67 results on '"city square"'
Search Results
2. A Systematic Review of Outdoor Thermal Comfort Studies for the Urban (Re)Design of City Squares.
- Author
-
Mandić, Lazar, Đjukić, Aleksandra, Marić, Jelena, and Mitrović, Biserka
- Abstract
In the upcoming period, city squares' urban redesign will be crucial in achieving sustainable development goals. This study presents a systematic review of OTC-related studies for the urban design of city squares using the PRISMA 2020 methodology. A review included a total of 173 papers from 2001 to 2023. The results identified five study types—clusters based on four pre-defined criteria: study approach, data collection methods, time duration, and primary objectives. The clusters indicate that more than half of all studies are related to the comparison of thermal comfort and heat mitigation measures. Most of the case studies were located in one of three climate zones: temperate oceanic (Cfb) (58 studies), hot summer Mediterranean (Csa) (40 studies), or humid subtropical (Cfa) (28 studies). The most common geometry of the analyzed urban square is medium-sized, is rectangular, and has dominant axel orientation south–north. Also, based on all five clusters, several research gaps were identified, appropriate for future research: the majority of studies related to the traditionally considered climate areas, no typology of urban square geometry configuration based on OTC assessment, and the lack of a local design model for assessing and improving the thermal comfort of city squares. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
No additional results were found in
Catalog
3. Konsekwencje rozbudowy dworca kolejowego w Otwocku dla kształtowania centrum miasta w odniesieniu do wybranych europejskich przykładów.
- Author
-
SOBIERAJSKA, IZABELA
- Abstract
Copyright of Builder (1896-0642) is the property of PWB MEDIA Zdzieblowski sp.j. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Eksplorasi Etnomatika dalam Tatanan Bangun Ruang dan Bangun Datar Pada Kawasan Alun-Alun Kota Surabaya.
- Author
-
Salsabila, Achmad Fachril Yusuf Ababil, Sharenada Norisdita Wahyudi, Moh. Aditya Sirojul Hilmi, Panreshma Rizkha Ambadar, and dan Dian Yuliati
- Abstract
Mathematics is a science that has been studied from elementary to high school and continues to be developed up to university. Mathematical concepts can be linked to social and cultural concepts called ethnomathematics. Ethnomathematics in community life can be implemented in the form of buildings. This research aims to explore geometric shapes and explain mathematical concepts in the Surabaya City Square building as an effort to help understand geometric concepts in flat shapes and spatial shapes. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach and literature study. The research results show that Surabaya City Square is a historic building that implements geometric concepts in terms of buildings. Mathematical concepts in the shape of the Surabaya City Square building include the concept of flat shapes consisting of rectangles, triangles, trapezoids, circles and ellipses, as well as the concept of spatial shapes consisting of triangular prisms, blocks, tubes and balls. It is hoped that this research can provide understanding and make learning interesting, especially in mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
5. Identification of land system transformations in the Rzeszów city square
- Author
-
Karol Noga, Anna Sikora, Monika Siejka, Eduardo Natividade-Jesus, Carlos Moreira, and Izabela Skrzypczak
- Subjects
city square ,rzeszów ,cadastral map ,land parcels ,transformation ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
The paper presents the results of a comparative study of the land system of the city square and adjacent buildings for Rzeszów in Poland. The study made use of a cadastral map at a scale of 1:2880 and a modern land and building record map. For the purpose of adjusting reference systems, the cadastral map recorded in the form of a digital raster image, in accordance with applicable provisions of polish law (Journal of Laws No. 263 §49), was subjected to a two-stage calibration. The first stage consisted in carrying out initial calibration with the employment of first-degree affine transformation. In the second stage, final calibration was performed using mathematical transformation that considered the distortions detected in the previous stage. The results showed shifts, consolidations, and divisions of land parcels with regard to the present state, and changes to property structure. The proposed method may prove useful for further research on historical urban system morphology, and on restoration and renewal of the urban tissue. more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. CULTURAL HERITAGE AS AN INITIATOR OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT: THE CITY SQUARE IN BRČKO
- Author
-
Slobodan Bulatović
- Subjects
cultural heritage ,urban development ,city square ,quality criteria ,city of brčko ,Architecture ,NA1-9428 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Locations, where cultural heritage is located are potential drivers of urban development due to their importance in the urban space and social community. These buildings worldwide influence cities' economic, sociological and urban development. Such a case can be seen in the town square in Brčko. This square is the subject of analysis to examine cultural heritage's influence on urban development. The paper examines the importance of cultural heritage buildings in urban development by analyzing planning documents based on which cultural heritage mapping was done. After that, the quality of the town square in the Brčko area was determined with the help of specific quality criteria. The results indicated the role of cultural heritage buildings in driving urban development. Based on the results, guidelines and recommendations were given for adequate inclusion of cultural heritage in urban development. more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Experiencing the corona effect in the city square through Lefebvre's spatial trialectic: the case of Afyonkarahisar.
- Author
-
Okuyucu, Şerife Ebru and Çoban, Gamze
- Subjects
PLAZAS ,SPACE ,LITERATURE reviews ,COVID-19 pandemic ,SPATIAL filters ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The aim of the study is to filter the behavioural and spatial practices of subjects who experience/practice the square with respect to Lefebvre's trialectic space approach and place them to an analytic plane in the context of reading the dynamics in the city square of Afyonkarahisar during the corona days when decisions and prohibitions taken by the government are applied. The article is an experimental study and important data regarding the space-oriented practices and dynamics in Afyonkarahisar city square during the corona days have been obtained by adopting monitoring/observing and experiencing methods and reading the theoretical and conceptual framework of Lefebvre's spatial approach theory related to the literature review. Images, actions, government policies and behavioural patterns of people in the square on the determined important dates have been accepted as empirical findings of the field study. Findings that have been obtained have been read again through subjects who experience/practice Afyonkarahisar urban square during the coronavirus pandemic in the context of Lefebvre's trialectic space approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Identification of land system transformations in the Rzeszów city square.
- Author
-
Noga, Karol, Sikora, Anna, Siejka, Monika, Natividade-Jesus, Eduardo, Moreira, Carlos, and Skrzypczak, Izabela
- Subjects
- *
URBANIZATION , *AFFINE transformations , *URBAN renewal , *MATHEMATICAL transformations , *DIGITAL image processing - Abstract
The paper presents the results of a comparative study of the land system of the city square and adjacent buildings for Rzeszów in Poland. The study made use of a cadastral map at a scale of 1:2880 and a modern land and building record map. For the purpose of adjusting reference systems, the cadastral map recorded in the form of a digital raster image, in accordance with applicable provisions of polish law (Journal of Laws No. 263 §49), was subjected to a two-stage calibration. The first stage consisted in carrying out initial calibration with the employment of first-degree affine transformation. In the second stage, final calibration was performed using mathematical transformation that considered the distortions detected in the previous stage. The results showed shifts, consolidations, and divisions of land parcels with regard to the present state, and changes to property structure. The proposed method may prove useful for further research on historical urban system morphology, and on restoration and renewal of the urban tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Financial Feasibility of Harvesting Rainwater from Permeable Pavements: A Case Study in a City Square.
- Author
-
Klein, Caio Wolf, Maykot, Jéssica Kuntz, Ghisi, Enedir, and Thives, Liseane Padilha
- Subjects
- *
PLAZAS , *RAINWATER , *WATER harvesting , *PAVEMENTS , *RAINWATER analysis , *DRINKING water - Abstract
The objective of this study was to carry out the financial feasibility analysis of harvesting rainwater from permeable pavements in a city square. A case study was carried out in a square close to the beach in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil. Questionnaires were applied to pedestrians who circulate within the area. The square is to be implemented to promote sustainability and improve the user's quality of life. From the rainfall data and the average daily water demand for irrigation of the square vegetation, the volume of rainwater to be harvested from the permeable pavement was calculated. The rainwater demand was estimated as 662 L/day. The implementation and operation costs of the pavement and irrigation systems were evaluated. The potential for potable water savings was 89.8%. The payback period was estimated as 347 months. This study showed that rainwater collected from permeable pavements is financially feasible and represents a promising technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. The Tradition and Symbols of a Place in Shaping Public Spaces through the Example of the Transformation of Litewski Square in Lublin, Poland.
- Author
-
Bal, Wojciech, Czałczyńska-Podolska, Magdalena, and Szymski, Adam
- Abstract
Litewski Square is widely known as the place where the Lithuanian envoys camped to attend the Union Sejm in 1569. Today, Litewski Square represents a space of transformation. The urban public spaces of the square have been rebuilt several times, each instance delineating a distinct rendering of tradition and history. In this article, the evolution of the square is presented in order to analyse three main aspects. Over the years and under changing political conditions, its meaning, role, and function have shifted. Traditions and symbols that shape the space of the square have changed; these changing symbols have influenced how the meaning and functionality of the square have evolved over time. The research methodology of this paper is based on historical and interpretative studies. This form of analysis made it possible to identify the successive stages of the transformation of Litewski Square and, accordingly, in the context of changing political conditions, identify the elements that are important for the meaning of the square today. Litewski Square has evolved from an urban space with a clearly defined function to a multifunctional public space: from a memorial square into a modern space of leisure and entertainment. This paper argues that the accumulation of commemorative elements and directly adjacent recreational spaces give the impression of a lapidary, the constituent elements of which devalue each other. What this means is that, even as the number of commemorative symbolic elements have increased, their status is degraded, as well as that of Litewski Square as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Living Infrastructure
- Author
-
Reimers, Kai, Johnston, Robert B., Riemer, Kai, editor, Schellhammer, Stefan, editor, and Meinert, Michaela, editor
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Financial Feasibility of Harvesting Rainwater from Permeable Pavements: A Case Study in a City Square
- Author
-
Caio Wolf Klein, Jéssica Kuntz Maykot, Enedir Ghisi, and Liseane Padilha Thives
- Subjects
city square ,permeable pavements ,potable water savings ,rainwater ,financial analysis ,Science - Abstract
The objective of this study was to carry out the financial feasibility analysis of harvesting rainwater from permeable pavements in a city square. A case study was carried out in a square close to the beach in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil. Questionnaires were applied to pedestrians who circulate within the area. The square is to be implemented to promote sustainability and improve the user’s quality of life. From the rainfall data and the average daily water demand for irrigation of the square vegetation, the volume of rainwater to be harvested from the permeable pavement was calculated. The rainwater demand was estimated as 662 L/day. The implementation and operation costs of the pavement and irrigation systems were evaluated. The potential for potable water savings was 89.8%. The payback period was estimated as 347 months. This study showed that rainwater collected from permeable pavements is financially feasible and represents a promising technique. more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Historyczny plac miejski od nowa: transformacja funkcjonalno-przestrzenna. Studium przypadku.
- Author
-
ADAMSKA, MONIKA EWA
- Abstract
Copyright of Builder (1896-0642) is the property of PWB MEDIA Zdzieblowski sp.j. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Investigation of Urban Microclimate Parameters of City Square in Harbin
- Author
-
Jin, Hong, Cui, Peng, Huang, Meng, and Sayigh, Ali, editor
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. ANIT HEYKEL VE MİMARLIK: YAVUZ GÖREY’İN BURDUR ANITLARI.
- Author
-
ÖZYILDIRAN, GÜLER
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Akdeniz Sanat is the property of Akdeniz University, Faculty of Fine Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. 基于RANS的城市广场空气质量评价及健康场所指引.
- Author
-
闫 利, 胡 纹, and 尹名强
- Abstract
Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Square Design of Mountain Cities: A Case Study of Shiyan Broadcasting Media Center Square.
- Author
-
Yi YANG, Ping TAO, and Muran YANG
- Subjects
- *
BROADCASTING studios , *PUBLIC spaces , *PLAZAS , *MOUNTAINS , *LANDSCAPE design - Abstract
City squares are an important part of urban public spaces and play an important role in improving the quality of urban landscapes. For mountain cities, city squares with mountainous characteristics formed by its special geographical environment, which have more identifiability and uniqueness than that in plain cities, have greater influence on the promotion of city image. Their unique regional cultural characteristics and local customs and practices have shaped the totally different temperament of mountain cities. Based on the dialectical relationship between the square, the landscape and the culture, this paper took Shiyan Broadcasting Media Center Square for example to explore the ideas of landscape design in mountain cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. SYMBOL (IZED) TOWN SQUARES.
- Author
-
BEKAR, Makbulenur and İSMAİLOĞLU, Semiha
- Abstract
Cities are important residential areas that offer comfortable living facilities to people. Cities with many features in the foreground are often remembered with their features. The word "symbol", which is the symbol in the sense of the word, affects the cities today and is also used in expressing the cities. The squares are among the important symbols of the cities to present the past. The squares are among the important symbols of the cities of the present day. This occurs often domestic / foreign tourists to go to, are among the places to be seen. It even has been among the most important reasons to opt for the place of the city. These areas, which we can call as the symbols that are symbolized in this process, are identified with the concept of identity of the cities. From home and abroad, İzmir Konak Square, Istanbul-Sultanahmet Square, Moscow-Red Square, Beijing-Tiananmen Square and Paris-Concorde Square are among these examples. These examples also affect the identity formation of cities. In this study symbol scope from the world and Turkey (the carcasses) town square were examined. The effects of these squares on the cities were studied in the city-identity-square triangle. It is emphasized that symbolic squares have a prescription at the primary level in terms of identity formation in the rapidly increasing deposition process and the need to preserve it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. CLOCK TOWERS AS THE FOCUS OF CITY SQUARE: THE CHANGING SCALE OF NUSRETİYE CLOCK TOWER.
- Author
-
GELMEZ, Elif and ALTINTAŞ, Meriç
- Abstract
Copyright of Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art & Communication is the property of Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art & Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Experiencing the corona effect in the city square through Lefebvre’s spatial trialectic: the case of Afyonkarahisar
- Author
-
Gamze Çoban and Şerife Ebru Okuyucu
- Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Government ,Lefebvre ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Context (language use) ,Cell Biology ,Space (commercial competition) ,Trialectic space approach ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Field (geography) ,Epistemology ,Coronavirus ,Conceptual framework ,Reading (process) ,Square (unit) ,Original Article ,Sociology ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,City square ,Afyonkarahisar ,Biotechnology ,media_common - Abstract
The aim of the study is to filter the behavioural and spatial practices of subjects who experience/practice the square with respect to Lefebvre’s trialectic space approach and place them to an analytic plane in the context of reading the dynamics in the city square of Afyonkarahisar during the corona days when decisions and prohibitions taken by the government are applied. The article is an experimental study and important data regarding the space-oriented practices and dynamics in Afyonkarahisar city square during the corona days have been obtained by adopting monitoring/observing and experiencing methods and reading the theoretical and conceptual framework of Lefebvre’s spatial approach theory related to the literature review. Images, actions, government policies and behavioural patterns of people in the square on the determined important dates have been accepted as empirical findings of the field study. Findings that have been obtained have been read again through subjects who experience/practice Afyonkarahisar urban square during the coronavirus pandemic in the context of Lefebvre’s trialectic space approach. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The Evolution of Moral Planning in the City of México-Tenochtitlan.
- Author
-
Guillermo Serés
- Subjects
colonial urbanism ,city square ,indigenous Indian villages ,humanistic design ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
I analyse the three great theoretical axes or foundational ideas regarding the new colonial city (grid planning, bucolicism, and the continuity of European urbanism), which were not completed in their entirety, as the original plan was “frustrated” and a return was then made to the city-square model. The city did not integrate the Indians within its core; rather, it confined them in its spatial restraint, and the vaunted bucolicism petered out into outskirts of a less than “civilised” kind. What was, in effect, the pillaging of earlier civilisations served only to adorn or complement this new urban planning. more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The Tradition and Symbols of a Place in Shaping Public Spaces through the Example of the Transformation of Litewski Square in Lublin, Poland
- Author
-
Wojciech Bal, Magdalena Czałczyńska-Podolska, and Adam Szymski
- Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Building and Construction ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,cultural heritage ,city square ,Litewski Square ,monuments ,public space ,Poland ,symbols - Abstract
Litewski Square is widely known as the place where the Lithuanian envoys camped to attend the Union Sejm in 1569. Today, Litewski Square represents a space of transformation. The urban public spaces of the square have been rebuilt several times, each instance delineating a distinct rendering of tradition and history. In this article, the evolution of the square is presented in order to analyse three main aspects. Over the years and under changing political conditions, its meaning, role, and function have shifted. Traditions and symbols that shape the space of the square have changed; these changing symbols have influenced how the meaning and functionality of the square have evolved over time. The research methodology of this paper is based on historical and interpretative studies. This form of analysis made it possible to identify the successive stages of the transformation of Litewski Square and, accordingly, in the context of changing political conditions, identify the elements that are important for the meaning of the square today. Litewski Square has evolved from an urban space with a clearly defined function to a multifunctional public space: from a memorial square into a modern space of leisure and entertainment. This paper argues that the accumulation of commemorative elements and directly adjacent recreational spaces give the impression of a lapidary, the constituent elements of which devalue each other. What this means is that, even as the number of commemorative symbolic elements have increased, their status is degraded, as well as that of Litewski Square as a whole. more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Transformation of Villas to Mosques Social Impact of Islamization On The Government Center of Java In The Late 20th Century
- Author
-
Muh Saerozi and Muh Saerozi
- Abstract
Islamization of Java becomes an actual topic of religious social research because the phenomena not only relate to religious discourse but also other aspects. This research focuses on the Islamization of the government center of Salatiga Central Java. The aims of this study are: to find the academic answer to why Islamization occurred in the government center of Salatiga in Central Java, to find out the Islamization process underway, to describe the dominant factors affecting Islamization, and to describe the impact of Islamization on religious life around the central government. The benefit of this research is to contribute the theories of Islamization of Government center of Java in the late of 20th century. This study is a descriptive research and causality analysis. The events were limited to those of 1985 to 2018. The data were sourced from the archives, inscription, news, interviews, and literature. The results of the study found that the Islamization of the Salatiga government center was carried out because the infrastructure was still European patterned. The actualization of Muslim religiosity was not well supported by this infrastructure. The symbol of Islamization is the transformation of the villa on the west of the city square into a mosque. The Islamization was successful because of the symbiotic factors between political parties, rulers, scholars, Islamic universities, and religious organizations. There was no significant impact yet on the improvement of spiritual and social lives around the government center. This study enriches theories about the symbiotic relations of religions, politics, and social changes in Java in the late 20th century. more...
- Published
- 2021
24. AIKŠTĖ KAIP URBANISTINĖS ERDVĖS TIPAS. TARP SOCIALINĖS FUNKCIJOS IR ERDVINIŲ DIMENSIJŲ.
- Author
-
Alistratovaitė-Kurtinaitienė, Inesa
- Abstract
A square is one of the elements of a city's morphological structure. The balance between its volume and space, as well as its social content are the topics that are often discussed by professionals of urban design. In addition to being an element of spatial structure, a city square also performs social functions (it provides a space for festive gatherings, commemorations, public get-togethers, shortterm public recreation, socialisation, etc.). The term "public space" basically refers to the functional aspect, while the term "square" primarily denotes geometrical parameters. The current paper presents some insights into the aspect of urban design of squares treating it as a composition of volume and space with a social function. It sets the criteria for the formation of a square on the basis of the earlier studies of squares (as structural elements) found in professional literature, while focusing on the principles of formation of urban space (a search for concrete compositional and structural solutions). These criteria constitute the basis for a comparative analysis of squares (in central parts of cities rather than old towns) in the context of the common European cultural framework. The paper aims to find out if today, 25 years after the restoration of independence in Lithuania, these squares need to be transformed or merely adjusted (improved). This question, like the issue of status (both physical and social), which still has not been established in some Baltic cities and states, is frequently raised at various levels (professional, political and social). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2015
25. La evolución de la traza moral de la ciudad de México-Tenochtitlan
- Subjects
Pueblos de indios ,Diseño humanístico ,Humanistic design ,Plaza mayor ,Indigenous indian villages ,Urbanismo colonial ,Colonial urbanism ,City square - Published
- 2021
26. The influence of spatiotemporal radial road on the outdoor thermal environment.
- Author
-
Su, Yuan, Wang, Yupeng, Wang, Chanjuan, Zhao, Qinfeng, He, Yingdong, Zhou, Dian, and Zhou, Nan
- Abstract
The urban planning of squares with open space and the radioactive road is often seen in many cities. It forms a particular type of landscape and affects the traffic system and urban microclimate. However, the influence of city square spatial morphological indicators on the thermal environment at pedestrian height has not been studied well. This study took the most representative Zhongshan Square of Dalian as the case, the city with the most squares in China. The measurement analysis found that the central air temperature of the square is severe higher than the fixed points 250 m away, with a difference between 4.5 °C and 1.7 °C. The road location in the same orientation was the primary factor affecting the air temperature by 1.0 °C in the 500 m range by mobile measurement. The air temperature in the east-west was higher than in the north-south. The simulation results within 500 m proved that road orientation also affects air temperature. In the same direction, three types of roads with a significant height difference of buildings, broad streets, and straight roads will be conducive to ventilating and create a better thermal environment. This work contributes to urban planning development and decision-making around similar city squares with road networks. • The thermal environment around the circle square-centered radial road was studied. • The case chose the city with the most squares as its core node in China, Dalian. • The spatial form factors affected the thermal environment of 10 radial roads. • This study verified a positive correlation between road width and air temperature. • The radial roads layout is a distinctive and meaningful approach to urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Организация городских площадей в бывших промышленных районах срединной зоны Милана
- Subjects
общественное пространство ,Милан ,новый урбанизм ,city square ,new urbanism ,городская площадь ,промышленность ,industrial ,Milan ,Бовиза ,public space ,Bovisa - Abstract
В статье рассматриваются современные международные объемно-пространственные решения площадей. На данный момент в Милане современные площади или общественные пространства являются одним из катализаторов развития срединной зоны города. Район Бовиза на северо-востоке Милана пример того, как развиваются бывшие промышленные районы города и как внедряются новые площади в срединную зону Милана., This article analyses the spatial development of contemporary city squares around the world. At the moment, contemporary city squares or public spaces are one of the catalysts of the development of the middle/transition zone of Milan. The Bovisa neighborhood in the north-east part of Milan is an example of how ex-industrial areas of the city are changing and how new city squares are being infiltrated in the transition zone of Milan. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Miestų aikštės: jų pertvarkymo patyrimas ir rezultatai
- Author
-
Liucijus Dringelis
- Subjects
city ,city square ,public space ,reconstruction of square ,landscape architecture ,Architecture ,NA1-9428 - Abstract
Political, social, economic, aesthetic and other aspects led to start of reconstruction and renovation of important public spaces – squares – of the most cities of the country. This article aims to review some of the rebuilt city squares and give a preliminary assessment of this reconstruction experience. Estimation of selected squares has been made in the following aspects: the purpose of the square, its design, equipment, greenery and vitality. It was found that in accordance to the reconstruction character, they can be conditionally divided into two groups: 1) squares, the design and regulation of which correspond to the purpose to be visited and used by people for leisure and communication; and 2) squares, the priority of reconstruction of which was a formal design, without a broader research and needs assessment, so they ended up little visited and empty. Seeking for better quality of reconstructed squares, it is necessary to better discuss these questions, initiate public fora with residents and specialists, and conduct professional expertise. Santrauka Pastaruoju laikotarpiu daugelyje šalies miestų vyko ir vyksta svarbiausių jų viešųjų erdvių – miestų aikščių – pertvarkymas ar atnaujinimas, kurį lėmė politiniai, socialiniai, ekonominiai, estetiniai ir kt. pokyčiai. Šio straipsnio tikslas apžvelgti kai kurių miestų pertvarkytas aikštes ir pateikti preliminarų jų rekonstrukcijos rezultatų įvertinimą. Pasirinktos aikštės buvo vertinamos šiais aspektais: aikštės paskirtis, jos suplanavimas, įranga, apželdinimas bei gyvybingumas. Nustatyta, kad pagal pertvarkymo pobūdį viešosios erdvės sąlygiškai gali būti suskirstytos į dvi grupes: 1) aikštės, kuriose suplanavimas ir tvarkymas atitinka jų paskirtį, todėl jos lankomos ir naudojamos gyventojų poilsiui ir bendravimui; 2) aikštės, kurias tvarkant prioritetas suteikiamas formaliam jų dizainui, neatliekant platesnių tyrimų ir nevertinant poreikių, todėl šios aikštės yra mažai lankomos, tuščios. Siekiant pertvarkomų aikščių planavimo kokybės pagerinimo, būtina šiais klausimais plačiau diskutuoti, aptarinėti su visuomene ir specialistais bei atlikti profesionalią jų projektų ekspertizę. First Publish Online: 22 May 2013 Reikšminiai žodžiai: miestas, miesto aikštė, viešoji erdvė, aikštės pertvarkymas, kraštovaizdžio architektūra. more...
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. MIESTŲ AIKŠTĖS: JŲ PERTVARKYMO PATYRIMAS IR REZULTATAI.
- Author
-
Dringelis, Liucijus
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC space design & construction , *AESTHETICS , *CITIES & towns , *CITY blocks , *LEISURE - Abstract
Political, social, economic, aesthetic and other aspects led to start of reconstruction and renovation of important public spaces - squares - of the most cities of the country. This article aims to review some of the rebuilt city squares and give a preliminary assessment of this reconstruction experience. Estimation of selected squares has been made in the following aspects: the purpose of the square, its design, equipment, greenery and vitality. It was found that in accordance to the reconstruction character, they can be conditionally divided into two groups: 1) squares, the design and regulation of which correspond to the purpose to be visited and used by people for leisure and communication; and 2) squares, the priority of reconstruction of which was a formal design, without a broader research and needs assessment, so they ended up little visited and empty. Seeking for better quality of reconstructed squares, it is necessary to better discuss these questions, initiate public fora with residents and specialists, and conduct professional expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Etnography of Public Space: Media Usage and Face-to-face Communication in City Squares
- Author
-
Vukomanović, Mateja, Čuvalo, Antonija, Leinert-Novosel, Smiljana, and Vozab, Dina
- Subjects
face-to-face communication ,city square ,etnografija ,izravna komunikacija ,odsutnost ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Information and Communication Sciences. Journalism ,prisutnost ,ethnography ,public space ,gradski trg ,javni prostor ,media use ,upotreba medija ,mjesto ,place ,absence ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Informacijske i komunikacijske znanosti. Novinarstvo ,presence ,mobiteli ,mobile phones - Abstract
Ovo etnografsko istraživanje želi dublje razumjeti medijsku upotrebu i izravnu komunikaciju medijske publike u javnim prostorima. Sve većom dostupnošću i razvojem tehnologije u suvremenim društvima, mediji su nam svugdje i uvijek dostupni pa tako i na gradskim trgovima. Zbog nedovoljne istraženosti upotrebe medija u javnim prostorima općenito, ovaj rad pokušava razumjeti načine upotrebe medija i značenja koja im medijska publika pridaje u okolnostima javnog prostora kao što su gradski trgovi, ali i načine isprepletenosti izravne komunikacije s komunikacijom na daljinu i drugim oblicima upotrebe medija. Važnost trgova i mobilnih uređaja u društvenom suvremenom životu isprepliću se u ovom etnografskom istraživanju koje je provedeno na dva zagrebačka trga, Trgu bana Josipa Jelačića i Trešnjevačkom trgu, a za koji su bitni i provedeni etnografski intervjui. Ova studija otkriva kako urbani pješaci na gradskim trgovima koriste medije kao vrstu izolacije od fizičkog okruženja, ali češće dolazi do oblika odsutne pristutnosti ili izvjesnog osjećaja mjesta, nego do potpune izolacije. Isto tako, važan nalaz ovog rada je i u činjenici da izravna komunikacija na gradskim trgovima često biva isprepletena s istovremenom upotrebom medija, prvenstveno mobilnih uređaja. Zaključujem kako je upotreba medija ukorijenjena u načine habitacije gradskih trgova, ali i kako je izravna komunikacija vrlo bitna za vrijeme sastajanja parova i grupa na prostorima dvaju zagrebačkih trgova., This ethnographic study aims to better understand how media audiences use media and face-to-face communication in public space. With the growing availability and fast development of new technologies in contemporary societies, we are witnessing the ubiquity of media in city squares, among other settings. Due to the lack of research around the topic of media in public spaces in general, this project explores media usage and meanings given to it by media audiences in public spaces such as city squares. This study will also discover the interweaving nature of media use, such as communication with absent others, and face-to-face communication. The importance of city squares and mobile phones in contemporary social life are central points of this ethnographic study undertaken in two city squares in Zagreb, Croatia – Ban Josip Jelačić Square and Trešnjevački Square. With the help of field notes and ethnographic qualitative interviews, this study confirms that urban pedestrians use media as a means of isolation from physical surroundings, but that it is more often solely a form of absent presence or a form of a certain sense of place rather than complete isolation. Moreover, another important finding of this research is the fact that face-to-face communication is frequently immediate with media usage, primarily mobile phone usage. I conclude that media usage is rooted in the forms of habitation in city squares, just as face-to-face communication is of great value to pair and group meetings in spaces of two Zagreb squares. more...
- Published
- 2019
31. Etnografija javnih prostora: upotreba medija i izravna komunikacija na gradskim trgovima
- Author
-
Vukomanović, Mateja and Čuvalo, Antonija
- Subjects
face-to-face communication ,city square ,etnografija ,izravna komunikacija ,odsutnost ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Information and Communication Sciences. Journalism ,prisutnost ,ethnography ,public space ,gradski trg ,javni prostor ,media use ,upotreba medija ,mjesto ,place ,absence ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Informacijske i komunikacijske znanosti. Novinarstvo ,presence ,mobiteli ,mobile phones - Abstract
Ovo etnografsko istraživanje želi dublje razumjeti medijsku upotrebu i izravnu komunikaciju medijske publike u javnim prostorima. Sve većom dostupnošću i razvojem tehnologije u suvremenim društvima, mediji su nam svugdje i uvijek dostupni pa tako i na gradskim trgovima. Zbog nedovoljne istraženosti upotrebe medija u javnim prostorima općenito, ovaj rad pokušava razumjeti načine upotrebe medija i značenja koja im medijska publika pridaje u okolnostima javnog prostora kao što su gradski trgovi, ali i načine isprepletenosti izravne komunikacije s komunikacijom na daljinu i drugim oblicima upotrebe medija. Važnost trgova i mobilnih uređaja u društvenom suvremenom životu isprepliću se u ovom etnografskom istraživanju koje je provedeno na dva zagrebačka trga, Trgu bana Josipa Jelačića i Trešnjevačkom trgu, a za koji su bitni i provedeni etnografski intervjui. Ova studija otkriva kako urbani pješaci na gradskim trgovima koriste medije kao vrstu izolacije od fizičkog okruženja, ali češće dolazi do oblika odsutne pristutnosti ili izvjesnog osjećaja mjesta, nego do potpune izolacije. Isto tako, važan nalaz ovog rada je i u činjenici da izravna komunikacija na gradskim trgovima često biva isprepletena s istovremenom upotrebom medija, prvenstveno mobilnih uređaja. Zaključujem kako je upotreba medija ukorijenjena u načine habitacije gradskih trgova, ali i kako je izravna komunikacija vrlo bitna za vrijeme sastajanja parova i grupa na prostorima dvaju zagrebačkih trgova. This ethnographic study aims to better understand how media audiences use media and face-to-face communication in public space. With the growing availability and fast development of new technologies in contemporary societies, we are witnessing the ubiquity of media in city squares, among other settings. Due to the lack of research around the topic of media in public spaces in general, this project explores media usage and meanings given to it by media audiences in public spaces such as city squares. This study will also discover the interweaving nature of media use, such as communication with absent others, and face-to-face communication. The importance of city squares and mobile phones in contemporary social life are central points of this ethnographic study undertaken in two city squares in Zagreb, Croatia – Ban Josip Jelačić Square and Trešnjevački Square. With the help of field notes and ethnographic qualitative interviews, this study confirms that urban pedestrians use media as a means of isolation from physical surroundings, but that it is more often solely a form of absent presence or a form of a certain sense of place rather than complete isolation. Moreover, another important finding of this research is the fact that face-to-face communication is frequently immediate with media usage, primarily mobile phone usage. I conclude that media usage is rooted in the forms of habitation in city squares, just as face-to-face communication is of great value to pair and group meetings in spaces of two Zagreb squares. more...
- Published
- 2019
32. Efecto frontera. Elaboración sobre la Plaza Centenario en Mexicali
- Author
-
Peimbert Duarte, Alejandro José, Méndez Sáinz, Eloy, Peimbert Duarte, Alejandro José, and Méndez Sáinz, Eloy
- Abstract
The investigation belongs to Centenario Plaza, located on New River area, in the border city of Mexicali, Mexico. The aim of this article is to show how this public space synthesizes the border effect, understanding it in its spatial and political dimensions. For this, it is explained its architecture, the plastic work that constitutes it, and the conditions of the immediate surroundings, providing conceptual elements associated with the categories interstice, place and plateau. Also, certain latent tensions are exposed between practices of allocation and appropriation of public space. The problem is addressed from urban cultural studies, seeking a methodology that articulates urban anthropology and urban-architectural analysis. Ethnographic research was done over three years, privileging participant observation; this, is combined with the descriptions of buildings, infrastructures and other structures., El texto se refiere a la Plaza Centenario, situada en la zona del Río Nuevo de la ciudad fronteriza de Mexicali, México. El objetivo del artículo es exponer cómo es que este espacio público sintetiza el efecto frontera, entendiendo a esta en sus dimensiones espaciales y políticas. Para ello, se trata su arquitectura, la obra plástica que la constituye y las condiciones del entorno inmediato, aportando elementos conceptuales asociados a las categorías intersticio, lugar y meseta. También, se exponen ciertas tensiones latentes entre prácticas de asignación y apropiación del espacio público. La problemática se aborda desde los estudios culturales urbanos, procurando una metodología que articula antropología urbana y análisis urbano-arquitectónico. Se hizo investigación etnográfica a lo largo de tres años, privilegiando la observación participante; esta se conjuga con las descripciones de edificios, infraestructuras y otros elementos construidos. more...
- Published
- 2018
33. Border Effect. Elaboration on Centenario Plaza in Mexicali
- Author
-
Peimbert Duarte, Alejandro J. and Méndez, Eloy
- Subjects
Border city ,Espacio público ,Plaza cívica ,Public space ,City square ,Ciudad fronteriza - Published
- 2018
34. Clock towers as the focus of city square: The changing scale of nusretiye clock tower
- Author
-
Elif Gelmez and Meriç Altintaş
- Subjects
City Square ,Nusretiye Clock Tower ,Architecture ,Tophane Barracks ,Expropriation ,Istanbul ,Tophane - Abstract
Tophane, with its historical and cultural heritage, is acknowledged to be one of the most significant districts of Istanbul. Formerly known for its gardens, the district has acquired a different identity after the Ottoman conquest of Istanbul in 1453. Tophane-i Amire, being the imparial armory which was established in the Ottoman period did not only name the region, but also altered the social and cultural profile of the district to a great extent. The region has suffered the great fires of Istanbul and been damaged many times by them, thus the architectural texture it possesses had undergone many changes both due to these disasters as well as political and governmental adjustments of the authority. In time, the growth and continuous territorial expansion of Ottoman dominion necessitated the innovations and advancements in the military along with the construction of additional buildings to the Tophane facilities. Together with the additional buildings, the area had once again acquired a distinct identity where civil and military architectural examples coexist. Following the effects of industrialization seen in the late 19th century, the escalating growth of the city, beginning in the early 20th century, has reached levels that prevent the perception of the integrity among Tophane facilities. After 1950, the starting of customs house constructions and the expropriation policies had changed Tophane beyond all recognition. Being completed in the second half of the 19th century, Nusretiye (Tophane) clock tower is known to be the first clock tower of Istanbul. During the period of its construction, the clock tower had been in the center of the military drill field, defining a circumferential open space by itself. However, due to the expropriation policy of the 1950s, it was taken to another spot where the customs buildings had been located. With this study, a brief examination of Nusretiye clock tower has been conducted to understand its relation to the surroundings with a projection from past to present. To analyze and discuss the established relationships in depth, the Tophane Square and the Tophane Barracks, as architectural representatives of the region and era, were also included in the scope of the study. The study aimed to reveal and present the current conditions of the clock tower, to remark the significance of the surrounding architectural interactions in the perception of an architectural heritage and to discuss the effects of the changes made to the Tophane district. more...
- Published
- 2018
35. La evolución de la traza moral de la ciudad de México-Tenochtitlan
- Author
-
Serés, Guillermo
- Subjects
Pueblos de indios ,Diseño humanístico ,Humanistic design ,Plaza mayor ,Indigenous indian villages ,colonial urbanism ,city square ,indigenous Indian villages ,humanistic design ,Urbanismo colonial ,urbanismo colonial ,plaza mayor ,pueblos de indios ,diseño humanístico ,Colonial urbanism ,City square - Abstract
Analizo los tres grandes ejes teóricos o ideas fundacionales de la nueva ciudad colonial (planificación hipodámica, bucolismo y pervivencia del urbanismo europeo), que no se cumplieron en su integridad, porque la traza original se «frustró» y se volvió al modelo de plaza mayor. La ciudad no integró a los indios en su seno, sino que los confinó en las reducciones, y el supuesto bucolismo acabó en arrabales poco «civilizados. Los despojos, en fin, de las civilizaciones anteriores sirvieron únicamente para adornar o complementar la nueva traza urbanística., I analyse the three great theoretical axes or foundational ideas regarding the new colonial city (grid planning, bucolicism, and the continuity of European urbanism), which were not completed in their entirety, as the original plan was "frustrated" and a return was then made to the city-square model. The city did not integrate the Indians within its core; rather, it confined them in its spatial restraint, and the vaunted bucolicism petered out into outskirts of a less than "civilised" kind. What was, in effect, the pillaging of earlier civilisations served only to adorn or complement this new urban planning. more...
- Published
- 2017
36. Research on Country City Plaza Fitness Culture.
- Author
-
LIU Kun
- Abstract
City Plaza fitness culture is the important part of city culture. It can meet the need of city residents of Multiculturalism, and it take an important role in promoting on the construction of spiritual civilization of the city. Chinas city square fitness culture is becoming a kind of fashion culture, commanding a broad mass base. It has times, geographical, cultural and educational charactetistics. Through to our country city plaza fitness culture study, it is aimed to further clarify the city plaza fitness culture connotation, value and important role. It is hopeful that this can promote prosperity for our country city plaza fitness culture and provide the necessary theoretical support for its course of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2012
37. Town squares : experience and results of the reconstruction
- Author
-
Liucijus Dringelis
- Subjects
city square ,Aikštės pertvarkymas ,reconstruction of square ,City ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Lithuanian cities ,NA1-9428 ,public space ,Viešosios erdvės / Public spaces ,Urban Studies ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,city ,Lietuva ,Kraštovaizdis / Landscape ,Reconstruction of square ,Architecture ,landscape architecture ,Town planning ,Viešoji erdvė ,Architektūra / Architecture ,Miestai ir miesteliai / Cities and towns ,City square - Abstract
Town squares: experience and results of the reconstruction Political, social, economic, aesthetic and other aspects led to start of reconstruction and renovation of important public spaces – squares – of the most cities of the country. This article aims to review some of the rebuilt city squares and give a preliminary assessment of this reconstruction experience. Estimation of selected squares has been made in the following aspects: the purpose of the square, its design, equipment, greenery and vitality. It was found that in accordance to the reconstruction character, they can be conditionally divided into two groups: 1) squares, the design and regulation of which correspond to the purpose to be visited and used by people for leisure and communication; and 2) squares, the priority of reconstruction of which was a formal design, without a broader research and needs assessment, so they ended up little visited and empty. Seeking for better quality of reconstructed squares, it is necessary to better discuss these questions, initiate public fora with residents and specialists, and conduct professional expertise. Article in Lithuanian. Santrauka.Pastaruoju laikotarpiu daugelyje šalies miestų vyko ir vyksta svarbiausių jų viešųjų erdvių– miestų aikščių– pertvarkymas ar atnaujinimas, kurį lėmė politiniai, socialiniai, ekonominiai, estetiniai ir kt. pokyčiai. Šio straipsnio tikslas apžvelgti kai kurių miestų pertvarkytas aikštes ir pateikti preliminarų jų rekonstrukcijos rezultatų įvertinimą. Pasirinktos aikštės buvo vertinamos šiais aspektais: aikštės paskirtis, jos suplanavimas, įranga, apželdinimas bei gyvybingumas. Nustatyta, kad pagal pertvarkymo pobūdį viešosios erdvės sąlygiškai gali būti suskirstytos į dvi grupes: 1) aikštės, kuriose suplanavimas ir tvarkymas atitinka jų paskirtį, todėl jos lankomos ir naudojamos gyventojų poilsiui ir bendravimui; 2) aikštės, kurias tvarkant prioritetas suteikiamas formaliam jų dizainui, neatliekant platesnių tyrimų ir nevertinant poreikių, todėl šios aikštės yra mažai lankomos, tuščios. Siekiant pertvarkomų aikščių planavimo kokybės pagerinimo, būtina šiais klausimais plačiau diskutuoti, aptarinėti su visuomene ir specialistais bei atlikti profesionalią jų projektų ekspertizę. Reikšminiai žodžiai: miestas, miesto aikštė, viešoji erdvė, aikštės pertvarkymas, kraštovaizdžio architektūra. First Publish Online: 22 May 2013 more...
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. [Air quality assessment and health site guidelines for city squares based on RANS method].
- Author
-
Yan L, Hu W, and Yin MQ
- Subjects
- Cities, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Wind, Air Pollutants analysis, Air Pollution analysis, Air Pollution prevention & control
- Abstract
The concentration of pollutants and pathogens in the air directly affects human health. When the pollution source remains unchanged, effective ventilation determines air quality. It is therefore critically needed to establish a quantitative determination index for effective ventilation, which can be used for real-time evaluation of air quality in specific areas, so as to guide residents to choose healthy outdoor activity places. In this study, Reynolds average Navier-Stokes (RANS) method was used to establish urban air pollution simulation system by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology. The correlations among wind speed, pollutant concentration, and pollutant diffusion efficiency were analyzed. With real-time meteorological data, wind field simulation and air quality evaluation were carried out for different periods of urban square space. The results showed that the critical wind speed value at pedestrian height (1.5 m) for the effective diffusion of pollutants was 1.0 m·s
-1 , which could be used as an air quality evaluation standard. With reference to this judgment index and the real-time weather system link, the pedestrian height wind speed distribution could be obtained through simulation. Therefore, the spatial variation of air quality could be visually displayed in real time, which help realize fair, efficient and reasonable use of urban space resources. This work could provide guidelines for choosing healthy outdoor venues, and provide technologies and means for public disease prevention and health promotion. more...- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Square as a type of urban space : between social functions and spatial dimensions
- Author
-
Alistratovaitė-Kurtinaitienė, Inesa
- Subjects
Aspects of evaluation ,Central part of the city ,Square ,Kultūrinis identitetas / Cultural identitity ,Aikštės sąvoka ,Urban solution ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Character of a square ,Urban solutions ,Local identity ,Aikštės charakteris ,Miestai ir miesteliai / Cities and towns ,City square ,Character of a ,Criterion - Abstract
Straipsnyje nagrinėjama miesto aikštė urbanistiniu aspektu, kaip masės ir erdvės kompozicija su socialinės funkcijos turiniu. Pateikiamos aikštės sąvokos versijos žodynuose, įstatymuose, aptariama aikštės sąvokos formuluotė urbanistiniame kontekste. Formuluojami kriterijai aikštės formavimui anksčiau atliktų aikštės (kaip struktūrinio elemento) tyrimų pagrindu profesinės literatūros šaltiniuose, skiriant dėmesį urbanistinės erdvės formavimo principams (konkrečių kompozicinių-struktūrinių sprendinių paieškai). Aptariamas aikštės charakterio tapatumas, priklausomai nuo jos geografijos mieste. Straipsnis aktualus urbanistikos ir architektūros profesinio lauko tyrėjams bei kaip bibliografinė rodyklė aikštės fenomeno suvokimui urbanistikoje. A square is one of the elements of a city’s morphological structure. The balance between its volume and space, as well as its social content are the topics that are often discussed by professionals of urban design. In addition to being an element of spatial structure, a city square also performs social functions (it provides a space for festive gatherings, commemorations, public get-togethers, shortterm public recreation, socialisation, etc.). The term “public space” basically refers to the functional aspect, while the term “square” primarily denotes geometrical parameters. The current paper presents some insights into the aspect of urban design of squares treating it as a composition of volume and space with a social function. It sets the criteria for the formation of a square on the basis of the earlier studies of squares (as structural elements) found in professional literature, while focusing on the principles of formation of urban space (a search for concrete compositional and structural solutions). These criteria constitute the basis for a comparative analysis of squares (in central parts of cities rather than old towns) in the context of the common European cultural framework. The paper aims to find out if today, 25 years after the restoration of independence in Lithuania, these squares need to be transformed or merely adjusted (improved). This question, like the issue of status (both physical and social), which still has not been established in some Baltic cities and states, is frequently raised at various levels (professional, political and social). more...
- Published
- 2015
40. The Report on the Form of City Square in Great Britain : The Field Survey of City Squares in Foreign Countries No.19
- Author
-
Satoru, ASHIKAWA, Tomomi, KANEKO, Akiko, TAKAGI, and Tomoko, KAMOI
- Subjects
community space ,フィールド調査 ,city square ,open space ,都市広場 ,field survey ,空地 ,コミュニティー空間 - Abstract
This was a rather small-scaled survey compared with previous ones and we drove 2694 km in 2 weeks in a limited area in Scotland and England. The number of city squares surveyed this time was 38 in 24 cities including London. Among them 15 squares were so-called 'street type', 16 were 'non-street type' with the open area in the shape of a square, and 7 were a combination of the `street type' and the `square type'. We also looked at various stone symbolic "Crosses" that stood in many squares. more...
- Published
- 2006
41. The Report on the Form of City Squares in North India : The Field Survey of City Squares in Foreign Countries No.18
- Author
-
Satoru, ASHIKAWA, Tomomi, KANEKO, Yoshiko, TSURUTA, Akiko, TAKAGI, and Youko, TOKUNAGA
- Subjects
community space ,フィールド調査 ,ヒンドゥー教 ,city square ,open space ,都市広場 ,field survey ,空地 ,コミュニティー空間 ,ガート ,Hinduism ,ghat - Abstract
Though our trip was limited to 13 days, we investigated the city squares and open spaces of 10 cities in the northern Indian states of Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. The cities included the capital Delhi, Jodhpur a fort city in a desert-like climate, Pushkar spreading around the circumference of a sacred lake, Jaipur famous for its pink stone buildings, the Islamic city Ajmer, Abhaneri known for stairwells called kunda, a small fort city Roopangarh, Mathura along the Yamuna, old historic Agra, and the sacred place Varanasi. So far the field work has revealed that in those cities with Hinduism and among a great variety of chaotic elements, there is a real demarcation of the 'sacred' and 'secular' in the community spaces. Ghat, for instance, might function as the threshold between 'repose' and 'life'. The choice of the above 10 cities, though not sufficient in number, gave us this insight. more...
- Published
- 2005
42. The Report on the Form of City Squares in Bali : The Field Survey of City Squares in Foreign Countries No.16
- Author
-
Satoru, ASHIKAWA, Tomomi, KANEKO, Yoshiko, TSURUTA, Akiko, TAKAGI, and Tami, TANSEI
- Subjects
community space ,フィールド調査 ,city square ,open space ,集落センター ,village center ,都市広場 ,field survey ,空地 ,コミュニティー空間 - Abstract
We carried out our Bali island investigation in 2004. The people of Bali are for the most part Hindi whereas generally speaking the people of Indonesia are followers of Islam. In this way Bali is unique in Indonesia. The researchers stayed in Bali for a short duration and within 6 days, visited 12 cities or villages and investigated their open spaces including the city squares in 3 cities and 5 villages. Among them in the following 5 villages Sembiran, Penglipuran, Bugbug, Tenganan and Tihingan, the researchers could get gratifying results finding the basic space composition of the typical Balinese community. All 5 villages revealed the similar notion that people live with the Gods; community spaces and village centers are prepared in such a way that the Gods can alight when they descend. In other words, it means that the Balinese built their villages under the auspices of Hindu Gods. more...
- Published
- 2005
43. The Report on the Form of City Squares in Southwest France : The Field Survey on City Squares in Foreign Countries No.17
- Author
-
Satoru, ASHIKAWA, Yoshiko, TSURUTA, and Akiko, TAKAGI
- Subjects
la Halle ,フィールド調査 ,city square ,open space ,center of the city ,都市広場 ,バスティード ,field survey ,市場 ,空地 ,都市センター ,Bastide - Abstract
We carried out the European city square investigation in 2004. This survey supplemented the investigation of No.15 in which 3 'Bastides' are reported. There exist a lot of 'Bastides' which the English and French armed forces built in the 13th century that developed into cities. In this investigation the authors researched the squares of 34 cities limited to southwest France driving a total of 2,789km. Among 34 cities, 31 cities originated from medieval 'Bastides'. The initial scale of the cities was all small, and the typical type of 'Bastide' was composed of a square at the center of the city. The researchers classified the extant squares of 34 'Bastides' (31 in this report plus 3 in the previous) into 5 types. The most common types, 1 and 2, contain 'la Halle' which means a marketplace at the center of a square. Types 3 and 4 are open spaces without 'la Halle' and a church is adjacent to or outside of the square. In type 5, miscellaneous squares other than those considered to belong to types 1 through 4 are shown. more...
- Published
- 2005
44. Assessment Of Urban Identity Characteristics In Public Places: A Case Study Of Ortaköy Square
- Author
-
Erdoğan, Başak Damla, Ayataç, Hatice, Kentsel Tasarım, and Urban Design
- Subjects
Kelimeler: Kent Kimliği ,City Square ,Kentsel Mekan ,Ortaköy ,Urban Identity ,Ortaköy Square ,Public Place ,Meydan - Abstract
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2011, Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2011, Kent kimliği, kullanıcı ve kentsel mekan arasındaki örüntüyü inceleyen bu çalışmada, literatür taraması ve foto-analiz yöntemiyle kent kimliği karakteristiklerinin varlığı incelenmiş, alan çalışması olarak kimlik yönünden zenginliği bir çok çalışmada vurgulanmış olan Ortaköy Meydanı seçilerek, bu mekanda başarılı bir kentsel mekan olma özellikleri sınanmıştır. Genel kavramlar olan mekan ve kimlik kavramlarından özele doğru gidilerek kentsel mekan ve kent kimliği olguları detaylandırılmıştır. Kent meydanı kavramı da derinleştirilmiş ve böylece alan çalışmasının anlaşılmasına zemin hazırlanmıştır. Başarılı bir kentsel mekanın olmazsa olmaz kriterinin kimlik unsurları ve kent kimliğini yansıtmak olduğunu vurgulayan bu çalışma, Ortaköy Meydanı’nın birçok kent kimliği karakteristiğini taşıdığını ortaya koyarak, bu karakteristiklerin mekanı ve kullanıcıları nasıl etkilediğini belirtmiştir., This study indicates the relationship between urban identity, public place and citizens by using the methods which are literature research and photo-analysis. To clarify the importance of the urban identity characteristics in successful public places, Ortaköy Square is chosen for the case study. The study area is a public place that the richness of urban identity characteristics was defined in the researches before. In this study, the main terms are urban identity and public places that detailed in the terms of place and identity. Additionally the notion of city square is deepened in this study to be grasped the structure of the case study area. This study emphasizes the necessity of the urban identity characteristics for creating a successful public place and presents that Ortaköy Square has many urban identity characteristics and attracts users by help of those., Yüksek Lisans, M.Sc. more...
- Published
- 2011
45. From a Public Space to a Shopping Mall: The Case of City Square in Bursa, Turkey
- Author
-
Polat, Sibel, Dostoğlu, Neslihan, and Mimarlık Fakültesi / Faculty of Architecture Mimarlık / Architecture
- Subjects
urban regeneration ,City Square ,Bursa ,public sphere ,physical and social dilapidation ,Central Garage ,public space - Abstract
In recent years, many new projects have been prepared for neglected public spaces which have lost their functions in different cities of Turkey, either by means of private commissions or competitions. However, this process has generally resulted either in the complete disappearance of public spaces or the transformation of public spaces to transit areas or more controlled spaces like shopping malls. The Central Garage, which was constructed in 1961 as the largest garage of the Balkans and which was used for thirty five years as the terminal of Bursa is an interesting example for this subject. After the Central Garage lost its function as a terminal, it was abandoned, and experienced physical and social dilapidation for a long time, and was finally transformed into a shopping mall. This paper aims to evaluate the process during which the Central Garage was transformed from a public space to a shopping mall in Bursa. more...
- Published
- 2011
46. Urban Regeneration and Local Expectations: The Case of the Central Garage District, Bursa-Turkey
- Author
-
Polat, Sibel, Dostoğlu, Neslihan, and Mimarlık Fakültesi / Faculty of Architecture Mimarlık / Architecture
- Subjects
City Square ,Bursa ,Urban regeneration ,Local participation ,Central Garage ,Social inclusion - Abstract
In recent years, different arguments have been made about urban regeneration in Turkey, similar to many other countries in the world. Instead of a comprehensive approach suggesting new partnerships between local authorities and citizens, urban regeneration in Turkey has been generally used as a populist instrument of local authorities mostly to produce physical solutions for political gains in the short run. In this study, the case of Central Garage District in Bursa will be discussed as an example of urban regeneration implementation which started with the aim of rehabilitating a neglected urban area, but which resulted in an urban regeneration process deprived of social/cultural and organizational aspects. more...
- Published
- 2010
47. Urbana tipologija: gradski trg u Srbiji
- Author
-
Djokić, Vladan
- Subjects
urbana tipologija ,architecture ,city square ,urban morphology ,urban typology ,urbanism ,gradski trg ,arhitektura ,urbanizam ,urbana morfologija - Abstract
The manuscript titled "Urban Typology: City Square in Serbiaâ", by the author dr Vladan Djokić is one of the rare recent domestic works within the field of urban morphology and typology, which owing to the high standard of its scientific and professional competence can be considered the fundamental contribution to this discipline. Urban morphology and typology are the fields in which key interests, professional and creative potentials have been focused, and also the identity of the theory and practice of urbanism and architecture. The basic phenomenon and notion of "the city square", for the urban morphology is as priority the synonym for the urban form as the "vessel", "shell", "tissue"... which houses the social community and its activities, equally as its memory and public values. In his research, Mr. Djokić combines several methods, above all the comparative analyses of the theoretical sources, ideas and practical applications of the examples of the urban forms, which are immanent to the morphological theory, namely to the history and theory of the urban planning and design. At the same time, the author is also assisted by the corresponding methodological tools of the urban history and the history of architecture and art. Thus this manuscript acquires an enviable level of relevance in versatile study of the city square, contributing to its more complete and rich scientific clarification. The particular value, same as the specific and even original contribution of this work and its author to the contemporary city building practice, reconstruction, renovation and protection of the urban heritage, is recognized in recommen-dation and guidelines for the development of the city square in Serbian cities, which are derived from the previous referenced researches. That is an enormous effect for the environment, society and builders who in some foreseeable future will not suffer from the excess of the public-mindedness and surplus of the builder wisdom and skill. Rukopis pod naslovom "Urbana tipologija: Gradski trg u Srbiji" autora dr Vladana Đokića, predstavlja jedno od retkih recentnih domaćih dela iz oblasti urbane morfologije i tipologije, koje se zbog visokog standarda svoje naučne i stručne kompetentnosti može smatrati fundamentalnim doprinosom ovoj discilini. Urbana morfologija i tipologija su područja u koje su fokusirani ključni interesi, stručni i kreativni potencijali, pa i identitet teorije i prakse urbanizma i arhitekture. Bazičan fenomen i pojam "gradski trg", za urbanu morfologiju je prioritetno sinonim za urbanu formu kao "posudu", "ljusku", "tkivo"...koji udomljuju socijalnu zajednicu i njene aktivnosti, jednako kao i njenu memoriju i građanske vrednosti. U svom istraživanju Đokić kombinuje više metoda, pre svega komparativne analize teorijskih izvora, ideja i praktičnih primera urbanih formi, imanentne morfološkoj teoriji, odnosno istoriji i teoriji urbanog planiranja i dizajna. Istovremeno, autoru pomažu i odgovarajući metodološki alati urbane istorije i istorije arhitekture i umetnosti. Tako ovaj rukopis dobija zavidan nivo relevantnosti u raznostranom izučavanju gradskog trga, doprinoseći njegovom potpunijem i bogatijem naučnom osvetljavanju. Posebna vrednost, koliko i specifičan, pa i originalan doprinos ovog dela i njegovog autora našoj savremenoj praksi gradograđenja, rekonstrukcije, obnove i zaštite gradskog nasleđa, prepoznaje se u preporukama i smernicama za razvoj gradskog trga u gradovima Srbije, koje se deriviraju iz prethodnih refrerentnih istraživanja. To je ogroman učinak za sredinu, društvo i graditelje koji u dogledno vreme neće patiti od viška građanske svesti i suficita graditeljske mudrosti i veštine. more...
- Published
- 2009
48. Recent changes of square design in Vilnius Old Town: semantic aspect
- Author
-
Novickas, Audrius
- Subjects
Design ,Vilnius. Vilniaus kraštas (Vilnius region) ,historic ,design ,Žiniasklaida / Media ,Conservation ,Historic development ,Vilnius Old Town ,Transformacija ,Transformation ,renovation ,Vilniaus senamiestis ,Renovacija ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Miestai ir miesteliai / Cities and towns ,semantics ,development ,Renovation ,transformation ,conservation ,public square ,Public square ,Sociokultūrinis kontekstas ,Old Town ,Semantics ,Istorinė raida ,sociocultural context ,Sociocultural context ,City square ,Meninis pavidalas - Abstract
Recent changes of square design in Vilnius old town: semantic aspect During the last ten years quite a few city squares in Vilnius went through the renovation process. Refreshed designs and aesthetic qualities of renovated public spaces were discussed rather widely in mass and scientific media. At the same time no considerable attention was paid to the impact of elements in new square compositions on the semantic codes of public spaces. The paper analyses the semantic aspect of changed public squares on the basis of the data collected upon field investigation as well as information from media on the intentions of all sides involved in the renovation process (municipality officials, developers, architects, artists). The main task of the work is to define the messages communicated by new elements in square design and to determine their relation to the rapidly changing sociocultural context of the Lithuanian capital. New square compositions are investigated in the context of the historic development of the same public spaces emphasizing the fact that previous designs were produced in accordance with changing concept of public spaces. A conclusion is made that recent changes in square design in most cases are directed towards conservation rather than transformation of the meaning of the space. New square designs stress upon defensive rather than communicative features of the public space in spite of democratic changes in the Lithuanian society. Article in Lithuanian. Santrauka Semantiniu aspektu nagrinėjami Vilniaus miesto aikščių meninio pavidalo pokyčiai, įvykę per pastarąjį dešimtmetį.Bandoma išsiaiškinti, kokias reikšmių slinktis lėmė viešųjų erdvių renovacija. Atskleidžiami svarbiausių miesto aikščiųmeninių pavidalų ir jų sociokultūrinio konteksto istorinės raidos charakteringiausi bruožai, išryškinami ankstesnių laikotarpiųir šiandien vykstančių renovacijų skirtumai. Tyrime naudoti duomenys, gauti integruojant lauko tyrimus ir žiniasklaidoje pateiktąinformaciją apie kai kurių Vilniaus aikščių naujausių meninių pavidalų ženklinį charakterį. Atskleidžiamos prieštarostarp šių dienų sociokultūrinio konteksto ir aikščių naujųjų meninių pavidalų semantinio turinio. Reikšminiai žodžiai: miesto aikštė, Vilniaus senamiestis, semantika, meninis pavidalas, transformacija, istorinė raida,sociokultūrinis kontekstas. First published online: 21 May 2013 more...
- Published
- 2007
49. Radnice v Přerově
- Author
-
Jura, Pavel, Dvořák, Tomáš, Sedláček, Jan, Jura, Pavel, Dvořák, Tomáš, and Sedláček, Jan
- Abstract
Jak pojmout v demokratické společnosti svrchovanou budovu, hlavu města - radnici?, How to, in a democratic society, design such a leading institution - a head of the city - city hall?
50. Radnice v Přerově
- Author
-
Jura, Pavel, Dvořák, Tomáš, Sedláček, Jan, Jura, Pavel, Dvořák, Tomáš, and Sedláček, Jan
- Abstract
Jak pojmout v demokratické společnosti svrchovanou budovu, hlavu města - radnici?, How to, in a democratic society, design such a leading institution - a head of the city - city hall?
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.