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The concentration of sulfide minerals can be achieved through various methods, and one such method is flotation. In the case of cobaltite, a mineral composed of cobalt sulfoarsenide, its ability to float is attributed to the presence of sulfur within its lattice structure. Cobalt, a versatile element with historical applications in dyeing, has gained strategic importance in recent times due to its utilization in alloys and lithium batteries. However, the scarcity of cobaltite in the Earth's crust has limited the extent of research conducted on its flotation. Nonetheless, previous studies have indicated that under specific conditions, cobaltite can indeed be floated. The objective of this particular study was to separate cobaltite minerals from magnetite and other associated minerals through the process of flotation. Initially, preliminary tests were conducted using Minitab software and Taguchi analysis. These tests revealed that the highest recovery rate, approximately 71%, was achieved at acidic pH levels (pH=4) using PAX as the collector. Subsequent additional tests were carried out, resulting in a recovery rate of 75% and a grade of 22.3%. One of the significant findings of this study was the influence of pH on the recovery of cobaltite when sulfhydryl collectors were employed. It was observed that cobaltite exhibited a considerably low recovery rate when the pH approached neutral or alkaline values.

The concentration of sulfide minerals can be achieved through various methods, and one such method is flotation. In the case of cobaltite, a mineral composed of cobalt sulfoarsenide, its ability to float is attributed to the presence of sulfur within its lattice structure. Cobalt, a versatile element with historical applications in dyeing, has gained strategic importance in recent times due to its utilization in alloys and lithium batteries. However, the scarcity of cobaltite in the Earth's crust has limited the extent of research conducted on its flotation. Nonetheless, previous studies have indicated that under specific conditions, cobaltite can indeed be floated. The objective of this particular study was to separate cobaltite minerals from magnetite and other associated minerals through the process of flotation. Initially, preliminary tests were conducted using Minitab software and Taguchi analysis. These tests revealed that the highest recovery rate, approximately 71%, was achieved at acidic pH levels (pH=4) using PAX as the collector. Subsequent additional tests were carried out, resulting in a recovery rate of 75% and a grade of 22.3%. One of the significant findings of this study was the influence of pH on the recovery of cobaltite when sulfhydryl collectors were employed. It was observed that cobaltite exhibited a considerably low recovery rate when the pH approached neutral or alkaline values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the phase transition of cobalt spinel (Co3O4) nanoparticles into Co3-xNixO4/CoO heterostructures by introducing varying amounts of nickel (x = 0.0–0.16) and subjecting the particles to high annealing temperatures of 1000 ℃. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the Co3-xNixO4CoO structure for all samples. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provided further insights into the phase or heterostructure of the samples after annealing, revealing the arrangement of the two phases. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurements demonstrated a band shift around 537 cm-1 with increasing Ni content, while ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) measurements indicated the energy band (Eg). Significant morphological changes were observed in scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements at 0.16 Ni, displaying irregular agglomerates. Our findings suggest that introducing Ni into the Co3O4 structure and increasing the annealing temperature to 1000 ℃ can lead to the formation of a heterostructured system. Furthermore, our study's significance is highlighted by the streamlined synthesis of NiCo2O4/CoO using the sol-gel method followed by calcination. This departure from complex techniques provides an efficient route to acquiring the NiCo2O4/CoO system, a promissory material for advancing supercapacitor research.

In this study, we investigated the phase transition of cobalt spinel (Co3O4) nanoparticles into Co3−xNixO4/CoO heterostructures by introducing varying amounts of nickel (x = 0.0–0.16) and subjecting the particles to high annealing temperatures of 1000 ℃. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the Co3−xNixO4CoO structure for all samples. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provided further insights into the phase or heterostructure of the samples after annealing, revealing the arrangement of the two phases. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurements demonstrated a band shift around 537 cm−1 with increasing Ni content, while ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) measurements indicated the energy band (Eg). Significant morphological changes were observed in scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements at 0.16 Ni, displaying irregular agglomerates. Our findings suggest that introducing Ni into the Co3O4 structure and increasing the annealing temperature to 1000 ℃ can lead to the formation of a heterostructured system. Furthermore, our study’s significance is highlighted by the streamlined synthesis of NiCo2O4/CoO using the sol-gel method followed by calcination. This departure from complex techniques provides an efficient route to acquiring the NiCo2O4/CoO system, a promissory material for advancing supercapacitor research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The thermal conductivity above room temperature is investigated for LaCoO3-based materials showing spin-state and insulator-metal crossovers. A positive temperature coefficient (PTC) of the thermal conductivity is observed during the insulator-metal crossover around 500 K. Our analysis indicates that the phononic thermal transport is also enhanced in addition to the electronic contribution as the insulator-metal crossover takes place. The enhancement of the phononic component is ascribed to the reduction of the incoherent local lattice distortion coupled with the spin/orbital state of each Co3+ ion, which is induced by the enhanced spin-state fluctuation between low and excited spin-states. Moreover, fine tunability for the PTC of the thermal conductivity is demonstrated via doping hole-type carriers into LaCoO3. The observed enhancement ratio of the thermal conductivity κT (773 K) / κT (323 K) = 2.6 in La0.95Sr0.05CoO3 is the largest value among oxide materials which exhibit a PTC of their thermal conductivity above room temperature. The thermal rectification ratio is estimated to reach 61% for a hypothetical thermal diode consisting of La0.95Sr0.05CoO3 and LaGaO3, the latter of which is a typical band insulator. These results indicate that utilizing spin-state and orbital degrees of freedom in strongly correlated materials is a useful strategy for tuning thermal transport properties, especially for designing thermal diodes.

The quest for sustainable and efficient energy conversion technologies has intensified research into advanced materials for electrochemical reactions, such as the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). Transition metal oxides have emerged as promising catalysts due to their abundance, low cost, and adjustable electronic properties. Among these, Nickel (Ni)-based compounds are particularly noteworthy for their catalytic activity and stability. This research paper explores the crucial impact of Nickel (Ni) substitution and introducing porosity on the valence states of metal ions and their mass transport in the context of OER and MOR. In this study, we present a step-by-step surfactant (Brij 58) assisted synthesis approach for the preparation of mesoporous Co 3 O 4 and NiCo 2 O 4. The synthesised material has been physiochemically characterised by Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopic/Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses. Additionally, the impact of these alterations on electrocatalytic activity, reaction kinetics, and electrochemical stability during OER/MOR has been explored by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), Tafel, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometric experiments. Mesoporous NiCo 2 O 4 exhibits exceptional electrocatalytic performance with current densities of 46.8 mA/cm2 for OER and 214.5 mA/cm2 for MOR at 550 mV. By shedding light on the intricate interplay between metal substitution, porosity, and valence states, this research aims to provide valuable insights for the evolution of enhanced cobaltite electrocatalysts for sustainable water splitting and MOR. [Display omitted] • This study explores the effects of Ni substitution and porosity on enhancing cobaltite's electrocatalytic performance for OER/MOR. • Porosity is introduced using a modified surfactant (Brij 58) assisted synthesis route. • Enhanced electrochemical performance is elucidated by CV, Tafel plots, Chronoamperometry, and EIS. • Mesoporous NiCo 2 O 4 stands out, displaying exceptional electrocatalytic performance with high current densities in both OER and MOR. • Mechanistic exploration and comparative analyses were pursued to illuminate the intricacies of electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cold sintering is a promising technology for preparing electronic materials, enabling densification at low temperature, but rarely employed for thermoelectrics. Herein, high-quality Ca 2.7 Bi 0.3 Co 3.92 O 9+δ ceramics were synthesised by a combination of cold sintering and annealing processes. Stoichiometric mixtures of raw materials were calcined once or twice at 1203 K for 12 h in air, and then cold sintered at 673 K for 60 min under a pressure of 85 MPa, followed by annealing at 1203 K for 12 h or 24 h in air. The effects of the calcination processes and annealing conditions on the thermoelectric performance of cold sintered samples were investigated. By optimising heat-treatment, the formation of secondary phases, texture development and porosity were controlled, leading to enhanced electrical conductivity and reduced thermal conductivity. Consequently, at 800 K there was 85% increase in power factor and 35% increase in ZT (value of 0.15) compared to previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mineral Processing Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aynak is the largest known copper deposit in Afghanistan, with indicated resources of 240 Mt grading 2.3% Cu placing it in the 'giant' category. Host rocks are Neoproterozoic metasediments comprising dolomitic marble, carbonaceous quartz schist and quartz-biotite-dolomite schist containing garnet, scapolite and apatite. Chalcopyrite and bornite dominate the hypogene ore with lesser pyrite, pyrrhotite, cobaltite and chalcocite, and rare sphalerite, molybdenite, uraninite and barite. Sulphides occur as bedding-parallel laminae, disseminations, metamorphic segregations and crosscutting veins. Sulphide δ34S ratios range –14.5 to +17.3‰ in bedded and disseminated sulphides (n = 34). This broad range favours biogenic reduction of seawater sulphate as a major source of sulphur, although thermochemical reduction processes are not precluded. The narrower δ34S range of –6 to +12.2‰ in vein and segregation sulphides (n = 21) suggests localized redistribution and partial homogenization during metamorphism. Geochemical associations suggest that Al, P, Ca, Ti and Fe were primary sedimentary constituents whereas Cu, Mg, S, Se, As, Co and Bi were introduced subsequently. We infer that Aynak originated as a shale- and carbonate-hosted stratabound replacement deposit, resembling orebodies of the Central African Copperbelt, although underlying red-beds are absent at Aynak and mafic volcanics were the probable copper source. These giant deposits formed worldwide in the Cryogenian probably due to marine enrichment in copper, magnesium and sulphate coincident with profuse basaltic volcanism and ocean oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world's shortage of raw materials favoures the interest towards mineral waste materials as a potential source of valuable metals and minerals. In the past century, mining and metallurgical activities of copper mines and smelters in Albania (Kurbnesh, Reps, Gjegjan, Kukës, Rubik, Lac, Rreshen) storaged various waste materials as waste rocks, flotation tailings, metallurgical slags and residues. To date, these "environmental hotspots" occur in old abandoned tailings storage facilities in Albania and present a serious risk of environmental damages and disasters like dam failures, ground water and surface water pollution. Even displacements of dry fine materials containing heavy metals by wind, could result in a permanent pollution of the surrounding area and finally of the Adriatic Sea. This research presents the characterisation and processing of tailings material from abandoned tailings from Kurbnesh (Albania) using mineralogical, physical and chemical methods. The processed tailings mainly consist of sulfides (10 wt %), Mg, Ca, Fe silicates (46 wt %) and quartz (40 wt %). Copper (0.15 wt %) and cobalt (0.03 wt %) were determined as major valuable metals and are distributed in chalcopyrite, cobaltite and cobaltiferous pyrite. These sulfide minerals were recovered by a collective flotation, followed by a selective flotation of the copper minerals. The recovery of the sulfide minerals in a desulfurization route results in obtaining of reprocessed tailings with a low acid-generating potential. Additionally, the magnetic separation was tested to separate accompanied valuable minerals—complex Mg, Ca, Fe silicates from quartz—to recover them as a by-product and to minimize the storaged volume of reprocessed tailings. Finally, a possible usage of the obtained mineral products is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources / Kuangchan Zonghe Liyong is the property of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A copper-cobalt ore in Africa contains copper 2.11% and cobalt 0.090%. The cobalt is difficult to be recovered because the cobalt grade is lower relatively, and also the cobalt mineral grain size is not uniform, and the symbiosis relationship between chalcopyrite and pyrite is complex, which seriously affect the recovery of cobalt minerals. According to the properties of the raw ore, the flotation flowsheet of priority in order of copper and cobalt was adopted, combined with the use of high-efficiency selective collector BKAP, the comprehensive recovery of copper and cobalt resources was realized. The copper concentrate obtained in the laboratory had a copper grade of 35.08% and a copper recovery of 93.42%. The grade of cobalt concentrate is 2.27% and the recovery of cobalt is 51.82%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physical properties of the nanocrystalline SrCo0.9Mn0.1O3-δ sample prepared by citrate-gel method have been investigated. The sample crystallizes in rhombohedral crystal symmetry with space group R32/155. Temperature dependence of zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) magnetization exhibit paramagnetic to ferromagnetic (PM-FM) transition at 164 K. The high temperature and low temperature synthesized phases show different magnetic ground state. The deviations in magnetization data around magnetic ordering temperature are also studied using the Langevin function. This attributed to the presence of intrinsic superparamagnetic (SPM) nanocluster contribution. Temperature dependence of average cluster moment is calculated and found to be maxima near transition temperature. The temperature dependence electrical resistivity of the samples shows semiconducting-like behavior for the studied range of temperature. The conduction mechanism of the samples has been analyzed using Mott's variable range hopping model to calculate the density of states in the vicinity of Fermi energy (N (EF)) and hopping distance (Rh). All electrical parameters vary systematically and are in good agreement with other reported semiconducting oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural and magnetic behavior of a series of new cobaltite Y1-xYbxBaCo4O7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5), prepared using the conventional solid state reaction method have been investigated. Increasing Yb content leads to the increase in magnitude of magnetic moment and decreases the ferromagnetic transition (Tc) values. It is found that the predominant antiferromagnetic character of exchange interactions between cobalt ions, a ferromagnetic component, seemed to be strong enough to be detected still at room temperature. Our findings show that these materials exhibit ferromagnetic like transition at about Tc = 91 K, 80 K, 67 K, 55 K, 51 K and 45 K for composition x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5, respectively. We found that these materials exhibit spin-glass like state which dominates at low temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of nanostructured La 0.6 Sr 0.4 CoO 3 (LSC) samples synthesized under confinement conditions within porous templates. Using this method, we obtained de-agglomerated nanoparticles, which provide us with the feasibility of applying them in nanoparticle films that can be tailored to intricate geometries. We specifically explored the impact of pore size of the template on key parameters including saturation magnetization (M S), Curie temperature (T C), maximum entropy change (ΔS), and relative cooling power (RCP). Our findings reveal enhancements in those quantities, that are likely to be related with the nanostructure of the samples, indicating the potential of nanostructured LSC as an active material for magnetic refrigeration devices. Our alternative approach of synthesizing magnetocaloric materials under confinement conditions presents an exciting prospect for future research and development in the field. • For the first time we investigated the magnetocaloric properties of nanostructured tubes of La 0.6 Sr 0.4 CoO 3 perovskites. • The Curie temperature, saturation magnetization and coercive filed is affected by changing the morphology on the samples. • A favorable impact on the magnetocaloric effect can be achieved by nanostructuring La 0.6 Sr 0.4 CoO 3 perovskites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Detailed investigation on the impacts of prospective gold-cobalt ore processing. • Focus on hydrometallurgical extraction methods for cobalt as by-product. • HSC Sim used to model processes and compile life cycle inventories for evaluation. • Pressure leaching, roasting, ultra-fine grinding, and three crude products examined. • Results used to inform process selection based on sustainability criteria. The increasing demand for battery metals, such as cobalt, increases the attractiveness of conventionally overlooked raw materials, such as small multi-metal deposits. With the length of mining and extractive metallurgy projects, it is advantageous to evaluate possible processing routes well in advance with a variety of tools, such as experimental, piloting, simulation, and life cycle assessment. In this study, simulation-based life cycle assessment was used to compare the baseline of only recovering gold from sulfidic Au-Co-(Cu-As) ores to five scenarios where both gold and cobalt were recovered, the latter as battery grade cobalt sulfate heptahydrate. Technical performance and several impact categories affecting climate change, ecosystems, and human health, were investigated to assess the advantages and drawbacks of each option. The environmental competitiveness varied between different studied scenarios vs. observed impact categories. The baseline process - with no cobalt recovery - had the lowest energy and global warming impacts but fared worse in toxicity categories. Pressure leaching scenario achieved low toxicities but was shown to be environmentally highly intensive in all other categories. The pyrometallurgical-hydrometallurgical roasting-leaching process resulted in the lowest environmental impacts in most of the studied categories. However, in terms of acidification and photochemical oxidant creation, the fine grinding-leaching process was the best option. In all studied scenarios the major technical challenge was found to be the stabilization of arsenic, yet the technical issues can effectively be resolved by treating the arsenical and non-arsenical concentrates in separate processes. In the current results, the temporal boundary, allocation choice, and current lack of experimental work remain major sources of uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Nanocrystalline Ba 1-x Sr x Co 0.9 Mn 0.1 O 3-δ samples have been synthesized in 2H- and mixed 2H + 12H-hexagonal phases. • Study on Iso-structural and phase-dependent influence of Sr-doping. • Magneto-structural properties have been elaborated using spin projection model and superparamagnetic clusters. • Inclusion of 12H-phase changes magnetic ground state of the system. • Phase-dependent influence of Sr-doping on magneto-transport properties. Abstract We have investigated the impact of Sr-doping on physical properties of the nanocrystalline Ba 1-x Sr x Co 0.9 Mn 0.1 O 3-δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) samples synthesized by using sol–gel method under different annealing temperature. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the nanocrystalline samples annealed at 900 °C show 2H-type hexagonal stacking sequence which consist of one-dimensional chain of face sharing octahedra. With increase in annealing temperature, samples crystallize in mixed 2H + 12H-hexagonal polytypes, exhibiting additional terminal sharing tetrahedra. The magneto-structural properties influenced by annealing temperature under different Sr-doping level have been elaborated using spin model projection and superparamagnetic cluster contribution. The inclusion of 12H-phase showed higher magnetic moment contribution compared with single 2H-phase. The studied nanocrystalline samples show semiconducting-like electrical transport properties. The phase dependent electrical transport properties of the nanocrystalline samples have been studied using variable range hopping and small polaron hopping conduction mechanism. The synthesized samples exhibit moderate negative magnetoresistance for a field change of 5 T in the vicinity of the magnetic ordering. The numerical value of magnetoresistance suppresses with increase in Sr-doping and it shows the 2H-type hexagonal phase dominance. The relation between magnetization and electrical resistivity around the magnetic ordering temperature is well explained using magnetoresistance data and magnetization isotherms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Inzynieria Mineralna is the property of Polskie Towarzystwo Przerobki Kopalin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The magnetic and structural transitions in rhombohedral La0.7Sr0.3Co1 – xNbxO3 and cubic La0.3Sr0.7Co1 – xNbxO3 have been studied as a function of Nb content and temperature by using of neutron and X-ray diffraction. The increase in the Nb concentration leads to the gradual increase in the lattice volume and significant decrease in the magnetic moment which completely disappears at the niobium doping level higher than 0.1. No essential structure changes and rhombohedral distortions have been found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the structural, magnetic, and electrical transport response of nanocrystalline SrCo0.5Mn0.5O $_{3-\delta }$ compound synthesized by the sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction pattern shows that the sample crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal structure with cubic stacking at room temperature. The compound retains its structural symmetry down to 20 K. The transmission electron microscopy image confirms the surface morphology of the nanocrystalline sample, and the average particle size was found to be ~90 nm. Temperature dependence magnetization data show bifurcation in the zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) magnetization measured under the applied magnetic field of 500 Oe with onset irreversible temperature $T_{\mathrm {irr}} \sim 242$ K. At low temperature, the small peak has been observed in ZFC curve, suggesting the spin blocking below $T_{B}\sim 35$ K. The peak has disappeared on the application of higher magnetic field, and the magnitude of bifurcation has also been reduced. The electrical transport data reveal semiconducting such as behavior and follow Mott’s variable range hopping (VRH) conduction mechanism in the temperature range 260–300 K. The density of states in the vicinity of Fermi energy is found to be N $(E_{F}) \sim 5.702 \times 10^{18}$ eV $^{-1}\cdot \text {cm}^{-3}$ using the VRH fit. The density of state value is in good agreement with the other reported semiconducting oxides. It shows maximum positive magnetoresistance of ~7% at 200 K for the magnetic field change of 3 T. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista ION is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A new CeO 2 -Co 3 O 4 nanocomposite was obtained from Metal-Organic frameworks (MOFS). The morphological investigation confirms homogeneous distribution of phases in the composite. The electrocatalytic properties for OER were investigated in alkaline medium and an overpotential of 366 mV was observed, similar to or higher than other CeO 2 -based materials. [Display omitted] Although water splitting is an efficient method to synthesize H 2 , the development of new electrocatalysts is required to improve the economic viability of this process. In this way, the search for new methodologies to obtain new high-performance electrocatalysts based on Earth-abundant metals has gained urgent attention over the past decade. Thus, this work reports the synthesis of a new CeO 2 /Co 3 O 4 nanocomposite obtained using Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as a sacrificial mold, applied as electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER). CeO 2 /Co 3 O 4 was obtained from the MOF-Ce@ZIF-67 composite (MOF-Ce = cerium succinate, ZIF-67 = Zeolitic-Imidazolate Framework-67) using calcination at 350 °C in air. The electrocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), confirming the crystalline phases and average crystallite size of 31 nm. The FT-IR spectrum indicates the main M−O vibration modes of cobaltite and ceria. UV–VIS results show charge transfer and d-d bands related to cobalt and cerium ions. SEM images reveal irregular morphology; however, a homogeneous elemental distribution was observed in the EDS maps. The electrocatalytic performance of the CeO 2 /Co 3 O 4 for the OER was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, linear scanning voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, in an aqueous basic solution (KOH 1.0 mol/L). The electrochemical tests show an excellent overpotential of 366 mV (at J = 10 mA cm−2) and chemical stability until 15 h. The Tafel slope was 92.6 mV dec-1 and the double layer capacitance was found to be 3.19 mF. These results show similar or superior electrocatalytic performance compared to other ceria-based materials in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]