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Introduction: This study aimed to identify and analyze the factors affecting themarketing of sports equipment manufacturing companies in social networks. Methods This study was a mixed-methods research with a sequential explanatory design. The participants of this research consisted of 18 experts who were selected using snowball sampling method. The content analysis method proposed by King et al. (2018) was used to identify the influential factors, and the Dematel technique was used for internal analysis. In the qualitative section, research auditing strategies such as researcher sensitivity, methodological coherence, sample adequacy, simultaneous data collection and analysis, and theoretical thinking were used. In the quantitative study, for validation purposes, formal and content validity were confirmed by 8 marketing experts in the sports field, and questionnaire reliability was obtained through Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.896. Results: The qualitative study identified 77 sub-themes and 16 main themes affecting the marketing of sports equipment manufacturing companies in social networks. In a quantitative analysis, it was determined that the themes of hard threat, soft threat, and the expansion of social networks have the greatest effect on the mentioned marketing, and contrast to the themes of legislation, value creation, and determining content production strategy, respectively, they have the least effect on marketing. It was also found that the themes of determining content production strategies, tactics and policy, and the platform have the highest effectiveness. And the theme of determining tactics and approaches has the most interaction with other relevant themes. Finally, the variables of severe threat, soft threat, expanding the influence of social networks, the growth of the digital environment, customer recognition and financing are causal themes, and other themes are invalid variables. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the factors influencing the marketing of sports equipment manufacturing companies on social media platforms are diverse. Among them, these companies should pay special attention to the most influential threats, both hard and soft, and plan to address these threats and leverage available opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complementary use and transfer of empirical and scientific knowledge are essential for the holistic and sustainable management of fishing resources. To understand how both types of knowledge are transferred in fishing communities in three regions of Mexico, we conducted 120 in-depth interviews with young people, adults, and older adults who participated in various activities within fishing value networks. During the interviews, we identified who participated in transferring knowledge within communities, what lessons were passed on, what knowledge has been lost, and what scientific topics are known within the communities. We also investigated the sector's most used means of communication to further explore the transfer of scientific and technical knowledge and the fundamental roles of external actors in transferring knowledge within communities. The information was coded, categorized, and analyzed for each question. The interviewees valued the continuity of inheriting traditional knowledge, which included teaching practical skills, such as fishing techniques and navigation, and transmitting values, traditions, and ways of understanding and relating to the marine environment. The interviewees perceived knowledge transfer as a bidirectional exchange of knowledge, ideas, and practices among generations. Furthermore, they recognized the value of external actors with scientific and technical knowledge in promoting innovation and adapting to new challenges. The combination of knowledge and perspectives enriches fisheries management and marine environmental conservation. Promoting the transfer of traditional and scientific knowledge is fundamental to building a future where fishing and marine life coexist in harmony and prosperity. The responsibility of supporting this integration falls on fishing communities and external actors. Working together in this collaborative learning process is the key to achieving sustainable resource management and ensuring the continuity of this valuable tradition for future generations. In doing so, these communities' cultural and ecological richness can be preserved, ensuring a lasting balance between people and the sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complementary use and transfer of empirical and scientific knowledge are essential for the holistic and sustainable management of fishing resources. To understand how both types of knowledge are transferred in fishing communities in three regions of Mexico, we conducted 120 in-depth interviews with young people, adults, and older adults who participated in various activities within fishing value networks. During the interviews, we identified who participated in transferring knowledge within communities, what lessons were passed on, what knowledge has been lost, and what scientific topics are known within the communities. We also investigated the sector's most used means of communication to further explore the transfer of scientific and technical knowledge and the fundamental roles of external actors in transferring knowledge within communities. The information was coded, categorized, and analyzed for each question. The interviewees valued the continuity of inheriting traditional knowledge, which included teaching practical skills, such as fishing techniques and navigation, and transmitting values, traditions, and ways of understanding and relating to the marine environment. The interviewees perceived knowledge transfer as a bidirectional exchange of knowledge, ideas, and practices among generations. Furthermore, they recognized the value of external actors with scientific and technical knowledge in promoting innovation and adapting to new challenges. The combination of knowledge and perspectives enriches fisheries management and marine environmental conservation. Promoting the transfer of traditional and scientific knowledge is fundamental to building a future where fishing and marine life coexist in harmony and prosperity. The responsibility of supporting this integration falls on fishing communities and external actors. Working together in this collaborative learning process is the key to achieving sustainable resource management and ensuring the continuity of this valuable tradition for future generations. In doing so, these communities' cultural and ecological richness can be preserved, ensuring a lasting balance between people and the sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political parties address the public through multiple communication channels simultaneously, but this is not reflected in contemporary research. It is largely unclear how party competition plays out across different communication channels and whether issue salience strategies depend on the channel used. In order to answer this question, this article trains a state-of-the-art language model (BERT) on labelled manifestos and applies it for cross-domain topic classification of press releases, parliamentary speeches and tweets from parties and individual party members in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The results show that certain channel characteristics influence parties' issue salience. The extent to which a party addresses its issue preferences (ideal agenda) is moderated by the degree of centralised communication (party vs. individuals) and the presence or absence of a pre-given agenda, whereas a channel's primary audience (direct vs. mediated channel) plays a much smaller role than expected. These findings illustrate the complexity of party competition in contemporary multi-channel and hybrid media environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of librarian expertise and responsiveness on virtual reference service (VRS) quality, focusing on the mediating role of communication channels. Data were gathered via Google Forms survey involving 161 university librarians in Indonesia and analyzed through structural equation modeling using Lisrel 8.8 to assess validity, reliability, and relationships between variables. Results indicate that librarian expertise and responsiveness significantly contribute to the overall quality of VRS. Furthermore, communication channels were found to play a crucial role in enhancing the influence of librarian expertise and responsiveness on service quality. These findings suggest the importance of effective communication strategies in shaping user experiences within VRS platforms. The study offers valuable insights into the dynamics of VRS and underlines the significance of communication channels as mediators between librarian actions and service quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) represents a pivotal approach in contemporary business, emphasising the coordination and integration of various communication tools to achieve a coherent and consistent message. This research investigates how Croatian companies have integrated IMC into their marketing strategies within the Croatian business environment. The findings indicate a growing trend of adopting this integrated approach, with a primary focus on consistency, personalisation and effectiveness of IMC activities. A synergy between marketing communication channels and an emphasis on adaptable, innovative IMC strategies has been recognised. However, challenges such as inter-departmental coordination within companies and optimisation of IMC strategies are pointed out as areas that require further attention. Despite these challenges, Croatian companies recognise the importance and potential of IMC as a strategic tool to enhance their market visibility and competitive advantage. Considering the dynamism of the market environment, continuous innovation, education, and adaptation are crucial for achieving the long-term success of IMC strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with modern technologies and devices of the Internet of Things, features of providing their cybersecurity, current risks and the latest and effective approaches to high-level cyber defense in the architecture of the Internet of things. The problems of cyber threats in modern internet devices are diverse and generate a significant problem on the path of further promotion of IoT technologies. These are various and complex information risks of cybersecurity for processing and transmission processes in the IoT structures and devices that use different technologies of intervention in the main functionality. As the IoT devices and systems use the Internet and interfaces of the Internet, as well as wireless radio interfaces in combination with mobile operating systems based on high -yielding ARM processors, the risks of IoT cybersecurity are growing significantly and put in question the long - term stable functioning of IoT systems. Sometimes these risks of cybersecurity create a significant problem for information data in IoT systems, and significantly slow down their promotion in a number of industries. Therefore, this problem must be resolved. The work has evaluated and analyzed the problems of cybersecurity in the IoT, the existing approaches are considered and new effective practical provisions and approaches to ensure high cyber defense systems and Internet devices are suggested. The aspects have been considered and the analysis of the problems of cybersecurity of the Internet of things using approaches and methods of the improved protection of data transmission in systems and channels of the Internet of things that are connected to modern Internet information network is carried out. Approaches to more protected data transmission in IoTs, based on a comprehensive combination of known technologies with a combination of their aggregate use and symbiosis with other technologies, are proposed. This enables to enhance cybersecurity and reduce the risks of cyber threats in IoT systems that occur and also takes place in other modern information systems that are often connected and guided via the Internet. These approaches and principles allow to increase the reliability and overall protection of data transmission to IoT, evaluate the main factors of the impact of information threats and to reduce the consequences of their implementation. The prospects for the development of these approaches and methods in complex IoT data exchange systems are considered. The advantages of the method and approaches of cyber defense while the transmission of data to IoT and protected cryptographic processing and transmission of information in the devices and information systems of the Internet of things are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces a comprehensive Mode-S radar simulation, designed to evaluate interrogation and reply signal functionality in various uplink formats (UFs) and downlink formats (DFs). Mode-S radar, crucial in modern aviation, facilitates communication between aircraft and ground systems, thereby enhancing aircraft tracking, situational awareness, and air traffic safety. Our simulation focuses on optimizing interrogation and reply sequences in the 1030- and 1090-MHz channels, respectively. It provides a practical solution for testing complex air flight scenarios, which may be impractical or costly in real life, by replicating challenging conditions in a computerized environment. This approach aids in developing advanced radar signaling algorithms for air traffic control. The simulator’s user-friendly interface displays real-time aircraft data, demonstrating its realworld applicability. Its successful operation underscores its potential to advance Mode-S radar technology and its value for research in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complementary use and transfer of empirical and scientific knowledge are essential for the holistic and sustainable management of fishing resources. To understand how both types of knowledge are transferred in fishing communities in three regions of Mexico, we conducted 120 in-depth interviews with young people, adults, and older adults who participated in various activities within fishing value networks. During the interviews, we identified who participated in transferring knowledge within communities, what lessons were passed on, what knowledge has been lost, and what scientific topics are known within the communities. We also investigated the sector’s most used means of communication to further explore the transfer of scientific and technical knowledge and the fundamental roles of external actors in transferring knowledge within communities. The information was coded, categorized, and analyzed for each question. The interviewees valued the continuity of inheriting traditional knowledge, which included teaching practical skills, such as fishing techniques and navigation, and transmitting values, traditions, and ways of understanding and relating to the marine environment. The interviewees perceived knowledge transfer as a bidirectional exchange of knowledge, ideas, and practices among generations. Furthermore, they recognized the value of external actors with scientific and technical knowledge in promoting innovation and adapting to new challenges. The combination of knowledge and perspectives enriches fisheries management and marine environmental conservation. Promoting the transfer of traditional and scientific knowledge is fundamental to building a future where fishing and marine life coexist in harmony and prosperity. The responsibility of supporting this integration falls on fishing communities and external actors. Working together in this collaborative learning process is the key to achieving sustainable resource management and ensuring the continuity of this valuable tradition for future generations. In doing so, these communities’ cultural and ecological richness can be preserved, ensuring a lasting balance between people and the sea.

Tourists' expectations related to urban tourist destinations, which often derive from wider concept of destinations' images, encompass a wide range of needs, desires and anticipations that tourists develop prior to visiting a particular destination. They are formed under the influence of different factors, one of which is traditional and digital communication channels. The objective of this research is to determine whether different communication channels and multimedia formats, used by tourists in the pre-travelling phase, could shape their expectations related to tangible and intangible characteristics of urban tourist destinations. The data gathering was conducted by applying Computer-Aided Web Interviewing (CAWI) on a representative sample of 312 adult citizens residing in Belgrade, the capital of the Republic of Serbia. The findings indicate that both traditional and digital communication channels, alongside personal recommendations used prior to the trip, significantly contribute to shaping respondents' expectations concerning tangible characteristics of urban tourist destinations. Digital communication channels and personal recommendations appeared to be more important in shaping expectations related to the intangible characteristics of urban tourist destinations. Also, different formats of online media content exhibited positive associations with expectations concerning the tangible and intangible characteristics of urban tourist destinations. The obtained results provide recommendations for tourist organizations and local government entities, valuable for developing effective communication strategies for targeting potential tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Gestão & Tecnologia is the property of Revista Gestao & Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The success rate of a neural network (NN) classifier (rectified linear unit, 10 layers, softmax output layer activation)-based demodulator was proposed and evaluated for phase-shift keying (PSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulated signals corrupted by additive white Gaussian, chisquared, uniform, and Rayleigh noise channels with signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) ranging from −20 dB to +20 dB. Low SNR are common in spectrum sensing, cognitive radio networks, underwater acoustics, target detection, remote sensing, seismic monitoring, and helicopter blade detection. This classifier-demodulator performance was compared with that of the matched filter detector (MFD) for varying channel noise, constellation type (PSK or QAM), constellation size (M=2, 4, 8, 16), sample size (N), and training to test the data ratio. The classifier demodulator had a performance equal to or better than MFD in 98% of the scenarios. A training-to-test ratio of 70:30 or 80:20 is appropriate. The classifier performances of M-PSK and M-QAM are comparable. The superior performance of the NN classifier is more pronounced for M values greater than 2. N=5000 or higher is sufficient for most scenarios, and N=20000 is necessary for M=16. A higher success rate was obtained for additive chisquare and Rayleigh noise channels. The proposed demodulator performed significantly better than the matched filter for SNR values $\le0$ dB. 16-QAM over an additive uniform noise channel has a better success rate for an SNR of 0 dB or less, whereas 16-QAM over an additive Rayleigh noise channel has a better success rate for an SNR of 5 dB or higher.

The aim of the report is to present a study of the power of impact of various management skills to build successful business communication. The methodology used integrates traditional management skills and new researched approaches and techniques for applying rational and successful communications. The manager is the person who organizes, manages and motivates employees for the strategic development of the organization. He must possess the necessary skills to effectively cope with the challenge of leading people. In order to perform specific management activities, managers acquire managerial skills, knowledge and competences that enable them to organize an effective business process. Effective managers skillfully perform the responsible roles in the management process - planning, organizing, recruitment, management, coordination, financial management and control. Of all the skills needed by the manager, the most important and perhaps the most difficult to implement and improve is building successful communication. That is why it is the subject of continuous research and analysis of the most rational approaches and mechanisms for its implementation. Building these skills helps managers to lead team members, to work successfully in cooperation and partnership with the entire staff of the organization, to develop upward management careers. Interpersonal skills are the most important ingredient that helps build successful communication in the organization. The report examines and analyzes precisely the importance of social interactions, of the search for those interpersonal skills that need to be constantly cultivated and improved. Of course, managers need to know how to successfully engage team members, build good relationships with superiors and colleagues, because this can be equal to their success or their failure. Good knowledge of the manager in the field of communications is the key to creating an effective communication environment and successful management of the organization. This means that he must have negotiation skills, conflict resolution skills and creating a positive work environment, skills to clearly set goals for the team and organization, knowledge of personal expertise and characteristics of team members. People's understanding skills allow the manager to convey the messages of the organization's leaders to each team member and make sure that team members understand the organization's strategy and goals. An effective manager is able to convey information, influence the beliefs of people in the team and motivate them for highly effective work. These skills allow him to continuously improve communication through the use of various channels and techniques, facilitate dialogue and present persuasive communication. Leadership skills are at the cutting edge of communication skills. Highly effective managers are expected to demonstrate leadership qualities, and since communication is an integral part of this, the best managers possess extremely strong skills for interpersonal communication and the development of human relationships in the collective. The main conclusion in the report is that the continuous improvement of management skills to build and implement effective communication is the stake to achieve goals in business organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The partial information decomposition (PID) framework is concerned with decomposing the information that a set of (two or more) random variables (the sources) has about another variable (the target) into three types of information: unique, redundant, and synergistic. Classical information theory alone does not provide a unique way to decompose information in this manner and additional assumptions have to be made. One often overlooked way to achieve this decomposition is using a so-called measure of union information—which quantifies the information that is present in at least one of the sources—from which a synergy measure stems. In this paper, we introduce a new measure of union information based on adopting a communication channel perspective, compare it with existing measures, and study some of its properties. We also include a comprehensive critical review of characterizations of union information and synergy measures that have been proposed in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attention-based view (ABV) offers a foundational perspective on strategy and organizing. Despite its significance, questions persist about the relationship between organizational attention and strategic organization. Inspired by the evolving literature on organizational attention, its determinants, and consequences, this special issue aims to advance theory and research in the ABV realm. It includes eight articles—three empirical and five theoretical—spanning a diverse range of topics. Emerging themes include a shift from viewing attention as individual cognition toward attentional engagement through interactions and social relations within organizations, the temporal and dynamic nature of attention, and an explicit recognition that ABV is not about a fixed quantity of attention but what shapes strategic organizational behavior and adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have recently emphasized a need to advance the attention-based view to account for a new "post-Chandlerian" environment wherein firms organized along Chandlerian m-form lines are increasingly unable to cope with rapid and discontinuous changes and strategic issues that can emerge anywhere in the organization. This article works to make such an advance by drawing on the underdeveloped idea of attentional control—that is direction of members' attention—within the attention-based view. The article develops the concept of attentional control systems and, as its core contribution, proposes that firms can use issue-specific emergent attentional control systems to address emergent strategic issues that are characteristic of post-Chandlerian environments. Key components of these systems include emergent, issue-specific communication channels, reconfigured roles, and interactive control practices. These three interrelated attentional control mechanisms enable attentional dynamism and high-quality attention to be directed toward emergent strategic issues, thus mediating effective strategic decision-making as well as resource commitment and ultimately enhancing strategic adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to experimentally examine stakeholder punishments in response to poor CSR performance communicated through either internal or external channels. Across two experiments, we find that receiving negative CSR information communicated through internal channels (CSR reports) or external channels (news articles) causes individuals to punish a firm (less investment, lower employment interest, buy less, post negative comments on social media). Furthermore, we find sensitivity to a conflict of information from internal and external channels, which increased Calls to Action on social media. This is a concern for firms because such social media posts can elicit further punishments from stakeholders and inflict reputational costs on the firm. The findings of our studies suggest that firms should accurately report CSR performance, especially if external channels are likely to communicate negative CSR information regarding the firm because such conflicting information can elicit a strong online backlash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study delves into the impact of Bangladeshi organizational culture on internal communication practices. Through semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and content analysis, the research explores various aspects of communication channels, cultural norms, challenges, and opportunities within Bangladeshi organizations. The findings highlight the dominance of hierarchical communication structures, collectivist cultural norms, and high-context communication styles. Formal channels like meetings and emails are prevalent, alongside significant informal channels such as face-to-face interactions and gossip. However, the study identifies challenges, including language barriers and limited employee participation, which hinder effective communication. Despite these challenges, the study uncovers opportunities for enhancing communication effectiveness through digital technologies and leveraging cultural strengths. Practical implications emphasize the importance of tailored communication strategies to address cultural nuances and promote inclusivity and collaboration within organizations. Social implications underscore the role of effective internal communication in fostering positive workplace cultures and enhancing employee satisfaction and engagement. The study's originality lies in its focus on the underexplored intersection of organizational culture and internal communication within the Bangladeshi context. However, it is not without limitations, notably its qualitative nature and sample size, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Future research could adopt mixed-methods approaches and explore larger, more diverse samples to enhance the validity and reliability of the findings. This study contributes to our understanding of the complex relationship between organizational culture and internal communication practices in Bangladesh. By shedding light on the cultural nuances, challenges, and opportunities associated with internal communication, the research offers valuable insights for organizational leaders and communication practitioners seeking to improve communication effectiveness in diverse cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The COVID 19 pandemic brought direct consequences to health institutions. The strategies implemented to face the health crisis were concentrated on two fronts. On the one hand, it was necessary to cover the care of critical patients, and on the other, to create internal communication strategies. Objectives: To know the perception of the staff of the Hospital Clínico Félix Bulnes located in Cerro Navia (Chile) on the actions implemented in internal communication between March 2020 and September 2022. Methodology: A Likert survey and a focus group were carried out with 40 officials from the Félix Bulnes hospital, located in Cerro Navia (Chile), from different levels and roles who participated voluntarily. Results: The strategies implemented from internal communication are positively perceived by officials, however, there are a number of opportunities to develop and enhance digital channels of interaction and new methodologies that integrate communicational participation in a transversal way. Conclusion: There is a preference for the use of digital interaction channels by hospital officials, and reveal the importance and central role played by internal communication for the development of organizational culture and transversal communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes a massive cryptographic scheme that can safeguard IoT communication paths. A combination of algorithms makes the technique operate. Communication security is handled differently by each algorithm. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), SHA-256 Secure Data Hashing, HMAC Message Authentication, and Merkle Tree Structures Decryption and Verification are used. Ablation is used to determine how each strategy increases security. The paper emphasizes that the algorithms function effectively together, demonstrating their importance for cyberdefense and surveillance. The recommended strategy is evaluated and found to operate better across key parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper first explores the mechanism of marathon information culture dissemination by first calculating the time required for each layer of receivers to obtain the information and further obtaining the upper bound of the time required for the information to travel throughout the dissemination. The maximum allowable number of transmissions is obtained according to the protocol, and the lower bound of the propagation time is further obtained to find the time range of information propagation. Then, the structure of marathon sports culture is studied, and the marathon sports culture is divided into surface, middle and bottom layers, and the marathon spirit is discussed in depth. Finally, the communication effect of marathon sports culture under new media is analyzed in terms of the ways of communication and the comparison of new media and traditional media content. In the comparison between new media and traditional media, for the content of sports material culture in terms of sports architecture or sports sculpture and sports logo or clothing introduction, traditional media accounted for 11.9% and 9.8%, while new media were 3% and 4% more than traditional media. Among the topics and effects, the top three average reads were the topics of event information, registration and recruitment and brand promotion, with 490,963, 91,563 and 773,243 reads, respectively. The rise of new media has promoted the spread and development of marathon sports culture.

To provide secure information exchange in communication channels, the correctness of the operation of the relevant information protection systems must be preliminary studied. The mathematical algorithms used in such systems are correct and can theoretically provide the correct statistical properties of the output stream compared to the input. However, at the stage of implementation (programming) of these protection algorithms or at the stages of assembling the final equipment (using hardware, making adjustments) and its operation in real conditions, it is possible to introduce distortions that violate the operation of certain elements of information security tools (for example, a random number generator). As a result, by the nature of the transmitted signal, it becomes possible to determine that the output stream for a number of characteristics is steadily different from the ideal encrypted stream, which in theory should have come from the equipment and appeared at the output of the communication channel. In this situation, it is necessary to understand how the introduction of certain distortions affects the degree of security of the system being created. For this purpose, the parameters of various message sources are described, which simulate receiving an output stream with distortions. At the same time, the degree of security of the corresponding communication channel is proposed to be determined by estimating the proportion of the input stream that can be restored from the output using side information resulting from the introduction of appropriate distortions in the operation of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about food is available from several sources using a variety of communication channels. Following an overview of the different types on food information, the most important source/channel combinations are discussed. The key steps in processing the information toward making a food choice are discussed: consumer's exposure to such information, the attention the consumer pays to it, the understanding and/or liking of the information, as well as the importance of motivation, knowledge, and trust. To support consumers in making informed food choices, it is recommended to ensure that food information is easy to understand and targeted to consumers with a specific need or interest, align the information on the food label with the communication about the food elsewhere ("off label"), provide (non-expert) influencers with transparent information to enable an increase in the trustworthiness of their communications on the web in on social media. Furthermore, increase cooperation between authorities and food producers to create standards that fulfill the legal requirements and are feasible as label elements. Improving food literacy among consumers by including it in formal education would provide consumers with better nutrition knowledge and skills to interpret food-related information in a manner that supports informed choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Which communication channels should be prioritized to make populations aware of local volcanic risks? In the internet age, is it still necessary to privilege the classic channels (radio, television, posters), or are the new communication channels (websites, social media) sufficient? Using an interview-based survey of a population in Peru (n = 76) who have been the object of several volcanic risk communication campaigns using posters, websites, social media and traditional media, we compare the recall (memorization) and perception of these previous campaigns. Two main empirical results emerge from the interviews: 1) Web- sites are proving to be particularly effective communication channels in this context, in stark contrast to the low impact of the printed press; 2) We find that the the same communication campaigns are perceived differently by residents depending on the neighborhood in which they live. This second empirical result advocates for a much more territory-based and localized strategy, where the district by district socio-cultural and geological environment form the foundations for communication strategies.

This study examined the relationship between exposure to gender-responsive agricultural communication channels and sweet potato knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs). Our data, collected from men and women farmers in 300 households, showed that a higher proportion of farmers applied good agricultural practices after participating in a demonstration (and also seeing a video or otherwise). The ratio of men and women farmers who used sand storage and sprouting technology was lowest among unexposed farmers and highest among farmers exposed to both video and demonstration. Our findings suggest that multi-channel communication is more effective in influencing the KAPs of farmers than individual channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ever since its inception, cryptography has been caught in a vicious circle: Cryptographers keep inventing methods to hide information, and cryptanalysts break them, prompting cryptographers to invent even more sophisticated encryption schemes, and so on. But could it be that quantum information technology breaks this circle? At first sight, it looks as if it just lifts the competition between cryptographers and cryptanalysts to the next level. Indeed, quantum computers will render most of today's public key cryptosystems insecure. Nonetheless, there are good reasons to believe that cryptographers will ultimately prevail over cryptanalysts. Quantum cryptography allows us to build communication schemes whose secrecy relies only on the laws of physics and some minimum assumptions about the cryptographic hardware--leaving basically no room for an attack. While we are not yet there, this paper provides an overview of the principles and state-of-the-art of quantum cryptography, as well as an assessment of current challenges and prospects for overcoming them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with schizophrenia reportedly demonstrate deficits in emotion perception. Relevant studies on the effects of decoder's sex, communication channels and emotion categories have produced mixed findings and seldom explored the interactions among these three key factors. The present pilot study examined how male and female individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls perceived emotional (e.g., angry, happy, and sad) and neutral expressions from verbal semantic and nonverbal prosodic and facial channels. Twenty-eight (11 females) individuals with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls (13 females) were asked to recognize emotional facial expressions, emotional prosody, and emotional semantics. Both accuracy and response time showed subpar performance for all communication channels and emotional categories in the schizophrenia group. More severe emotion perception deficits were found with the nonverbal (not the verbal) materials. There was also a reduced level of impairment with anger perception, especially in the female individuals with schizophrenia while biased perception towards emotional semantics was more pronounced in male individuals with schizophrenia. These findings, although preliminary, indicate the channel- and category-specific nature of emotion perception with potential sex differences among people with schizophrenia, which has important theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recently, there has been a shift in strategic goals relating to water management in Australia, from water development to protecting and restoring environmental assets. Thus, there is a need to develop knowledge that accounts for the new realities of developing an effective communication channel with irrigators. Combining insights from two communication theories: the hierarchy of effects model, AIDA, and the diffusion of innovation (DOI) model, this article explores developing effective communication techniques (e.g., format, style, content, and source) and tools for Australian irrigators regarding adopting new sustainable technology—a modern self-cleaning fish screen. This study investigates irrigators' communication preferences and innovation processes to understand to sketch foundational strategies for improving communication schemes. Methods: Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Twenty-three irrigators in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia's primary food bowl, participated in the study. Constructivist grounded theory (CGT) was used to design and analyse the data. Results: The study explored the communications preferences of Australian irrigators and revealed insights into their preferred format, style, content, and source and how information is gathered and evaluated in the decision-making process. The results confirmed that the information must come from trusted sources, be grounded in research, provide hands-on observations/experiences, and focus on benefits for irrigators (i.e., improving irrigation efficiency) to be impactful. Broadly, this study contributes to the discussion of policy formulation, enhancing technology adoption in a broader setting and designing efficient and effective systems for engaging with Australian irrigators. Conclusions: To increase the likelihood of adopting fish screens, it is essential to implement targeted education and information programs and communications in appropriate formats with relevant content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Law & International Relations / Relações Internacionais no Mundo is the property of Relacoes Internacionais no Mundo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The partial information decomposition (PID) framework is concerned with decomposing the information that a set of (two or more) random variables (the sources) has about another variable (the target) into three types of information: unique, redundant, and synergistic. Classical information theory alone does not provide a unique way to decompose information in this manner and additional assumptions have to be made. One often overlooked way to achieve this decomposition is using a so-called measure of union information—which quantifies the information that is present in at least one of the sources—from which a synergy measure stems. In this paper, we introduce a new measure of union information based on adopting a communication channel perspective, compare it with existing measures, and study some of its properties. We also include a comprehensive critical review of characterizations of union information and synergy measures that have been proposed in the literature.

This paper describes two blind algorithms for multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system equalization. In order to identify, blindly, the impulse response of two practical selective frequency fading channels called broadband radio access network (BRAN A and BRAN E) normalized for MC-CDMA systems, we have used higher order cumulants (HOC) to build our algorithms. For that, we have focussed on the experimental channels to develop our blind algorithms able to simulate the measured data with high accuracy. The simulation results in noisy environment and for different signal to noise ratio (SNR) demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are able to estimate the impulse response of these channels blindly (i.e., without any information about the input), except that the input excitation is i.i.d. (identically and independent distributed) and non-Gaussian. In the part of MC-CDMA, we use the zero forcing and the minimum mean square error equalizers to perform our algorithms. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

The goal of this research was to investigate the communication channels that enhance data sharing among agriculture researchers in Tanzania. Specifically, the study aimed to identify communication channels that are used by agricultural researchers in Tanzania, examine the extent to which such channels were used to enhance data sharing among agricultural researchers, and examine the factors that influence the choices of channels used in data sharing. A descriptive cross-sectional design, alongside quantitative, and qualitative approaches, was employed to collect data from 204 respondents. The Concentric Layered Model for the channel choices was used to guide this study. Results indicate that both mediated, and non-mediated channels existed and were used as data-sharing avenues and channels. The majority of the researchers (77.9%) preferred to use non-mediated channels. Also, the findings indicate that more than 50% of respondents agreed that timely delivery, the cost of the channel, and convenience of a channel were among the factors influencing researchers in their channel selection. It can be concluded therefore that research institutions should invest in mediated channels that have been underutilized to strengthen data-sharing practices among researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]