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This research aims to present additional knowledge about individuals with a history of sexual offenses against children in Portugal. Although the international literature mentions the presence of cognitive distortions as a common element for child sexual offending, it is known that another cognitive pathway developed since childhood and adolescence will have a significant weight in the definition of disruptive sexual behaviors. In this article, we focused on sexual attitudes and sex as a strategy for sexual coping and assayed to appreciate the relevance of these variables as predictors of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA). This research mainly aims to analyze a hierarchical and predictive model of these variables and cognitive distortion in the CSA. With resources to Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), we conclude that these variables, when associated, have a predictive accuracy of 82.3% in a sample that included individuals with a history of sexual offenses against children (N = 59) and the general community (N = 82). New future approaches can benefit from integrating coping strategies and sexual attitudes into CSA, adapted to the Portuguese context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between cognitive distortions and optimism level with fear of happiness. While collecting the research data, a link containing the scale format was created via Google Forms and data were collected by ensuring that the participants of the study transmit the link to other people through various social media channels. The study was conducted with 278 people, 140 women and 138 men. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Optimism Scale, Cognitive Distortions (Types of Thinking) Scale and Fear of Happiness Scale. The data obtained were evaluated using descriptive statistics, independent t test and regression analysis. As a result of the analysis, no significant relationship was found between gender and marital status and fear of happiness. Study revealed that there is a positive relationship between "catastrophizing", one of the thinking types, and fear of happiness. Additionally, our study found that there was a significant negative relationship between fear of happiness and optimism level. The result of the study offer some important implications for identifying and examining potential variables in future research on fear of happiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotions are dynamic processes; their variability relates to psychological well-being and psychopathology. Affective alterations have been linked to mental diseases like depression, although little is known about how similar patterns occur in healthy individuals. This study investigates the psychophysiological correlations of emotional processing in healthy subjects, specifically exploring the relationship between depressive traits, cognitive distortions, and facial electromyographic (f-EMG) responses during affective transitions. A cohort of 44 healthy participants underwent f-EMG recording while viewing emotional images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Self-report measures included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Cognitive Distortion Scale (CDS). Higher BDI scores were associated with increased EMG activity in the corrugator muscle during transitions between positive and negative emotional states. Cognitive distortions such as Catastrophizing, All-or-Nothing Thinking, and Minimization showed significant positive correlations with EMG activity, indicating that individuals with higher levels of these distortions experienced greater facial muscle activation during emotional transitions. This study's results indicate that there is a bidirectional correlation between depressed features and cognitive distortions and alterations in facial emotional processing, even in healthy subjects. Facial EMG in the context of dynamic affective transitions has the potential to be used as a non-invasive method for detecting abnormal emotional reactions at an early stage. This might help in identifying individuals who are at risk of developing depression and guide therapies to prevent its advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are characterized by chronic and recurrent patterns of substance abuse, often marked by high rates of relapse despite treatment. A substantial body of research has focused on identifying factors that contribute to relapse, with cognitive distortions emerging as a key predictor. Additionally, impulsive sensation seeking has been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of SUDs. While previous research has examined these constructs independently, their combined influence on relapse remains understudied. This study aims to investigate the predictive effects of cognitive distortions and impulsive sensation seeking on relapse probability among clients with SUDs. By identifying these factors, this research seeks to contribute to the development of more effective relapse prevention interventions. Aim: This study investigated the predictive effects of cognitive distortions and Impulsive Sensation Seeking on relapse probability among clients with SUDs. Subjects and Method: Design: A descriptive correlational analytical design was used. Subjects: A convenience sample of 230 clients with SUDs who met the selection criteria. Tools: Four tools were used for data collection: socio-demographic and clinical data, the cognitive distortion scale (CDS), impulse sensation seeking (ImpSS), and the AWARE Questionnaire (The Advance Warning of Relapse). Results: Results indicated a high prevalence of cognitive distortions, impulsive sensation seeking, and the risk of relapse within the sample. Furthermore, there are significant positive correlations between cognitive distortions and both impulsive sensation seeking and relapse probability. Similarly, impulsive sensation seeking and relapse probability were significantly positively correlated. Collectively, the present study identified cognitive distortions and impulsive sensation seeking as significant predictors of relapse probability. Conclusion and Recommendation: The current study offers significant implications for clinical practice and prevention efforts. By identifying cognitive distortions as a primary driver of relapse, clinicians can develop targeted interventions to address these maladaptive thought patterns. Additionally, incorporating strategies to reduce impulsive sensation seeking may further enhance relapse prevention efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive distortions, defined as erroneous information-processing, are involved in the emergence and maintenance of various mental and emotional disorders, including anxiety and depression. On the other hand, several studies highlight the existence of links between these states and the dimensions of impulsivity. We therefore studied the links between cognitive distortions, anxiety and depressive symptomatology, and impulsivity. Two hundred and forty adults (aged 18–60 years, 101 men, 139 women) completed the French version of the Impulsive Behavior Scale, the Cognitive Distortions Scale for Adults and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The results obtained highlight the existence of a cognitive distortion specific profile regarding the urgency dimension. Negative maximization, disqualification of the positive, negative-focused dichotomous reasoning, positive arbitrary focus, and neutral omission in favour of the negative are thus the distortions most associated with the level of urgency of subjects. The results also show, a moderating effect of the level of urgency on the interaction between anxiety and negative focused dichotomous reasoning. As well as on the interaction between depression and positive minimization, and between depression and positive maximization. The discussion of the results focuses on the interpretation of the data regarding the anxiety-depressive states in general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on cognitive distortions offers insight on why we continue to face reform challenges regarding police use of force- and citizen interaction-related outcomes. We used two studies of police officers to determine the extent to which one cognitive distortion—dichotomous thinking—was associated with problematic orientations about use of force and citizen interactions. In Study 1, we found that dichotomous thinking was associated with weaker support for de-escalation, procedural justice, and maintaining self-control during hypothetical citizen interactions. Dichotomous thinking also was associated with more support for force-related misconduct. Study 2 showed that officers who engaged in dichotomous thinking were more likely to perceive an immediate and serious threat from watching suspects in body-worn camera videos. Also, they were more likely to believe suspects had greater ability, opportunity, and intent to cause harm. We discuss the practical implications of these findings for policing and police reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectiveParticipantsMethodsResultsConclusionThis study examined the mediating role of cognitive distortions (CDs) in the relationship between dispositional mindfulness (DM) and psychological distress, and considered gender as a potential moderator of these mediation models.Four hundred and forty-six college students (63.9% female; M = 20.52 years; 87.4% undergraduate, 12.6% graduate level) participated.Self-report measures of DM, CDs, anxiety, depression, and perceived stress were completed with data collected from April to October of 2020.Females scored significantly higher than males on anxiety, depression, perceived stress, and CDs. CDs partially mediated the relationship between DM and all psychological distress variables. Gender moderated the mediation model predicting anxiety, with the indirect effect of DM on anxiety via CDs being stronger for females than males.Results support CDs as a possible mechanism underlying the association between DM and psychological distress with implications for targeting cognitive patterns in mindfulness-based interventions with college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has shown that religion can play a protective role in diverse risky behaviors among young people. However, very little is known about the effect of religion in gambling, especially among young problem gamblers. A strong moral belief regarding gambling may prevent adolescents and young adults engaging in gambling and developing problems. Nevertheless, some evidence suggests that religion might have an influence on gambling cognitive distortions (i.e., some religious beliefs might influence the conceptions of chance and luck, which may contribute to an increase in gambling participation). The present study examined the different effects that religion can have on gambling behavior, in two different cultural contexts (i.e., Portugal and England), characterized by different religious affiliations. A sample (n = 725) comprising Portuguese (n = 312) and English (n = 413) adolescents and young adults completed an online survey. The findings indicated that Portuguese youth were more religious than their English counterparts. Moreover, religiosity was associated with lower gambling engagement among participants in both samples. Mediation analyses also showed that the cognitive distortion of illusion of control mediated the relationship between religiosity and problem gambling among the Portuguese participants, and the interpretative bias was a significant mediator in the English sample. The study's findings suggest that religion can have a protective role on gambling behaviors. However, further research is needed to explore the interactive role of religion and cognitive distortions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationships between cognitive reappraisal and problem gambling have been widely studied in different contexts. However, previous research findings remain inconsistent. This discrepancy might be attributed to the effects of interactions between cognitive reappraisal and other risk factors for problem gambling. Using moderation models, this study examined the association between impulsivity, gambling-related cognitive distortions, cognitive reappraisal and problem gambling in a sample of Malaysian gamblers. A total of 149 community gamblers (103 males, 46 females; mean age = 32.18) completed an online questionnaire. Problem gambling was measured with the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS); cognitive reappraisal was measured using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Cognitive Reappraisal Subscale (ERQ-CR); impulsivity was measured with the Short-UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviour Scale (SUPPS-P); and gambling-related cognitive distortions were measured using the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS). The results revealed impulsivity and gambling-related cognitive distortions as significant predictors of problem gambling. At high levels, impulsivity and cognitive distortions are significant moderator variables that strengthen the association between cognitive reappraisal and problem gambling. These findings demonstrate that reappraisal skills could exacerbate problem gambling severity amongst impulsive or self-deceptive gamblers. Future research with larger and more representative samples is needed to validate and generalise these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The oral literature of each region is considered a type of folk literature, which can be used to understand the different aspects of the culture and literature ruling that region and the way of thinking of its people through its analysis and investigation. Proverb is one of the components of popular literature. Some proverbs have a gender bias. In every culture, gender proverbs indicate the social status of men and women. In these proverbs, the society's expectations and demands of each gender (male and female) have been specified. Examining the place of women in common proverbs in the city of Dehaghan - one of the districts of Isfahan - can show the thinking and mentality of the people of this region about women. Method and Research: The purpose of this research, which was conducted in the field-library method, is to examine these proverbs based on cognitive distortions, which are considered a subset of cognitive errors and part of the topics of psychological science. Findings and Conclusions: Examining the proverbs based on the above-mentioned foundation will provide a detailed understanding of the position of women in this city. The results of this research show that some cognitive distortions were involved in the formation of gender proverbs in the city of Dehaghan, which include: all or nothing thinking, overgeneralization, hasty conclusions, Emotional reasoning, Should Statements, labeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many studies showing that social anxiety disorder is associated with negative parental attitudes. It is known that exposure to negative parental attitudes and related negative experiences during childhood affect the cognitive process and cause the development of cognitive distortions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between perceived parental acceptance-rejection and control levels and social anxiety levels in adolescents, and the mediating role of interpersonal cognitive distortions in the relationship between both variables. The sample of the study consists of 142 adolescents with a mean age of 15.9 ± 1.36 years. Participants were evaluated with the "Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised Form", "Child Versions the Parental Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire for Mothers and Fathers" and "Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale". The results showed that perceived levels of parental rejection and maternal control positively predicted adolescents' social anxiety levels and interpersonal cognitive distortion levels. In the regression model established to evaluate the mediating role of the sub-dimensions of interpersonal cognitive distortions; it was found that "unrealistic relationship expectations" played a partial mediator role between mothers' rejecting and overly controlling attitudes and adolescents' social anxiety levels. "Interpersonal rejection", which is the other sub-dimension of interpersonal cognitive distortions, was found to play a full mediator role between both the rejecting attitudes of mothers and fathers, the controlling attitudes of mothers, and the social anxiety levels of adolescents. The results showed that interpersonal cognitive distortions played a mediating role in the relationship between perceived negative parental attitudes and adolescents' social anxiety levels. This study is one of the few studies that examines the relationship between parental attitudes and social anxiety levels in the adolescent age group in terms of the mediating effects of cognitive distortions. It is thought that our results are important for understanding the nature of social anxiety disorder and its treatment approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Body dysmorphic disorder can have detrimental effects on academic achievement and constructive activities in the lives of adolescents. Aim: This research aims to predict body dysmorphic disorder based on personality traits and cognitive distortions, with the mediating role of emotional regulation difficulty in female students. Method: The research employs a descriptive and correlational approach, relying on a structural model and path analysis. The population includes all female students aged 14 to 18 in Sanandaj during the academic year 2022-2023. A sample of 210 individuals was selected through convenience sampling, responding to questionnaires on emotional regulation difficulties (2004), personality traits (1992), cognitive distortions (2009), and body dysmorphic disorder (2013). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26 and Amos version 26. Results: The results showed that the model predicting body dysmorphic disorder based on the research variables had a good fit. Cognitive distortions (p < 0.01, t = 5.44), neuroticism (p < 0.01, t = 5.99), and emotional regulation difficulty (p < 0.01, t = 3.92) had direct positive and significant effects. Extraversion (p < 0.01, t = -4.71) and conscientiousness (p < 0.01, t = -3.41) had direct negative and significant effects on body dysmorphic disorder. Additionally, the indirect effect of cognitive distortions (p < 0.05, β = 0.059), neuroticism (p < 0.05, β = 0.041), and extraversion (p < 0.05, β = -0.068) on body dysmorphic disorder through the mediation of emotional regulation difficulty was significant. Conclusion: Based on the results of neuroticism cognitive distortions are significant factors influencing body dysmorphic disorder. Therefore, it is recommended that school counselors conduct training courses addressing cognitive distortions, improving neuroticism, and enhancing emotional management skills.

Cognitive distortions (CDs) are a crucial element in the etiology of child sexual offending, with most of the intervention programs targeting them to reduce the risk of sexual recidivism in perpetrators of child sexual abuse (CSA). Researchers have developed the Hanson Sex Attitude Questionnaire (HSAQ) to assess CDs. With a total sample of 256 participants, the Portuguese version of the HSAQ revealed a two-factor structure. The HSAQ subscales demonstrated good to acceptable psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency, as well as discriminant validity. One of the subscales also demonstrated convergent validity. Additionally, the two subscales exhibited differences between perpetrators of CSA with and without previous interventions, indicating known-groups validity. Overall, our findings partially support the use of the HSAQ in the forensic Portuguese population, underscoring its significance for clinical and research purposes. Nevertheless, particular caution is advised, especially regarding factor two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychopathological syndromes, such as disruptive behavior and anxiety disorders in adolescence, are characterized by distorted cognitions and problematic behavior. Biased interpretations of ambiguous social situations can elicit both aggressive and avoidance behavior. Yet, it is not well understood whether different interpretation biases are specific to different syndromes, or whether they can co-occur. We assessed both hostile and threatening interpretation biases in identical social situations, and proposed that they are uniquely related to callous-unemotional (CU) traits and social anxiety, respectively. We also explored the role of gender and age herein. The sample consisted of 390 inpatients between 10 and 18 years of age with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Hostile and threatening interpretations were assessed with the Ambiguous Social Scenario Task (ASST) consisting of 10 written vignettes. Both CU-traits and social anxiety were assessed with self-report questionnaires. Results showed that, overall, CU-traits were related to more hostile interpretations, whereas social anxiety was related to more threatening interpretations. In addition, in boys, hostile and threatening interpretations correlated significantly positive with each other. Age was not related to interpretation biases. Together, these results generally support the content-specificity of interpretation biases in concepts relevant to disruptive behavior disorders and anxiety disorders, and indicate that different interpretation biases can co-occur specifically in boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psychological distress (i.e., incipient symptoms of anxiety, stress, and depression) may promote substance use through increased emission of cognitive distortions. These are automatic irrational thoughts that can promote distress, which in turn increases substance use. Aim: This study analyzed, in a sample of Uruguayan citizens, the unique contribution of cognitive distortions on the frequency and quantity of alcohol or marijuana use, over and above the contribution of psychological distress or the use of emotion regulation strategies. We also assessed whether these variables were associated with having initiated or resumed the use of a substance. Methods: A survey asked about alcohol and marijuana use, psychological distress, emotion regulation strategies, and cognitive distortions. The study comprised a convenience sample of 1132 participants (Mean age = 29.07 ± 8.19 years, 72.26% women). Separate hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted on the frequency and quantity of alcohol or marijuana use, whereas a logistic regression was applied on having initiated or resumed the use of a substance. Results: Several cognitive distortions were significant predictors of frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption or frequency of marijuana use, over and above psychological distress. Differential emission of automatic thoughts was also associated, along with higher scores of psychological distress, with a significantly higher probability of having initiated the use of a new substance or having resumed the use of a substance. Conclusions: Cognitive distortions may promote alcohol and marijuana use. Interventions aimed at modifying these distortions should be considered to reduce the emission of these behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Akademik Hassasiyetler is the property of Huzeyfe Suleyman Arslan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Language, Speech & Swallowing Research / Dil, Konuşma ve Yutma Araştırmaları Dergisi (DKYAD) is the property of Journal of Language, Speech & Swallowing Research / Dil, Konusma ve Yutma Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background The aim of the current study was to compare bipolar depression (BD) and unipolar depression (UD) patients and healthy controls in terms of their cognitive distortions and perfectionist traits during acute depressive episodes. Results The current dissertation study is a cross-sectional study consisting of 80 patients with unipolar depression, 80 patients with bipolar depression, and 80 healthy controls. Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Form, Cognitive Distortion Scale (CDS), Frost’s Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were used as measurement tools. Healthy controls were selected on the basis that they had the same gender and age distribution as the other participants. It was found that patients with unipolar and bipolar depression had statistically equal but higher total CDS interpersonal and personal achievement scores than healthy controls, and all subtypes of the CDS labeling score were higher in the unipolar depression group than in the other groups. It was found that both depression groups had higher FMPS self-oriented and social-oriented perfectionism scores than healthy controls, lower others-oriented perfectionism scores than healthy controls, and there were no statistically significant differences between them in terms of perfectionism subtypes. Conclusions In the light of the research data, it was found that the patients with bipolar/unipolar depression had more cognitive distortion than healthy controls and cognitive distortion was not significantly different in the two groups. According to the research data, it is observed that perfectionism is higher in unipolar depression than in bipolar depression. The data obtained have the potential to provide a theoretical basis for a psychotherapeutic approach.

Introduction Adolescence is referred to as a dynamic and active period of each person's life, and the major part of a person's personality is formed in this period. Undoubtedly, the importance of the adolescent developmental period cannot be denied. Thus, during adolescence, a person may encounter problems in various areas of individual, family, psychological, emotional, social, and health. Although the prevailing view among researchers is that most people go through the developmental stage of adolescence and the unstable psychological and emotional states of that stage in good health, recent research suggests that the number of adolescents with symptoms of behavioral disorders or who express emotion is increasing. According to this, the present study was conducted to test the model of the relationship between social anxiety and parental psychological control and social support with the mediation of cognitive distortions in students. Method The research method was descriptive-correlational and Structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study included all first and second high school male and female students who were studying in the academic year 2019-20. The statistical sample included 400 adolescents who were selected through a clustered random sampling method. After collecting the questionnaires and removing the distorted and incomplete questionnaires, 373 students remained in the research (198 female students and 175 male students). The applied questionnaires included Social Anxiety Scale (CAS) (LaGreca, 1998), Parental Psychological Control Questionnaire (PPCQ) (Soenens, Vansteenkiste, Luyten, 2010), Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CDQ) (Hamamci, Büyüköztürk, 2004), and Peer Social Support Questionnaire (PSSQ) (Procidano, Heller, 1983). The data analysis was conducted through way analysis. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and Amos 23 software. Results The results showed that parental psychological control, peer social support, and cognitive distortions have a significant relationship with social anxiety (p<0.01). Moreover, parental psychological control and peer social support have a direct significant effect on cognitive distortions and social anxiety (p<0.01). Furthermore, the results of the Bootstrap and Sobel test showed that cognitive distortions have a significant mediation role in the relationship of parental psychological control and peer social support with social anxiety in male and female students (p<0.01). Finally, the model had an appropriate goodness of fit. Conclusion Taking the significant mediation role of cognitive distortions into account, clinical therapists must decrease the student's cognitive distortions by applying cognitive techniques. Reducing cognitive distortions allows adolescents to have more efficient cognitive processing. This process also reduces the incidence of cognitive errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to examine the mediating role of cognitive distortions in the relationship between selfcompassion and social anxiety symptoms. In this study, which was carried out with the correlational design, which is one of the quantitative research methods, 190 participants were reached. 80% of the participants are female and 20% are male. The age range of the participants varies between 18-47, with an average of 20.72 (±.32). Self-report scales consisting of a personal information form, self-compassion scale, cognitive distortions scale, and Liebowitz social anxiety scale were applied to the participants in the study. The analysis of the data regarding the research findings was carried out using the SPSS 22 package program. Descriptive statistics were used to obtain information on demographic data. Regression analysis was performed using the Process V4.2 extension (Model 4) to examine the mediating role of cognitive distortions in the relationship between self-compassion and social anxiety disorder. Correlation analysis was also performed to examine the relationship between variables. According to the findings, it was found that there is a positive and significant relationship between the variables of self-compassion, social anxiety, and cognitive distortions. In addition, it has been observed that cognitive distortions have a mediating role in the relationship between self-compassion and social anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Body dysmorphic disorder can have detrimental effects on academic achievement and constructive activities in the lives of adolescents. Aim: This research aims to predict body dysmorphic disorder based on personality traits and cognitive distortions, with the mediating role of emotional regulation difficulty in female students. Method: The research employs a descriptive and correlational approach, relying on a structural model and path analysis. The population includes all female students aged 14 to 18 in Sanandaj during the academic year 2022-2023. A sample of 210 individuals was selected through convenience sampling, responding to questionnaires on emotional regulation difficulties (2004), personality traits (1992), cognitive distortions (2009), and body dysmorphic disorder (2013). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26 and Amos version 26. Results: The results showed that the model predicting body dysmorphic disorder based on the research variables had a good fit. Cognitive distortions (p < 0.01, t = 5.44), neuroticism (p < 0.01, t = 5.99), and emotional regulation difficulty (p < 0.01, t = 3.92) had direct positive and significant effects. Extraversion (p < 0.01, t = -4.71) and conscientiousness (p < 0.01, t = -3.41) had direct negative and significant effects on body dysmorphic disorder. Additionally, the indirect effect of cognitive distortions (p < 0.05, β = 0.059), neuroticism (p < 0.05, β = 0.041), and extraversion (p < 0.05, β = -0.068) on body dysmorphic disorder through the mediation of emotional regulation difficulty was significant. Conclusion: Based on the results of neuroticism cognitive distortions are significant factors influencing body dysmorphic disorder. Therefore, it is recommended that school counselors conduct training courses addressing cognitive distortions, improving neuroticism, and enhancing emotional management skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the current paper is to identify the relationship between cognitive distortions, academic self-efficacy, mindfulness, and academic procrastination among college students, and to reveal the presence of differences attributed to gender (male/female) and academic specialization (scientific/literary), as well as revealing the possibility of predicting academic procrastination. Through cognitive distortions, academic self-efficacy, and mindfulness. The research sample consisted of (300) male and female students at the Faculty of Education, Kafrelsheikh University. The researcher used: The Cognitive Distortions questionnaire prepared by (De Oliveira, 2015) translated into Arabic by the “researcher, the Academic Self-Efficacy questionnaire (Sachitra& Bandara, 2017), translated into Arabic by the “researcher,” and the Five Factors of Mental Awareness Scale by Bear et al., 2006), translated by “Abdul Raqeeb Al-Buhairi et al.” (2014), and the Brief Academic Procrastination Scale (Geara et al., 2019), translated into Arabic by the researcher. The results revealed a positive, statistically significant correlation between cognitive distortions and academic procrastination, and a negative correlation with academic self-efficacy and mindfulness. The results also revealed that there are no differences attributable to gender in cognitive distortions and mindfulness, and there are statistically significant differences attributable to gender (male/female) in academic self-efficacy in favor of females, and differences in academic procrastination in favor of males. The results also revealed that there are no statistically significant differences in cognitive distortions, mindfulness, and academic procrastination attributable to specialization, and that there are statistically significant differences in academic self-efficacy attributable to specialization in favor of scientific specializations. The results revealed the possibility of predicting academic procrastination through cognitive distortions, academic self-efficacy, and mindfulness. Some recommendations and proposed research were presented considering the research results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the relationship between empathy as measured by the Empathy Index (EI) and the Cognitive Distortion Scale (CDS) among a sample (N = 151) of individuals who committed sexual offenses who were receiving community-based sex offender treatment in a large southern state. The extent to which the relationships by age was also considered. The findings indicated a weak but significant positive correlation between total empathy and each of the cognitive distortion scales, and a similar positive correlation between the instrumental aggression empathy subscale and the three cognitive distortion scales. Furthermore, these findings suggested that those with lower empathy were more likely to have cognitive distortions than those with higher empathy. Recommendations for future research and implications for treatment are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While there are many studies on the relationship between anxiety disorders and childhood traumas in the literature, there are limited studies on the relationship between separation anxiety disorders and traumatic experiences in early life. It is widely known that trauma and negative cognitive processes are important factors in the etiology and prognosis of psychiatric disorders. In this study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between adult separation anxiety levels and childhood traumas and cognitive distortions, and to examine the mediating role of cognitive distortions in the relationship between childhood traumas and separation anxiety. A total of 366 students attending a private university were included in the study. The scales, which were converted into online questionnaires by the researchers, were sent to the students via e-mail, and were administered online. The participants were evaluated using "Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire", "Childhood Trauma Questionnaire", and "Cognitive Distortions Scale". The results of the study indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between adult separation anxiety levels and childhood sexual abuse while there was no statistically significant correlation between adult separation anxiety levels and physical and emotional abuse, or physical and emotional neglect. A positive and significant relationship was found between separation anxiety levels and the sub-dimensions of cognitive distortions' self-image, self-blame, helplessness, hopelessness, and preoccupation with danger. In addition, it was determined that the helplessness and preoccupation with danger sub-dimensions of cognitive distortions had a full mediator effect on the relationship between sexual abuse and separation anxiety. Our results show that there is a positive relationship between separation anxiety disorder and childhood sexual abuse, and cognitive distortions play a mediating role between both variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metacognitive model of psychopathology has been applied to various psychological disorders, with a wide array of studies suggesting that metacognitions play an important role in addictive behaviors. Increasing scientific attention has been focused on a potential and relatively new form of behavioral addiction: compulsive exercising (i.e., when individuals gradually lose control over their exercise habits, act compulsively, and experience negative consequences). As no prior study has evaluated the role of metacognitions in compulsive exercising, the current study aimed to: (i) develop a self-report questionnaire measuring metacognitions about exercise; and (ii) to investigate the contribution of metacognitions to compulsive exercising. A 15 item self-report questionnaire, the Metacognitions about Exercise Questionnaire (MEPQ), was developed and administered to a community sample of 496 exercisers (F = 49.2%, mean age: 39.38, SD = 14.08). Factor analysis revealed a 4-factor solution (which explained 67.22% of variance; fit indices: χ2 (84) = 176.12, p <.001; χ2/df = 2.1; RMSEA [90% CI] =.07 [.05;.08]; CFI =.97; SRMR =.06): Positive Metacognitions about Emotional Regulation, Positive Metacognitions about Cognitive Regulation, Positive Metacognitions about Control Over Life, and Negative Metacognitions about Uncontrollability. Positive metacognitions about the usefulness of physical exercise for regulating negative emotional states and negative metacognitions about one's inability to control the need to exercise significantly predicted compulsive exercising, independently of negative affect. The results of this study suggest that adopting the metacognitive framework of psychopathology to compulsive exercising may be relevant to understanding and treating this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online communities on darknet contribute to sexual violence against children. They provide offender access to Child Sexual Abuse Material and to a group of peers that supports criminal activities. This article sheds light on online child sexual abusers and their justifications for Child Sexual Abuse (CSA). It describes different offender profiles and motivations for CSA, followed by a section on policing these offences. The article then lays out psychological models, such as cognitive distortions, that are used to understand pedophiles' behavior. The discussion is complemented by direct citations from a darknet community of CSA offenders, showing that these models are not just theoretical considerations. The last part of the article concentrates on online communities of CSA offenders. It describes different types of members of such communities and explains how the communities support individual offenders and how they provide learning models that facilitate criminal behavior. The article concludes with a short reflection of its findings, including novel insights for investigators of these crimes and proposed venues for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the current study was to compare bipolar depression (BD) and unipolar depression (UD) patients and healthy controls in terms of their cognitive distortions and perfectionist traits during acute depressive episodes. Results: The current dissertation study is a cross-sectional study consisting of 80 patients with unipolar depression, 80 patients with bipolar depression, and 80 healthy controls. Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Form, Cognitive Distortion Scale (CDS), Frost's Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were used as measurement tools. Healthy controls were selected on the basis that they had the same gender and age distribution as the other participants. It was found that patients with unipolar and bipolar depression had statistically equal but higher total CDS interpersonal and personal achievement scores than healthy controls, and all subtypes of the CDS labeling score were higher in the unipolar depression group than in the other groups. It was found that both depression groups had higher FMPS self-oriented and social-oriented perfectionism scores than healthy controls, lower others-oriented perfectionism scores than healthy controls, and there were no statistically significant differences between them in terms of perfectionism subtypes. Conclusions: In the light of the research data, it was found that the patients with bipolar/unipolar depression had more cognitive distortion than healthy controls and cognitive distortion was not significantly different in the two groups. According to the research data, it is observed that perfectionism is higher in unipolar depression than in bipolar depression. The data obtained have the potential to provide a theoretical basis for a psychotherapeutic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to identify the relationship between cognitive distortions and psychological adjustment among third-grade secondary school students in Dhamar city. It also identifies the levels of cognitive distortions and psychological adjustment, as well as any differences in these aspects based on the variables (sex and school type). To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers use the descriptive correlational approach. The research is conducted on a sample of 648 male and female students from the third grade secondary school, selected using the cluster random method following the cognitive distortion scale prepared by Al-Assar (2015) and the psychological adjustment scale prepared by Ferjani (2021). The results reveal that there is a negative correlation between cognitive distortions and psychological adjustment, and there is a medium level of cognitive distortions, and a high level of psychological adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive distortions play a key role in offending but have not been researched in relation to burglary. Using the literature on offence-related cognition as a guide (which is primarily focused on sexual offending), the present two studies aimed to develop and validate the Burglary Cognitive Distortions Scale (BCDS). Drawing upon the burglary literature, an initial pool of 36-items was produced. Two online studies using community-based participants were then conducted. Each study involved administering the BCDS, along with measures of burglary proclivity, general criminal beliefs, empathy, and human needs. In Study 1 (N¹ = 306), an exploratory factor analysis of the BCDS produced two factors: (1) Acquisitive Entitlement, and (2) Survive by any Means. In Study 2 (N² = 266), confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure and helped refine the item pool. In each study, the 24-item CFA version of the BCDS was found to be associated with general criminal beliefs and burglary proclivity. Factor 1 of the BCDS, as well as general criminal beliefs, independently predicted proclivity scores. Future research should now aim to validate the BCDS using a sample of people who have committed burglary, as it holds promise for use in forensic settings and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Martin Seligman, the founder of positive psychology, developed the idea of 'learned optimism' by embracing the idea that an optimistic outlook can be developed through learning. This article discusses the idea of learned optimism, its advantages, and how one may begin to transform their life and thinking. According to the analysis, optimistic personalities appear to have a greater success rate when it comes to reaching their intended goals, even when the pessimistic characters do amazing things in their lives. Both pessimists and optimists achieve things in their lives, but optimists are perceived as having accomplished more. Martin Seligman's theory of learned optimism is analysed and contextualized in this paper, which aims to evaluate the optimistic and pessimistic personalities found in the characters in the selected short stories of C.S. Lakshmi. Seligman's concept of learned optimism is well connected with the characters of Loki in "Once Again" and Anjana in "Trisanku". The characters are also subjected to cognitive distortions of the three P's: Personal, Pervasive and Permanent to develop themselves to be optimistic personalities through the concept of learned optimism. Seligman also proved that through learned optimism one can change from a pessimistic to an optimistic personality so that they can prevent themselves from depression and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-esteem expresses the individual's approach to himself and affects the whole life in terms of mental health. Another important factor affecting self-esteem, which has a critical importance for the youth period, is social media. In the literature, there are many studies examining the relationship between social media use and self-esteem of young people. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between problematic social media use and self-esteem in university students and to test the mediating role of cognitive distortions in the relationship between these two variables. The sample of the study consisted of 239 young individuals, 197 (82.4%) female, and 42 (17.6%) males, with a mean age of 20.62 ± 1.92 years, studying at a private university. Participants were evaluated by administering the "Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES)", "Social Media Disorder Scale (SMD-9)", and "Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS)". The scales were administered via an online survey. Results revealed that there was a negative significant relationship between the problematic social media use levels of the participants and their self-esteem. In the model established to evaluate the mediating role of cognitive distortions in the relationship between problematic social media use and self-esteem levels, in the first step, it was found that problematic social media use directly predicted self-esteem negatively. In the second step, it was determined that the use of problematic social media negatively predicted the mediating variable cognitive distortions. In the third step, when cognitive distortions, which are mediator variables, are added to the model in the relationship between problematic social media use and self-esteem; it was determined that cognitive distortions played a partial mediating role in the sub-dimensions of "self-perception", "self-blame", "hopelessness" and "seeing life as dangerous", while the sub-dimensions of "helplessness" and "total scale scores" played a full mediator role. Our findings show that there is a negative relationship between the problematic social media use of young people and their self-esteem levels, and cognitive distortions play a mediating role in the relationship between both variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the article is the representation of ideas about the paranormal in the media. This issue is often brought up by psychologists, who directly point to the leading role of the media in the formation of such representations in present-day time. The author points out the kinship of research in the field of “paranormal psychology” with the studies of induced phenomena by Vladimir Bekhterev, who directly pointed out the role of mass media in the formation of induced ideas. The empirical part of the work consists in the analysis of a sample of media reports on the presence of ghosts, catalogued by the author. The main research question is how the features of the localization of the ghost phenomenon stated in the media can provoke its representation. The author concludes that the media are not only conductors of paranormal ideas, as noted by other researchers, but also partially demonstrate the causal relationships underlying the formation of paranormal ideas. The author underlines the close connection between a particular location, its history and the very report of paranormal phenomena in it. The author identifies the main descriptive techniques of the media associated with paranormal ideas, as well as shows the specifics of their distribution in the media environment. In fact, the article is intended to fill a kind of “information vacuum”, which has formed in the studies of ideas about the paranormal both in the Russian and foreign scientific environment, which makes this study very relevant.

Abstract Background Distorted thoughts are common in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and can impact patients’ perceptions of depression severity, and predict chronicity and treatment response. This study aimed to investigate whether distorted thoughts mediate depressive symptoms in MDD over a 6-month period. Method These are secondary results from a study that followed 119 patients diagnosed with moderate to severe MDD for 6 months. Diagnoses were confirmed by the Structured Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-CV). The analysis was composed of results from the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the second edition of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the Depression Thoughts Scale (DTS) collected at weeks 1, 8, 12 and 24. Results Results showed that the DTS mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms experienced approximately 3 months after starting antidepressant treatment. Conclusion Cognitive distortions were linked as a mediator to depressive symptoms, highlighting the importance of early psychological interventions in patients with MDD who exhibit these distortions. Trial registration NCT02268487.

The aim of this study was to determine the main cognitive distortions observed in panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) and to investigate the impact of cognitive distortions on diagnoses, depression levels, disorder type and severity of anxiety. This study consisted of 150 clinical (50 PD, 50 GAD, 50 SAD) and 91 healthy control participants. A sociodemographic data form, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS), the Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scales were administered to all participants. It was found that cognitive distortions were higher in individuals with PD, GAD and SAD. The PD, SAD and GAD groups were similar for "catastrophizing", "mindreading", "all or nothing thinking", "overgeneralization", "should statements" and "emotional reasoning". "Personalization", "labeling" and "minimizing or disqualifying the positive" were observed at a higher severity in the SAD group compared to the PD group, and "mental filter" was observed at a higher severity in the GAD group compared to the PD group. Our findings emphasize the need to address cognitive distortions in PD, GAD and SAD treatment. The evaluation of cognitive distortions specific to anxiety disorders is significant in guiding therapy goals and pioneering new research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conceptual papers typically focus on proposing new relationships among constructs; the purpose is thus to develop logical and complete arguments about these associations rather than testing them empirically. The current article is the conceptual paper; however, the aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between loneliness, cognitive distortions, resilience, family support and depression among older people. Purposive sampling technique will be used to collect data from 300 participants form Pakistan. Cognitive distortion scale, UCLA loneliness scale, family support scale, Connor Davidson resilience scale and beck depression inventory will be used as an assessment measure in the current study to check the level of loneliness, cognitive distortions, resilience, family support and depression. SPSS-27 software will be used for the statistical analysis in the present study. Pearson product moment correlation analysis, reliability analysis, independent sample t-test and hierarchal regression analysis will be used in the current study. The authors conclude that higher level of loneliness and cognitive distortions will lead to higher level of depression. Policy makers, social workers and organizations that wish to jointly address mental health and performance at work would benefit from reducing depression by enhancing resilience and importance of family support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PRACTICE IMPACT STATEMENT The objective of this study was to investigate relationships between criminal history, cognitive distortions, social climate, motivation to change and therapeutic alliance at an early stage of treatment among people incarcerated for child sexual abuse. To do so, 223 men (M age = 47, range = 19–76 years) who took part in a treatment programme in Quebec, Canada, following perpetration of child sexual abuse were included in the study. Individual factors (number of prior offences; cognitive distortions), social climate, and their association with motivation and therapeutic alliance were examined. Multiple linear regressions revealed that participants with fewer cognitive distortions who perceived social climate more positively were more motivated to change and had a better alliance with their therapist. Participants with higher motivation also established better therapeutic alliances with programme staff. This study provides new knowledge on two major components of successful treatment and highlights the importance of a positive environment in forming therapeutic alliance.Treatment providers should be mindful that the same cognitive distortions that are likely to be treatment targets can also be obstacles to motivation and the development of the therapeutic alliance. In terms of the treatment environment, providing a safe, open, and supportive social climate between inmates and programme staff contributes to higher motivation and better therapeutic alliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research empirically tests the relationship between gambling-related cognitive distortions and the development of gambling problems. In two separate studies using methodologies designed to support non-experimental causal inference, we demonstrate that holding false beliefs about gambling experiences is related to current and future risk of developing problems with gambling. In our first study, we use an instrumental variable estimation strategy on an internet sample (n = 184) and observe a statistically significant relationship between Gamblers' Belief Questionnaire scores and measures of loss chasing, overspending, and gambling problems. These findings were robust to linear and ordinal estimation strategies and multiple model specifications. In our second study, we examine five-year prospective longitudinal data (n = 1,431) to validate our initial findings and test whether irrational thoughts are also related to future problems with gambling. While controlling for current fallacies, we find that past Gambling Fallacies Measure scores are related to present gambling problems across two survey waves. The effect size of each of the past fallacy levels is roughly half of the effect size of present levels, suggesting meaningful impacts. Our findings support the Pathways Model of Problem and Pathological Gambling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike the consequences of substance and behavioral addictions and the profile of adolescents with substance and behavioral addictions that were extensively studied, the cognitive distortions that might be responsible to the development and maintenance of substance and behavioral addictions are less understood. The sample comprised 1948 adolescents (756 male and 1192 female) aged 14–18 years (mean age = 16.20 years; SD = 1.83) who completed the survey anonymously and with parental consent. We examined associations between substance and behavioral addictions and cognitive distortions in the form of early maladaptive schemas among adolescents. Results revealed that early maladaptive schemas are associated with adolescents' substance and behavioral addictions. From a lay epidemiological perspective, the current research expands our knowledge about addiction among adolescents, offering potential insights for clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contemporary Islamic Thought / Al-Fikr al-Islāmī al-Muʿāṣir is the property of International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Distorted thoughts are common in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and can impact patients' perceptions of depression severity, and predict chronicity and treatment response. This study aimed to investigate whether distorted thoughts mediate depressive symptoms in MDD over a 6-month period. Method: These are secondary results from a study that followed 119 patients diagnosed with moderate to severe MDD for 6 months. Diagnoses were confirmed by the Structured Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-CV). The analysis was composed of results from the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the second edition of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the Depression Thoughts Scale (DTS) collected at weeks 1, 8, 12 and 24. Results: Results showed that the DTS mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms experienced approximately 3 months after starting antidepressant treatment. Conclusion: Cognitive distortions were linked as a mediator to depressive symptoms, highlighting the importance of early psychological interventions in patients with MDD who exhibit these distortions. Trial registration: NCT02268487. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the self-perceptions of child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) consumers compared to a reference population of non-consumers is critical in establishing distorted cognitions that may not be elucidated when comparison is made with groups who have committed other offenses. This exploratory work utilizes a quantitative approach toward identifying how individuals previously convicted of child pornography offenses view CSEM and CSEM offending, using a group of non-offenders as a baseline. The target group was selected based on their inclusion in two sex offender registries for child pornography offenses (n = 78). A reference group of non-offenders (n = 254) was gender-matched from a subset of a prior study evaluating the public perceptions of CSEM. Both groups were adults located within the United States and were asked questions using an online survey about their general perceptions of CSEM, their endorsement of CSEM beliefs, and their opinions related to the legality of various forms of CSEM and associated laws and sentencing guidelines. The study found that CSEM consumers more accurately assessed risks associated with CSEM offending, but that they exhibited potential minimization-based cognitive distortions related to severity and victimization and more strongly endorsed child erotica and virtual child pornography being legal. Additionally, they endorsed treatment over prison, and were strongly opposed to sex offender registration for child pornography offenses. The results provide potential treatment targets, including behavioral areas that may be pathways to CSEM offending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increasing public health concerns are being raised about adolescent self-harming behaviors. The previous study indicates that childhood trauma can be related to self-harm. Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between childhood trauma, cognitive flexibility, and cognitive distortions in predicting self-harming behaviors among female adolescents in Shahrood, Iran. Materials & Methods: The research method was cross-sectional. The statistical population of the study included all female students in the junior high schools of Shahrood, Iran in the academic year 2022-23. A sample of 220 female adolescents (aged 13–15) was recruited through multi-stage sampling. Participants had at least one self-harming behavior in their clinical records. The child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Cognitive Flexibility Inventory-Iranian Version, The Cognitive Distortion Scale, and Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire were completed. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression model. Results: The mean age of study participants was 13.70 (standard deviation=1.02), almost 73% of the samples were from 13 to 14 years old, and most students came from three- and four-member families (81%). Findings of multivariate linear regression revealed that childhood trauma (β=0.137, t=2.828) and cognitive distortions (β = 0.188, t=3.940) were positive and significant predictors of self-harming behaviors in adolescents. Moreover, Cognitive flexibility (β = -0.237, t=-4.957) was a negative and significant predictor of self-harming behaviors in adolescents. Conclusion: The results of this study may have implications for increasing mental health awareness among students and school programs to prevent self-harm.

Major depressive disorder is a common mental health problem that affects millions of people worldwide, with frequent negative effects on people's quality of life. This study was conducted to determine the metacognitive features and cognitive distortions of patients diagnosed with depression. This research was conducted in descriptive type. The study was carried out in the psychiatry outpatient clinic of a state hospital. The sample of the study consisted of 131 major patients diagnosed with depression who met the inclusion criteria of the study. The Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS) mean score of the patients was 86.75 ± 23.37. The mean score of the Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) of the patients was determined as 77.23 ± 14.24. A positive correlation was found between CDS and MCQ total and all sub-dimensions scores (p < 0.005). Patients use cognitive distortions quite frequently. Among the cognitive distortions, they mostly use the distortion of should-must statements. In addition, patients have high scores of pathological metacognition. This high score is greatest in the areas of uncontrollability and danger, the need for control, and cognitive awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objective: Intimate partner violence against women is a widespread form of gender-based violence present in societies of all types. Among the possible factors implicated in its existence are gender stereotypes and cognitive distortions of a sexist or violence-justifying nature. Thus, a general population survey was designed with the aim of studying gender differences in the acceptance of gender roles and stereotypes, and violence against women in intimate relationships. Method: A total of 391 participants from the general population (61.9% women) aged from 18 to 67, responded to measures of the internalization of gender norms or mandates based on differential socialization, distorted thoughts about women and the use of violence, beliefs about intimate partner violence, and social desirability. Results: Men scored higher on different types of sexism and stereotypes, on stereotypes related to motherhood, and romantic love generally attributed to women. Converse, no gender differences in the justification of violence were observed. Likewise, no significant differences were found for the educational level factor. Conclusions: The implications of the results for the contents of prevention and intervention programmes asre discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Difficult childhood experiences can lead to the development of early maladaptive schemas (EMS) that cause emotional and behavioral problems later in life. The present study examined the role of cognitive distortions in mediating relationships between EMS and aggression in adults as a function of sex. Participants were 59 women (Mage = 34.7 years, standard deviation [SD] = 8.0) and 86 men (Mage = 39.3 years, SD = 13.2) who completed the Young Schema Questionnaire—Short Form‐V3, the How I Think Questionnaire of cognitive distortions, and the Buss–Warren Aggression Questionnaire. Multiple mediation analysis identified EMS domain impaired limits to be uniquely and directly related to aggression, and the domain impaired autonomy to be indirectly related via a range of cognitive distortions. Multigroup analyses revealed no sex differences in these relationships, and analysis of covariance with age as a covariate revealed no sex differences in levels of EMS, cognitive distortion, or aggression. The results suggest that impaired limits and impaired autonomy are EMS domains of relevance to aggression regardless of sex. Furthermore, in the case of impaired autonomy, self‐serving, proaggression cognitive distortions appear to be involved. Interventions for aggression may thus benefit by focusing on clients with entitlement/grandiosity traits indicative of impaired limits, and vulnerability/dependence traits indicative of impaired autonomy, and in the latter case consider addressing the self‐serving cognitions that enable the expression of aggression in these clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]