field, and more specifically in the exegetical heritage of Fakhruddin al-Razi through his explanation of the meanings of Qur'anic verses. The approaches followed in this article are the inductive, analytical, and critical approaches; so, I have induced al- Razi's opinions on these matters, analyzed and criticized them when necessary. The conclusion I have got to in the article is that the doctrinal backgrounds had had a negative influence on al-Razi's thoughts in his interpretation of some of the Qur'anic verses that were strictly related to monotheistic theological questions. Keywords: critical study, al-Razi's opinions, the Big Exegesis (al-Tafsir al-Kabeer), monotheism, God's attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The third and the last stage of the revival of western natural law thinking in postmodern period started from the last third decade of the 20th century by philosophers' and lawyers' attention to human rights. The last western natural law theories have been explained and assessed during two chapters in this article. The first chapter has analyzed non-Thomist thought of natural law in that period. In this direction, Fuller offered the theory of "internal morality of law". There are at least three deficiencies of his theory. The first is that his definition of natural law is eighter a circular one, or couses positive law to be the criterion of identifying natural law, whereas natural lawyers put natural law as the criterion of positive one. The second deficiency is that the theory is just an innovation of words. The third and the last deficiency of Fuler's natural law theory is that the theory does not insist on positive rules to be moral. Dworkin called his theory of law "Constructive Interpretation". According to the theory, law is the best interpretation, which can be understood from interrelated legal data, like the acts of legislator, court jugments, legal basic texts and…. "Integrity" is an important keyword in his theory. He emphasized that legal claimes are interpretational jugments. They interpret a present legal act as a plain political affair. That is why Dworkin believed that history has an important role in his theory, unlike positive approaches to law. Infact, he was a proponent of interpretive theories of law and he always criticized semantic theories. In addition to the implication of his speech, which is the acceptance of relativism in the world of law and ethics, since Dworkin identified (moral) positive law as a perfect criterion of integral actions, his theory about those human affairs, which have no enacted law, was wrong. The second chapter has assessed Finnis's theory as the newest neo-Thomist conception of natural law. Natural law in his view, is the intellectual judgment to do good actions. According to Finnis, a wise decision is one that is accomplished for the sake of a basic good. In his final view, basic goods are seven: bodily life, knowledge, skilful performance in work and play, friendship, marriage, practical reasonableness and harmony with the widest reaches and ultimate source of reality including meaning and value. He attributed to basic goods five characteristics as follows: self-evidence, being intrinsic, having no relation with each other, being equal with each other and having no inference from the fact. Finnis's theory has variant deficiencies, including that none of these features is an attribute of basic goods. Research method in this article is a synthetic one, which is traditional – intellectual – critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engaging in a bricolage of critical self-study allowed one school administrator to better understand his roles, responsibilities, and formation of identity within the context of a school system while envisioning the divergent possibilities of a yet-to-beknown future through the lens of love. The primary intention of this paper is to discuss alternative possibilities for educational leadership considered through an ancillary vision of walking alongside enacted through pedagogies of love. Pedagogies of love can be understood as more than the embodiment of romantic notions of the word. Pedagogies of love enact relationality: blending care, commitment, knowledge, responsibility, respect, and trust. Ever-evolving and situational, these pedagogies are understood as tentative. During the critical self-study process, personal affective experiences were reflexively interrogated to draw out and unpack themes regarding one lived teaching life. Personal positionings, over time, emerged as a crucial part of studying one's self as a means to explicate previously misunderstood privileges. The criticality of this self-study can be found in the ways that the relationships between power, authority, knowledge production, and contextual social relations are illuminated and mediated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IUG Journal of Islamic Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kamal Ahmad Rizvi was a very famous actor and Urdu play writer. He had written many stage dramas. He had used different techniques to make the dramas more interesting. In this article, his two stage dramas were critically studied and tried to find different techniques which he had used in his dramas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The improvement of learning quality has been made through various efforts. The publication of textbooks is one of the efforts used to support the 2013 Curriculum implementation. The textbooks improvement efforts have been continually made by publishing the revised edition. However, the publication of the revised edition does not guarantee that the revision is better than the previously published edition. Some reviews found that the revised version contains several mistakes while it has not occurred to the previous edition. This finding is interesting to be critically scrutinized within a more in-depth analysis. Thus, the problems of the edition of the revised textbook underlie this research study. Based on the research objectives, this study is a library research or literature review. The primary resources of this study are the PAI and Budi Pekerti textbooks for grade 7th up to 9th. The analysis method used in this study is a content analysis that critically examines the substance of textbooks' content. In detail, this study also used the comparative method of analysis. This study found that still there are several shortcomings in the PAI and Budi Pekerti textbooks for all levels. In terms of making the research findings more understandable and readable, the elicited problems found in the textbooks are classified based on aspects of language and writing, conceptual, relevance and coherence, material repetition, and psychological sensitivity. These findings can be used by policymakers in developing the textbooks, for the process of improvement and refinement in the future.

Criticism is something that must be built in the scientific world. Because, in science there is no such thing as a definite truth. Criticism here to bring it in the right direction. Especially about the story of the past contained in the Qur'an. A story that is explained in it contains truth, lessons and teachings evidently undeniable for all creatures of Allah, for the happiness of the world and the hereafter. This study uses qualitative research in the form of library research, the author uses the approach of the theory of the Qur'an and Interpretation and the theory of Diltheiy thinking and interpretive writing ideas in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the collection of data by means of documentation, namely the book Indonesia Negeri Saba'by Fahmi Basya and also taken from various related sources. Furthermore, the analysis is done by reading and examining Fahmi Basya's understanding writing, which is written in his book. In summary, Fahmi Basya confirmed 14 comparative accounts of Indonesia and Yemen based on the Qur'an and 53 scientific facts which he discovered that Indonesia was the State of Saba'. Fahmi Basya's understanding is very contrary to the commentators at least caused by two problems. Finally, Fahmi Basya wants to prove that the State of Saba 'in the Qur'an in Indonesia. Based on the study of Fahmi Basya's understanding it was found that Fahmi Basya was not an expert in the field of the Qur'an and Tafsir. So, when he understands the Qur'an and reveals the results of his research in the community it needs to be reviewed. Seeing with the scientific viewpoints of the Qur'an, Fahmi Basya's interpretation seems to match his discoveries with the Qur'anic Verses. And forcing all that can be matched look for verses of the Qur'an.

Globalization and free trade supported by advances in telecommunications and information technology have expanded the space for the flow of transactions of goods and / or services across national borders, so that the goods and / or services offered vary both in foreign production and production domestic. Such conditions on the one hand have benefits for consumers because consumers' needs for the desired goods and / or services can be met as well as increasingly wide-open freedom to choose various types and quality of goods and / or services in accordance with the wishes and abilities of consumers. The conditions and phenomena can cause the position of businesses and consumers to become unbalanced and consumers are in a weak position. In our daily lives we hear, read and even witness various business practices that are detrimental to consumers. Business practices that are detrimental to consumers are not only carried out by large-scale business actors, but also by medium-sized businesses and small business actors. Violations of consumer rights committed by business actors constitute a potential threat to the welfare of society, due to increased activity of business actors in the production and trade of goods and / or services to meet consumer needs if not monitored and weak law enforcement, consumers will be severely disadvantaged. For this reason, we need to understand the subject of legal protection to consumers through the explanation of Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (UUPK), including a study of criminal aspects.

En France, les Soins Psychiatriques Sans Consentement (SPSC) poursuivent depuis une dizaine d'années leur évolution à marche forcée, au rythme des injonctions du Conseil Constitutionnel à légiférer. Le psychiatre ne prescrit plus mais participe d'une décision de dernier recours prise à visée conservatoire dans le cadre d'une démarche thérapeutique. Sur quels critères ? Sur quels fondements médico-administratifs et juridiques ? Au code de déontologie défaillant se substitue la loi pour encadrer, en dernier recours, l'enfermement dans l'enfermement, l'isolement et la contention. Et protéger les malades mentaux vulnérables (et leur dignité) par l'intervention du Juge des Libertés et de la Détention (JLD) dans les hôpitaux psychiatriques. Hôpitaux et équipes de soins s'organisent aujourd'hui dans le respect des (nouvelles) contraintes pour (re)trouver l'équilibre nécessaire et proportionné entre protection et privation, liberté et soin. À condition d'avoir la possibilité de penser, enrichir et construire les (nouvelles) modalités du soin psychiatrique afin d'éloigner le dernier recours et mettre fin au dogme de la fatalité. In France, the advancement of compulsory psychiatric care is hindered, since years, by the commandments of the legislative Constitutional Council. The psychiatrist is no longer a prescriber, but rather takes part of this decision, as a last resort, for conservatory purposes. On which criteria is this based? On what medico-administrative and legal bases? The law is replacing the failing deontological code, in order to regulate, as a last resort, the confinement within the confinement: the isolation and physical restraints. The goal is to protect vulnerable mental health inpatients (and their dignity) via the Judge of Freedoms and Detention. Hospitals and psychiatric teams are now organized in accordance with the (new) "constraints" to look for a balance between protection and sequestration, freedom and care. This new organization should be conditioned by the protection of our possibility of thinking, enriching and building (new) modalities of psychiatric care, in order to remove such decisions of last resort and end the principle of fatality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Ameed Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IUG Journal of Humanitarian Research is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Is complex, ambiguous, and fluctuating social reality measurable? Sometimes yes, perhaps, but often not. At least not in the fairly straightforward way assumed by many researchers. This study is an ethnographic inquiry into data collection during a survey research project. Based on our observations of participants' spontaneous thoughts and confusions as they filled in questionnaires on "leadership" and "teamwork", we draw attention to hidden problems in much organizational research. Many respondents found measures ambiguous, irrelevant, or misleading. We (a) underline the inherently interpretative nature of research into complex organizational phenomena, (b) warn against lack of reflexivity and overreliance on existing survey instruments when we study complex social aspects of organizations, (c) identify five categories of possible problems, and (d) suggest paths towards better informed research that take context seriously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IUG Journal of Humanitarian Research is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Al-Anbar University for Islamic Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The improvement of learning quality has been made through various efforts. The publication of textbooks is one of the efforts used to support the 2013 Curriculum implementation. The textbooks improvement efforts have been continually made by publishing the revised edition. However, the publication of the revised edition does not guarantee that the revision is better than the previously published edition. Some reviews found that the revised version contains several mistakes while it has not occurred to the previous edition. This finding is interesting to be critically scrutinized within a more indepth analysis. Thus, the problems of the edition of the revised textbook underlie this research study. Based on the research objectives, this study is a library research or literature review. The primary resources of this study are the PAI and Budi Pekerti textbooks for grade 7th up to 9th. The analysis method used in this study is a content analysis that critically examines the substance of textbooks' content. In detail, this study also used the comparative method of analysis. This study found that still there are several shortcomings in the PAI and Budi Pekerti textbooks for all levels. In terms of making the research findings more understandable and readable, the elicited problems found in the textbooks are classified based on aspects of language and writing, conceptual, relevance and coherence, material repetition, and psychological sensitivity. These findings can be used by policymakers in developing the textbooks, for the process of improvement and refinement in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revenue for the company is very important. The greater income earned, the greater company's ability to fund all costs incurred. In practice, the value of income can not stand alone from the environment. This study wants to reveal the secrets behind the rising of corporate income. The paradigm used in this research is qualitative. This paradigm considers that reality is subjective and has many dimensions. The research approach uses a critical study that aims to reveal the meaning behind income numbers. This critical study is a Neo Marxist line. The results showed that: (1) the increase of income value can not be separated from the interests of management. The company's revenue value so far is a reflection of the company's strategy by using tariff increase only. Furthermore, (2) the company's revenue also shows the obligation of the company to deposit the PAD to the local government. (3) Increase in revenues has a negative impact on consumers. Increasing tariffs to earn revenue was not followed by providing good service to customers. (4) In increasing revenue, companies should not ignore environmental awareness and sustainability.

Under-diagnosed and under-treated, depression has a pejorative prognosis. The general practitioners (GP) represent the most often consulted healthcare professionals by depressed patients. The aim was to describe how the Tunisian GPs manage the depressed patients and to note the difficulties they encounter in order to suggest corrective measures. A survey was conducted among 140 GPs in Sfax Governorate. The percentage of the GPs whose responses conformed to the scientific data in at least 67% of the items was 31.4%. Four factors were correlated to a good management of depression: age (p = 0.028), masculine gender (p = 0.016), long career (p = 0.034) and participation to continuous medical education sessions on depression (p = 0.01). Our study revealed inadequacies in the management of depression by the GPs. GPs were invited to sensitizing meetings. A training on depression was assured for the future internship supervisors by the commission of medicine of family in the Faculty of Medicine of Sfax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research framework: Over the last twenty years, child care services in France have undergone a major upheaval. Traditionally provided by women, mostly mothers, childcare has become a paid profession with the benefits of a professional activity without having to leave the home. Objectives: Conducted as an extension of research already conducted with caregivers, this work studies the effects that the professionalization of caregiving. A unique aspect of this work is the introduction of men into the profession since 2005 and the changes that have occurred since the introduction of the law in 2005 which defined the status of caregiver and family assistance. Methodology: This clinical psychology research project was led by a research team of two teacher/researchers from the Université de Strasbourg in France and two psychologists from Aide sociale à l’enfance or ASE (Child and Social Services). We based our work on a discourse analysis of 14 male care givers conducted as a part of recorded semi-directed interviews. We proceeded with a thematic analysis or each interview and compared the results with those of a previous study conducted with women. Results: Interview analysis revealed that these men base themselves on the naturalization of their authority to prove their professional value. This is similar to how the women in the previous research work based themselves on the naturalization of their maternal qualities to guarantee their skills. Conclusion: These professionalization process tends to denaturalize family care by dematernalizing it. It is through the use of gendered stereotypes that men find their place and function and are allowed to exercise this activity in a manner that they find satisfying. Contribution: This work reveals the effects of the evolution of training and professionalism of full time childcare, a previously gendered activity, on its practise and on the way the people who engage in it perceive themselves.

Résumé Objectifs Il s’agit de reprendre la question du diagnostic « démence type Alzheimer », et de mettre en lumière les limites de cette catégorisation nosographique, voire son inconsistance. L’objectif est de dévoiler le paradoxe existant de fait avec les recommandations des autorités de santé, notamment les mesures préventives et thérapeutiques, de type stimulation ou rééducation, qui y sont associées. Notre visée est de montrer la place que cela laisse à une clinique du sujet. Méthode Une revue de littérature d’une diversité scientifique – rassemblant les domaines de la sociologie, la psychiatrie, la neuropsychologie, ou les sciences politiques – nous sert à préciser ce que recouvre le concept « maladie d’Alzheimer », tant en ce qui concerne son historique, sa définition médicale, que sa transformation sociale. Résultats Nous relevons que cette dite maladie repose à l’origine non sur une véritable découverte scientifique mais sur une invention nosographique. Une observation de cas paraissant plutôt curieux, dont la spécificité pathologique était mise en doute, voire déniée par Aloïs Alzheimer lui-même, est devenue un siècle plus tard une maladie extrêmement fréquente, aussi perçue comme « la maladie du siècle ». Les incessants changements de définitions au fil des années et des nosographies – dont la distinction avec la démence dite « sénile » a été l’objet de questionnements – ainsi que les critiques de plus en plus nombreuses portant sur les hypothèses au sujet de l’étiologie neurobiologique, soutiennent le constat d’une création nosographique. Les recherches postulant que ce diagnostic est le résultat d’une construction sociale sous-tendue par des logiques économiques et politiques (celles qui désignent Alzheimer comme un « fléau à combattre »), ainsi que par le modèle biomédical de nos sociétés occidentales, vont également en ce sens. C’est par ailleurs dans ce contexte, et seulement depuis la dernière décennie, que l’on voit apparaître une distinction entre différents stades de cette dite maladie, dont le « stade préclinique », asymptomatique, qui étaye la visée de prévention et de dépistage des autorités de santé. Discussion Si la notion de « maladie d’Alzheimer », en tant qu’entité homogène causée par des facteurs moléculaires, commence à être remise en question, cela ouvre la possibilité d’étudier les états hétérogènes se manifestant dans le cadre large du vieillissement cérébral et cognitif. Cela implique également, par conséquent, de réinterroger la différence entre un vieillissement « normal » et « pathologique ». Conclusions « La maladie d’Alzheimer est un mythe ». Voilà ce que laissent transparaître diverses études. Le problème est que ce diagnostic tend à effacer les sujets dans leur singularité. Or, pour l’accompagnement des personnes âgées dans notre société, il s’agit d’un enjeu éthique et déontologique de prendre la mesure de l’incohérence de ces mesures préventives et thérapeutiques, et de pouvoir laisser une place à une clinique du sujet. Aims This paper sets out to review the issue of diagnosis of “Alzheimer-type dementia”, and to cast light on the limitations of this nosographic categorisation, and indeed its lack of substance. The aim is to show the paradoxical aspects of the recommendations of the health authorities, and in particular the preventive and therapeutic recommendations in the areas of stimulation or rehabilitation. The purpose is to show that this leaves room for a clinical approach centering on the subject. Method A broad review of the scientific literature ranging from sociology to psychiatry, neuropsychology and political science, enables a definition of what is covered by the concept “Alzheimer's disease”, at once with regard to its history, its medical definition, and its social history. Results We observe that this “pathology” was originally based not on a genuine scientific discovery, but on a nosographic invention. A rather curious case study, on the subject of which Alois Alzheimer himself expressed doubts as to its pathological specificity, one century later has become an extremely common condition, often viewed as the “disease of our time”. The constant changes in definition across the years and across nosographies – where the distinction with respect to so-called “senile” dementia has been questioned – and increasingly numerous criticisms of the hypotheses of a neurobiological aetiology, are all in favour of a nosographic invention. The research postulating that this diagnosis results from a social construction underpinned by economic and political logics (whereby Alzheimer's disease is seen as a “scourge” to be fought), and by the biomedical model of our Western societies is likewise in favour of this nosographic creation. It is in this setting, and only in the last decade, that we have seen the emergence of definitions of different stages in the disease, including a “pre-clinical”, asymptomatic stage, supporting the screening and prevention strategies of the health authorities. Discussion At a time when the notion of “Alzheimer's disease” as a homogeneous entity caused by molecular factors is beginning to be questioned, there is scope for research on the heterogeneous manifestations occurring in the broad setting of cerebral and cognitive ageing. This implies a reappraisal of what differentiates “normal” from “pathological” ageing. Conclusion “Alzheimer's disease is a myth” – as is suggested by various studies. The problem is that this diagnosis tends to obliterate the singularity of each subject. Yet for the accompaniment of the elderly in our society, the ethical and deontological challenge is to take the full measure of the inadequacy of existing preventive and therapeutic measures, so as to make way for a clinical approach centred on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]