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Introduction: Huntington disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder. Thanks to predictive diagnosis, incipient clinical characteristics have been described in the prodromal phase. Objective: To compare performance in cognitive tasks of carriers (HDC) and non-carriers (non-HDC) of the huntingtin gene and to analyse the variability in performance as a function of disease burden and proximity to the manifest stage (age of symptom onset). Method: A sample of 146 participants in a predictive diagnosis of HD programme were divided into the HDC (41.1%) and non-HDC groups (58.9%). Mathematical formulae were used to calculate disease burden and proximity to the manifest stage in the HDC group; these parameters were correlated with neuropsychological performance. Results: Significant differences were observed between groups in performance on the Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), Stroop-B, Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and phonological fluency. In the HDC group, correlations were observed between disease burden and performance on the MMSE, Stroop-B, and SDMT. The group of patients close to the manifest stage scored lowest on the MMSE, Stroop-B, Stroop-C, SDMT, and semantic verbal fluency. According to the multivariate analysis of covariance, the MMSE effect shows statistically significant differences in disease burden and proximity to onset of symptoms. Conclusions: Members of the HDC group close to the manifest phase performed more poorly on tests assessing information processing speed and attention. Prefrontal cognitive dysfunction appears early, several years before the motor diagnosis of HD. Resumen: Introducción: La enfermedad de Huntington (EH) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo y hereditario, gracias al diagnóstico predictivo se han descrito características clínicas incipientes en la fase prodrómica. Objetivo: Comparar la ejecución en tareas cognitivas de portadores (PEH) del gen de la huntingtina y no portadores (NPEH) y observar la variabilidad en la ejecución, dependiendo de la carga de la enfermedad y cercanía a la etapa manifiesta (edad de inicio de síntomas). Método: 146 participantes de un Programa de Diagnóstico Predictivo de EH (PDP-EH) se dividió en PEH (41.1%) y NPEH (58.9%). Mediante fórmulas matemáticas se obtuvo la carga de enfermedad y cercanía a la etapa manifiesta en el grupo PEH y se correlacionó con la ejecución neuropsicológica. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias significativas entre grupos en MMSE, Stroop-B, SDMT y fluidez fonológica. En el grupo PEH se observaron correlaciones entre la carga de enfermedad con el MMSE, Stroop-B y SDMT. El grupo “Cerca” a la etapa manifiesta es el que obtiene la puntuación más baja en el MMSE, Stroop-B, Stroop-C, SDMT y fluidez verbal semántica. De acuerdo al MANCOVA el efecto MMSE evidencia diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre carga de la enfermedad y cercanía de inicio de síntomas. Conclusiones: Se observa un nivel menor de desempeño en el grupo PEH con probabilidad de inicio cercano de la fase manifiesta, en pruebas que evalúan velocidad de procesamiento y atención. La disfunción cognitiva prefrontal se altera de manera precoz, varios años antes del diagnóstico motor de la EH.

Objective: Determine the annual economic burden of the disease from an institutional perspective and based on GINA's recommended classification in a retrospective cohort of adults treated at Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER) of Mexico City. Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal observational study comprised by data from 247 female asthma patients, annual direct costs were estimated including: visits, laboratory tests, pharmacological treatment and management of crisis or exacerbations, to determine the annual burden of the disease from an institutional perspective and according to Global Initiative for Asthma classification. Results: The average annual cost was $43,813.92, which increased in relation to the need of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta agonists dosage increase. The average doctor's appointment cost was $2,004.57, $982.82 for crisis management and $2,645.95 for laboratory testing. Pharmacological treatment represented the main economic burden with an annual average cost of $38,180.58. Conclusions: The results highlight an economic burden of asthma estimated at an annual cost per patient of $43,813.92 MXN (SD=93,348.85) in the context of the third level of care in the Mexican public health system. The asthma severity and treatments such as biologics were the main factors that increased direct costs of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Gaceta Médica de México is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de México is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de México is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de México is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: dada la repercusión que tienen las fracturas por fragilidad y sus secuelas en la vida de las mujeres con osteoporosis posmenopáusica (OPM), el objetivo de este estudio es describir y analizar su impacto en esta población. Material y métodos: se realizó una encuesta a mujeres posmenopáusicas con fractura por fragilidad en un diseño observacional transversal. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, impacto de la fractura (necesidad de cuidados, productividad laboral), calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS, mediante cuestionario QUALEFFO-31) y disposición a pagar (DAP) por recuperarla. Resultados: participaron 120 mujeres, promedio de edad 62 ± 7 años. Las fracturas más frecuentes fueron las de radio distal (29,9 %) y las vertebrales (21,3 %). Un 53,3 % necesitó cuidados durante su recuperación (76,5 % informales; 24,9 % formales) y un 4,2 % tuvo que ingresar en un centro/residencia sociosanitaria. De aquellas que trabajaban cuando se produjo la fractura (62,5 %), el 56 % vio su vida laboral afectada (69,3 % incapacidad temporal; 17,3 % incapacidad permanente; 10,7 % reducción de jornada; 10,7 % abandono laboral; 5,3 % permiso/excedencia; 3,6 % prejubilación). El impacto de la fractura se debió principalmente al dolor (71,7 %), dificultad para realizar actividades cotidianas (48,3 %), problemas de movilidad (46,7 %) y estado emocional (41,7 %). La mayor DAP se ofreció por recuperar la capacidad para realizar actividades cotidianas y el estado emocional. La puntuación total QUALEFFO-31 (0-100) fue 49,9 ± 10,8 (función mental: 68,3 ± 7,3; dolor: 56 ± 22,6; función física: 39,3 ± 15,5). Conclusiones: las fracturas por fragilidad tienen un alto impacto en la calidad de vida de las mujeres con OPM. Resulta fundamental poner en valor aquellos aspectos que más les preocupan para optimizar su abordaje. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Real-world evidence of paediatric psoriasis (PsO) is lacking in Spain. The purpose of this study was to identify physician-reported disease burden and current treatment patterns in a real-world paediatric PsO patient cohort in Spain. This will enhance our understanding of the disease and contribute to the development of regional guidelines. Material and method: This retrospective analysis of a cross-sectional market research survey assessed the clinical unmet needs and treatment patterns in patients with paediatric PsO in Spain, as reported by their primary care and specialist physicians, using data collected as part of the Adelphi Real World Paediatric PsO Disease-Specific Program (DSP™) between February and October 2020. Results: Survey data from 57 treating physicians were included (71.9% [N = 41] dermatologists, 17.6% [N = 10] general practitioners/primary care physicians, and 10.5% [N = 6] paediatricians); the final analysis included 378 patients. At sampling, 84.1% (318/378) of patients had mild disease, 15.3% (58/378) had moderate disease and 0.5% (2/378) had severe disease. Retrospectively reported physician-judged severity at the time of PsO diagnosis recorded 41.8% (158/378) of patients with mild disease, 51.3% (194/378) with moderate disease and 6.9% (26/378) with severe disease. Overall, 89.3% (335/375) of patients were currently receiving topical PsO therapy, while 8.8% (33/375), 10.4% (39/375) and 14.9% (56/375) of patients were currently receiving phototherapy, conventional systemics and biologics, respectively. Conclusions: These real-world data reflect the current burden and treatment landscape of paediatric PsO in Spain. The management of patients with paediatric PsO could be improved by further educating healthcare professionals and developing regional guidelines. Resumen: Antecedente y objetivo: En España se carece de evidencia sobre psoriasis (PsO) pediátrica en el mundo real. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la carga de la enfermedad reportada por el facultativo y los patrones actuales de tratamiento en una cohorte de pacientes psoriásicos pediátricos en el mundo real. Ello ampliará nuestra comprensión de la enfermedad y contribuirá al desarrollo de directrices regionales. Material y método: Este análisis retrospectivo transversal de una encuesta de investigación mercado evaluó las necesidades clínicas no satisfechas y los patrones de tratamiento en pacientes con PsO pediátrica en España, según lo reportado por sus médicos de atención primaria y especialistas, utilizando datos recopilados como parte del Disease-specific program (DSP™) de Adelphi para PsO pediátrica en el mundo real, entre los meses de febrero y octubre de 2020. Resultados: Se incluyeron los datos de la encuesta realizada a 57 facultativos médicos tratantes (71,9% [N = 41] de dermatólogos, 17,6% [N = 10] de médicos generales de atención primaria y 10,5% [N = 6] de pediatras); el análisis final incluyó 378 pacientes. En la muestra, el 84,1% (318/378) de los pacientes padeció enfermedad leve, el 15,3% (58/378) enfermedad moderada y el 0,5% (2/378) enfermedad severa. De acuerdo con el reporte retrospectivo, la gravedad juzgada por el facultativo en el momento de diagnosticarse la PsO pediátrica registró un 41,8% (158/378) de pacientes con enfermedad leve, un 51,3% (194/378) con enfermedad moderada y un 6,9% (26/378) con enfermedad severa. En general, el 89,3% (335/375) de los pacientes recibía en la actualidad terapia tópica para PsO pediátrica, mientras que el 8,8% (33/375), el 10,4% (39/375) y el 14,9% (56/375) de los pacientes recibía en la actualidad fototerapia, sistémicos y biológicos convencionales, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Estos datos del mundo real reflejan la carga actual y el panorama de la PsO pediátrica en España. El manejo de los pacientes pediátricos podría mejorar, formando aún más a los profesionales sanitarios y desarrollando directrices regionales.

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: El uso del implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica (TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation) está aumentando en el tratamiento de la estenosis aórtica grave. Por ello, el uso de TAVI en la vida real debe monitorizarse. Evaluamos los resultados del TAVI en términos de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS), resultados clínicos y uso de recursos teniendo en cuenta un marcador de riesgo válido. Métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo incluyendo todos los pacientes consecutivos con estenosis aórtica grave tratados con TAVI (Edwards SAPIEN 3, acceso transfemoral) en 2018. Se evaluaron de forma sistemática la CVRS (EQ-5D-5L, Short Form-36 Health Survey, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire), los resultados clínicos y el uso de recursos (estancia en planta/unidad de cuidados intensivos). La evaluación se hizo antes de la intervención (basal), al alta y después de 1,6 y 12 meses del implante. Se aplicaron modelos de regresión multivariante para evaluar los resultados mientras se controlaba el riesgo del paciente (por ejemplo, escala de riesgo de la Society of Thoracic Surgeons). Resultados: Se incluyó a 76 pacientes (el 50% mujeres), con una edad media de 82,05 ± 4,76, y el 55% con riesgo intermedio-alto. Hubo un 97,37% de éxito del implante y la tasa de muerte de causa cardiovascular fue del 2,63% al año. Se consiguieron reducciones significativas en los gradientes medios y máximos, y se mantuvieron durante las visitas de seguimiento. Las estancias medias en planta (5,26 ± 4,05 días) y en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (0,22 ± 0,64 días) fueron bajas. Se detectaron mejoras significativas (todo ajustado p < 0,05) en el Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (puntuaciones generales), el EQ-5D-5L y el Short Form-36 (componente físico). Conclusiones: Esta investigación destaca resultados clínicos positivos que se traducen en mejoras significativas en términos de calidad de vida de los pacientes. El uso de recursos, que fue en general bajo, también fue dependiente de la escala de riesgo de la Society of Thoracic Surgeons. (Estudio SARU, código: 2017-01, Murcia, España).

La presencia de una enfermedad crónica se constituye en una vulnerabilidad para la persona enferma, y para su cuidador sensación de descontrol e impacto emocional y físico, resultando en sobrecarga. Objetivo: Identificar los hallazgos relacionados con el apoyo social percibido y la carga de cuidado del cuidador familiar del paciente con cáncer en estudios publicados durante el período 2015 a 2021. Métodos: revisión sistemática de literatura, a través de la ecuación: (Social Support) AND (family caregivers) AND (burden of disease) OR (Caregiver Burden) AND (neoplasm), en español, inglés y portugués, en las bases de datos MedLine, Sciencedirect, Sage Journal y Academic Search Complete. Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 29396 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 23 artículos luego de aplicar los filtros y los criterios de elegibilidad establecidos por los investigadores. Conclusiones: La angustia que percibe el cuidador refleja un moderado apoyo social y una mayor carga. El acompañamiento de los grupos de apoyo para el cuidador y sujeto de cuidado, les permiten compartir, sentirse aceptado, fortalecer la salud física, mental y disminuir la angustia y el desgaste emocional.

After the COVID-19 pandemic, the omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus became the dominant lineage in Spain in 2022. Although it possesses a milder pathogenicity than previous variants, it still poses a high risk of causing severe COVID-19 for immunocompromised populations. A systematic review was conducted to assess the burden of COVID-19 in Spain among immunocompromised patients during the omicron predominance (1/04/2022-1/04/2023), using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EPICOVIDEHA between May and July 2023. The search retrieved 217 articles, of which a total of 5 were included. Upon analysis, it was observed that immunocompromised patients during the omicron lineage predominance continue to exhibit higher rates of hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and mortality compared to the general population affected by COVID-19. Although the pandemic has ended, the risk persists for immunocompromised individuals., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

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Introduction: Huntington disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder. Thanks to predictive diagnosis, incipient clinical characteristics have been described in the prodromal phase., Objective: To compare performance in cognitive tasks of carriers (HDC) and non-carriers (non-HDC) of the huntingtin gene and to analyse the variability in performance as a function of disease burden and proximity to the manifest stage (age of symptom onset)., Method: A sample of 146 participants in a predictive diagnosis of HD programme were divided into the HDC (41.1%) and non-HDC groups (58.9%). Mathematical formulae were used to calculate disease burden and proximity to the manifest stage in the HDC group; these parameters were correlated with neuropsychological performance., Results: Significant differences were observed between groups in performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Stroop-B, Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and phonological fluency. In the HDC group, correlations were observed between disease burden and performance on the MMSE, Stroop-B, and SDMT. The group of patients close to the manifest stage scored lowest on the MMSE, Stroop-B, Stroop-C, SDMT, and semantic verbal fluency. According to the multivariate analysis of covariance, the MMSE effect shows statistically significant differences in disease burden and proximity to onset of symptoms., Conclusions: Members of the HDC group close to the manifest phase performed more poorly on tests assessing information processing speed and attention. Prefrontal cognitive dysfunction appears early, several years before the motor diagnosis of HD., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction : Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is perceived and managed in different ways according to the notions that each person has, which may be different based on gender. Objective : To describe the perception of men on having type 2 diabetes mellitus across the Colombian population. Method : Qualitative-descriptive study with content analysis based on an inductive categorization. Six participants who met the inclusion criteria (men, older than 30 years of age, with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and with a duration of the disease of at least one year in 2016) were included. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on their process and perception of the disease in their lives, which were then analyzed and coded using the Atlas.ti program. Results : The 7 categories obtained account for the perception of men regarding the disease. These perceptions show an association of health with the absence of symptoms and pain. To understand what having diabetes was like implied a process of coping and adaptation in which they sought to make sense out of diabetes through knowing what the disease is and how to integrate it into daily life Conclusion : The experience of diabetes in older Colombian men shows the difficulty inherent to accepting the diagnosis, committing to self-care behaviors adequate for the control of diabetes, and recognizing and seeking health care when required for complications of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to describe the perception of social support of the family caregiver of people with chronic diseases. A qualitative descriptive approach with content analysis based on an inductive type categorization was used, involving 130 main caregiver participants captured through the Chronic Patient and their family Care research group. The information was collected through questionnaires written with open questions during the months of February to June 2018 in the Faculty of Nursing of the National University of Colombia. The findings were grouped into 9 categories that were named as the support that relieves the burden, the support to face and overcome, the need for emotional support, to transcend spiritual support, the need for tangible support, support to support others, technology ICT information and communication as a medium for support, Perception of state and institutional support and Being a visible and supported caregiver. It can be concluded that the greater need for social support expressed by caregivers is related to emotional and spiritual support, in which making their work visible, being recognized and being accompanied is the most important thing for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atlas of Axial Spondyloarthritis in Spain 2017 aims to better understand the reality of the patients suffering from this disease from an integrated approach. The Atlas 2017 based its results on an extensive cross-sectional patient survey conducted in Spain (2016), validated by a multidisciplinary group of experts on spondyloarthritis. Data from 680 patients with axSpA were obtained, most of them suffered from AS, were HLA-B27 positive, older than 45 years, and live as part of a couple. A large percentage had university studies, were disabled and members of a patient association. Patients reported a diagnostic delay of 8.5 years, high disease activity (BASDAI 5.5 ± 2.2), moderate-important stiffness (61.0%), medium-high functional limitation (74.9%), and psychological distress (GHQ 5.7 ± 4.5). A total of 54.7% reported taking NSAIDs, 28.4% DMARDs, 36.3% biological therapy and 32.2% were not receiving pharmacological treatment. The Atlas survey data reveals still a long diagnostic delay, high disease activity, psychological distress, while an important proportion could be undertreated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen Objetivo: conocer los costos directos (cd) e indirectos (ci) de la atención de pacientes con lesiones por accidentes de tránsito (at) en el mundo. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en PubMed, Embase, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Journal Storage y Scielo de estudios de costos de atención de víctimas de at mayores de 16 años, entre 2008 y 2013. La calidad de los estudios se evaluó con criterios extraídos de Drummond y col, y del “Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards statement (CHEERS)” y otros definidos por los autores. Se evaluaron los cd, los CI. La carga de la enfermedad (ce), se hizo con los Años de Vida Ajustados por Discapacidad (avad), y Años de Vida ajustados por Calidad (avac). Se analizaron los costos generados por discapacidad/rehabilitación y Trauma craneoencefálico (tec). Los costos monetarios en dólares americanos (usd) de 2010 ajustados por inflación. Resultados: se analizaron 14 estudios, seis de buena calidad. Se encontraron estudios con 567.000 pacientes y 10 años de duración, costos directos de 48.082 e indirectos de 29.706 usd por paciente; los costos indirectos superaron los directos. La carga de la enfermedad mostró amplia variabilidad; en un estudio el 60% de los pacientes con tec grave y 20% moderado quedaron con discapacidad corto plazo y en otro el 4,6% quedó con discapacidad a largo plazo. Conclusiones: existe gran heterogeneidad en los estudios, no hay consenso para evaluar la calidad de estos estudios. Los costos indirectos de accidentes de tránsito superan los directos. Los costos derivados de discapacidad y rehabilitación son poco evaluados. / Abstract Objective: to know the direct (dc) and indirect costs (ic) generated by the treatment of patients with moderate or severe injuries caused by traffic accidents (ta) in the world. Methodology: a systematic review of studies assessing the costs of treating victims of traffic accidents older than 16 between 2008 and 2013 was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Journal Storage and Scielo databases. The quality of the studies was assessed using criteria from Drummond and col, as well as the "Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards statement (cheers)" and other mechanisms defined by the authors. DCs and ICs were assessed. The burden of disease (bd) was obtained with the disability-adjusted life year (daly), and the quality-adjusted life-year (qaly). The costs generated by disability / rehabilitation and traumatic brain injury (tbi) were analyzed. The monetary costs were expressed in 2010 us dollars (usd) adjusted for inflation. Results: 14 studies were analyzed, 6 of which had a good quality. We found studies with up to 567.000 patients and a duration of 10 years. Direct costs were up to usd 48.082 and indirect costs up to usd 29.706 per patient; the direct costs were exceeded by the indirect costs. The burden of disease showed high variability. In one study, 60% of the patients with severe tbi and 20% with moderate tbi had short term disability; in another study 4.6% of the patients sustained long-term disability. Conclusions: there is great heterogeneity in the cost studies. There is no consensus for assessing the quality of these studies. The indirect costs incurred in traffic accidents are greater than direct costs. The costs of disability and rehabilitation are poorly assessed.

Os medicamentos essenciais são definidos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) como aqueles que satisfazem as necessidades prioritárias de cuidado de saúde da população. Sua seleção busca refletir necessidades coletivas, recomendando-se, para tanto, a utilização dos estudos de carga global de doença. Foi realizado um estudo exploratório relacionando os medicamentos das RENAME aos estudos de Carga Global de Doença no Brasil, de 1998 e 2008, e às evidências científicas. Buscou-se, assim, verificar se os elencos de medicamentos nas RENAME (2002 a 2012) atenderam às recomendações da OMS para seleção de medicamentos. Embora as RENAME 2010 e 2012 acatem semelhantemente à Carga Global de Doença Brasil 2008, a versão de 2012 o faz com maior número de medicamentos, parecendo ter sido tensionada por pressões do crescente mercado de novas tecnologias. Dessa forma, a RENAME deixou de ser uma relação de medicamentos essenciais, tornando-se uma lista de financiamento da assistência farmacêutica.

ABSTRACT Children worldwide experience mental and emotional disorders. Mental disorders occurring among young children, especially infants (birth -3 years), often go unrecognized. Prevalence rates are difficult to determine because of lack of awareness and difficulty assessing and diagnosing young children. Existing data, however, suggest that rates of disorders in young children are comparable to those of older children and adolescents (von Klitzing, Dohnert, Kroll, & Grube, ). The lack of widespread recognition of disorders of infancy is particularly concerning due to the unique positioning of infancy as foundational in the developmental process. Both the brain and behavior are in vulnerable states of development across the first 3 years of life, with potential for enduring deviations to occur in response to early trauma and deprivation. Intervention approaches for young children require sensitivity to their developmental needs within their families. The primacy of infancy as a time of unique foundational risks for disorder, the impact of trauma and violence on young children's development, the impact of family disruption on children's attachment, and existing literature on prevalence rates of early disorders are discussed. Finally, global priorities for addressing these disorders of infancy are highlighted to support prevention and intervention actions that may alleviate suffering among our youngest world citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Salud Pública is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To present the results of the burden of disease, injuries and risk factors in Mexico from 1990 to 2010 for the principal illnesses, injuries and risk factors by sex. Materials and methods. A secondary analysis of the study results published by the Global Burden of Disease 2010 for Mexico performed by IHME. Results. In 2010, Mexico lost 26.2 million of Disability adjusted live years (DALYs), 56 % were in male and 44 % in women. The main causes of DALYs in men are violence, ischemic heart disease and road traffic injuries. In the case of women the leading causes are diabetes, chronic kidney disease and ischemic heart diseases. The mental disorders and musculoskeletal conditions concentrate 18% of health lost. The risk factors that most affect men in Mexico are: alcohol consumption, overweight/obesity, high blood glucose levels and blood pressure and tobacco consumption (35.6 % of DALYs lost). In women, overweight and obesity, high blood sugar and blood pressure, lack of physical activity and consumption of alcohol are responsible for 40 % of DALYs lost. In both sexes the problems with diet contribute 12% of the burden. Conclusions. The epidemiological situation in Mexico, demands an urgent adaptation and modernization of the health system

Background and Objective: Real-world evidence of paediatric psoriasis (PsO) is lacking in Spain. The purpose of this study was to identify physician-reported disease burden and current treatment patterns in a real-world paediatric PsO patient cohort in Spain. This will enhance our understanding of the disease and contribute to the development of regional guidelines., Material and Method: This retrospective analysis of a cross-sectional market research survey assessed the clinical unmet needs and treatment patterns in patients with paediatric PsO in Spain, as reported by their primary care and specialist physicians, using data collected as part of the Adelphi Real World Paediatric PsO Disease-Specific Program (DSP™) between February and October 2020., Results: Survey data from 57 treating physicians were included (71.9% [N = 41] dermatologists, 17.6% [N = 10] general practitioners/primary care physicians, and 10.5% [N = 6] paediatricians); the final analysis included 378 patients. At sampling, 84.1% (318/378) of patients had mild disease, 15.3% (58/378) had moderate disease and 0.5% (2/378) had severe disease. Retrospectively reported physician-judged severity at the time of PsO diagnosis recorded 41.8% (158/378) of patients with mild disease, 51.3% (194/378) with moderate disease and 6.9% (26/378) with severe disease. Overall, 89.3% (335/375) of patients were currently receiving topical PsO therapy, while 8.8% (33/375), 10.4% (39/375) and 14.9% (56/375) of patients were currently receiving phototherapy, conventional systemics and biologics, respectively., Conclusions: These real-world data reflect the current burden and treatment landscape of paediatric PsO in Spain. The management of patients with paediatric PsO could be improved by further educating healthcare professionals and developing regional guidelines., (Copyright © 2023 AEDV. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: to know the direct (dc) and indirect costs (ic) generated by the treatment of patients with moderate or severe injuries caused by traffic accidents (ta) in the world. Methodology: a systematic review of studies assessing the costs of treating victims of traffic accidents older than 16 between 2008 and 2013 was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Journal Storage and Scielo databases. The quality of the studies was assessed using criteria from Drummond and col, as well as the "Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards statement (cheers)" and other mechanisms defined by the authors. DCs and ICs were assessed. The burden of disease (bd) was obtained with the disability-adjusted life year (daly), and the quality-adjusted life-year (qaly). The costs generated by disability / rehabilitation and traumatic brain injury (tbi) were analyzed. The monetary costs were expressed in 2010 us dollars (usd) adjusted for inflation. Results: 14 studies were analyzed, 6 of which had a good quality. We found studies with up to 567.000 patients and a duration of 10 years. Direct costs were up to usd 48.082 and indirect costs up to usd 29.706 per patient; the direct costs were exceeded by the indirect costs. The burden of disease showed high variability. In one study, 60% of the patients with severe tbi and 20% with moderate tbi had short term disability; in another study 4.6% of the patients sustained long-term disability. Conclusions: there is great heterogeneity in the cost studies. There is no consensus for assessing the quality of these studies. The indirect costs incurred in traffic accidents are greater than direct costs. The costs of disability and rehabilitation are poorly assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To analyze mortality and incidence for 28 cancers by deprivation status, age and sex from 1990 to 2013. Materials and methods. The data and methodological approaches provided by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2013) were used. Results. Trends from 1990 to 2013 show important changes in cancer epidemiology in Mexico. While some cancers show a decreasing trend in incidence and mortality (lung, cervical) others emerge as relevant health priorities (prostate, breast, stomach, colorectal and liver cancer). Age standardized incidence and mortality rates for all cancers are higher in the northern states while the central states show a decreasing trend in the mortality rate. The analysis show that infection related cancers like cervical or liver cancer play a bigger role in more deprived states and that cancers with risk factors related to lifestyle like colorectal cancer are more common in less marginalized states. Conclusions. The burden of cancer in Mexico shows complex regional patterns by age, sex, types of cancer and deprivation status. Creation of a national cancer registry is crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: Aunque con la gasolina libre de plomo ha habido éxito en la reducción de la exposición, en México la exposición al plomo continúa amenazando la salud de millones, la mayoría debido a la greta (óxido de plomo) que se utiliza en la alfarería donde el plomo se mezcla con la comida. Objetivos: Se condujo una revisión histórica extensiva y un análisis de datos de niveles de plomo en sangre en poblaciones mexicanas. Se usó una media geométricamente calculada para evaluar el efecto del plomo en la carga de la enfermedad de la población infantil. Métodos: Una búsqueda bibliográfica extensiva identificó 83 artículos publicados de 1978 al 2010 con datos de NPS en poblaciones mexicanas representando 150 puntos de datos de más de 50,000 participantes de los estudios. Se categorizaron los valores de estas publicaciones en varias agrupaciones. Enseguida se calcularon las incidencias de enfermedad y los AVAD resultantes de estos NPS, usando las hojas de cálculo de carga de enfermedad de la OMS para el retraso mental ligero. Resultados: Al revisar los estudios relevantes, las medias geométricas de niveles de plomo en sangre en México para áreas urbanas y rurales fueron de 8.85 μg/dL y 22.24 μg/dL respectivamente. A partir de la introducción de la gasolina libre de plomo, la media en áreas urbanas fue de 5.36 μg/dL y se espera que el promedio en áreas rurales sea mayor. El límite máximo de niveles de plomo en sangre para los CDCDC de EUA en niños menores de 6 años es de 5 μg/dL y el promedio actual en EUA es 1.2 μg/dL. Nuestros resultados indican que más del 15% de la población experimentará un decremento de más de 5 puntos en el coeficiente intelectual (CI)) a raíz de la exposición al plomo. El análisis también nos lleva a creer que el plomo es responsable de 820,000 AVAD por retraso mental ligero provocado por el plomo en niños de 0 a 4 años. Conclusión: En México el plomo continúa amenazando la salud de millones y sigue siendo una causa significativa de discapacidad. Se necesitan intervenciones adicionales en la reducción o manejo de óxido de plomo para proteger la salud pública.

Background: It is estimated that environmental risk factors (ERF) were responsible for nine million deaths worldwide in 2019., Objective: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease study, indicators of health loss associated with exposure to ERF in Mexico were analyzed., Material and Methods: Absolute numbers and population percentages of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) lost attributed to selected ERFs were analyzed at the national and state level and by sex, as well as age-standardized trends from 1990 to 2021., Results: In 2021, ambient particulate matter pollution showed the highest mortality and DALYs lost attributed to selected ERFs (42.2 and 38.1% respectively), followed by lead exposure (20.6 and 13.4%) and low temperature (19.8 and 12.3%). Both indicators have decreased for all selected ERAs by different magnitudes between 1991 and 2021, except for high temperature., Conclusions: Despite decreases in the last 32 years, outdoor environment particulate matter showed the highest mortality and DALYs lost, followed by lead exposure. It is essential to strengthen air quality and lead exposure policies in Mexico., (Copyright: © 2023 Permanyer.)

Background: Mexico faces a challenge due to the burden imposed by type 2 diabetes (T2D)., Objective: To analyze T2D epidemiology and burden in Mexico from 1990 to 2021, at the national and state levels., Material and Methods: Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study were used to evaluate the prevalence, incidence, mortality, fatal and non-fatal burden. Metabolic, environmental and behavioral factors were considered. Comparative analyses were carried out by gender, age and state of the country., Results: The prevalence of T2D increased by 25%. The incidence increased in those younger than 45 years, with a mortality decrease being found among women. The rate of disability-adjusted life years (DALY) showed an increase in all states, from 45.2% in Nuevo León to 237.6% in Tabasco. In 2021, T2D caused the loss of 3.1 million DALYs, which accounted for 6.6% of total burden in Mexico, out of which 64% was due to premature deaths. Diabetic neuropathy affected 47%, and there were 270,000 cases of visual impairment; 66.3% of the burden was attributed to obesity., Conclusions: Comprehensive policies are urgently needed in order to reduce the burden of T2D in Mexico, through standardized guidelines, evidence-based strategies and technological resources that improve medical care accessibility and efficiency., (Copyright: © 2023 Permanyer.)

Background: Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Mexico, it is one of the six leading causes of death., Objective: To analyze epidemiological data derived from the Global Burden of Disease study and their relationship with risk factors associated with the development of chronic liver diseases in Mexico., Material and Methods: An analysis of data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and the National Institute of Geography and Statistics was carried out., Results: Liver cirrhosis has a high prevalence in Mexico, with significant burden of disease translating into lost years of healthy life, premature death and disability. Mortality due to cirrhosis ranked sixth (3.6%) in 2021 and was the eighth cause of years of healthy life lost (2.8%). From 1990 to 2021, the mortality rate increased from 26.7 to 34.2 per 100,000 population., Conclusions: The burden of disease due to liver cirrhosis continues to be caused by alcohol consumption and hepatitis C; cirrhosis caused by steatotic liver disease has increased in terms of prevalence over the past decade. There are epidemiological changes in the frequency and burden of chronic liver disease that show territorial variations in Mexico., (Copyright: © 2023 Permanyer.)

Background: Between 2020 and 2021, Mexico documented 2.21 million fatalities, out of which 25.3% were attributable to SARS-COV-2 infection., Objectives: To evaluate COVID-19 mortality during 2020-2021, determine its impact on national- and state-level life expectancy at birth, and in a group of selected countries of the region, as well as to analyze it according to sociodemographic profiles., Material and Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study were used to report mortality, the impact on life expectancy and underlying causes between 2019 and 2021. These data were evaluated from the perspective of response to the pandemic and according to the sociodemographic structure based on a quadratic regression model., Results: Between 2020 and 2021, 708,971 excess deaths were recorded, which decreased life expectancy at birth by 4.6 years; 76% of this reduction was attributed to COVID-19. The COVID-19 mortality rate was higher than expected according to the sociodemographic conditions of the states., Conclusions: In Mexico and the countries of the region, the pandemic was devastating and generated regressions in life expectancy at birth, which varied from two to nine years. It is not clear why the effect was so different between countries and within Mexico., (Copyright: © 2023 Permanyer.)

Background: For thirty years, Mexico has studied the burden of disease in order to inform health decisions., Objective: To analyze the burden of disease, injuries, and risk factors in Mexico between 1990 and 2021., Material and Methods: Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study were used to analyze mortality, years of life lost due to premature mortality, years lived with disability and disability-adjusted life years, as well as the burden attributable to risk factors by sex, age and state of the country., Results: Infant mortality decreased by 39.4% from 1990 to 2000 and by 49.0% from 2000 to 2013. At the national level, mortality decreased by 27.5% between 1990 and 2019, but increased in 2020 and 2021 across all states, especially in adults aged from 35 to 64 years due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which contributed with 24.3% of deaths in 2021. Significant differences in mortality were observed according to age and sex. The burden attributable to metabolic risk factors did increase, while alcohol and tobacco consumption decreased. Access to drinking water and sanitation showed improvements., Conclusions: Assessing the burden of disease is crucial in order to design effective strategies to address current health needs and future healthcare challenges., (Copyright: © 2023 Permanyer.)

Background: Overweight and obesity (OW/OB) represent a serious challenge in Mexico, with effects on health, society and economy. Demographic, epidemiological, nutritional, social and economic factors have exacerbated this problem., Objective: To analyze mortality and years of healthy life lost in Mexico due to OW/OB in the 1990-2021 period., Material and Methods: The Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors 2021 study was used to analyze data on elevated body mass index (BMI) as a risk factor and its evolution in Mexico., Results: In 2021, 118 thousand deaths attributable to high BMI were recorded, which accounted for 10.6% of total deaths and more than 4.2 million disability-adjusted life years lost., Conclusions: The obesogenic environment, influenced by social determinants of health, has had a significant impact on mortality, burden of disease, and economic costs. Addressing OW/OB requires multisector interventions to strengthen the Mexican health system., (Copyright: © 2023 Permanyer.)

Background: In Mexico, cancer mortality rates have undergone changes over the past decades., Objective: To analyze the evolution of cancer mortality rates in Mexico between 1990 and 2021., Materials and Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Disease study, the mortality rates for the 10 most prevalent types of cancer in Mexico were obtained, at the national and regional level and by states, considering different age groups and gender. Global Burden of Disease reassigns misclassified causes and distributes them among different types of cancer; subsequently, it models and adjusts the causes to the total number of deaths with a model of a set of causes of death and a cause corrector, which corrects INEGI's mortality records., Results: The cancer mortality rate went from 117.87 in 1990 to 84.18 in 2021. In women, breast, cervical, stomach and lung cancers were the most frequent. In men, the most common were prostate, stomach, lung, and colon and rectum cancer. The decrease in cancer mortality for men and women stood out, particularly from lung and cervical cancer., Conclusions: The results provide information for the development of health policies and specific prevention and control strategies to address the impact of cancer in Mexico., (Copyright: © 2023 Permanyer.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Objective: Knowing the burden of disease related to carpal tunnel syndrome in the Colombian working population and the importance of assessing the indirect costs against the total costs of the disease. Methods: We reviewed the literature on the prevalence and incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome in the Colombian population, disability days caused by this disease and methods for the assessment of indirect costs, such as the human capital approach and the friction costs. From the databases provided by the Ministry of Social Protection of Colombia and two from General System insurers Colombian Social Security, assessing the importance of the consideration of indirect costs in relation to the total costs of the disease. Results: We developed a regression model that shows the relationship between costs (total) of disease and disability days. Indirect costs represented by disability days have a higher correlation with the total cost with the time of treatment of disease. Conclusions: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition in the working population; which may affect the frequency of increased absenteeism. Consequently, this could lead to increased overhead costs and therefore total costs associated with a disease. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Introduction: Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative and hereditary disorder. Due to the predictive diagnosis, incipient clinical characteristics have been described in the prodromal phase. Several studies have reported an increase in psychiatric symptoms in carriers of the HD gene without motor symptoms., Objective: To identify psychological distress in carriers of the mutation that causes HD, without motor symptoms, utilizing the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), and to correlate with the burden and proximity of the disease., Method: A sample of 175 participants in a HD Predictive Diagnostic Program (PDP-HD) was divided into HEP carriers (39.4%) and NPEH non-carriers (61.6%) of the HD-causing mutation. By means of mathematical formulas, the disease burden and proximity to the manifest stage in the PEH group were obtained and it was correlated with the results of the SCL-90-R., Results: Comparing the results obtained in the SCL-90-R of the PEH and NPEH, the difference is observed in the positive somatic male index, where the PEH obtains higher average scores. The correlations between disease burden and psychological distress occur in the domains; obsessions and compulsions, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, global severity index and positive somatic distress index. A low correlation is observed between the burden of disease and the scores obtained in psychological discomfort., Conclusions: In general, we found that the PEH group obtained a higher score in the dimensions evaluated with the SCL-90-R, showing a relationship with the burden and differences due to the proximity of the disease. Higher scores on the SCL-90-R dimensions in carriers of the HD gene may suggest an early finding of psychological symptoms in the disease., (Copyright © 2022 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

OBJETIVO. Describir los estudios de carga de la enfermedad realizados en la región e identificar las principales prioridades en salud a partir del indicador años de vida saludable perdidos (AVISA). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Mediante el uso de AVISA, identificar la carga de enfermedad en los distintos países. RESULTADOS: Los AVISA destacan la emergencia de los trastornos mentales, la diabetes mellitus en las mujeres y los trastornos por consumo de alcohol y lesiones en los hombres. CONCLUSIONES: América Latina es la región con más estudios nacionales de carga de la enfermedad realizados con una metodología estandarizada, que permiten identificar problemas de salud que están presionando a los servicios de atención; por ello estos resultados constituyen un elemento a tomar en cuenta en el establecimiento de políticas públicas en cada país.OBJECTIVE: To describe the burden of disease studies made in the region, identify the main priorities in health from the indicator Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: By the use of DALYs identify the burden of disease in the countries in the network. RESULTS: DALYs emphasize the emergency of mental disorders, diabetes mellitus in women and the disorders associated with alcohol consumption and injuries in men. CONCLUSIONS: Latin America is the region with more national studies of burden of disease, using a standardized methodology, that allows identifying new health priorities which are pressing to the health services; for that reason these results constitute an element to take into account in the establishment of public policies in each country.