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Copyright of Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi is the property of Tarih Incelemeleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies is the property of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sarah Daniels’ın Byrthrite adlı oyunu on yedinci yüzyıl İngiltere’sinde geçer. Oyunun geçtiği dönemde Avrupa’da “cadı” olarak yaftalanan kadınlar, büyü yaparak insanlara zarar vermekle itham edilirdi. Ayrıca ebeler de büyüye başvurarak bebekleri öldürdüklerine inanıldığı için sıklıkla olağan suçlular arasındaydı. Oysa ki Byrthrite’ta cadı olarak anılan kadınlar ataerkil baskılara karşı direnç göstermeyi amaçladıkları için suçlanırlar. Oyun, ataerkiden bağımsız olmaya çalışmak, sanat ve tarihle ilgilenmek gibi konular üzerinden kadınların uğradığı baskıları da resmeder; ancak asıl vurgu yirminci yüzyılda ortaya çıkan üreme teknolojisinin kadınlar için ne gibi korkutucu durumları beraberinde getirebileceğidir. Bu noktadan hareketle, çalışmada, ataerkil toplumlarda kadın bedenine yönelik baskının zamanla azalmadığı, teknolojik gelişmelere paralel olarak biçim değiştirdiği fikri ele alınır. Makalenin amacı, oyundaki “cadı,” “cadılık,” ve “ebe” kavramlarına odaklanarak, bu kavramlarla tıbbi teknoloji ve ataerkil toplumlarda kadın bedenine yönelik baskılar arasındaki paralellikleri göstermeye çalışmaktır.

Introduction: Acne is the most common skin disease among adolescents and has significant psychological distress. Our objective is to assess acne severity, functional disability, and its psychological distress among acne patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to May 2022 among 163 acne patients attending Dermatology Clinics in the district of Kuantan, Pahang. The severity of acne was graded using the Comprehensive Acne Severity Scale (CASS). The functional disability index was measured using a Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI), while Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaires were used as a screening tool to detect the psychological distress of acne. Data were analysed using a Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and multiple logistic regression. Results: The mean age was 23 years, 60.1% were female, 94.5% were Malay, and 68.1% were unemployed. The severity of acne was more prominent in the mild (30.7%) and moderate (28.2%) categories. A total of 20.2%, 11.7%, and 4.9% of the respondents had anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms, respectively. Regarding the respondents' functional disability, 40.5% had mild impairment, 38.0% had moderate impairment, and 13.5% had severe impairment. Acne severity was found to be significantly associated with the functional disability index (P<0.05). The functional disability index was also found to be significantly associated with depression (p=0.019) and anxiety symptoms (p=0.042). Conclusion: Clinical management of acne patients should include not only pharmacological treatment but also consideration of the disease's functional disability status and psychological distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Literature & Humanities / Edebiyat ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lina Al-Quran,1 Guang Li,2 Zhezhang Liu,1 Dan Xiong,1 Xianwei Cao,1 Ting Xie1 1Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ting Xie, Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8615079120510, Email dnxieting@126.comPurpose: Post-acne erythema (PAE) is one of the most common physical sequelae of acne regression, PAE can resolve spontaneously, but in some patients it may last for years. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of narrow and broad spectrum filters of intense pulsed light (IPL) for the treatment of PAE.Patients and Methods: This prospective study evaluated 60 patients with PAE for at least 6 months, assigned equally to three groups: 1st group received narrow-spectrum with vascular filter (530– 650 nm and 900– 1200 nm), 2nd group received broad-spectrum with (560/590– 1200 nm) filters, the appropriate adjustments were made according to patient’s skin colour. Every patient received four sessions one month apart. 3rd group is blank control group did not receive any treatment. CAT (CEA (Clinical Erythema Assessment), Area, and Telangiectasia) used to grade clearance of PAE before and after treatment, Investigators Global Assessment (IGA) used to assess the improvement score after the treatment, and Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) used to evaluate the impact of PAE on patients’ Quality of Life (QoL). Self-satisfaction scale completed at the follow-up. Adverse events and acne relapse were recorded.Results: A significant decrease of CAT score in vascular group (P< 0.05). IGA scale showed significant improvement after vascular treatment. A significant decrease in CADI (P< 0.05) after vascular treatment. Patient satisfaction was higher in vascular group than control and blank control groups. Acne relapse observed in control and blank control groups (40% and 15%, respectively).10% of patients showed pigmentation, 15% had blisters after 590 nm treatment.Conclusion: IPL vascular filter (530– 650 nm and 900– 1200 nm) have efficacy in the treatment of PAE. CADI score, patient satisfaction, and acne relapse were significantly better after vascular narrow spectrum treatment than broad-spectrum treatment.Keywords: PAE, vascular filter, acne relapse, CADI, IPL

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the severity of acne vulgaris on social appearance anxiety and quality of life (QoL) in undergraduate students at Universitas Padjadjaran in Bandung, Indonesia. Methods This research was conducted using an analytic observational method with a crosssectional approach. We enrolled 259 students who met inclusion criteria and gave consent to be diagnosed by dermatologists through their facial photography. This study used the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) and the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI). The Kruskal-Wallis test analyzed the mean and standard deviation in different acne severity groups. Results Out of 259 students, 90 had mild acne, 84 had moderate acne, and 85 had severe acne. All participants' mean age of acne sufferers is 19.80 years old and more common in females (76.45%). The moderate acne group had the highest mean SAAS compared to students with mild and severe acne (mean 44.21; CI: 41.47-46.96; p<0.005). The median CADI value in college students with severe acne falls into the mildly to moderately impaired QoL category (median 6 (0-14), p<0.005). Conclusion This study showed that the severity of acne vulgaris influences social appearance anxiety and QoL in students. The study results are expected to add information for clinicians about the psychological impact on acne patients as a consideration for AV treatment. Social support may affect social appearance anxiety and QoL, which affect the acne sufferers' SAAS and CADI scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kazakh Turks have a rich epic tradition. Kazakh versions of Köroğlu narratives also reflect the cultural richness of Kazakh people in this epic tradition. Demonic creatures in oral culture keep the narrative alive. The witch, one of these demonic creatures, has similarities in the cultures with the physical features depicted. The witch, who is thought to be the equivalent of evil and is always scary, appears as a being who is asked for help when anybody is in trouble in the epic. In the epic, the witch interpreting dreams and telling fortunes is a being to be referred to. In this study, the ear of the witch in Köroğlu Epic in the Kazakh Version, which is one of her physical features and described as different from the normal ear and it is emphasized that this situation is an indicator of the witch's superiority over the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies is the property of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

World history is the history of rebellions and revolts experienced since the devil’s rebellion against God, described in holy books. Among the most striking examples of this turbulent and dynamic process are man’s revolt against the church with Renaissance, people’s against the king with French Revolution, and women’s against patriarchal order and men with Modernism. The rights not given to the rebels by their rulers are indeed behind all these rebellions. In fact, the last one is referred to as a women’s rights struggle that started in the 19th century and spread to the 20th century in western culture. Anne Sexton, with her poem titled “Her Kind” and analysed in our study, presents her works as one of the cornerstones of American women’s poetry in the last century. In this poem in which she challenges the roles of obedient housewife, chaste mother and faithful wife imposed on women for thousands of years due to Eve archetype, Sexton also opposes the social exclusion, accusation and stigmatization of women who get rid of these roles shaped by traditional male perspective. She writes the manifesto of the free and independent woman by stating firmly on the last line of each stanza “I am her kind”. In our study, the manifesto that Sexton produces in this poem is examined with a focus on its precursors, and it is concluded that this rebellion actually stemmed from long years of obedience. Writing with the belief that God imposes this obedience on women with His holy books, the state with its laws, society with its traditions and men with their physical and economic power, Sexton rejects all these traditional and stereotyped female identities, secondary to men. Thus she proves to be one of the iconoclast female figures of the 20th century, thereby writing her name in the history of women’s struggle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the acceptance of women as “shaman” in North and Central Asian Shamanism in the Middle Ages and as “witch” in Continental Europe in the Late Middle Ages in healing practices, their causes and consequences are examined. Historical evidence and indicators of the fact that mankind is interested in its environment at every period of the cultural process, is interested in unknown, mysterious and mystical events and wants to be present in them are discussed. Nowadays, more are regarded as superstition, magic, in the historical process mystical, mysterious and society in extraordinary ways “the secret forces”, as most fundamentally treatment (healing) for the purpose of making, carrying, over time, that can not be achieved in known ways to achieve things, to harm someone, or a team to protect from harm and the secret mystical practices using nature and the laws of nature are applied for the purpose of influencing force are discussed with examples. It has been revealed that spells and magicians were called by different names at different times and geographies. It has been determined that shamanism and witchcraft, which are based on magic and healing (healing) and developed within this framework, also exist with opposite perceptions in different geographies and affect societies. On the other hand, it has been seen that the roles, duties and responsibilities assigned to the sexes determine the positions of men and women in society. In line with these roles, women were sometimes seen to be deified, and sometimes they were thought to be the main source of evil. In this direction, the women who applied the healing practices were evaluated as good in the position of shaman and bad in the position of witch. Shamans and Witch as the determination and evaluation of the social position of women in two different locations and two different identity to represent two contrasting phenomenon, the perception of women in society and history, which shows that this difference can vary how much we think it is important for women and contribute to. For this reason, the paper tries to show that women, who exist in all areas of society, are generally representations of two opposite concepts (good-evil) in different societies as shamans and witches. It has been discussed why the woman who heals the sick with the identity of a shaman is considered sacred and represents goodness, while the woman who initially heals is considered cursed with the identity of a witch and represents evil. Thus, the positioning of women in the context of shaman/witch, good /evil has emerged as an example of the opposite roles that they impose on individuals of the same gender in two different cultures. At the same time, the paper aims to determine how and to what extent the perception of women varies from society to society. In short, this study, which affected at different times and societies are shaped with the same basis, despite the fact that the craft barn and different from the properties of the perceived women as shamans and witch contributions to society through representation in a broad historical perspective of the good and evil are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Art-E is the property of Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Fine Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Carbidic austempered ductile iron (CADI) developed in the United States is a new wear-resistant material, which is widely used in general wear parts, machinery, equipment, bearing components, gears and grinding balls in mining ball mills. It has some advantages of its light weight, good toughness and shock absorption, excellent wear resistance, low cost. However, the research of CADI is still in the early stage, and timely updates of recent research progress on new remarkable breakthroughs in CADI are highly desired. The alloy design and the production method of CADI were summarized in the present review. In addition, the future directions were discussed. We hope our work could guide the following development and research of CADI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The falling ball tests were carried out on the Φ125 mm diameter Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron (CADI) grinding balls with Mn content of 2.0wt.%, 2.3wt.%, 2.6wt.% and 3.0wt.%, respectively, and the kind of grinding ball with the most serious spalling was selected for stress simulation. The stress distribution between four grinding balls in the elbow of the falling ball test device when they collided with each other was simulated based on ANSYS. Results of the falling ball tests show that the spalling and mass loss of a CADI grinding ball increases with the increase of Mn content, and the CADI grinding ball with 3.0wt.% Mn shows the most obvious spalling and mass loss. The simulation results of stress distribution of a CADI grinding ball show that the maximum impact stress does not appear in the center of the contact area, but in the annular area (inner diameter of ~20 mm and outer diameter of ~50 mm) in the section with a depth of 5-15 mm below the grinding ball surface. The actual spalling of the ball is consistent with the simulation results, and the oxide-based impurities in CADI grinding ball accelerate the spalling of the grinding ball in service.

The phase precipitation curves of carbidic ductile iron with Nb element were simulated by the thermodynamic module in JMatPro software. The lattice mismatch between NbC and M3C was analyzed using Bramfitt two-dimensional mismatch theory, and the bonding strength (adhesive work) and interface stability (interfacial energy) of M3C(100)/NbC(110) interface were calculated by using the first principles method. The microstructure of carbidic austempered ductile iron (CADI) was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that NbC particles precipitate previously at 1420 °C, and the lattice mismatch of M3C(100)/NbC(110) is 3.75 %. Six interface models have been constructed according to different case and termination conditions, in which interface adhesive work of Case I/C interface is the largest (1.35 J/m2), interfacial energy of Case I/Fe interface is the smallest. The covalent bond has been formed on the interface, which proves that M3C(100) and NbC(110) can form a stable interface. The experimental results confirm the precipitation of NbC particles. In addition, M3C grows beside NbC particles and they are combined tightly, indicating that NbC can act as an effective heterogeneous nucleation site of M3C.

Osmanlı Devleti’nde ölümden sonra hayata dönen varlıklara ilişkin temel tanımlama “cadı” kavramıdır. Ancak konu hakkında yapılan çalışmalar genellikle “cadı” kavramını “vampir” kavramı ile açıklama eğilimindedir. Bu eğilimin temel sebebi ise 19. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde “cadı” kavramının anlamında yaşanan genişlemedir. Temel özellikleri benzer olan bu iki kavram toplumsal hayatta aynı olguyu tanımlamak için birbirlerinin yerine kullanılmıştır. 19. yüzyılda Osmanlı topraklarında kayıt altına alınmış son “cadı” olayı Tırnova cadılarıdır. Fakat 1872 ve 1874 yıllarında Selanik’e bağlı Karaferye’de iki cadı vakasının yaşandığına dair gazete haberleri bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma bahsi geçen haberlere ilişkin dönemin gazete ve dergilerinin yaklaşımını ele almaktadır. Çalışmanın odağı mizah dergileridir. 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Osmanlı toplumunda “cadı” kavramının hangi kavramlar ile tanımlandığı mizah dergileri üzerinden analiz edilmiştir.

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Le présent article est une ébauche consacrée au "hakam" arabe, juge-arbitre de la période préislamique. Elle procède à l’examen de cette fonction à la lumière des données lexicographiques, sociales et historiques disponibles. Elle insiste sur la dynamique interne de la société tribale et son impact sur le déploiement de cette fonction. Pour se faire, elle balise le terrain et l’environnement de l’Arabie préislamique et montre son poids sur cette fonction. Mais, elle pointe surtout la rupture. Comme elle évoque son évolution amorcée depuis l’avènement de l’Islam. - This article is a draft of the Arabic Hakam, pre-Islamic arbiter. It shall examine this function in the light of the lexicographic, social and historical data available. It emphasizes the internal dynamics of tribal society and its impact on the deployment of this function. To do so, it marks the ground and environment of pre-Islamic Arabia and shows its weight on this function. But, above all, it points to the rupture. As it evokes its evolution initiated since the advent of Islam.

Objectives: determine the prevalence of acne vulgaris among teen-agers in Qena city, determine the risk factors of acne vulgaris, and determine the effect of acne vulgaris on the quality of life among teen-agers in Qena city. Patient and methods: The study includes 200 students in Qena secondary schools, the students were asked to fill in 2 questionnaires, the first include personal date and the other include is CADI. Results: the prevalence of acne vulgaris in Qena secondary school students was 58, acne vulgaris was more prevalent in males (53.5%) than females (46.5%). In addition, We found 5 risk factors associated with AV, the most contributing risk factor for AV of these 5 risk factors was stress (AOR = 18.85, 95% CI 6.313-56.281), regular eating of spicy food (AOR = 13.364, 95% CI 4.525-39.465) and the least contributing risk factor was eating fast food. In our study CADI score was significantly related to the disease grade, being maximum among those with severe grade, followed by moderate and lastly mild disease grade. Conclusion: Acne vulgaris is prevalent among Qena teen-agers, stress and dietary factors are important risk factors of acne, CADI score was significantly related to the disease grade.

Background: Acne vulgaris is one of the most common disorders affecting the skin which predominantly affects adolescents. Its impact is significant on the psychological well-being of an individual with depression and suicide ideation are the major consequences. Acne impact on the quality of life (QoL) among various populations and subgroups was assessed by several studies. Therefore, the current study will determine the impact of acne vulgaris severity on adolescents’ QoL. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey conducted by recording both skin lesions severity depending on the Global Acne Grading Scale (GAGS) and its impact on the patient’s QoL (using the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) of all adolescents consulted Kirkuk Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk city. The correlation between GAGS and CADI results was then calculated. Results: A total of 65 patients complaining of acne vulgaris were included, 27/65 were males and 38/65 were females. Patients with severe acne vulgaris were not detected, 26/65 has moderate acne (GAGS 19-30), and 39/65 has mild acne (GAGS 1-18). The correlation between acne severity measured by (GAGS) and the psychological impact measured by (CADI) was not significant with p-value <0.05. Conclusion: The correlation between acne vulgaris severity and the resulting psychosocial impact is not significant. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate this issue at a larger scale and to determine the reliability of the existing scoring systems of acne vulgaris impact on psychological wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different processing routes have been developed to increase the strength and hardness of camshafts for automotive applications. In this work, two carbidic austempered ductile irons (CADIs), alloyed with 0.2 and 0.4 wt% Cr, were evaluated to determine their suitability in the camshaft production by microscopy techniques and mechanical tests. The CADIs were produced at austempering temperatures of 265 and 305 °C, during 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The microstructural characterization was carried out by optical microscopy, while Rockwell C Hardness, tensile, Charpy impact, and block-on-ring wear loss tests were evaluated for mechanical characterization from the camshaft and standard keel block. The volume fraction of high-carbon austenite was determined for the heat treatment conditions by X-ray diffraction measurements. The process window was found in the range from 60 to 120 min, for both austempering temperatures, while the highest amount of ausferrite was obtained at 90 min. The formation of carbides was increased as the chromium content was increased. The highest hardness (49 HRC) and wear resistance (0.252 mm3) were obtained for the lower austempering temperature (265 °C, 90 min) and higher chromium content (0.4%). The highest austempering temperature (305 °C, 90 min) and lowest chromium content (0.2%) allow for obtaining the highest toughness (22.91 J) and elongation (4.2%), while the highest tensile strength (1027 MPa) was obtained for the CADI containing 0.2% Cr heat-treated to 265 °C.

Demodex folliculorum dan Demodex brevis merupakan parasit pada folikel rambut dan kelenjar pilosebasea pada kulit manusia. Pada mayoritas individu normal, tungau Demodex yang memakan sel epitel folikel rambut atau kelenjar pilosebasea tidak menimbulan gejala, akan tetapi pada densitas yang tinggi di kulit manusia dengan jumlah ≥5 tungau dalam 1 cm2, Demodex berubah menjadi patogen atau disebut infestasi Demodex (demodicosis). Secara klinis manifestasi infestasi Demodex mirip dengan akne vulgaris sehingga dalam klinis kadang sulit membedakan infestasi Demodex dengan akne vulgaris. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui densitas Demodex pada mahasiswa berjerawat, hubungan jenis kelamin degan infestasi Demodex, hubungan tingkat keparahan jerawat dengan infestasi Demodex, dan hubungan tingkat gangguan kualitas hidup dengan infestasi Demodex. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuisioner Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI), Global Acne Grading Sytem (GAGS), dan pemerikaan tungau Demodex dengan KOH 10%. Perhitungan statistik menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan statistik analitik menggunakan chi-square (p0,01).

Copyright of Journal of Academic Inquiries / Akademik Incelemeler Dergisi is the property of Akademik Incelemeler Dergisi (Journal of Academic Inquiries) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mining & Metallurgy (10057854) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The austempered ductile iron (ADI) with carbides in its microstructure, commonly known as CADI, is a relatively new variant of ductile iron intended to resist abrasive wear in different tribosystems by selecting the appropriate casting procedure, chemical composition and heat treatment. In this case, the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) behavior of CADI with two heat treatments was compared to that of ADI to evaluate its potential use as an alternative material for machine parts subjected to point or line rolling/sliding contact fatigue conditions. The RCF tests were done in a flat washer type testing machine under contact conditions (load, roughness, lubricant and velocity) leading to contact of micro-asperities. When compared to ADI, the microstructure of CADI has similar nodularity and nodule size, but the nodule count is lower because part of the carbon is combined in the form of carbides. While having similar hardness and failure appearance, CADI RCF resistance was higher than that of ADI. It was observed that the nodules at or near the surface work as crack nucleation sites and then, when replacing part of the graphite content with carbides the load carrying capacity and the RCF resistance are improved with respect to those of ADI. Highlights • Heterogeneous materials under RCF perform different than homogeneous materials. • In general, CADI performed better than ADI under RCF conditions. • Compliant inclusions as micro-voids and graphite are very harmful for RCF life. • Carbide inclusions are less harmful than graphite for RCF performance. • Carbide reinforcement increased hardness and load carrying capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: This article presents the edition of three fragments of a prison register from Fusṭāṭ, preserved in the Michaelides Collection of the Cambridge University Library. They record the arrival of petitions from prisoners, mainly imprisoned for debt, and mention their release. These excerpts provide crucial information on the organization of prisons during the early Abbasid period. They testify to the high frequency of imprisonment for debt, and confirm that the prison system revolved around the qadi's judgeship and the police (shurṭa), which included an administrative service where the petitions of the detainees were examined. These documents allow therefore a better understanding of the process of incarceration and release of debtors. Cet article propose l'édition de trois fragments d'un registre carcéral de Fusṭāṭ conservés dans la collection Michaelidès de la Bibliothèque universitaire de Cambridge. Ils enregistrent l'arrivée de pétitions de détenus, principalement incarcérés pour dette, et mentionnent leur élargissement. Ces extraits offrent des informations capitales sur le fonctionnement des prisons au premier âge abbasside. Ils témoignent de la fréquence des incarcérations pour dette et confirment que le système carcéral s'articulait autour de la judicature cadiale et de la police (šurṭa), qui possédait un service administratif où étaient examinées les pétitions des détenus. Ces documents permettent ainsi de mieux comprendre le processus d'incarcération et de libération des débiteurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Foundry Research Institute / Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa is the property of Lukasiewicz Research Network, Krakow Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Acne is one of the most common skin disease in young adults and occurs in 85% of boys and girls. The disease is characterized by progressive course of the formation of psycho-emotional disorders, mainly depression row in about half of patients. Installed heredity is almost 80% of first-degree relatives of patients with acne. In patients with positive family history of acne the disease occurs earlier and course harder. The aim of the study – is to determine the impact of acne on psycho-emotional status in patients. Materials and methods. We examined 78 patients with severe and moderate acne. All patients were questioned by questionnaire CADI (Cardiff Acne Disability Index). Results. Among the surveyed men with moderate acne average value was 6, median – 6, mode – 6; in men with severe acne course average value was 8.6, median – 9.5, mode – 10. Among women surveyed the results of the form were somewhat different from data that were shown by male patients. Women with moderate acne had average value 7 points, the median – 7.5 mode – 8; among women who had severe acne course the average value was – 8, median – 9. Conclusions. As can be seen from the results of the questionnaire, respondents in all groups were shown a significant effect of disease on the psycho-emotional state of patients.

Background: Acne vulgaris is a skin condition affecting a large proportion of the population. Various drug therapies are available for the same, which include topical and systemic drugs. Additionally, this disease has a profound impact on the quality of life (QOL) and hence this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the drug use pattern as well the quality of life in such individuals. Aims: To study the drug utilization pattern of Acne vulgaris in Out Patient Department of Dermatology in a tertiary care hospital. To analyze health related Quality of Life using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) Methods: (including settings and design and statistical analysis used) This was a prospective, cross sectional study of 8 weeks duration, which was approved by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). It was carried out on the patients visiting the Dermatology OPD at a tertiary care hospital who were diagnosed with acne for at least one month. The responses of patients were recorded by using the CADI and the DLQI questionnaires that addressed various aspects of QOL. The drug utilization pattern was also studied. The data was analyzed using the SPSS 22 software. The Spearman rho test was applied. Results: Mean age of the patients was 20.23 ± 2.78 years with male: female ratio 0.69:1. Majority of the patients were diagnosed with grade 2 acne vulgaris. A total of 389 drugs were prescribed to 90 patients. The number of drugs received by each patient was 4.32. The most commonly prescribed topical drug in this sample was clindamycin phosphate, which formed 26.83% of the total topical drugs. Among the systemically prescribed drugs, azithromycin was the most commonly used. The Cardiff Acne Disability Index and the Dermatology Life Quality Index was used to determine the Quality of Life of patients suffering from acne vulgaris. The mean CADI score was 6.34 ± 3.625. It was noted that the highest score was 21 and was scored by patients of the age group 21 to 23 years. The mean DLQI score was 9.02 ± 5.821, indicating that acne vulgaris moderately affects the health related quality of life of the patients. From the survey, it was observed that the highest score was 26 obtained from patients of the age group 18 to 20 years. Limitations: The study has limited sample size of 90 patients. Hence, entire spectrum of the disease and QOL correlation will not be robust. The correlation of improvement of QOL scores with therapy of acne could not evaluated. As it was a prospective, single point study, of limited duration, the improvement in the quality of life of the patients suffering from different grades of acne vulgaris, could not be assessed. Conclusions: The drug use pattern indicated that topical drugs formed a greater part of the treatment plans as compared to systemic drugs. Our study has also described the impact of acne on Quality of Life. Hence, dermatologists should be encouraged to add Quality of Life evaluations for patients with acne, since these might reveal a new facet of the disease, that is, its psychosocial impact and help intervene with more individual specific interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Ottoman Empire, it is clearly understood in court records and parlimentary documents that the citizen in the rural would seek for their rights about the court decisions given by cadis and public defenders and unjust applications of tax collectors by submitting the assembly which acts as superior court. In this sense, it has showed up that the court decisions about the citizens of cadis and public defenders, which is known as Ehl-i Şer', are questionable. As the citizen, supposing to have got a raw deal by the decisions of the cadis and public defenders, would submit the decisions to the assembly by providing with the evidences to have the court decision corrected or annihilated which is clearly obvious in the ordinances sent to the rural. Concurrently, the most frequently happening of unjust decisions and financial profits of the cadis and public defenders on the citizen are prevented by the citizen who report such cases to the assembly and this case is seen in the ordinances and assembly decisions sent to the concerned in the rural. Therefore, it is understood that the state would never consent to the unjustly treatments of the cadis and public defenders or state officials serving in the rural against the citizen by inspecting in regard to the citizen's reports. As the Ottoman Empire has the central state structure and adopts ideal of justice as principal, it prevented the cadis, public defenders and state officials to act irrrespossibly in the rural. Therefore the main determining factor is the effect of the citizen who seek their rights conciously at the superior assembly that in todays context the superior court keeping the legislation, enforcement and judgement powers in hand. The most complained report to the superior assembly by the citizen is abuse and corruption of tax collectors while raising money and the unjust decisions of the cadis and public defenders by taking a side. In addition to all these reports, hostility between the citizen and field cases in court records are one of the most common matters in parlimentary documents. The citizen would seek their rights through the assembly and at the same time this class would aside by the laws which shows that they would seek for their rights on a legimate basis. From this point of view it can be said that however living in the rural the citizen having raw deals by the courts would seek for their rights on a legimate basis and had faithfulness for the State. In such an legimate approach, The Ottoman State would examine the complaints and requests gingerly and consequently would do what is necessary. Therefore, the citizen having raw deals were given their rights back and cadis, public defenders and state officals who make unjust applications and decisions were punished with administrative, financial and processes of punishment by the State. As it were the door of justice, The Ottoman State ruled the law by never seeking any difference or taking a stand between the citizen, cadis, public defenders and state officials by any means so as to secure the justice. Because of this, the decisions given at the superior court would be conveyed to the rural and thus concrete steps were taken against the unfairness of the cadis, public defenders and state officals by dismissing them from their posts or they were given the punishment of ineligibility. The financial losses of the unjustly treated citizens would be compensated by the convict/s hence; communion between the citizen and the State would be secured. This case is seen as law in effect ascendant in parlimentary documents and court records. In this regard the Ottoman State would defend the rights of the citizen not differentiating between moslem or non-moslem within the political borders. This is because not only the requests and complaints of the moslems were dealed with but also the the doors of the superior court would be also there for non-moslems seeking justice too. Such an application was no more than the reflection of the founding philosophy that is to say Ideal of Justice of the Ottoman Empire. All these applications explicitly clarifies the real fact of the Empire’s impressive efforts of securing the livings, properties and honor of the all citizens. However hard the Central State made an effort to exercise around the circular of the Adalet Mefkûresi, the cadis, public defenders and state officals in the rural would loose themselves in stealing from the citizen. Hence, in this case of study we are going provide the answers of the reasons why the citizens who have raw deals would still seek justice from the State in the lights of the evidences. The citizen would see the State as father in Turkish-Islamic traditon. As a matter of fact, such kind of understanding has been the long established popular wisdom since the very first Turkish States. The Turkish word ‘Devlet', which means the State, ingenerated from two different words. That is to say ‘Dev'means the one who loves, protects and looks after while ‘let'means the one who affronts and punishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the revalation of magic, sorcery and witchcraft will be discussed broadly and its reflection to Antiquity, Medieval Europe also Spain in that era will be studied in terms of historical order. At last, in “La Celestina” which is one of the most important works of Medieval Spanish Litreture, related parts of this work; such as magic, sorcery and witchcraft will be observed and some identification related with this subject will be made.

Background: Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition, which affects most adolescents at some point in their lives. It has been found to have a significant impact on their psychological well-being and has been associated with depression and suicide ideation. Many studies have assessed the impact of acne vulgaris on the quality of life (QoL) in different population subgroups around the world, but there is a dearth of reports from the African subcontinent. This study thus seeks to assess the severity of acne vulgaris and determine its effect on the QoL of adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey employing a two-stage sampling method, the severity of acne vulgaris and its impact on the QoL of adolescents attending a senior secondary school in Lagos, Nigeria was assessed using the Global Acne Grading Scale (GAGS) and the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI), respectively. The correlation between the results of the GAGS and CADI was also determined. Results: One hundred and sixty adolescent students with acne were recruited, with males accounting for 51.9% and females 48.1%. The mean and standard deviation of the GAGS severity scores were 11.3±5.4 for males and 11.9±5.4 for females. Only one student had severe acne vulgaris (GAGS, 31-38), 10% moderate (GAGS, 19-30), and 89.4% mild (GAGS, 1-18). The overall CADI score was 3.4±3.0, which suggests mild impairment in QoL; however, the solitary student with severe acne had severe QoL impairment. There was a weak positive correlation between the GAGS and the CADI score. Conclusion: Most adolescents in our study had mild acne vulgaris, and the overall impact on their QoL was mild. However, the correlation between the psychosocial impact and acne severity was weak. There is a need for similar studies in other parts of the country and for further studies to determine the adequacy of the existing instruments in assessing the impact of acne vulgaris in Nigerian adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the organizational methods of courts of the first centuries of Islam, particularly during the Abbasid and Umayyad dynasties from 634 to 1534. The focus of the article is on aspects including work schedules, the judge's regular hearings which constituted a part of daily and weekly schedules, and scheduled audiences and hearings which impacted litigants' routines. The article provides information regarding daily and weekly schedules, the duration of judicial process, and time as an object of law.

Copyright of Monograf is the property of Monograf and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)