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This qualitative research explores the research capabilities of Third-Year Pre-Service Teachers (PSTs) enrolled in the Bachelor of Elementary Education program at the College of Teacher Education in a Higher Educational Institution. Employing a phenomenological design, the study aims to discover commonalities from PSTs' collective research experiences, ensuring data authenticity and integrity. Data collection involved one-on-one, open-ended interviews with ten (10) Third-Year PSTs, who shared insights from their research endeavors. The study revealed that PSTs are intrinsically and extrinsically motivated by personal growth, mentorship, team support, and positive feedback. Research is seen as crucial for their academic and professional development, going beyond mere obligation. These motivations strongly influence their attitude and performance in research. The PSTs addressed about a variety of adversities encountered when carrying out the study, including title formulation, locating current, relevant literature, translating the contents word for word, and choosing relevant theories to provide the results' foundation. Yet, PSTs surmounted numerous adversities to do research; PSTs took calculated risks to surmount the difficult research uphill battle and initiated useful coping mechanisms to get beyond the difficulties. These strategies include efficient time management, group collaboration, effective communication, resourcefulness, task allocation, mentorship, self-care, optimism, and self-direction. Therefore, PSTs' research capabilities reflect a synthesis of motivations, challenges, and coping mechanisms encountered throughout the research journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic burnout is a pervasive issue among students, leading to exhaustion, disengagement, and negative impacts on mental health. This study investigates academic burnout and coping mechanisms among students. Data was collected from 337 students using standardized tools, including the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory for Students and the Brief-COPE questionnaire. The results indicate high levels of academic burnout, particularly in terms of exhaustion and disengagement. Additionally, students employ various coping mechanisms, with moderate engagement in problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies, and lesser use of avoidant coping. Furthermore, correlation analysis reveals significant relationships between academic burnout and coping mechanisms, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. Recommendations include providing resources and support for students experiencing burnout, promoting healthy coping mechanisms, and implementing stress management programs. Longitudinal studies are recommended to assess the long-term effects of coping strategies on academic burnout and well-being. Ultimately, addressing academic burnout and enhancing coping mechanisms are crucial for promoting student well-being and academic success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key digested message The role of UK adult social workers involves supporting individuals in various settings to enhance their independence. Negative stereotypes and lack of understanding of the social worker's role may impact their effectiveness. Aggression from clients is prevalent, with verbal abuse and physical violence being common. Factors such as clients' mental health and past trauma contribute to aggression. Coping mechanisms include organisational strategies and personal self-care. Building trust is crucial but can be undermined by stereotypes and media portrayal. A case study exemplifies the challenges faced, highlighting the need for proactive intervention and support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionObjectiveMethodResultsConclusionEach year, over 700,000 people die by suicide worldwide, and far more attempt and are impacted by the outcome. Agriculture is one of the most dangerous industries in which to work; it is also exposed to a lot of external stressors, such as climatic conditions, market forces (both input and output) and government regulation, as well as internal such as employment and of staff, multiple skills required and isolation. These stressors contribute to the higher rate of farm suicide cases. While there is growing evidence of the protective circumstances (factors) that protect against suicide and suicidality, more needs to be done in the agricultural sector.To review global literature and consolidate the current knowledge regarding protective factors against suicide and suicidality in agricultural communities and elucidate the implications of these findings.A systematic scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-Sc). A range of databases was searched for the terms “suicide*” or “suicidal behavior”, “suicide attempt”, or “suicidal ideation”, or “suicidality”, and “farm*” or ‘agricultural worker*’ or ‘rancher*’ and ‘protective factors’ or protect”. Paper included had to be peer reviewed in English, include people living, working in or with agriculture or lived in an agricultural area.Fourteen studies met the study criteria, predominately (72%) from the United States of America and Australia. Four (29%) articles discussed individual coping mechanisms and self-reliance as protective factors against suicide and suicidality, while six (43%) described the influence of social support and perceived sense of belonging on suicide risk. Five (36%) papers examined the association between health-promoting and suicide-prevention initiatives as protective factors in agricultural communities.There is limited, however, growing literature about protective factors for the prevention of suicide in agriculture; however, it is skewed to high-income countries. This review demonstrates a link between the development of individual coping skills as a protective factor against suicide in agricultural communities, with a primary focus on farming occupations within this setting. Social support was found to help reduce suicide risk by increasing a sense of belonging. These need to be exploited to drive down suicide rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative research delves into the lived experiences of survivors of Typhoon Yolanda, focusing on five overarching themes: environmental factors, preparedness and actions, challenges and adversities, community support, coping mechanisms, and emotional responses and reflections. Employing NVivo with Clark and Braun Thematic analysis, narratives were distilled from participants who met stringent inclusion criteria: (a). directly experienced the impact of Typhoon Yolanda, (b) residing in affected areas during the typhoon or facing its aftermath, (c) must be of legal age at the time typhoon Yolanda struck, (d) to have lived through the entire ten-year period since the typhoon in the same place, (e) must experience loss of property, or become injured or someone from the family become injured or a casualty due to typhoon Yolanda, (f) must express a willingness to share their experiences through in-depth interviews. The study was conducted in coastal areas of Northern Negros, designated as Yolanda Corridors, capturing the essence of survivor accounts within this unique locale. Environmental factors shaped the severity of the disaster, prompting diverse preparedness actions yet yielding unforeseen challenges. Despite adversities, community support emerged as a cornerstone of resilience, fostering solidarity and aid distribution. Coping mechanisms, ranging from faith to familial bonds, were pivotal in navigating the emotional aftermath. The emotional responses and reflections of survivors unveil a spectrum of feelings, illustrating the intricate interplay of trauma and renewal post-disaster. Some survivors decided to rebuild in their hometowns, while others looked for work abroad or in bustling cities; those who ventured overseas sent remittances back home, while those in urban areas sought employment. Meanwhile, many found support through NGOs' activities, with initiatives offering resources and training for sustainable livelihoods; some started modest sarisari businesses, providing essentials to the community and bolstering the local economy. These findings offer nuanced insights into the human experience of disaster recovery, informing future interventions and policy frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disasters occur during unanticipated events, in which immediate responses are needed under the process of rescue and relief operations. Rescuers play an important role during disasters and catastrophes, they ensure that public safety is prioritized. Rescuers deal with various rescue operations, and it was evident that they have faced challenging experiences going through emergencies and disaster responses. Although these duties are essential to the community, they are taxing on rescuers and increase their risk of trauma over time which may lead to poor performance at work, job dissatisfaction, and sleep deprivation. emergencies are unpredictable and cause destructive effects on our society, it has become an important research project in the field of crisis management for the development of scientific coping mechanisms and to improve rescuers' resilience. Psychological distress was experienced during disasters which affected the rescuers emotionally. Given that emergencies are unpredictable and cause destructive effects on our society, it has become an important research project in the field of crisis management for the development of scientific coping mechanisms and to improve rescuers' resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to find out the Problems, Challenges, and coping Mechanisms of the Select Students and Asaatidz of Ja'miatul Waqf in the aftermath of the Marawi Siege. It attempted to find answers to the following queries: (1) what is the Demographic Profile of the respondents in terms of Age, Sex, Civil Status, Educational Attainment, Ethnic Affiliation, and Monthly Income? (2) What are the Problems and Challenges Confronting the selected Assatidz and Students in the aftermath of the Marawi Siege in terms of Psycho-Social, Living Condition, Financial, and Health Conditions? (3) What are the Coping Mechanisms of the Selected Assatidz and Students of Ja'miatul Waqf in the aftermath of the Marawi siege in terms of Education, Adaptation, Acceptance, Open-Mindedness, and satisfaction of Basic Needs? The study utilized the Inferential research design that made use of both descriptive qualitative and correlation quantitative approaches in the interpretation of data gathered as well as information regarding the Problem, Challenges, and Coping Mechanism of the selected Assatidz and Students of Ja'miatul Waqf as an aftermath of Marawi Siege. The principal aim of employing this method is to describe the nature of the situation as it exists at the time of the study and to explore the Problems, Challenges, and Coping mechanisms of the respondents. The 100 respondents were the 10 Selected Assatidz, 40 College Students (Khuliyyah), and 50 High School Students (Thanawe). The respondents were all based in Marawi City. Further, statistical tools, such as the chi-square independent test, the frequency and percentage distribution, and the measure of central tendency (weighted mean), were utilized in order to achieve the objectives of this study. The significant findings of this study are the following: (1) Majority of the respondents are Meranaw females aged between 18 to 22 years old and some high school students. Most of them are single with monthly income below 5,000 or none at all. (2) The respondent's responses to the problems, challenges, and coping mechanisms in terms of psycho--social, living conditions, finances, and health presented by the researchers are shown in the table below. The respondents agreed on the Psycho-social and financial, while they neither agreed nor disagreed on the living conditions and health that the statement presented by the researcher is the problems and challenges that they faced after the Marawi siege. On the other hand, they agreed on the psycho-social, living conditions, and health, while they neither agreed nor disagreed that the statements presented by the researcher are their coping mechanism toward problems and challenges. (3) Based on the computed Square Independent Test, there is a significant relationship between the problem and challenges towards their coping mechanism in terms of psychosocial, living conditions, finances, and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aim Methods Findings Conclusions Implications for nursing and health policy Nurses' critical input and firsthand disaster management experience are vital to healthcare quality.This study aims to comprehend nurses' experiences during and after the earthquakes, their coping mechanisms for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the consequent effects on their profession, given the nurses' crucial role in disaster response.A descriptive qualitative study using semistructured interviews was conducted between April and May 2024. Fifteen nurses were selected using criterion and snowball sampling methods from those working as earthquake survivor nurses in the affected areas. The COREQ guidelines for reporting qualitative research were followed.Five main themes were: emotional reactions/physical difficulties, career and motivation, PTSD and well‐being, suggestions, and work performance. The results highlighted the significant psychological and professional challenges that nurses encounter, including the effects of severe PTSD symptoms, coping strategies, and the influence on their capacity to deliver care.Nurses dealing with earthquakes face unique challenges that test their resilience on all levels. Learning from their experiences and coping mechanisms can help healthcare systems support these frontline workers better. Investing in disaster preparedness and mental health resources for nurses is crucial for their well‐being and the overall strength of the healthcare system during crises.Effectively managing workloads and rest periods can reduce physical fatigue and prevent burnout. Shift rotations and adequate staffing levels are necessary. Access to psychological mental health support is vital for nurses to recover from the psychological effects of disasters. Regular disaster preparedness training is imperative for physical safety and psychological resilience. Robust support systems, including safe accommodation and peer support groups, are crucial for nurses in disaster response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performance recognition is a program implemented in school in order to recognize the performance of teachers in teaching, curricular and co-curricular activities in school. The primary objective of this study was to explore the experiences, challenges, coping mechanisms, insights gained by the teachers on performance recognition and how performance recognition motivate teacher to perform better. The study was conducted in four schools in Laak South District, Davao de Oro. A qualitative phenomenological research design was employed, and purposive sampling was utilized to select eight participants. The study's findings revealed that participants' experiences in receiving and qualifying for performance recognition were: felt validated, pressured, not easy but doable, awarded at the start of the pandemic, teachers perform in various aspects, and stressful yet challenging. The challenges they encountered were overlapping tasks, disciplining the students, and sacrificing sleep. Their coping mechanisms were proper time management, asking assistance from colleagues, encouraging learners, prioritizing tasks, applying previous knowledge, getting to know the learners, and being open on their emotions. The paper concluded with the recommendation that the findings from teachers' experiences will assist the school administrators in improving the performance recognition program implemented in respective schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is specifically concerned with the beginning school paper advisers who engaged in campus journalism without significant knowledge in handling the role and the lack of experience and awareness of circumstances like school paper management and competitive journalism. Consequently, it aims to determine the best practices employed by the more experienced school paper advisers in the province - how they select their writers, conduct trainings, and manage in school paper production. This study utilized the qualitative method of research using phenomenology, and participants were selected via purposive sampling, which trimmed down to just seven participants. Findings revealed that experienced school paper advisers select their potential writers mainly through a systematic screening process, recommendations and cherry picking best students in the campus. Some advisers found it hard to select students due to conflicting responsibilities and inclinations. Moreover, writers are trained through a rigid process while other advisers opted to invite resource speakers for the students to gather relevant knowledge in campus journalism. However, most advisers complain about the lack of funds and equipment to sustain the program; as a result, they opt to expend own resources in compensating the needs from students' meals and snacks to giving incentives and honoraria. In addition, some advisers experience stressful moments in paper production, especially that they had to regularly review writers' outputs; others have to rely to other person with much experience in layouting, so they had to shell out money to accomplish it. Despite these challenges, advisers believe that everything will be worthwhile after seeing their product that comes from dedication and hard work. Therefore, advisers adapted strategies in fulfilling the program to sustain, and the mechanisms they applied to their student writers would also hinge on the school environment, community support, and personal qualities that contribute to the success in their program. As a recommendation, it all goes back to the implementation of RA 7079 or the Campus Journalism Act, particularly with regards to the allocation of funds for campus journalism, to somehow enhance the quality of school paper advisers through seminar-workshops, partnerships, cost-reduction strategies, and student-led initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are increasing mental health concerns in the construction industry workforce, with stress being a primary concern. This qualitative study investigates stress experiences and the management of stress in office-based and on-site workers in the UK building construction sector. This study can provide key insights for construction, but also potentially other industries which struggle with high stress levels among their employees. Methods: A total of 40 semi-structured interviews (20 on-site/20 office-based) were conducted at large-scale building construction projects in the southeast UK. Framework method analysis was used to derive an understanding of stress in the workplace and coping strategies. Results: The study identified two major themes: the negative influence of work stress on personal and professional wellbeing, and the management of stress through proactive and reactive coping strategies. Results indicated that on-site workers frequently cited high workloads, tight deadlines, and safety concerns, whereas office-based workers tended to highlight job complexity and organisational pressures. Both population sub-groups reported stress affecting their work performance, with site-workers having the added concern of physical health and safety. Coping strategies among workers tended to rely on support networks, outside-the-workplace hobbies, and boundary-setting, among others. Conclusions: Stress remains a significant problem in the workplace and affects wellbeing; however, there are ways to mitigate the stress. Our findings could provide a foundation for intervention development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sparse professional literature on complaints against social workers, focuses on a few specific variables, discussing them from a universal/contextless viewpoint. This study considers such complaints as a holistic (integrative) issue which should be studied within particular contexts. The research traced service users' complaints against social workers, investigating social workers' conceptions concerning the extent and type of complaints, and the social workers' coping mechanisms. A phenomenological approach elicited data from semi-structured in-depth interviews with 16 social workers from Arab welfare bureaus in Israel. Findings indicated that formal complaints are rare despite many grievances (tazamur) concerning the service. There are almost no complaints concerning serious offences, because in addition to formal punishment, community cultural punishments are severe. Complaints can be lodged in eight regulatory bodies, inside or outside the bureau, distinguished as either educational or disciplinary in policy. Coping strategies (expressing internal or external loci of control) depend on the complaint type (against the system or against the social workers' professional functioning and/or ethical behaviour) and the regulatory body's character. A professional-ethical complaint is a context-informed pragmatic challenge that social workers should understand and be trained to consider as an opportunity for professional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to give an in-depth understanding and analysis of the survival mechanisms of a family who eats pagpag. It also focuses on how the family in the slums survives everyday life with pagpag as their daily meal. In this study, the researchers have their three main objectives. The first objective is to learn about the life experiences of a family that eats pagpag. The second one strives to know the selected family's perspective regarding pagpag as their daily meal and the reasons that drove them to eat pagpag. The last one, the researchers, want to discover is the perceived impact of eating pagpag on the selected family. A case study was used in this research to further understand how page serves as the survival mechanism of the selected family. Also, the sampling method that was applied is purposive sampling, for this research needs sure participants. The participants consist of a family who lives in the slums of Tondo, Manila. This study deliberates how the selected family survives with the help of pagpag as their daily meal. Through their perspective and opinions, the researchers developed more reliable data that can answer their objectives. The garbage considered today serves as a mechanism for the selected family. Furthermore, the researchers discovered how essential Pagpag is to the selected families. It cannot be denied how Pagpag helps them to survive. However, consuming Pagpag has its consequences. The researchers also found out why the selected families were driven into a situation where they could only rely on Pagpag as their meal, first, due to poverty that was consuming them. Second, there is a lack of government action to solve the problem. The researchers also asked the participants if they would still choose Pagpag as their meal. They answered yes; they would still consume Pagpag because they had already had it since they started living at Aroma. Their answer seems to signify the actual state of poverty here in our country, where people in slums have already forgotten the meaning of hope and are mistaken to think that poverty cannot be cured anymore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This phenomenological study aimed to understand teachers' School-Based Management experiences in the last-mile schools. This study recorded their challenges, their coping mechanisms, and what learning and insights they can share. Moreover, it involved twenty (20) teachers from the Division of South Cotabato in the T'boli II district located at Barangay Maan, T'boli, South Cotabato, Philippines. They underwent in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) using the validated research instrument. The findings of this study revealed that teachers encountered the challenges of Burdening Pressure, Overwhelming Paperwork, Wavering Confidence, Emerging Passiveness, Occurring Misunderstanding, Varying Loads, Unravelling Authenticity, Lacking Knowledge, and Believing in Competence. In addition, they could cope with it by Uplifting Themselves, Receiving Compliments, Free-flowing Dialogue, Safe-Keeping Documents, Preparing Themselves, Replenishing Environment, Sharing Informal Conversation, and Learning Accountability. Finally, their insights were about Becoming One's Best Version, Having a Compassionate Heart, Stepping out of Comfort Zone, Lagging in Action, Hoping in Sanguinity, Laboring in Bliss, and Thriving Values. Further, the data of this study would contribute meaningfully to understanding the realest predicaments of mountain teachers. Likewise, this study would motivate and impact the teachers serving the last-mile schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With concerns still on the level of public awareness and knowledge of mental health, people who are diagnosed with mental health disorders are still having difficulties in receiving appropriate help. There is a need for better understanding and promoting awareness of what people experiencing such challenges are going through and identifying their needs. The study encompasses the lived experiences of individuals with mood disorders, how their diagnosis has changed their lifestyle, their interaction with others, the difficulties they experience, and how they are coping with their condition upon being aware of it. This study uses a qualitative research design and an interpretative phenomenological approach. The study conducted interviews to learn the lived experiences of nine (9) participants, where they could share their experience with changes and how they cope with the said changes. Results found that having a good support system and developing healthy coping mechanisms assist in managing the negative situations that people with mood disorders experience. Through the persistence of being discriminated against, stigmatized, and facing difficulties because of the limitations that accompany the diagnosis. Additionally, maintaining wellness, such as regularly monitoring their medication and lifestyle, can assist in regulating the symptoms and episodes of people with mood disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the role of gratitude in managing uncertainty and its impact on psychological well-being. It explores how individuals use gratitude as a coping strategy during uncertain times and whether it alleviates anxiety, stress, and depression. Uncertainty is a major contributor to psychological disorders, and unpredictable events have been reported to increase stress. While gratitude has been shown to promote positive emotions and mental health, its ability to buffer the effects of uncertainty remains less explored. Using semi-structured interviews with 20 participants from Lahore, Pakistan, aged 18 to 65 years, this qualitative study examines how gratitude is practiced during uncertain periods. Thematic analysis revealed that gratitude enhances emotional resilience, fosters positive reframing, strengthens social bonds, and reduces anxiety and stress. Participants linked gratitude to a sense of control, purpose, and growth, with many expressing a greater appreciation for small joys. The study suggests integrating gratitude into mental health interventions, particularly for those facing uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compensatory consumption is a typical strategy used by consumers to alleviate feelings of self‐discrepancy. This phenomenon occurs in multiple contexts, and the related literature has experienced rapid and fragmented growth. This article presents a systematic review of 96 articles on compensatory consumption published in 42 journals over 26 years (from 1997 to 2023). Using the antecedents, decisions, and outcomes (ADO) model, we propose a framework that covers the entire compensatory consumption journey, linking an individual's types of discrepancy with the underlying mechanisms, coping strategies, and compensatory behaviors. We also explore the positive and negative outcomes of compensatory behaviors and the potential for the process to become a continuous compensation cycle. Our findings highlight four significant themes (antecedents, compensation strategies, outcomes, and methodologies) that need to be further investigated in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to pandemic, Philippine education system experienced shifts in learning modalities. Reimplementation of full inperson classes received varying views and attitudes from students. Anchored on Nora and Crisp's Mentoring Theory, which involves importance of psychological and academic support in student learning and development, this study evaluated learning attitudes of laboratory high school students in terms of their learning challenges and coping mechanisms. A combination of Husserl's descriptive phenomenology and Heidegger's interpretive phenomenology described and interpreted the lived experiences of 12 laboratory school learners from Central Luzon State University, Philippines by which data were gathered through semi-structured interview and analyzed following Collaizi's Method. Results revealed that students are generally favorable towards in-person classes, while some are reluctant due to adjustments they had to undergo. Moreover, as in-person classes were normalized, students were found to have difficulty meeting the demands of face-to-face classes and experienced exhaustion. As response, students developed adaptive and maladaptive coping mechanisms. Findings serve as guide for educational institutions to reform the current education system taking into account the learning attitudes of students in developing effective teaching approaches and strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive and irreversible disorder that not only affects patients but also has severe repercussions on the daily lives, social relationships, and mental health of caregivers. This qualitative study aimed to delve deeper into the daily challenges faced by caregivers, the coping mechanisms they employ, and the positive outcomes they may experience, focusing on caregivers in Richmond Hill, Ontario. Materials and Methods: A qualitative research approach was adopted, utilizing semi-structured interviews to collect data until theoretical saturation was achieved. A total of 26 participants were selected using purposive sampling method from Alzheimer Clinics of the Richmond Hill area, ensuring a representation of varied experiences. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis method and NVivo software was utilized to assist in the organization and analysis of the data. Results: Four main themes were identified: daily challenges, coping mechanisms, health impacts, and positive outcomes. Caregivers reported significant daily challenges, including time management difficulties, financial burdens, behavioral problems of the patients, and lack of social support. Coping strategies varied widely, encompassing both active and passive approaches, with some caregivers displaying significant psychological resilience and resourcefulness. Positive outcomes, such as personal growth and improved family relationships, were noted, despite the substantial burdens. Conclusion: Caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients endure considerable psychological and physical burdens. Nonetheless, the presence of effective coping strategies and social support significantly affected their ability to manage these challenges. Future interventions should focus on enhancing caregiver support systems and providing targeted education and resources to alleviate caregiver strain.

Context: Both personality and gender influence academic performance, coping skills, and resilience. Studying these factors together could help identify methods to improve academic achievement, coping mechanisms, and ego resilience. Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation of personality factors and gender with academic achievement, coping mechanisms, and ego resilience. Materials and Methods: Online forms were filled out by 112 interns in a government medical college. Sociodemographic details and academic scores were asked. Appropriate questionnaires for personality factors, coping mechanisms, and ego resilience were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 26. Results: Emotional stability had a statistically significant negative correlation with female gender, academic achievement, emotion focused, and avoidant coping. Openness to experiences and emotional stability showed a positive correlation with ego resilience. Gender did not show significant correlations with academics, coping, or resilience, although men were statistically more emotionally stable than women. Conclusion: Emotional stability having majority of the significant correlations may emphasize the relative importance of particular personality dimensions at different times across the lifespan. Males being more emotionally stable may indicate how they are using healthier coping styles and are more resilient compared to their female counterparts.

Abstract Background Amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, nursing students' contribution to combating this global health crisis is becoming more significant. However, we need a more comprehensive understanding of the psychological impact of this crisis on these students. Therefore, this study holds immense importance as it offers valuable insights into the connection between COVID-19 pandemic fear, coping strategies, and depressive symptoms among nursing students. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect and analyze data from 319 undergraduate nursing students. They participated in the study by responding to an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of the Fear of the Coronavirus Questionnaire, Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Results The study revealed that 45.5% of the participants had a severe fear of COVID-19, 21.9% showed severe depressive symptoms, and 64.6% used moderate coping mechanisms. A positive correlation (r = 0.160, p = 0.01) was found between the fear of COVID-19 and depressive symptoms. Interestingly, this correlation turned negative (r = -0.074, p = 0.01) when adaptive coping strategies such as religion, acceptance, planning, positive reframing, instrumental support, emotional support, active coping, and humor were used. However, when participants resorted to maladaptive coping strategies like venting, self-distraction, self-blame, behavioral disengagement, denial, and substance abuse, the correlation between high fear levels and depressive symptoms became positive (r = 0.352, p = 0.01). Conclusion The study demonstrated that the fear of COVID-19 and depressive symptoms among nursing students are significantly correlated. However, the nature of this correlation is influenced by the type of coping strategies employed. Adaptive coping mechanisms can mitigate the impact of fear on depressive symptoms. In contrast, maladaptive coping can exacerbate the relationship between fear and depressive symptoms. Therefore, promoting adaptive coping strategies could be a crucial approach to managing the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study is an attempt to explore war-related trauma, its stressful effects, and the coping strategies of Saudi schoolchildren. The authors hypothesized that children exposed to war-related trauma will show higher levels of PTSD, and that those with higher levels of PTSD symptoms use more maladaptive coping strategies. The study describes the correlation between traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as coping strategies. Five hundred twenty-seven intermediate and high school students, 12 to 18 years old, living in the conflict zone in southern Saudi Arabia completed three standardized self-reported scales: the War Zone Traumatic Events Checklist, the Child PTSD Symptom Scale, and the Children's Coping Strategies Checklist. Each participating student was randomly chosen. Analysis was based on two groups: the high-PTSD symptoms group (182 children) and the low-PTSD symptoms group (345 children). The study was conducted between September 2020 and April 2022 while the war was ongoing as part of an ongoing larger study. Children exposed to war-related traumatic events exhibited greater prevalence rates for PTSD. The children reported high levels of PTSD symptoms and applied a variety of coping strategies to manage related stress. Participants rarely reported that psychological or educational interventions had been used to manage the war-related traumatic experiences and PTSD or to improve related coping styles. The results are discussed in the context of mental health services needed for children in the conflict zone. To bridge the gap between health care services and the needs of children with PTSD, and for better understanding and interventions, health professionals are invited to develop a biopsychosocial model that identifies the risks of PTSD related to exposure to war-related traumatic events in school-aged children and, hence, provide a multidisciplinary intervention program that educates, encourages, and supports teachers and parents in following medical recommendations and goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism can play a significant role in the conservation of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) by financing the protection of their habitat, but few systematic studies have focused on the impacts of tourist presence on gorilla behavior. We assessed stress-coping mechanisms (Prosocial behaviors), behavioral indicators of stress (Self-scratching), and Human-directed behavior, in the presence and absence of tourist groups visiting one group of mountain gorillas living in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda. Generalized linear mixed models were used to analyse differences in gorilla behavior as a function of (a) presence vs. absence of tourists and (b) proximity to tourists (3 m). Contrary to guidelines, tourists spent 60% of their viewing time within 3 m of the gorillas, and 96% of the tourist groups had more than 8 people. During tourist visits, gorillas increased time spent in Prosocial behavior and in rates of Self-scratching and Human-directed behavior. When tourists approached gorillas within 3 m, Prosocial and Human-directed behavior increased while Feeding decreased, but only adult males increased Self-scratching rates. We conclude that tourists are influencing gorilla behavior. We recommend following and enforcing the IUCN guidelines by keeping a minimum 7 m distance when viewing gorillas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Student leaders assume leadership responsibilities in school, in various organizations, or in other settings. These leaders are essential to the development of the school community because they represent and secure the students' general welfare. However, due to responsibilities and pressure, their leadership and academic performance are impacted. The study unveils experiences of student leaders along with how it affects health and determines coping mechanisms to bounce back from leadership pressure. A purposive sampling is used on student leaders at Central Luzon State University, Philippines to identify three subjects for qualitative phenomenological study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed thematically. Results revealed that being a leader was somewhat a burden in terms of handling conflicting tasks, dealing with expectations that brought pressure in decision-making, and upholding quality of leadership and academic performance while maintaining quality of life. In spite of that, pressure was bearable through unique ways of coping with pressure like entertaining themselves or seeing products of their hard work. Educational institutions must look deeper into the wellness of student leaders as they are pillars contributing to harmony not just in school premises, but also in the mentality of constituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the complex relationships between university management strategies, student resilience, and their collective impact on student well-being and psychological distress in the setting of higher education. The aim of this study was to thoroughly examine how these factors interact and how their combined impact affects students' psychological distress and overall well-being. Determining the mediating and moderating roles of autonomy, parental involvement, and coping mechanisms in these connections was another goal of the research. A sample of 422 students from various higher education schools was randomly selected to participate using a quantitative approach. An online questionnaire was used to obtain data on latent constructs connected to the variables of interest. For data analysis, SmartPLS 4 software with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used. The study revealed significant relationships between university management strategies, student resilience, coping mechanisms, autonomy, and parental involvement, impacting student well-being and psychological distress. Coping mechanisms and autonomy played mediating roles, elucidating the mechanisms through which these relationships operated. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate dynamics impacting student well-being and psychological distress in higher education. It enriches the existing literature by shedding light on the mediating role of coping mechanisms, autonomy, and moderating roles of parental involvement in these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flood disasters profoundly impact school children in Kerala, particularly in Ernakulam, disrupting their lives, education, and emotional well-being. Despite the critical need for support, there is limited understanding of how these children cope with the psychosocial challenges posed by floods. This study aims to explore these coping mechanisms to inform effective mental health support and resilience-building programs in schools. Using a qualitative design with a case study approach, eight school children were purposively sampled. Data collection revealed four primary themes: regulating anxiety, the role of a multidisciplinary approach, the development of resilient behaviour, and rebuilding physical health. Regulating anxiety involves emotional regulation strategies, psychosocial support, and continuous mental health assessment, with family, peers, and professionals playing critical roles in providing support. A multidisciplinary approach, including integrated parental support, child-cantered methodologies, and capacity-building initiatives, is essential for effective adaptation, with educators, healthcare providers, and community leaders fostering a supportive environment. Resilient behaviour is exhibited through adaptability, a rebuilding spirit, and altruistic tendencies despite challenges, highlighting the need for targeted interventions for children showing post-traumatic behaviours. Rebuilding physical health addresses psychosomatic issues, general health challenges, and malnutrition, emphasizing the necessity of integrating physical health concerns with psychosocial interventions. Overall, the findings stress the importance of comprehensive, child-focused interventions that combine emotional, social, and physical health support to enhance the well-being of floodaffected children in Ernakulam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focused on the challenges and coping mechanisms of Non-Social Studies major teachers assigned to teach Araling Panlipunan in Bulacan, Philippines. This, therefore, makes the pressing call for comprehensive content knowledge, effective assessment strategies, collaborative approaches to teaching, and continuous professional development in order to fill the gap in expertise in teaching Philippine history, culture, and society. Key findings revealed that teachers belonging to the Non-Social Studies major often experience problems in their teaching brought about by insufficient subject-specific knowledge, which consequently affects their confidence and accuracy in content delivery. In this regard, it is proposed in the study a program on "Capacitating the Competence of the Non-Social Studies Major Teachers." This program seeks to enhance teaching competencies with focused interventions that equip teachers with necessary competencies and knowledge. These recommendations include a vertical professional learning community, teaching aids bank, and focused seminars and training programs. The study reinforces continuous learning and institutional support as ways to educational excellence and calls for future research into th impact of advanced degrees on teaching effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited research has examined coping mechanisms in response to chronic war‐related stressors, as opposed to war‐exposure trauma. The current study sought to investigate the types of losses experienced by communities affected by the Sri Lankan conflict, how participants responded to their losses, and what coping mechanisms they employed. Data consisted of interviews from two independent investigations conducted following the end of the conflict in Northern Sri Lanka (total N = 103). Interview transcripts were analyzed using a directed content analysis approach. Participants most frequently described experiencing material loss and loss of loved ones. Relatedly, participants commonly reported experiencing ambiguous loss, that is, living with the uncertainty of their loved one's death. These losses were particularly pronounced by gender, with women experiencing higher rates of loss. Common coping strategies included support‐seeking, including informal support from social networks and religion, and formal mental health services. Additionally, participants described a range of longer term coping strategies from establishing a future‐oriented cognitive style to a sense of helplessness and resignation. The findings shed light on how conflict‐affected groups cope with profound loss. We provide recommendations for how such findings can inform grief‐related clinical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curriculum reforms involve changing organisational structures, administration, resource distribution and allocation, communication links, stakeholders' practices, beliefs, and attitudes. They could devastate the consequences of teaching and learning to teachers as curriculum implementers. They could further affect teachers' cognitive stability and psychological and social well-being. This study explores the teachers' experiences in implementing curriculum reforms at the primary school level in Lesotho. An interpretive paradigm and appreciative inquiry framework guided this qualitative study. Thirteen teachers were selected purposively from three primary schools in Maseru. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions allow for the collection and interpretation of data. Their experiences with curriculum change and the coping mechanisms they utilised to survive the demands and challenges surfaced. The thematic findings highlighted how teachers' resistance to change, inadequate training, and increased workload pressured most participants. To survive the pressure, challenges, and demands of educational change, teachers highlighted the need to form subject panels and schemes, accessibility and the use of technology and the Internet, and support from school management and the Ministry of Education and Training. Educational change can positively and negatively affect teachers as curriculum implementers. Therefore, teachers need to improvise appropriate coping mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Experiences of Childhood Maltreatment (CM) relate to relapse and lower treatment success in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), one of the most prevalent substance use disorders. However, the exact mechanisms of this relationship still remain unclear. This study examines perceived stress and “drinking to cope with negative affect” (coping) as possible mediators in this relationship. Moreover, it aims at uncovering the differential effects of the subtypes of CM. Methods: N = 96 individuals (42% women; mean age 41 ± 13 years) including healthy controls and individuals with varying severity of AUD and CM completed the Alcohol-Dependence Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale and German Inventory of Drinking Situations. Mediation analyses including perceived stress as a mediator between CM (and subtypes) and severity of AUD, as well as a serial mediation of the relationship between CM and AUD severity by perceived stress and coping were conducted. Results: Perceived stress significantly mediated the relation between CM and AUD severity and the serial mediation by perceived stress and coping turned out significant. Subtype-specific analyses did not yield significant results. Conclusion: This study reinforces perceived stress as a potential mechanism in the relation between CM and AUD severity. Moreover, coping further mediated the relationship between CM and AUD severity. Our results suggest including screening for CM (subtypes) in clinical routine in order to individually emphasize interventions focusing on stress regulation, as well as on developing healthy coping mechanisms, in patients with AUD. This might prevent heightened stress sensitivity, relapse and further maintenance of AUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, nursing students' contribution to combating this global health crisis is becoming more significant. However, we need a more comprehensive understanding of the psychological impact of this crisis on these students. Therefore, this study holds immense importance as it offers valuable insights into the connection between COVID-19 pandemic fear, coping strategies, and depressive symptoms among nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect and analyze data from 319 undergraduate nursing students. They participated in the study by responding to an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of the Fear of the Coronavirus Questionnaire, Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Results: The study revealed that 45.5% of the participants had a severe fear of COVID-19, 21.9% showed severe depressive symptoms, and 64.6% used moderate coping mechanisms. A positive correlation (r = 0.160, p = 0.01) was found between the fear of COVID-19 and depressive symptoms. Interestingly, this correlation turned negative (r = -0.074, p = 0.01) when adaptive coping strategies such as religion, acceptance, planning, positive reframing, instrumental support, emotional support, active coping, and humor were used. However, when participants resorted to maladaptive coping strategies like venting, self-distraction, self-blame, behavioral disengagement, denial, and substance abuse, the correlation between high fear levels and depressive symptoms became positive (r = 0.352, p = 0.01). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the fear of COVID-19 and depressive symptoms among nursing students are significantly correlated. However, the nature of this correlation is influenced by the type of coping strategies employed. Adaptive coping mechanisms can mitigate the impact of fear on depressive symptoms. In contrast, maladaptive coping can exacerbate the relationship between fear and depressive symptoms. Therefore, promoting adaptive coping strategies could be a crucial approach to managing the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Communication by health professionals impacts the mental health of cancer patients. This research sought to further explore this matter by studying the possible relationships between communication and a patient's depression, anxiety, quality of life, coping strategies, and perception of their state of health. A total of 177 patients diagnosed with cancer answered a battery of questionnaires on these aspects. Our findings show that oncologists are better at delivering a cancer diagnosis than other healthcare professionals and that communication by them can impact patients' mental and health variables. We believe that there is a need to implement better communication strategies among all healthcare professionals to facilitate the task of breaking bad news to patients. This will have a positive impact on patients' emotional states and health while reducing stress and burnout among the healthcare professionals themselves. The field of healthcare is increasingly adopting a humanistic perspective in the physician–patient relationship. One of the more salient aspects being studied is the communication between the two. This study serves a dual purpose. Our initial aim was to study how a cancer diagnosis is disclosed to patients by different physicians (GPs/other specialists/oncologists). Secondly, we set out to study how the way in which oncologists normally communicate with their patients impacts variables such as a patient's anxiety, depression, coping mechanisms, and perception of both their health and their quality of life. A total of 177 patients answered a battery of questionnaires on sociodemographic and disease data: the SPIKES protocol, the EORTCQLQ-COMU26, and the ADAF screening questionnaire. The analyses recorded medium or high scores for some of the steps in the SPIKES protocol when delivering the diagnosis, and significant differences were observed for some of them among different physicians. The level of a cancer patient's satisfaction with the communication by oncologists was related to their levels of anxiety, depression, vulnerability, and perception of their health and quality of life. Better communication strategies are called for among all healthcare professionals to facilitate the task of breaking bad news to their patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study explores the impact of media representation on female athlete identity and self-perception. Methods and Materials: A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews to collect data. Twenty-four female athletes, aged 18 to 35, from various sports disciplines in Istanbul participated. The interviews, conducted in Turkish, lasted between 60 to 90 minutes and were transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was performed using NVivo software, allowing for the identification of key themes and subthemes related to media representation, identity construction, self-perception, and coping mechanisms. The study continued data collection until theoretical saturation was achieved. Findings: Thematic analysis revealed four main themes: media representation, identity construction, self-perception, and coping mechanisms. Participants reported stereotypical portrayals emphasizing physical appearance and emotional attributes over athletic skills. Media visibility was significantly lower for female athletes compared to their male counterparts, impacting their professional identity and opportunities. The internalization of stereotypes and media-driven body ideals affected their self-esteem and body image, contributing to performance anxiety and mental health challenges. Participants employed various coping mechanisms, including resilience building, support networks, media literacy, advocacy, and personal strategies, to manage the negative impacts of media representation. Conclusion: Media representation profoundly influences female athletes' identity and self-perception, often reinforcing stereotypes and cultural biases. Equitable media coverage focusing on athletic achievements and personal stories is crucial for fostering positive self-identity among female athletes. Practical steps, including media training, advocacy, and promoting media literacy, are essential to create a more inclusive and supportive media environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Food insecurity happens in both developing and developed countries. This paper addresses spatial and temporal patterns of food insecurity and its determinants factors. The study used explanatory and descriptive research methods. This data was originated from household survey of 229 respondents who were interviewed during March and April 2022. Households self-report result shows that 52 (22.7%) of the respondents were food secure and 177 (77.3%) were food insecure. Estimated household food insecurity access via household food insecurity access scale showed that 82.1% was uncertain on food supply whereas having preferences of the type of and insufficient feeds variety food was 86%, which means 14% of respondents’ feed sufficient variety and preferences food. The proportion of respondents’ foods that are not wanted and eating a limited variety of food was reported 83% this resulted due to inability to eat preferred food. In general, 77.33% of respondents were food insecure, which described based on food insecure scale 28.8% mildly, 25.1% moderately and 23.3% severely. Season of food in/security was identified corresponding food insecure season from mid of September to December 6 (3.2%), from beginning of January up to April 34(18.4%), and from first May to end of August 144 (78.3%) which shows food security is good during the harvesting season and declined its security level. The spatial trend of the food security problem was reviewed in different agro-ecology zone. 35% of mid highland and 65% of low land were reported as food insecure. Policy makers would strengthen the existing coping and adaptation strategies.

The editorial introduces the articles in this thematic issue, which provides a multifaceted analyses on how residents of vulnerable neighbourhoods cope with stressful circumstances and various crises. The aim is to understand daily survival at the neighbourhood level amid rapidly changing conditions. The articles present both quantitative and qualitative analyses that make detailed observations of agency, resilience, and community in diverse sociocultural contexts.

Abstract Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has manifestations of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects every facet of a child’s life, including one’s own emotions, family and school life, and social interaction. The few available studies on ADHD conducted in Ethiopia focus on teachers’ awareness and the prevalence of ADHD. None of these studies has taken into account parents of children who have ADHD. The present study, therefore, aimed to find out the challenges and coping mechanisms of parents who have children with ADHD. Methods A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted to explore the experiences of parents who have children with ADHD. The study was carried out in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. Fourteen parents and two healthcare providers were involved in the study. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique. In-depth interviews were conducted with parents of children with ADHD (n = 8) and healthcare providers (n = 2). One focus group discussion (FGD), consisting of six members, was also conducted with parents. A topic guide for conducting the interviews and FGD was developed. Interviews and the FGD were audio-recorded. The data were transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and then analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Results With regard to challenges of parents of children with ADHD, three themes emerged: social challenges, economic challenges and psychological challenges. Stigma is found to be the most common challenge. Other challenges included worry about the child’s future, lack of social support, strained relationships with others, impact on their job, and marital conflict. Concerning coping mechanisms, two themes emerged: Inward and outward means of coping. The inward means of coping included prayer and developing an optimistic mindset whereas the outward means were family support, healthcare providers’ guidance, and social avoidance. Conclusions The study found that parents of children with ADHD experience several aspects of psychological, social, and economic challenges. Support from healthcare professionals, family members, and the community at large is found to be useful for parents to cope with these challenges. Future research should focus on evaluating interventions that would help parents with ADHD cope with the challenges they experience.

Abstract Background The prevalence of depression in medical students was greater than in the general population. Knowing of predictive factors for depression among medical students is useful. The objectives of this study included the assessment of personality traits as well as the association between the personality traits and the presence of symptoms of depression, and suicidal ideation among medical students covering several regions of Thailand. Methods From April to July 2023, a cross-section study was conducted. The participants included first to sixth-year medical students studying at three Faculties of Medicine in Thailand; Prince of Songkla University; Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; and Chiang Mai University. Using the online process, the questionnaires were composed of three sections; demographic data; the International Personality Item Pool-NEO (IPIP-NEO), Thai version; and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Thai version. Demographics, personality traits, depression, and suicidal ideation were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results were presented as frequency, mean, and standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile range (IQR). The association between independent variables and the presence of depression was identified using binary logistic regression analysis, and the association with suicidal ideation was identified using ordinal logistic regression analysis. Results The 868 medical students participated in this study. Most of them were female (63.5%), Buddhist (82.0%), and first-year medical students (31.8%). The mean age (SD) was 20.8 (2.2) years, and the mean cumulative Grade Point Average (SD) was 3.5 (0.4). They reported the median (IQR) score of PHQ-9 as 6.0 (3.0–9.0), 238 participants (27.4%) presented with depression, and 138 (15.9%) participants reported suicidal ideation. According to the IPIP-NEO, participants with depression or suicidal ideation had higher Neuroticism scores and lower Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness scores compared to those without such issues. An increase in the Neuroticism score was linked to higher odds of depression, while an increase in the Conscientiousness score was associated with lower odds of depression. Suicidal ideation significantly increased with higher Neuroticism scores and the presence of a psychiatric illness. Conclusions More than a quarter of Thai medical students reported depression. A higher Neuroticism and lower Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness scores related to depression. Therefore, medical schools may benefit from knowing medical students’ personality traits, to identify coping mechanisms and predict those at a higher risk of developing depression in the future.

Aim Design Methods Results Conclusion Impact Patient or Public Contribution This study explores and understands community members' resilience in outpatient clinics, considering various dimensions and types of resilience.A cross‐sectional study.This study was conducted in Saudi outpatient clinics from September to December 2023 and included 384 individuals chosen through systematic random sampling. Various tools were used, such as Social Cohesion and Trust Scale, Community Resilience Assessment Tool, Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences, Environmental Resilience Assessment, Economic Resilience Index, Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, Resilience Scale for Adults and Healthcare Resilience Index.Participants displayed a robust overall resilience level, as indicated by Total Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale score of 63.0 ± 9.0. Additionally, they demonstrated commendable levels of resilience in Total Brief Resilience Scale (56.04 ± 8.6), Resilience Scale for Adults (82.5 ± 7.2) and Healthcare Resilience Index (45.8 ± 5.5). These findings offer significant insights into psychological and emotional well‐being of the study population, highlighting their adaptive capacities and coping mechanisms across various life domains.This study provides valuable insights into the multidimensional nature of resilience in outpatient settings. The cross‐sectional design sets the groundwork for future longitudinal investigations, highlighting the need for a holistic approach to understanding and promoting resilience.This study holds immediate implications for participants and their communities. It underscores the adaptive capacities and coping mechanisms prevalent in the outpatient population by revealing commendable resilience levels. This insight enhances individuals' psychological and emotional well‐being, contributing positively to the overall resilience and communal strength. Additionally, this study sheds light on how resilience among community members in Saudi Arabia relates to international advanced nursing communities, providing insight into their work.Patients who have received outpatient services in the past 6 months were purposively chosen to ensure a diverse representation across age, gender and socio‐economic backgrounds in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has manifestations of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects every facet of a child's life, including one's own emotions, family and school life, and social interaction. The few available studies on ADHD conducted in Ethiopia focus on teachers' awareness and the prevalence of ADHD. None of these studies has taken into account parents of children who have ADHD. The present study, therefore, aimed to find out the challenges and coping mechanisms of parents who have children with ADHD. Methods: A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted to explore the experiences of parents who have children with ADHD. The study was carried out in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. Fourteen parents and two healthcare providers were involved in the study. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique. In-depth interviews were conducted with parents of children with ADHD (n = 8) and healthcare providers (n = 2). One focus group discussion (FGD), consisting of six members, was also conducted with parents. A topic guide for conducting the interviews and FGD was developed. Interviews and the FGD were audio-recorded. The data were transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and then analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Results: With regard to challenges of parents of children with ADHD, three themes emerged: social challenges, economic challenges and psychological challenges. Stigma is found to be the most common challenge. Other challenges included worry about the child's future, lack of social support, strained relationships with others, impact on their job, and marital conflict. Concerning coping mechanisms, two themes emerged: Inward and outward means of coping. The inward means of coping included prayer and developing an optimistic mindset whereas the outward means were family support, healthcare providers' guidance, and social avoidance. Conclusions: The study found that parents of children with ADHD experience several aspects of psychological, social, and economic challenges. Support from healthcare professionals, family members, and the community at large is found to be useful for parents to cope with these challenges. Future research should focus on evaluating interventions that would help parents with ADHD cope with the challenges they experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectiveMethodResultsConclusionsFinancial exploitation of older adults results in devastating emotional, health, and economic consequences for victims, their families, and society at large. Examining reactions of Holocaust survivors to financial exploitation can provide informative insights into the effects of re-traumatization in highly traumatized older adults. This study examined the personal experiences and meaning that Holocaust survivors attribute to being victims of financial exploitation, thereby assessing an underexplored issue: the effects of financial exploitation on previously traumatized older adults.Fifteen Israeli Holocaust survivors (10 females; 5 males) aged 79–92 (M = 84.66), participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed according to the phenomenological approach.Analysis yielded four themes. Negative emotional reactions toward financial exploitation included feelings of anger, hurt, shock, and helplessness. Coping mechanisms included adaptive (i.e. acting for the benefit of the self and offspring, helping others, alertness, and caution), and maladaptive (i.e. self-blame and rationalization) mechanisms. Positive life motto relates to participants perceiving themselves as vital and optimistic, grateful, helping the weak, and content with little. Protective and risk factors included family and community protection (versus living alone without resources), education (versus lack of), and taking preventive measures.This study adds to the literature on the experience of revictimization among previously traumatized older adults, Holocaust survivors exposed to financial exploitation, by highlighting adaptive and maladaptive coping mechanisms alongside positive mottos in life, and victims’ perceptions of risk and protective factors. Overall, findings indicate that the participants were characterized by both resilience and vulnerability in the face of financial exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trait mindfulness is an inherent inclination to focus and sustain awareness in the here and now, devoid of immediate reactions or judgments. The relationship between Trait Mindfulness, Fear of Happiness, and Coping Mechanisms (Avoidant & Approach) among adults was studied using Purposive sampling (N=101). The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer et al., 2006); the Fear of Happiness Scale (Joshanloo, 2013); and the Brief Cope Scale (Carver, 1997) were used. The fear of happiness was significantly linked with trait mindfulness (r = 0.340, p < 0.01) and coping mechanisms (r = - 0.338, p < 0.01). Further analysis revealed that trait mindfulness significantly correlated with denial (r = -0.354, p < 0.01), substance use (r = -0.330, p < 0.01), selfblame (r = -0.390, p < 0.01), and self-distraction (r = -0.202, p < 0.05). Trait mindfulness significantly correlated with active coping (r = 0.260, p < 0.01), positive reframing (r = -0.248, p < 0.05), and planning (r = 0.211, p < 0.05). The fear of happiness significantly correlated with denial (r = 0.526, p < 0.01), venting (r = 0.315, p < 0.01), selfblame (r = 0.519, p < 0.01), substance use (r = 0.237, p < 0.05) and positive reframing (r = -0.277, p < 0.01). The quality of trait mindfulness fosters flexible coping strategies, facilitating greater acceptance and the ability to embrace moments of happiness. These findings contribute to the enhancement of mindfulness-based interventions, which play a pivotal role in fostering psychological well-being and fortitude when confronted with life's challenges and uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]