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A study was conducted on a sample of 447 adults in Spain who recorded their digital consumption habits upon waking up in the morning, still in bed. The analysis instrument included a total of 67 parameters related to the device, content consulted, and perceived cost-opportunity, which involved 29,949 open-ended responses. The results demonstrate that, upon waking, individuals utilise their mobile devices to access WhatsApp, the alarm application, and Instagram, thereby compromising their sleep time, improving their organisational skills, initiating the day with a sense of calm and composure, and engaging in physical exercise. It is imperative that society integrates attention economy and digital self-criticism as educommunicative practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I argue that the vindicatory/unmasking distinction has so far prevented scholars from grasping a third dimension of genealogical inquiry, one I call possibilising. This dimension has passed unnoticed even though it constitutes a crucial aspect of Foucault's genealogical project starting from 1978 on. By focusing attention on it, I hope to provide a definitive rebuttal of one of the main criticisms that has been raised against (unmasking) genealogy in general, and Foucauldian genealogy in particular, namely the idea that Foucault's genealogical project lacks normative grounding and is therefore ultimately incapable of telling us why we should resist and fight against the mechanisms of power it nevertheless reveals in an empirically insightful way. This conclusion, I argue, is mistaken because it conceives of Foucauldian genealogy exclusively as an unmasking or problematising method, whereas I claim that Foucault's genealogical project possesses a possibilising dimension that provides his work with sui generis normative force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a strategy against the outbreak and the further spreading of Covid-19, countries, states and communities used different approaches. To protect citizens, governments developed coronavirus mitigation measures and due to which, people were confronted with restrictions in their everyday life. As could be observed in many countries, the society mood turned, since many people did not agree with these restrictions and some people even started demonstrating against governmental mitigation measures. In this context, it can be assumed that some people are more prone to believe in rumors and fake news spread on social media than others. Consequently, a critical attitude is being developed against the government and/or Covid-19 mitigation measures. The present study uses the quantitative data collection method to investigate why some people change their behavior in crises situations and why they are more prone to believing rumors and fake news on social media than others. The results showed that the higher people rate themselves as being critical, the less they believe in rumors and fake news on social media, the less they change their behavior during the pandemic in terms of rejecting Covid-19 mitigation measures. Therefore, it is also more likely that people will follow the measures to mitigate the effects of coronavirus infection.

Copyright of Zona Próxima is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Horizonte de la Ciencia is the property of Horizonte de la Ciencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present article I intend to point out, firstly, the relationship between diagnosis of the present and critical attitude based on Michel Foucault’s thought. Subsequently, I will indicate that the notion of critical attitude is at the same time partner and adversary of governmentality, in the sense that it designates a plural art of not being governed in a certain way and by the same agents, without, however, positioning itself outside the government game. I will also show that political struggles against the saturation of the governmental game can be thought as an unfolding of the critical attitude. Finally, I will try to demonstrate that the daily attempt to live and reflect democratically in the face of an authoritarian exercise of power, as has been observed especially in recent years in Brazil, can be understood as a gesture of resignification of the critical attitude. The problematization of this field of analysis was not directly addressed by Foucault, but it has become an indispensable object of study for the political diagnosis of our present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criticism, as a surgical process of literary texts, seeks to express the weaknesses of scientific works and then to explain the strengths and highlight their positive aspects. As one of the meanings of critique in the Arabic word is to take the bird’s grain and beak it to remove the healthy grain and to remove the defective and rotten grain. The science of syntax as one of the important disciplines of linguistics has been a strategic weapon of explorers of literary texts, and has always been considered by thinkers to provide critique and to write about scientific compositions. The book under review is an attempt to document some of the syntactic titles presented in the book "Mughni al-Adib", which is itself a new version of "Mughni al-Labib" by Ibn Hisham Ansari. This research is based on a descriptive-analytical method, and the results indicate that there is almost no trace of modernity in reasoning, and the presentation had solid and convincing approach in work. The explanations given by the author under the title of "syntactic revolution" are generally either incorrect, or quoting one of the famous opinions of its predecessors without mentioning their opinion, or attributing some of these opinions to themselves as a new argument and It is the syntactic initiative of the author. The rhythm of the book is also slow, monotonous and boring, and it does not have an attractive shape in terms of writing and processing. Thora’s syntactic book is generally an undocumented, unsubstantiated quasi-scientific work that is far removed from the reference system and is in fact, an unstable and weakened version of important sources in the field.

This article reviews Michel Foucault’s late work, entitled What Is Critique and the Care of the Self, which deals with both the content of the book and its Persian translation. Foucault’s most recent work, especially in this book, deals with the subject of Kantian Enlightenment and the question of the ethics of taking care of a particular attitude to the subject and its governance and upbringing to express its critical view of modernity and social and moral structures. What is Foucault’s critique of the Kantian epistemological approach to the question of “what can I know?” Redirects to the critical question and believes that critique is a redefined movement that gives the subject the right to know the truth about his power effects and the power of his truth discourses. Ask a question. Concerning the second part of the book, one can also summarize Foucault’s words about his upbringing in his aesthetic attitude, something that Foucault himself emphasizes. He believes that it is an artwork in itself. An art work that everybody has to make, and everybody has it in their own way. Regarding the evaluation of the Persian translation of this book, it can be said that although it has been translated into fluent and fluent language, the lack of an introduction by the Persian translators and the lack of a profile and last references of the book and some incorrect translations of Latin terminology are some of the shortcomings of this work.

In the mid-twentieth century, critical pedagogy was at the forefront of educational theorists’ focus, and curriculum designers sought to combine critical pedagogy practices with university curricula. Therefore, by using quantitative method through a survey and an introspective longitudinal study, the present research was conducted to investigate the critical attitude of undergraduate (BA) and postgraduate (MA) students. Accordingly, a Critical Pedagogy Attitude Questionnaire, developed by Pishvaei and Kasaian (2013), was distributed among 164 male and female students (in the first and last semester of study). The participants were majoring in English translation and Applied Linguistics courses at four universities in Markazi province. The reliability of this questionnaire through Cronbach’s alpha was .93. Then, statistical tests such as the Mann-Whitney test and one-way ANOVA indicated that the students’ critical pedagogy attitudes did not significantly grow in the process of education from the first to the last semester. The results of this study are useful for students, professors, and curriculum designers. They also provide critical insight for EFL students.

Copyright of Department of Pedagogy Book of Proceedings / Zbornik Radova Odsjeka za Pedagogiju is the property of University of Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to reveal the forms of resistance to colonialism of character "I" in Musirawas in Kepunan novel by Benny Arnas. The theory used in this study is postcolonial theory. Data analysis was carried out by identifying forms of resistance identified by "I" character in Kepunan novel. The researcher described information about the resistance of the forms of mimicry, hybridity, diaspora, and ambivalence through evidences in the form of quotations. I addition, the researcher interpreted the resistance done by "I" character to the Dutch colonial government in Musirawas in the field of education. The result indicated that "I" character had a critical attitude towards discrimination of the Dutch colonial government in the field of education. "I" character had a critical attitude, that was, her awareness of having the same rights as the Dutch colonial. "I" character was against the Dutch colonial government in terms of intellectuality that needed to be honored. Intellectuality helped "I" character to gain the independence from the Dutch colony.

This essay seeks to elucidate if and to what extent Foucault’s analyses of governmentality and neoliberalism as a form of governmentality in his 1978-1979 Collège de France lecture series can justifiably be used to come to a critical understanding of present-day neoliberalism(s). This has been a hotly debated issue among Foucault scholars based on what they consider to be ambiguities related to the normative status as well as the methodology of these lectures. In an attempt to contribute to this debate and to settle some of these concerns, I start by explicating how neoliberalism has variously been interpreted and specify what I understand “neoliberalism” to mean. Foucault’s notion of “governmentality” and his analyses of the mid-20th C versions of German and American neoliberal governmentalities presented in these lectures are contextualized in terms of his general thinking in the late 70s and early 80s specifically his insistence on the critical attitude as virtue and his methodological specifications of philosophical-historical research. I contend that although Foucault’s neoliberal governmentality lectures might be value-neutral, methodologically they remain a strategics of power/knowledge configurations imbued with the “critical attitude” that asserts the right not to be governed like that. It is therefore both justifiable and instructive to critically engage contemporary neoliberalisms through the lens of governmentality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The point of departure for this study was the need to encourage students in a Spanish as Foreign Language (SFL) classroom to develop a critical attitude towards the large amount of language input they receive on the one hand and a sense of the intercultural competence since a critical perspective on the other. This twofold challenge led to an action research study, longitudinal in nature, which was carried out over the 45 hours of an SFL course involving 16 undergraduate university students in Pompeu Fabra University (Barcelona, Spain). Our research questions asked, first, how such a critical attitude regarding information and the intercultural competence from a critical perspective could be fostered in the classroom and, second, how the agents involved, namely instructor and students, would judge the value of the model implemented. Data was gathered by means of questionnaires, student field diaries, and the instructor's classroom diary, and this input was then subjected to thematic and relational analysis. The results indicate general satisfaction with the approach but point to the need for improvement in areas such as assessment methods and group dynamics. This feedback can be used to fine-tune the model in further stages of this action research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We present a didactic model for the multidimensional analysis of discourse genres as situated practices, illustrated through the study of a transactional conversation in Spanish. This model represents a basis for developing and assessing the discourse competence of plurilingual adult language learners (Spanish-, Catalan-, French- or English-learning university students) acquiring a minimal competence to participate in academic events (lectures, seminars and workshops), as well as to cope with everyday needs in a foreign city. For proficiency in the use of language in context, students must be aware of the three dimensions which define a discourse genre: the sociocultural, the pragmatic and the textual, each entailing specific criteria and indicators of achievement. Special focus is placed on the sociocultural dimension because of its underlying importance for the teaching and learning of discourse genres. One factor especially relevant in this dimension is the community of practice to which the learners belong as autonomous social agents and in which they critically and consciously engage in learning activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Nomadas (01217550) is the property of Universidad Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents results of the media competence of Spanish youth. The methodological tool used, a sociological survey, was created from proposals by more than 50 recognized experts in this field. It is focused on six major dimensions: languages, technologies, interaction processes, production and diffusion processes, aesthetics and ideology and values. The study population is 1,430 youngsters. The results are significant: Spanish youth score poorly in five of the six dimensions, the exception being the technology dimension.

Recent developments in language teaching increasingly put a stronger importance on critical thinking skills. While studies in this areahave begun to emerge, it is believed that a probe into the learners’ mind when they process information can contribute significantly to the effort of identifying exactly how our learners think. This study was conducted partly to seek the answers to the issue. A brief training on critical thinking and critical attitude was given to a group of language learners who were studying Business Correspondence. Questionnaires were then used to capture traces of their thinking as they were preparing to accomplish a learning task and while they were listening to their classmates’ presentation of ideas. The data show the change of their thinking process. After the training there is a tendency from the students to ask more critical questions with slightly higher frequencies. It is concluded then that the brief training has prompted their awareness of critical thinking.

In this article I reconstruct the philosophical conditions for the emergence of the notion of counter-conduct within the framework of Michel Foucault’s study of governmentality, and I explore the reasons for its disappearance after 1978. In particular, I argue that the concept of conduct becomes crucial for Foucault in order to redefine governmental power relations as specific ways to conduct the conduct of individuals: it is initially within this context that, in Security, Territory, Population, he rethinks the problem of resistance in terms of counter-conduct. However, a few months later, in What is Critique?, Foucault (implicitly) replaces the notion of counter-conduct with that of critical attitude, defined as the particular form that counter-conduct takes in modern times. This notion allows him to highlight the role played by the will (to be or not to be governed like that) in resistance to governmental strategies. But since the notion of counter-conduct is conceptually wider than that of critical attitude, I suggest in conclusion that it could be worth reactivating it as a “historical category which, in various forms and with diverse objectives, runs through the whole of Western history.”