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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined by an increase in plasma creatinine or by the installation of a diuresis <0.5 ml/kg per hour. Rapid decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over extended periods (several hours) is necessary before an increase in plasma creatinine occurs. The latter is late, and even minor increases in creatinine indicate a significant decrease in glomerular filtration rate. Clinical suspicion along with early recognition and management are successive pathways for optimal AKI care. For this reason, it is important to implement a management plan as soon as possible for any patient developing AKI, to prevent and reduce the risk of kidney damage in the long term, because AKI has significant morbidity and mortality if not treated in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There are difficulties with the evaluation of renal function in the Cuban population. Objectives: To evaluate and correct the estimate of renal function in a Cuban adult population. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study. The universe was made up of all the adults who underwent blood laboratory tests at the Institute of Nephrology, Havana, Cuba, in the month of September 2022. The information was processed automatically (SPSS® version 21.0 and Excel). Frequency distribution analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis and a Student's t test for comparison of means were used to determine the relationship between the creatinine determination methods. Results: 349 subjects were included. Mean creatinine concentration by the traceable Isotope Dilution Mass Spectroscopy (IDMS) method was 0,24 mg/dL lower than the non-traceable automated method, and 0,29 mg/dL lower than the non-traceable manual method. The respective Pearson correlations were 0,989 and 0,988. With the correction, the differences were less than 0,01 mg/dl. Mean differences in estimated glomerular filtration rates exceeded 15 mL/min/1,73 m2BS and decreased to less than 0,74 mL/min/1,73 m2BS with correction. In 257 individuals, creatinine was measured by enzymatic method with slight differences with respect to the traceable IDMS. Conclusions: The differences in the measurements of creatinine concentrations and in the estimated glomerular filtration rates between the traceable and non-traceable IDMS methods are notorious. With the suggested correction, the differences in measurements and estimates are reduced.

Introduction: In Cuba, serum creatinine measurements are usually made by methods that need to be corrected versus a reference method. Objective: To present a mobile device application that corrects serum creatinine to a reference method (compensated Jaffé), calculates the estimated glomerular filtration rate and classifies the patient by Chronic Kidney Disease stage. Methods: The application was developed using open source Android programs with the Flutter framework (version 2.10). Formulas were introduced to correct creatinine, calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate and values to classify Chronic Kidney Disease. Presentation: The application requires seven data to be entered, which can vary according to the patient's characteristics; and deliver as results the corrected creatinine, the estimated glomerular filtration rate, and the patient's classification by Chronic Kidney Disease stage. It has minimal hardware requirements and a simple and intuitive user interface. Conclusions: A mobile device application is presented that corrects serum creatinine to a reference method, calculates the estimated glomerular filtration rate and classifies the subject by Chronic Kidney Disease stage.

Introduction: Serum creatinine measurements are usually made by the Jaffé kinetic method (alkaline picrate) but this method is inaccurate due to the presence of interferents. Objective: Design equations that allow correcting the serum creatinine values ??measured by the Jaffé kinetic method. Methods: Experimental methodological study. Serum creatinine values ??obtained from subjects who underwent laboratory tests at the Institute of Nephrology and Pediatrics of Centro Habana, Havana, Cuba were used; by three methods: IDMS-traceable Jaffé kinetic (gold standard), automated Jaffé kinetic, and manual Jaffé kinetic. SPSS 21.0 software was used to perform frequency analysis, Student's t test for comparison of means, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression, and residue analysis. Simple linear regression was performed to obtain the correction equations. Results: 449 subjects were included. Four correction equations were created according to the measurement method and creatinine levels. It was found: Student's t test significant in both comparisons, strong Pearson correlations with r 2 above 0.75. Mean and standard deviation of creatinine once corrected were similar to the gold standard, Pearson's correlation of 0.918 and 0.889 pre-correction, and 0.996 and 0.995 post-correction for automated and manual methods, respectively. Conclusions: Four equations are presented for the correction of serum creatinine concentrations, measured by the Jaffé kinetic method, corresponding to creatinine values lower than 1 mg/dl, and equal or greater than 1 mg/dl, both for the manual and automated methods.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury is an early-stage renal damage that can be detected by neutrophilic gelatinaseassociated lipocalin protein. Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of neutrophilic gelatinase-associated lipocalin protein as an early marker of Acute Kidney Injury. Methodology: narrative review following the PRISMA statement criteria. PubMed, Scopus, and LILACS were the databases consulted. Results: 23 articles published in the last five years were identified. The evidence shows that this protein has biochemical characteristics useful in the early diagnosis of renal injury in different situations and populations. Discussion: The behavior of NGAL has demonstrated its increase in plasma up to 2 hours after the onset of renal impairment. Likewise, its synthesis is not affected by variables such as sex, body mass index, high protein intake, excess physical activity, and alteration in glomerular filtration, which do modify Crs concentrations. Conclusions: Neutrophilic gelatinase-associated lipocalin meets the criteria to become an early biomarker for Acute Kidney Injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La medición del índice de resistencia renal (IR) mediante ecografía Doppler es una técnica común para detectar problemas en el sistema vascular renal. A pesar de su aplicación previa en felinos sanos y con enfermedad renal, su utilidad clínica es incierta. Este estudio buscó correlacionar el IR con marcadores renales (creatinina, BUN/urea y densidad urinaria) en gatos adultos sanos. Se utilizaron 18 gatos mayores de 5 años de Bogotá y Zipaquirá, Colombia, en un estudio descriptivo. Se tomaron muestras de sangre periférica y se midieron BUN, urea y creatinina sérica. Se utilizó el análisis de color espectral Doppler para medir el flujo arterial renal. Los datos se analizaron con el software R® (nivel de confianza del 95%). Los valores promedio obtenidos fueron: creatinina 1,14 ± 0,3 mg/dl, BUN 32,60 ± 6,9 mg/dl, urea 64,10 ± 17,64 mg/dl, densidad urinaria 1052 ± 74,98 e IR 0,69 ± 0,071. Hubo una correlación positiva y estadísticamente significativa (P

Introdução: Após o transplante cardíaco (TxC), alguns pacientes continuam a apresentar mortalidade desproporcionalmente alta. Objetivos: Investigar quais variáveis clínicas estão associadas à sobrevida após o TxC. Métodos: Estudo do tipo coorte retrospectivo, unicêntrico, com 55 pacientes submetidos a TxC no período de maio de 2019 a abril de 2023. Resultados: A regressão logística identificou, como variáveis associadas ao óbito, o aumento da creatinina no pós-operatório imediato (POI) (p = 0,0067), a resistência vascular pulmonar (RVP) (p = 0,0185) e a pressão sistólica da artéria pulmonar (PSAP) prévios ao TxC (p = 0,0415). Ao construir a curva ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) com o delta do aumento da creatinina nas primeiras 24 horas do pós-operatório, o ponto de corte foi de 0.35 mg/dL, a sensibilidade de 0,76 e a especificidade de 0,90. Na curva ROC para a RVP, o ponto de corte foi de 2,23 unidades Woods (WU), com sensibilidade de 0,79 e especificidade de 0,72. Na curva ROC para a PSAP, o ponto de corte foi de 40,50 mmHg, com sensibilidade de 0,89 e especificidade de 0,86. Conclusão: Aumento da creatinina para valor maior ou igual a 0,35 mg/dL nas primeiras 24 horas, PSAP com valores superiores a 40,5 mmHg e aumento da RVP para valor acima de 2,23 WU estão associados ao aumento das taxas de mortalidade hospitalar após o TxC.

Copyright of Enfermería Investiga: Investigaciin, Vinculación, Docencia y Gestiin is the property of Revista Enfermeria Investiga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Selva Andina Animal Science is the property of Fundacion Selva Andina Research Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: la enfermedad cardiovascular y la enfermedad renal constituyen la mayor causa de mortalidad en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) por lo cual es importante conocer el valor relativo del nivel de creatinina y la presencia de albuminuria en la predicción de eventos cardiovasculares (ECV). Objetivos: conocer la fuerza de la asociación entre los niveles de creatinina y albuminuria, y la presencia de ECV en pacientes con DM2. Materiales y métodos: en 270 pacientes (138 hombres y 132 mujeres) con DM2 y una edad X: 66±10,2 años se determinaron el promedio de las tres últimas mediciones de creatinina (método de Jaffe cinético modificado) y las tres últimas determinaciones del cociente albuminuria/creatininuria (nefelometría) en orina matinal. Se documentaron ECV mayores. Se determinó como enfermedad aterosclerótica cardiovascular los antecedentes de infarto de miocardio, angina de pecho, angioplastia y/o cirugía de revascularización miocárdica y/o de miembros inferiores, accidente cerebrovascular. Y enfermedad cardiovascular no aterosclerótica los antecedentes de insuficiencia cardíaca y de arritmias. Resultados: el 31,5% de los pacientes tuvo algún EVC. En el análisis univariado se registró una asociación significativa entre los valores de creatininemia y ECV en la curva ROC, con un valor de corte igual a 1,42 mg/dl (AUC: 0,595; p

Background: chronic kidney disease is considered a global public health problem, being asymptomatic in its earliest stages, the population is not aware of it. Objective: to determine the hidden morbidity by chronic renal disease in early stages, in patients with arterial hypertension. Methods: a study was conducted based on a descriptive, longitudinal, retrospective study. The universe was made up of 150 hypertensive patients from the No. 33 Doctors Office, from “Pedro Díaz Coello” Polyclinic, in the municipality of Holguín, during the year 2021. The sample of 41 patients was selected through non-probabilistic sampling taking into account some inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: the highest number of hypertensive patients was between 59 and 68 years, representing 36 %; males predominated in 19.5 %; the main risk factor was smoking in 12 patients with 29.26 %. According to renal markers (creatinine, microalbuminuria), 16 were altered with 39 %; according to the degree of chronic renal disease, in stage I, there is the greatest predominance for 62.5 % with 10 patients. Conclusions: there was predominance in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease between the ages of 59 to 68 years and males, with smoking and obesity associated as risk factors present in most, with a higher number of stage I patients and a close relationship between high blood pressure and the hidden morbidity of chronic kidney disease.

Renal disease is a serious and frequent complication in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially in those over 50 years of age. Risk factors play a crucial role in the development and progression of this condition, and their early identification is essential to improve prevention and management. Study design: The methodology implemented corresponds to a qualitative-semi-quantitative approach, and the type of study was a bibliographic review of documentary analytical research. Objective: To investigate the risk factors associated with renal disease in people over 50 years of age with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Search for information: Access was obtained through scientific search engines such as PubMed; Elsevier; Scielo, Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria: The researches taken into consideration for the study were from the year 2017 to 2023. Results: The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the development of chronic kidney disease was greater than 50% The Preventive methods used for kidney disease in people older than 50 years were as follows: Blood pressure and cholesterol control, essential medications. Early detection of CKD. Most of the factors are given by Diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia and cardiovascular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: new equations for the estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) have been recently proposed. Equation changes may result in differences regarding the Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) classification of the studied populations. Methods: the serum creatinine-based equations elaborated by Modified Diet for Renal Disease Study (MDRD), Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) 2009 and 2021, European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) were compared for correlation, concordance and effect on CKD staging. Serum creatinine concentration from 38118 consecutive subjects (18 to 75 years, 51% female) were measured by an IDMS traceable method. Results: compared to the 2009 CKD-EPI, the mean difference (limits of agreement) of the MDRD, 2021 CKD-EPI and EKFC equations were -5.8 (-19.3 to 7.8), 3.4 (1.0 to 5.9), -4.9 (-12.6 to 2.7) mL/min x 1.73m² respectively. The concordance, in the same comparisons, was evaluated as excellent (K-Cohen >0.80). The prevalence of CKD [Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classes G3a to G5] was 7.6% by MDRD, 5.9% by CKD-EPI 2009, 7.6% by EKFC and 4.8% according to CKD-EPI 2021. The recognized MDRD equation limits regarding age ranges and normal/high eGFR values were confirmed. Discussion: these data confirm that MDRD equation has less accuracy and limited age-related applicability. The other three studied equations demonstrate high level of correlation and very small quantitative differences. However, these differences significantly affect the staging and prevalence of CKD, especially for mild to moderate classes. Awareness of the problem and appropriate communication are required to be addressed before any change to the eGFR equations can be prosed and used. Greater worldwide harmonization of the eGFR would also be desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: Las fórmulas para la estimación de la tasa de filtración glomerular son fundamentales para estimar el curso de enfermedades renales; incluso ha sido de gran ayuda para obtener datos de prevalencia. Las ecuaciones comparadas con otros métodos son una forma económica y rápida para dar una estimación de la función renal. Objetivo: Describir la utilización de diferentes fórmulas para calcular la tasa de filtración glomerular relacionada con la hipertensión arterial y otras patologías renales y cardiovasculares. Metodología: Se realizó la búsqueda de artículos de investigación en bases de datos como PubMed, Science-Direct, Embase y otras, se estableció un tiempo de publicación entre los años 2018-2022 y se seleccionaron 42 artículos científicos relacionados con el tema. Resultados: La hipertensión arterial es una situación que incrementa el riesgo tanto de enfermedad cardiovascular como de deterioro de la función renal, por lo que en los pacientes hipertensos se espera una relación estrecha en la expresión de ambas patologías. Existen factores que alteran los valores de la creatinina sérica como la dieta, el ejercicio, la edad, el género, la masa muscular, enfermedades musculares y medicamentos. El impacto de la hipertensión en la función renal está descrito además de la relación entre el deterioro de la función renal y el incremento del riesgo cardiovascular; es por esto que en los últimos años la estimación de la función renal se ha incorporado como un marcador de morbilidad y mortalidad cardiovascular. Conclusiones: La estimación de la tasa de filtración glomerular es importante en varios contextos clínicos, en especial en aquellos pacientes con enfermedades que afectan la función glomerular, la creatinina es el biomarcador más usado a pesar de sus evidentes limitaciones.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La lesión renal aguda (LRA) se define como una disminución en la capacidad que tienen los riñones para eliminar los productos nitrogenados de desecho, se instaura en horas o pocos días ocasionando aumento de la creatininemia y disminución del volumen urinario, aunque también puede presentarse con volumen urinario normal. La definición modificada de Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes; KDIGO incluye la diuresis y el aumento de creatininemia como criterios diagnósticos para LRA OBJETIVO: Evaluar la prevalencia de LRA en recién nacidos pretérmino (RNPT) con peso al nacer menor o igual a 1600 gramos internados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Materno Provincial Dr. Raúl Felipe Lucini desde enero a diciembre de 2022. Caracterizar la población de RNPT que desarrolló LRA en función de las alteraciones en la diuresis y terapia de reemplazo renal. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se incluyeron RNPT con peso ≤ a 1600 gramos. A los pacientes incluidos se le registraron los valores de creatininemia obtenidos durante su período de internación. Se calculó la prevalencia de LRA. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 3066 recién nacidos vivos en el año 2022. Fueron incluidos 57 prematuros. Se diagnosticó LRA en 6 pacientes. La prevalencia de LRA en RNPT, en el período estudiado fue de 10,5 %. CONCLUSIÓN: La creatinina sérica es el biomarcador de rutina más utilizado en la práctica clínica para evaluar la función renal. Cumple de manera ineficiente con los requisitos para valorar la LRA dado que mide filtrado glomerular y no daño renal. Es fundamental incorporar biomarcadores tempranos y específicos para el diagnóstico oportuno de esta patología.

The recent position paper by the European Federation of Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) advises against following the US recommendations on the use of the new race-free version of the Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Consortium (CKD-EPI 2021) equation to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The main concern derives from a possible poor CKD estimation, causing an underestimation of renal impairment for the Caucasian population, and therefore for all Europeans. Considering the relevance of the EFLM indication, Biochimica Clinica published the Italian translation of the document and an accompanying editorial suggesting that the European position could be an end point for a better eGFR harmonization. However, the use of different equations for eGFR in US and Europe will entail rather a worse harmonisation: the eGFR values are used for patients enrolment in numerous clinical studies, for the admission to diagnostic procedures or therapies and for the evaluation of their complications and adverse effects. As a consequence, many clinical trials will not be comparable, guidelines and recommendations will be less easily transferable from one country to another and the "regionality" of the equations will not slow down the search for new equations, for different groups and different countries. With equally shared responsibility between US and Europe, this situation seems to be a paradigmatic example of how recommendations in laboratory medicine should not be developed. Nevertheless, the EFLM indication not to adopt the CKD-EPI 2021 race-free equation should be accepted for the moment in Europe, since the harmonization between neighbouring and regional sanitary structures is a priority in the patient care. It should be strengthened that the problem has not been solved yet, and that a greater harmonization action must be rapidly sought, with the aim of a homogeneous calculation and reporting of this widely diffused estimate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To assess renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension, comparing the creatinine clearance figures obtained by the Cockcroft-Gault formula with 24-hour urine creatinine clearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational and descriptive study conducted from January 2018 to January 2020, evaluating patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension, regardless of sex and over 30 years. Renal function was evaluated with the Cockcroft-Gault formula, compared against the measurement of creatinine clearance in 24-hour urine in the laboratory. All patients underwent additional thyroid function tests. RESULTS: One hundred eleven patients with type 2 diabetes were evaluated (41 men and 70 women), of them, 99 (89%) had additional diagnosis of arterial hypertension. Correlation of 0.659 was found, T value 2.67 and a -0.001 p value, indicating that both, the Cockcroft-Gault formula and the creatinine clearance in 24 hours can give precision in the results. Out of the 111 patients, 35 (31.5%) had abnormal tests of thyroid dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Cockcroft-Gault formula is useful for monitoring the renal function of patients, given the lack of 24-hour urine creatinine clearance in the laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: fibromyalgia (FM) is a clinical syndrome that manifests itself with generalized pain in the body, mainly in the muscles. In addition to this symptom, FM is associated with: fatigue, non-restorative sleep, cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression and intestinal disorders. It is hypothesized that chronic oxidative stress (OS) may be a risk factor for neural damage that leads to FM. However, studies that have already been published have evaluated different markers and present controversial results about FM, which raises the need for further research. Aims: To evaluate the biomarkers of EO, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), non-protein thiols (NP-SH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) in patients with FM before starting pharmacological treatment. To describe the sociodemographic characteristics, the most prevalent symptoms, and to analyze the correlation between biochemical analyzes and OS biomarkers. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative, analytical and observational study. The sample consisted of female patients from a private clinic, including 9 patients with fibromyalgia, 9 negative controls, and 9 positive controls. Results: TBARS was higher in the FM group, and there was a correlation between SOD and NP-SH variables in this population. It is also noteworthy that CAT and SOD enzymes, and NP-SH levels, were normal in patients with FM. The most reported symptom was generalized pain and tiredness and creatinine levels were statistically lower in the FM group. Conclusions: Despite normal levels of antioxidant enzymes, fibromyalgia patients had high levels of lipid peroxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción. El herbicida paraquat constituye la primera causa de decesos por intoxicaciones en distintos países. Objetivo. Relacionar las características sociodemográficas y clínicas con la condición final de pacientes intoxicados por paraquat atendidos en un hospital del suroccidente de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. En este estudio observacional, descriptivo, analítico, transversal y retrospectivo, se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos por intoxicación con paraquat en una institución de tercer nivel de complejidad en Pasto (Colombia) entre el 2013 y el 2018. Se recolectó la información sobre la condición final (vivo o fallecido) de cada paciente, así como los datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y de los exámenes paraclínicos. Se establecieron comparaciones por grupos y se diseñó un modelo de regresión logística binaria. Resultados. Se filtró la información de 299 registros y se analizaron finalmente 160 casos. Las características relacionadas con la condición final de los pacientes fueron el tiempo de estancia (OR=0,124; IC95% 0,03-0,6; p=0,009), la frecuencia cardiaca (OR=35,65; IC95% 1,44-884,78; p=0,029) y la creatinina inicial (OR=1,73; IC95% 1,23-2,44; p=0,002). Conclusiones. La proporción de la letalidad fue mayor entre los pacientes con estancia hospitalaria corta, taquicardia y elevación de la concentración sérica de creatinina al ingreso. Este reporte puede ser útil como fundamento de una escala de gravedad para detectar a los pacientes con resultados adversos en la fase temprana para que puedan recibir una intervención oportuna.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been associated with cardiovascular disease, but this is sparsely studied in non-selected populations and with little attention to the effect in age and renal function. Using nationwide administrative data, we investigated the hypothesis of increased one-year risk of cardiovascular event or death associated with AKI. Methods: In a cohort study, we identified all admissions in Denmark between 2008 and 2018. AKI was defined as ≥1.5 times increase from baseline to peak creatinine during admission, or dialysis. We excluded patients with age

Objective. To determine the correlation of kidney function biomarkers at the first evaluation in dogs with different risk factors identified for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and methods. A descriptive, prospective study of cases and controls of 388 animals, divided into five groups: control group (CG), and four groups of potentially kidney-diseased dogs (pCKD) was carried out. Clinical history, physical examination, body condition score (BCS), complete blood count, biochemical profile with symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA), urinalysis, urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPC), and systemic blood pressure were analyzed. Non-parametric statistics were used, and data were expressed as medians and percentiles; for BCS, Xi2 was used. For biomarkers, Spearman’s correlation was performed. Results. For SDMA and serum creatinine (sCr), a moderate correlation was observed for pCKD (r=0.69, p<0.001). Significant differences were observed in the variables age (p=0.002) and BCS (p<0.001) between the CG and the pCKD. Animals with mild azotemia (sCr 125–250 mmol/L) and/or with an SDMA value of 18–35 mg/dL, with or without proteinuria, had a greater probability of presenting an increase in SDMA when the BCS was below 5/9 (OR=3.55, p=0.005). Conclusions. SDMA is a useful complementary biomarker in pre-azotemic stages and advanced stages where there is cachexia and sarcopenia. Biomarkers must be evaluated together to have a complete perspective of renal function in animals with risk factors for developing CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Diversas semillas de oleaginosas son fuente de ácidos grasos esenciales indispensables para cubrir las funciones básicas en el organismo. El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la inclusión de semilla de linaza (Linum usitatissimum)en la dieta de conejos por medio del perfil metabólico. Se utilizaron 20 machos de la raza Nueva Zelandia de 8 meses de edad. Distribuidos en cuatro grupos, recibieron niveles de semilla de linaza (L. usitatissimum) en la dieta total: 0%, 3%, 6% y9%, durante un período de 88 días. Los animales se sometieron a colecta de sangre cada 22 días para determinar glucosa, colesterol total, lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL), triglicéridos, lipoproteínas de muy baja densidad (VLDL), lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL), creatinina y urea. Los datos se evaluaron por análisis de varianza y de regresión con 5% de significancia. La inclusión de semilla de linaza (L. usitatissimum) en la dieta presentó comportamiento cuadrático positivo para concentración plasmática de glucosa y colesterol total. No hubo diferencia significativa entre los tratamientos para la concentración plasmática detriglicéridos, lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL), lipoproteínas de muy baja densidad (VLDL) urea. Hubo comportamiento cúbico para lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL) y creatinina. La inclusión de linaza (L. usitatissimum) en la dieta no presentó efecto hipercolesterolémico en estos animales.

Objetivo. Determinar la correlación de los biomarcadores de funcionamiento renal en la primera evaluación en perros con diferentes factores de riesgo identificados para desarrollar enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo de casos y controles de 388 animales, divididos en cinco grupos: grupo control (GC), y cuatro grupos de perros potencialmente enfermos renales (pERC). Se analizaron historia clínica, examen físico, condición corporal (CC), hemograma, perfil bioquímico con dimetilaginina simétrica (SDMA), urianálisis, ratio proteinuria/creatininuria (UPC) y medición de presión arterial sistémica. Se utilizó estadística no paramétrica y los datos fueron expresados en medianas y percentiles; para la CC se utilizó Xi2. Para los biomarcadores se realizó correlación de Spearman. Resultados. Para SDMA y la creatinina sérica (CrS) se observó una correlación moderada para pERC (r = 0.69, p ˂ 0.001). Se observaron diferencias significativas en las variables edad (p = 0.002), y CC (p ˂ 0.001) entre el GC y los pERC. Los animales azotemia leve (CrS 125-250 mmol/L) y/o con un valor de SDMA de 18-35 mg/dL, con o sin proteinuria tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de presentar un incremento de SDMA cuando se presentó una CC por debajo de 5/9 (OR = 3.55, p = 0.005). Conclusiones. El SDMA es un biomarcador complementario útil en etapas preazotémicas y en estadios avanzados donde existen caquexia y sarcopenia. Los biomarcadores deben evaluarse en conjunto para tener perspectiva completa de la función renal en los animales con factores de riesgo para desarrollar ERC.

Objetivo: estimar intervalos de referência (IR) de creatinina e hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) na população adulta brasileira. Métodos: estudo transversal, utilizando na base de dados Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), entre 2014-2015, composta por 8.952 adultos. Para estabelecer IR, aplicaram-se critérios de exclusão, removeram-se outliers e foi feita estratificação. Após esses procedimentos, a amostra constitui-se de 2.723 adultos para HbA1c e de 2.738 adultos para creatinina. Avaliaram-se diferenças pelos testes Mann Withney e Kruskal Wallis (p≤0,05). Resultados: homens (IR 0,69-1,25; mediana 0,95 mg/dL) apresentaram maiores IR para creatinina que mulheres (IR 0,53-1,05; mediana 0,74 mg/dL) e tiveram maiores valores de limites inferiores (LI) e mediana de HbA1c (sexo masculino: IR: 4,55-5,97; mediana 5,3%; sexo feminino: IR 4,49-5,97; mediana 5,20%) (p ≤ 0,05). Nas mulheres, IR para creatinina foram mais elevados entre 45 a 59 anos (IR: 0,55-1,04; mediana 0,77 mg/dL) e a partir dos 60 anos (IR: 0,54-0,98; mediana 0,77 mg/dL (p ≤ 0,05). Para HbA1c, homens apresentaram IR mais elevados a partir de 60 anos (IR 4,65-6,07; mediana 5,44%) e mulheres a partir de 45 anos (45 a 59 anos: IR 4,61-6,05; mediana 5,40%; e 60 anos ou mais: IR 4,82-6,03; mediana 5,50%) (p ≤ 0,05). Para creatina, foram observados menores LI dos IR e mediana mais proeminente nos adultos de raça/cor branca (IR: 0,56-1,19; mediana 0,85%) em comparação com a parda (IR: 0,55-1,19; mediana 0,84%) (p ≤ 0,05). Conclusão: IR próprios possibilitam desvelar as condições de saúde dos adultos brasileiros e podem subsidiar a identificação adequada de doença renal crônica e diabetes.

Introduction: Paraquat is an agrochemical that constitutes the first cause of death by poisoning in different countries. Objective: To relate sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with the final condition of patients intoxicated by paraquat in a hospital in southwestern Colombia. Materials and methods: This was an observational, descriptive, analytical, crosssectional, and retrospective study. We reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with paraquat poisoning at a level III hospital in Pasto, Colombia, from 2013 to 2018. We collected the data regarding their final condition (alive or deceased) and their sociodemographic, clinical, and paraclinical information. We established group comparisons and designed a binary logistic regression model. Results: We reviewed 299 records and, after the exclusion, we analyzed 160 cases. The characteristics related to the final condition of the patients were length of stay (OR = 0.124; 95% CI: 0.03-0.6; p = 0.009), heart rate (OR = 35.65; 95% CI: 1.44-884.78; p = 0.029), and initial creatinine (OR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.23-2.44; p = 0.002). Conclusion: The proportion of case fatality was higher in patients with short hospital stay times and elevated heart rates and admission creatinine levels. This report may be useful as a rationale for the creation of a severity scale for the early detection of patients with adverse outcomes and their timely treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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O presente estudo avaliou a necessidade de ajuste de dose dos medicamentos de acordo com a função renal dos pacientes da clínica médica em um hospital universitário do Estado de Pernambuco. O estudo seguiu delineamento transversal. Foram analisadas as prescrições dos pacientes internados no período de setembro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. Nesse período, 245 pacientes tiveram suas prescrições avaliadas. Destes, 45 pacientes (18,3%) foram excluídos devido à ausência de informações sobre creatinina e 152 (62,0%) por não necessitarem ajuste da dose de medicamento, porque a função renal estava dentro dos parâmetros de normalidade. Os 48 pacientes restantes foram incluídos no estudo final, pois apresentavam função renal alterada e utilizavam medicamentos excretados por via renal. Dos pacientes, 60,4% receberam, durante a internação, pelo menos uma prescrição com dose de medicamento não ajustado de acordo com a função renal. Dentre os medicamentos com doses não ajustadas, os antimicrobianos foram os mais frequentes. Este estudo alerta para a importância do acompanhamento da função renal, principalmente quando prescritos medicamentos excretados via renal.

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Introducción: La variabilidad intra e inter-individual del calcio, la urea y creatinina en pacientes de hemodiálisis depende del estado nutricional y de la remoción que produce el tratamiento de hemodiálisis. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la variabilidad en un período de observación de 10 meses en grupo de pacientes en un programa de hemodiálisis. Métodos: El presente estudio longitudinal se realizó con pacientes adultos con enfermedad renal crónica estadío 5-d, del centro de diálisis Clinef-Norte en Quito-Ecuador. Las variables fueron edad, sexo, urea, creatinina y calcio total pre y post-diálisis. La muestra fue probabilística, de 120 casos. Se calculó la variación biológica individual (CVI ), la variación biológica inter-individual (CVG), el valor de referencia de cambio y el coeficiente de variación relativa (CVR). Resultados: Se analizaron 165 casos, de 60.5 ± 15.2 años. El CVI de urea fue 0.36% y CVG de 0.87% en pre-diálisis, CVI de 24.3% y CVG de 28.94% en post- diálisis. La CVI de creatinina fue de 10.8% y CVG de 24.23% en pre-diálisis, en post-diálisis CVI de 12.9% y CVG de 36.36%. El CVI del Calcio no fue calculable, el CVG fue de 7.31%. Conclusiones: El CVI de la urea pre –diálisis indicó una estabilidad de la ingesta proteica. El CVI de la urea post –diálisis fu variable y está relacionada a diferencias en la prescripción del flujo extracorpóreo de la Hemodiálisis. La CVI de la creatinina sérica tiene implicaciones con pérdida constante de la masa muscular en el tiempo de estudio. La CVG del calcio se asoció con un aumento de la calcemia en los primeros 4 meses y una caída constante luego de este período, probablemente asociado a disminución de ingesta de productos de calcio luego del 4to mes del tratamiento de diálisis.

O diagnóstico da Insuficiência Renal Crônica (IRC) inclui a identificação de importantes quadros como azotemia, ou outras alterações que afetem o funcionamento da filtração renal, alterando, assim, a homeostase. Um cão Labrador, macho, 13 anos, 28 kg foi atendido em uma Clínica Veterinária de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Na anamnese foi relatado que o animal tinha dores articulares crônicas, atrofia dos membros torácicos e histórico de descompressão de vértebras lombares e artrodese do joelho direito, além de fazer uso recorrente de anti-inflamatórios (meloxicam) por parte dos tutores. Foram solicitados hemograma, bioquímicos séricos e ultrassonografia de abdômen e estes indicaram quadro grave de azotemia (Ureia: 293, 85 mg/dL e Creatinina: 5,78 mg/dL) e imagem compatível com bexiga neurogênica. Administrou-se fluido Ringer com Lactato, Tramadol, Dipirona, Hidróxido de Alumínio e Ranitidina. Após 7 dias de internação, o animal apresentava dor ao andar e urinar, dificuldade no esvaziamento da bexiga, não se alimentava nem bebia água. Devido à persistência da azotemia (Ureia: 148,39 mg/dL e Creatinina: 5,03 mg/dL) o animal foi eutanasiado. O uso de anti-inflamatórios ao longo dos anos levou à insuficiência renal crônica.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate if in patients with COVID-19 hypoxemia is a risk factor of acute kidney injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive, analytical study was done from May 1st to September 30th, 2020, including patients over 18 years of age admitted to the emergency service of a COVID-19 care medical center with the criteria of a suspected case of COVID-19 plus chest tomography with suggestive images. They were classified by the serum creatinine (SCr) value: Group 1 (G1) without acute kidney injury and group 2 (G2) with acute kidney injury. RESULTS: One hundred and five patients were recruited. G1 included 32 patients (30.5%) and G2 73 (69.5%). Median SCr at admission was 0.7 and 1.0 mg/dL for G1 and G2, respectively (p = 0.05). The median PaO2/FiO2 at admission for G1 was 90 mmHg and for G2 105 mmHg (p = 0.76) without finding association with admission acute kidney injury; arterial oxygen saturation (SatO2) equal or higher than 92% to the moment of admission to the emergency department presented a negative correlation for the development of acute kidney injury (Pearson: -0.537, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: In the initial phase of COVID-19, hypoxemia is not a triggering factor for acute kidney injury; however, SatO2 can be a distracting marker of respiratory stability since persistent hypoxemia would be one more conditioning of acute kidney injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A avaliação do perfil bioquímico renal sérico é uma metodologia rotineiramente utilizada, muitas vezes em conjunto com outros exames, como a urinálise e a ultrassonografia, para avaliar o sistema urinário. Por meio dela, é possível realizar o diagnóstico de doenças renais, bem como fazer o acompanhamento da progressão dos tratamentos instituídos. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho é fazer uma revisão de literatura acerca da bioquímica urinária e de sua utilização no diagnóstico de distúrbios renais, através da avaliação de diferentes marcadores renais. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo analítico, desenvolvido através de pesquisa do tipo bibliográfica, utilizando-se da análise de livros, revistas, publicações especializadas e artigos, datados a partir de janeiro de 2010. Para tanto, foram utilizadas ferramentas digitais, como a PubVet, o Google Acadêmico, Periódicos Capes, Scielo e Science direct. Concluiu-se que os biomarcadores creatinina e ureia, ainda são os mais utilizados na rotina clínica veterinária. O SDMA é um novo biomarcador mais precoce que creatinina e ureia, que vem demonstrando bons resultados nos diagnósticos de doença renal aguda e doença renal crônica.

Contexto: en el curso de la enfermedad del paciente cirrótico, la insuficiencia renal es un eventode mal pronóstico. Objetivo: identificar en estos pacientes los factores de riesgo de IRA, tales como: presencia deprocesos infecciosos, hipovolemia inducida por hemorragia, pérdidas gastrointestinales o renalesy agentes nefrotóxicos, ya que conocer de su aparición es primordial para dar comienzo a lasmedidas terapéuticas y las acciones profilácticas. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, EMBASE,Scopus y Google académico, usando los términos MeSH como insuficiencia renal aguda, creatinina, cirrosis hepática, síndrome hepatorenal. Se obtuvieron resultados entre artículos originales, metaanálisis, reportes de casos, series de casos y revisiones de la literatura, y se escogieron 16 documentos para la elaboración de esta revisión. Resultados: los nuevos criterios definidos por el Club Internacional de Ascitis (AKI-IAC), loscuales eliminan el gasto urinario, se determinan por un aumento de la creatinina sérica?0,3mg/dL en menos de 48 horas y, mejoran el pronóstico, permitiendo realizar intervenciones opor-tunas. Conclusiones: la creatinina sigue siendo el biomarcador más utilizado en insuficiencia renalaguda (IRA), incluso en pacientes cirróticos, a pesar de sus múltiples limitaciones. Un criterio dinámico modificado a partir de los criterios de AKIN, se convierte en el patrón de oro para eldiagnóstico de IRA en cirrosis.

Low to moderate concentrations of condensed tannins in ruminant diets are considered to increase the postruminal flow of non-ammonia nitrogen. The objective of this research was study the microbial protein synthesis and nitrogen balance of lactating cows fed with a diet of two tannin sources, based on sorghum (condensed tannin) with increasing levels of tannic acid (hydrolysable tannin). So, increasing levels of tannic acid in a sorghum-based diet for five Holstein/Zebu crossbred lactating heifers were subject to a 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design, five heifers x five tannins acid levels x five periods. The excretion of total purine derivatives, through the collection of spot urine samples, and the N concentration values in the milk and urine were used. All heifers received 9.87 kg/DM of corn silage as roughage and 6.38 kg of concentrate (not fed ad libitum). Diet 1 (control) contained low-tannin sorghum (0.027 kg total tannin), and the other diets contained high-tannin sorghum. The levels of tannic acid added used were established based on the quantity of condensed tannin in high-tannin sorghum. Thus, diets 2, 3, 4, and 5 were supplemented with 1.5g (13% DM), 79.5g (2.6% DM), 157.5 g (3.9% DM), and 235.5 g (5.2% DM) of tannic acid totalling 0.078, 0.156, 0.234, and 0.321 total tannin kg/day respectively. The urinary excretions of urea (2.0055), total allantoin (185.12 mmol/day-1), and total purine derivatives (222.32 mmol/day-1); absorbed purines 179.3 mmol/day-1); the N microbian synthesis (130.358 (g)N/day-1); and the concentrations of allantoin in milk (36.40 mmol/day-1) were not affected by the diets. Diets using two tannins (hydrolysable and condensed) sources supplementation didn't affect the animals' health, neither improved the microbial synthesis efficiency nor the N balance for milk production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: en la farmacia comunitaria se realizan determinaciones de parámetros analíticos cada vez con más frecuencia. Los valores obtenidos son muy útiles en el trabajo de atención farmacéutica. Uno de ellos, la creatinina en sangre, puede ser especialmente útil para la detección y seguimiento de la enfermedad renal crónica. Además, permitiría sugerir al clínico la desprescripción o ajuste de dosis de determinados medicamentos nefrotóxicos o de eliminación renal en función del filtrado glomerular calculado. Se plantea valorar la utilidad de un nuevo aparato, el StatSensor Xpress Creatinine® de Nova Biomedical como paso previo a la realización de un estudio sobre la posibilidad de implantar un servicio con estas características. Material y métodos: a partir de una muestra de sangre proporcionada por uno de los investigadores y una solución control de creatinina se preparan 35 muestras que son analizadas con el aparato problema. Otras 35 muestras alícuotas de las primeras son analizadas por un laboratorio de referencia. Se evalúan la exactitud, rendimiento diagnóstico y precisión mediante las pruebas Passing Bablock, coeficiente de correlación de Lin, Bland Altman, sensibilidad y especificidad diagnóstica y coeficiente de variación. Resultados: la prueba de Passing Bablock y el coeficiente de Lin son correctos. Bland Altman es estadísticamente significativa en valores superiores a 5 mg/dl. La sensibilidad y especificidad diagnósticas son del 100 % y el coeficiente de variación es menor del 5 %. Conclusión: el analizador de mano StatSensor Xpress Creatinine® es válido en el rango de valores habituales en farmacia comunitaria.

Purpose: Kidney transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for end stage renal disease. Although different hemodynamic variables, like central venous pressure and mean arterial pressure, have been used to guide volume replacement during surgery, the best strategy still ought to be determined. Respiratory arterial Pulse Pressure Variation (PPV) is recognized to be a good predictor of fluid responsiveness for perioperative hemodynamic optimization in operating room settings. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a PPV guided fluid management strategy is better than a liberal fluid strategy during kidney transplantation surgeries. Identification of differences in urine output in the first postoperative hour was the main objective of this study. Methods: We conducted a prospective, single blind, randomized controlled trial. We enrolled 40 patients who underwent kidney transplantation from deceased donors. Patients randomized in the “PPV” group received fluids whenever PPV was higher than 12%, patients in the “free fluid” group received fluids following our institutional standard care protocol for kidney transplantations (10 mL.kg-1. h-1). Results: Urinary output was similar at every time-point between the two groups, urea was statistically different from the third postoperative day with a peak at the fourth postoperative day and creatinine showed a similar trend, being statistically different from the second postoperative day. Urea, creatinine and urine output were not different at the hospital discharge. Conclusion: PPV guided fluid therapy during kidney transplantation significantly improves urea and creatinine levels in the first week after kidney transplantation surgery. Resumo: Objetivo: Transplante renal é o tratamento padrão-ouro na doença renal em estágio terminal. Embora diferentes variáveis hemodinâmicas, tais como pressão venosa central e pressão arterial média, tem sido usadas para orientar a estratégia de reposição volêmica durante a cirurgia, a melhor estratégia ainda não foi determinada. A Variação da Pressão de Pulso (VPP) durante o ciclo respiratório é reconhecida como um bom preditor da resposta à infusão de volume para otimização hemodinâmica perioperatória no centro cirúrgico. O objetivo do estudo foi estudar se a estratégia de reposição de volume orientada por VPP é melhor do que a estratégia liberal de reposição de volume durante cirurgia de transplante renal.O principal objetivo do estudo foi identificar diferença no débito urinário na primeira hora do pós-operatório. Método: Realizamos estudo prospectivo, uni-cego, randomizado, controlado. Incluímos 40 pacientes submetidos a transplante renal de doador cadáver. Pacientes randomizados para o grupo “VPP” receberam volume quando a VPP estava acima de 12%, e os pacientes no grupo “reposição liberal” receberam volume de acordo com o nosso protocolo institucional padrão de assistência para transplante renal (10 mL.kg-1. h-1). Resultados: O débito urinário foi semelhante em todos os tempos nos dois grupos, a ureia foi estatisticamente diferente a partir do terceiro dia do pós-operatório com pico no quarto dia do pós-operatório e a creatinina apresentou tendência semelhante, tornando-se estatisticamente diferente a partir do segundo dia do pós-operatório. Ureia, creatinina e débito urinário não estavam diferentes na alta hospitalar. Conclusões: A terapia orientada por VPP durante transplante renal melhorou de forma significante os níveis de ureia e creatinina na primeira semana pós-transplante renal.

Objectives. Our aim was to examine prospectively pre­dictors of subclinical renal alterations among adults without chronic kidney disease. Materials and methods. We analyzed data from a cohort of Mexican adults (n=757). Kidney function (2010) was assessed with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR-Cr), serum creatinine and uric acid. Predictors of each kidney function marker (2004) were identified with linear and logistic regression models. Results. 33% had an eGFR-Cr 40 years old and users of antihypertensive medication; and higher among those with a high protein intake. Serum creatinine predictors were similar to those observed for eGFR-Cr. Uric acid decreased in men, among those with obesity, hypertension and high cholesterol. Conclusion. Conventional kidney function biomarkers are useful to identify subclinical alterations. Some predictors of kidney function are potentially modifiable, therefore suscep­tible for intervention among high-risk groups.

Introducción: La Nefropatía Inducida por Contraste (NIC) es una complicación causada por la administración intravenosa de medios de contrastes para estudios imagenológicos, lo cual incrementa la morbi-mortalidad y costos hospitalarios. La incidencia oscila el 2% en personas sin factores de riesgo, pudiendo llegar hasta el 25 a 50% cuando se asocian factores predisponentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el desarrollo de NIC en pacientes oncológicos y no oncológicos hospitalizados, sus características clínicas, prevalencia, factores asociados y aplicación de una escala de riesgo pre exposición. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en los Hospitales “Abel Gilbert Pontón” y el Instituto Oncológico Nacional “Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo” - Guayaquil en el período Abril a Septiembre del 2020. La muestra fue no probabilística, de pacientes con y sin diagnóstico oncológico. En ambos grupos se requirió una tomografía contrastada. Se registró edad, sexo, tipo de cáncer, presencia de Diabetes Tipo 2 (DMT2), Hipertensión arterial, creatinina basal y a las 48 horas. Se usó una escala de preexposición para NIC. Se compara las prevalencias con Chi2, y las asociaciones con Odds Ratio. Resultados: Fueron 100 casos y 100 controles. La prevalencia de NIC fue 28% en no oncológicos y 22% en oncológicos (P=0.33), el factor de riesgo asociado fue la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (OR 2.19 [IC95% 1.0007 – 4.808; P=0.0498). El valor de creatinina previa no tuvo efecto sobre el desenlace de nefropatía. La distribución de categorías pre exposición no mostró diferencias significativas entre los pacientes que desarrollaron NIC en relación con los que no desarrollaron (P=0.063). Conclusión: El desarrollo de NIC no se ve influenciado por edad, sexo, paciente e HTA, pero si se ve asociado a la presencia de DM2. La estratificación de riesgo pre exposición no fue de utilidad en este caso, su distribución fue similar en pacientes con o sin NIC.

Background: Variables associated with body tissue mobilization place dairy cows at greater risk of reproductive failure. Objective: To investigate the association between blood metabolites and body condition score (BCS) at the beginning of lactation and the reproductive efficiency and milk yield of Holstein cows in a hot environment. Methods: In total, 165 Holstein cows were selected for the study from which blood samples were taken to determine the concentration of various blood metabolites and their association with the reproductive efficiency and milk yield. Results: Cows with serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) ≤0.8 mmol/L one week postpartum were 3.3 times more likely to become pregnant at first service, and 2.2 times more likely to become pregnant before 80 d postpartum than cows with higher serum BHBA levels. The odds (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.3–5.4; p<0.01) of a cow getting pregnant at first service were higher in cows with serum creatinine levels higher than 2.0 mg/dL one week postpartum than cows with lower blood levels of this metabolite. The BCS at 30 and 60 d postpartum that predicted pregnancy at first service and pregnancy to all services was 3.0. Blood urea nitrogen >15 mg/dL, creatinine <1.8 mg/dL, total protein ≤5.0 mg/dL one week postpartum, and >0.40 units of BCS loss during the first 30 d postpartum were critical threshold that predicted the likelihood of 305-d milk yield higher than 10,500 kg. Conclusions: Serum BHBA and creatinine one wk after calving as well as BCS 30 and 60 d post-calving provided reasonably accurate cut-off screening values to discriminate cows with better reproductive performance and higher 305-d milk yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the profile of biomarkers (C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6 and creatinine) in patients with pneumonia, during the hospitalization period, according to survival or death, relating the severity of pneumonia or indicative of development of acute kidney disease in patients with pneumonia. A prospective study was carried out with 47 patients who were hospitalized with pneumonia in the city of Cajazeiras, Paraíba. Laboratory analyzes were performed to quantify serum creatinine, C-reactive protein, IL-6 and TNF-α. Results were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and the Spearman correlation test. Significant differences were considered when p<0.05. It was observed that the levels of creatinine, C-reactive protein, IL-6 and TNF-α were higher in the group of patients with pneumonia who died. Patients with pneumonia and acute kidney disease from the group who died had higher levels of creatinine and IL-6. For this group, creatinine, TNF-α and IL-6 levels correlated directly proportional to the CURB-65 scale score. It is suggested that inflammatory biomarkers can be used to monitor the disease's clinical condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]