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Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Compendium of Veterinary Sciences / Compendio de Ciencias Veterinarias is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad Nacional de Asuncion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigación Agraria is the property of Investigacion Agraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Visión Electrónica is the property of Fondo de Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cronobacter spp. is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Species of the genus Cronobacter, particularly C. sakazakii, are implicated in the development of severe disease in newborns, which occurs with necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis and meningitis. The disease has been frequently associated with powdered infant formula (PIF) and can therefore occur in the form of outbreaks. The genus Cronobacter has undergone extensive diversification in the course of its evolution, with some species being clearly pathogenic to humans while the impact of other species on human health is uncertain or unknown. Whole genome sequencing is used both in population genetic studies to identify the limited number of genotypes associated with the disease and to detect genes associated with antibiotic resistance or virulence, ultimately allowing more precise epidemiological links to be established between pediatric disease and infant foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: An outbreak is defined as an increase in epidemiologically-associated cases greater than expected, during the 2019 Coronavirus pandemic 10.1% of cases are reported in healthcare workers in Mexico, however the circulation of the new Omicron variant with greater transmissibility is a risk for the occurrence of outbreaks. OBJECTIVE: Describes an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health personnel of a pediatric hospital during the pandemic. METHODS: An outbreak study is carried out in health personnel diagnosed with SARSCoV-2 infection, in a tertiary pediatric hospital, from January 1, 2021 to January 30, 2022. The increase in laboratory confirmed cases in January, higher than cases reported in the previous period indicated an outbreak and the need to strengthen prevention measures in the population. RESULTS: An outbreak with 508 cases in health personnel in January 2022 was confirmed, identifying 27.5% as in-hospital. The circulation of a new variant with high transmissibility, together with the relaxation of prevention measures due to the state of vaccination and the perception of a lower risk from COVID 19, are factors for the presence of the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to continuously strengthen prevention measures and make staff adopt them as a daily behavior to avoid outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria is the property of Agrosavia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. These are non-enveloped viruses that are classified into 10 genogroups, of which genogroup I (GI), II (GII), IV (GIV), VIII (GVIII), and IX (GIX) are the ones that infect humans. Two outbreaks (A and B) of acute gastroenteritis that occurred in a nursery school are described. The first outbreak (A) occurred in November 2018, and the second (B) in February 2020. The detection of viral and bacterial pathogens was performed to study both outbreaks. Additionally, an epidemiological investigation of the outbreaks was conducted. In the analyzed fecal and vomit samples from both children and adults in the nursery school, NoV GII.4 [P16] Sydney 2012 and NoV GI.3 [P13] were detected in outbreaks A and B, respectively. Since the study of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks is underestimated in Argentina, it is necessary to design prevention, study, and control protocols, as well as to improve the outbreak notification system in our country., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The initiation of interferon therapy has been and is the first step in the treatment of many patients with multiple sclerosis, with the aim of delaying the progression of the disease. Objective: To identify the clinical markers of response to treatment with Interferon beta-1a in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Methods: An observational, descriptive, longitudinal, prospective study was carried out of a series of cases of patients diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, who received treatment with interferon beta-1a, in the period between January 2014 and December 2020. All 39 patients were included. Results: The mean age was 34.54 years. The mean disability level at baseline, 12, 24, and 36 months was 1.76; 1.91; 2.1 and 2.37 respectively. The mean number of flares at baseline, 12, 24, and 36 months was 1.13; 0.26; 0.38 and 0.13 respectively. The number of progressions lower by 51% at 36 months is shown. The odds ratio for the absence of relapses is between 2 and 4 times in these patients. Conclusions: Clinical markers of response to treatment with Interferon beta-1a are identified that help assess the response to treatment, which has a positive impact on the evolution of the disease.

Introducción. La Esclerosis Múltiple es una enfermedad crónica que afecta al Sistema Nervioso Central de la que actualmente se desconoce la causa y la cura. Además, es una de las enfermedades autoinmunes con más incidencia en la población joven. Dado al rango de edad al que afecta, es muy habitual que surjan preocupaciones en los enfermos acerca de si es compatible con el embarazo, el posparto y la vida familiar. Objetivos. Conocer la experiencia de mujeres con Esclerosis Múltiple en relación con la maternidad. Metodología. Estudio cualitativo con abordaje fenomenológico descriptivo, llevado a cabo mediante un muestreo por bola de nieve, complementado por un muestreo intencional. Para la recogida de datos se ha entrevistado a 10 mujeres con Esclerosis Múltiple con edades comprendidas entre los 25 y los 50 años, diagnosticadas como mínimo desde hace 5 años. El análisis de los datos se efectuó según la propuesta de Amadeus Giorgi. Resultados. La incertidumbre que genera esta enfermedad, el hecho de que en algunos casos deben dejar la medicación durante la gestación, el temor a padecer un brote en el posparto y la posibilidad de verse incapacitadas a la hora de cuidar a un bebé son parte de los motivos que llevan a las pacientes a no querer tener hijos/as, o si ya tienen uno/a no querer volver a tener más. Discusión. El aumento de la oferta de tratamiento de la Esclerosis Múltiple es cada vez mayor, existiendo actualmente fármacos compatibles con el embarazo que reducen las posibilidades de sufrir brotes en el posparto. ABSTRACT Introduction. Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic disease affecting the central nervous system for which the cause and cure are currently unknown. In addition, it is one of the autoimmune diseases with the highest incidence in the young population. Given the age range it affects, it is very common to raise concerns in patients about whether it is compatible with pregnancy, postpartum and family life. Objectives. To know the experience of women with Multiple Sclerosis in relation to motherhood. Methodology. Qualitative study with a descriptive phenomenological approach, carried out by snowball sampling, complemented by purposive sampling. For data collection, 10 women with Multiple Sclerosis aged between 25 and 50 years, diagnosed at least 5 years ago, were interviewed. The data analysis was carried out according to Amadeus Giorgi's proposal. Results. The uncertainty generated by this disease, the fact that in some cases they have to stop taking medication during pregnancy, the fear of suffering an outbreak in the postpartum period and the possibility of being unable to take care of a baby are part of the reasons that lead the patients not to want to have children, or if they already have one, they do not want to have more children. Discussion. The offer of treatment for Multiple Sclerosis is increasing, and there are currently drugs compatible with pregnancy that reduce the possibility of suffering outbreaks in the postpartum period.

Background: In the last two decades, several Latin American countries have experienced multiple outbreaks of oral Chagas disease. The study: Retrospective study analyzing an outbreak of acute oral Chagas disease in Sucre, Colombia during December-January 2020. The cases were confirmed by different diagnostic methods. Finding: During two weeks, 16 cases were confirmed, where the mean age was 14 years and 12 were male. Of the total, 14 patients were hospitalized and 2 died. Clinical manifestations include: fever, facial edema, hepatosplenomegaly, In 13 of the patients Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes were observed in the thin and thick smears. Oral transmission is established as the most likely route in 14 of the patients. Conclusions: Acute orally transmitted Chagas disease can be life-threatening or even fatal, therefore, it is urgent to improve epidemiological control measures at the national level and in other Latin American countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Echinocactus parryi, es una especie amenazada y endémica del municipio de Juárez, Chihuahua, México que presenta importantes limitantes para su propagación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto de los reguladores de crecimiento, concentración de calcio (Ca2+), pH del medio y concentración de gelificante en la respuesta morfogenética de E. parryi. Las semillas se germinaron en medio de Murashige y Skoog (MS) al 25% de la concentración de sus sales (¼ MS). Los epicotilos se cultivaron en posición invertida en medios con diferentes concentraciones de 6-bencilaminopurina (BAP) (0-10 mg L-1), ácido indol-3-acético (AIA) (0-0.5 mg L-1), pH 5.7 y 8, Ca2+ (13.2µM y 26.4 µM) y agar (7 y 10 g L-1). La mayor formación de brotes (2.9 brotes por explante) se obtuvo en medio MS con 2 mg L-1 de BAP combinado con AIA 0.5 mg L-1, 13.2 µM de Ca2+, pH 8 y 7 g L-1 de agar a los 120 días. Los brotes generados se transfirieron a medio MS con ácido 2,3,5 tri-iodobenzoico (TIBA) (0, 0.5, 1 y 2 mg L-1) para inducir la formación de raíz. El mayor enraizamiento (70.5%) se obtuvo en medio con 0.5 mg L-1 de TIBA. La sobrevivencia de las plantas fue del 58% a los 5 meses. Este es el primer reporte que describe la regeneración in vitro de E. parryi y constituye un avance importante para su propagación y conservación.

Objectives: To determine the probability of controlling the outbreak of COVID-19 in Peru, in a pre- and post-quarantine scenario using mathematical simulation models. Materials and methods: Outbreak simulations for the COVID-19 pandemic are performed, using stochastic equations under the following assumptions: a pre-quarantine population R0 of 2.7 or 3.5, a post-quarantine R0 of 1.5, 2 or 2.7, 18% or 40%, of asymptomatic positives and a maximum response capacity of 50 or 150 patients in the intensive care units. The success of isolation and contact tracing is evaluated, no other mitigation measures are included. Results: In the pre-quarantine stage, success in controlling more than 80% of the simulations occurred only if the isolation of positive cases was implemented from the first case, after which there was less than 40% probability of success. In post-quarantine, with 60 positive cases it is necessary to isolate them early, track all of their contacts and decrease the R0 to 1.5 for outbreak control to be successful in more than 80% of cases. Other scenarios have a low probability of success. Conclusions: The control of the outbreak in Peru during pre-quarantine stage demanded requirements that were difficult to comply with, therefore quarantine was necessary; to successfully suspend it would require a significant reduction in the spread of the disease, early isolation of positives and follow-up of all contacts of positive patients.

El objetivo fue evaluar el porcentaje de prendimiento y crecimiento de cuatro tipos de injerto (empalme, púa lateral, púa terminal y parche) de plantones de Annona muricata L. Se realizó un Diseño Completo al Azar con cuatro tratamientos y tres repeticiones, siendo el grupo de 20 plantones por unidad experimental, luego del injerto se evaluó a los 60 días las variables de prendimiento y crecimiento. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre tratamientos a un alfa = 0,05, donde el injerto por empalme obtuvo un mayor porcentaje de prendimiento con 86,7 %, seguido del injerto de púa lateral con 56,67%, consecutivamente con el injerto de púa central con 53,33 % y el injerto de parche solo obtuvo un 32,67% de prendimiento respecto a los demás; asimismo en la evaluación de las mejores características de yemas está en el tipo de injerto por empalme con mayor diámetro de tallo con 21,2 mm, con mayor número de brotes alcanzando 3,13 brotes/planta, con mayor número de hojas alcanzando 7,8 hojas/planta y con mayor altura de brotes alcanzando 7,91%; el tipo de injerto púa lateral mostró mayor área foliar alcanzando un valor de 7,38 cm2, seguido se encontró el injerto de púa central alcanzando 7,16 cm2; en la siguiente posición se encontró el injerto de empalme alcanzando 6,91 cm2 y por último el injerto por parche con 5,73 cm2. Respecto al diámetro de brotes no hubo diferencia significativa. Se recomienda usar el injerto por empalme para propagar este cultivo.

La investigación evaluó la producción de semilla por brotes en ambientes atemperados en tres variedades nativas: Saq'ampaya, Imilla Negra y Waych'a. La multiplicación de la semilla por esta técnica (brotes y ambientes atemperados) es eficiente en espacio y calidad, para el pequeño productor. En ese contexto, los objetivos fueron a) evaluar las características morfológicas del tubérculo para semilla y b) evaluar el rendimiento de la semilla y analizar el contenido de hierro y zinc por variedad. Se ha utilizado un diseño experimental de bloques al azar; y fue realizado en las comunidades Jiwasi Chico (municipio de Tiahuanacu) y Causaya (municipio de Taraco) del departamento de La Paz, Bolivia. Los resultados muestran que, en relación al número de tubérculos por planta, Saq'ampaya tiene 11.55; Imilla Negra 10.52 y Waych'a 8.46. En el rendimiento de tubérculo por variedades, Saq'ampaya obtuvo 307.79 g planta-1; Waych'a con 276.34 g planta-1 e Imilla Negra con 251.61 g planta-1. Al comparar las variedades por tamaño y calibres, la altura del tubérculo tiene diferencia significativa en las categorías super extra, extra, 1ra, 2da, 3ra, 4ta y 5ta de la Saq'ampaya en relación a la Waycha e Imilla Negra, debido a su forma alargada, que también influye en el diámetro. En relación al color de piel, Saq'ampaya tiene el color blanco-crema, Imilla Negra morado y Waych'a rosado. El color de la pulpa en la variedad Saq'ampaya es amarilla, en Imilla Negra es blanco y en Waych'a es intermedio amarillo claro. En referencia al contenido de hierro, Saq'ampaya tiene 1.37 mg 100g-1; Imilla Negra 1.38 mg 100g-1 y Waych’a 1.06 mg 100g-1. Se determinó que la variedad con mayor contenido de zinc es Imilla Negra con 0.533 mg 100g-1, seguido de la variedad Saq'anpaya con 0.900 mg 100g-1 y Waych'a con 0.690 mg 100g-1.

Durante dos años se obtuvo información de la condición epidemiológica de las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos en cuatro municipios del Quindío, Colombia. Durante este tiempo, se presentaron 32 casos colectivos que involucraron 240 personas de diferentes edades de Calarcá, Tebaida, Montenegro y Quimbaya lo cual permitió proponer estrategias para promover la investigación de brotes como la implementación de una estrategia de vigilancia epidemiológica; las variables estudiadas se determinaron de acuerdo a la ficha de notificación de casos colectivos: género, edad, municipio, grupo poblacional, fecha de exposición, hospitalización, alimento consumido, signos y síntomas y resultados de laboratorio. En dicho estudio se analizó la información registrada en la ficha de notificación y se encontró que el registro se hace de manera incompleta, lo que demuestra fallas en los procesos de información continua de brotes de ETA. No fue posible realizar investigación de campo oportuna, ni toma de muestras para adelantar los análisis en el laboratorio con el fin de determinar los agentes etiológicos acerca de los alimentos implicados con respecto al porcentaje de personas afectadas y alimentos consumidos se detectó que el 30.8% consumieron alimentos preparados de menor riesgo en salud pública y entre alimentos de mayor riesgo en salud pública como: pollo 16.25% y 15% huevos; en cuanto a lugares de consumo el sector turístico seguido de la vivienda ocupan el 37.5% y el 53.1% respectivamente. Se concluye que la investigación de los factores determinantes y agentes causales no se ejecutaron adecuadamente.

Las Infecciones Asociadas a las Atenciones Sanitarias (IAAS), constituyen un serio problema de salud pública. Se describe un brote de IAAS en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales de Asunción y las medidas de control implementadas. Estudio descriptivo de serie de casos, entre el 26 de marzo y el 18 de abril del 2013. Fueron utilizados datos secundarios como historias clínicas, registros de enfermería, certificados de defunción, resultados de bacteriología, registros de control de IAAS. El universo estuvo constituido por 12 neonatos, en cuatro se aislaron Pseudomona aeruginosa y en tres Klebsiella pneumoniae BLEE. Predomino el sexo masculino (6/7), la media de edad de 2 días (rango:2-45 días), la mayoría prematuros (5/7). Todos con procedimientos invasivos durante la hospitalización. La tasa global de ataque fue 58% (7/12), con una tasa de ataque para P. aeruginosa de 33 % (4/12) y para K. pneumoniae BLEE de 38 % (3/12). La mortalidad global fue 29% (2/12) y la tasa de la letalidad atribuible a la infección por P. aeruginosa fue del 50% (2/4). Las medidas de control del brote fueron el aislamiento de los pacientes infectados, una enfermera por paciente, se intensifico los cuidados de bioseguridad para procedimientos invasivos y lavado de manos; suspensión de pacientes remitidos hasta que se asegurar el corte de transmisión. Se confirmó dos brotes simultáneos con agentes etiológicos diferentes, P. aeruginosa y K. pneumoniae BLEE. Es necesario reforzar las medidas de control de infecciones y lavado correcto de manos, de manera a prevenir brotes de IAAS en la UCIN.

Plant emergence from seed banks and from asexual reproduction could be strongly influenced by environmental and biological factors. Among environmental factors, animal disturbances deserve special consideration. In this study we test the hypothesis that disturbances resulting from the burrowing activity of Ctenomys affect plant emergence (sexual and asexual) in the south of the cold Puna desert. Richness and abundance of seedlings and sprouts growing in areas disturbed or undisturbed by Ctenomys were recorded at the beginning and at the end of the vegetative season. In general terms, the activity of Ctenomys does not affect richness of emerging species, but does have a significant influence on the type of emergence. Analyses between areas revealed that seedling emergence was significantly higher than sprout emergence in areas showing Ctenomys activity, whereas no significant differences were found between types of emergence in undisturbed areas. Although vegetative emergence was important, plant emergence from seeds appears to be relevant to the recolonization of areas disturbed by Ctenomys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los incendios forestales afectan de manera constante al bosque La Primavera (LP); en consecuencia, las especies arbóreas han desarrollado adaptaciones que les permiten resistir, evadir o recuperarse, una de las cuales es Pinus oocarpa, conífera de amplia distribución en el lugar, cuyas plántulas exhiben un mínimo crecimiento en altura y un estado ramoso que les impide llegar a la etapa reproductiva, y esto se refleja en una baja supervivencia. En el presente estudio se evaluó la regeneración de esta especie después del incendio ocurrido en 2005 en dicho bosque urbano. En 2010 se establecieron sitios circulares permanentes de 100 m2, se registró el número de individuos por parcela, su reproducción por semilla o raíz y se calculó la edad del renuevo. Los resultados indicaron una densidad de 62.6 renuevos por sitio, 83 % de la población fue de reproducción asexual, con una edad de 2 a 9 años, el resto resultó de reproducción asexual con un año como máximo, y presentan un estado ramoso. El área afectada exhibió una respuesta positiva en la regeneración de P. oocarpa; especie que se ha adaptado a las quemas constantes y frecuentes, mediante la modificación de la estructura de su raíz, como una estrategia de resistencia; sin embargo, no mostró avances en las etapas de crecimiento. Este fenómeno conduce a diseñar un plan de prevención y restauración posterior a un incendio para asegurar que los individuos alcancen una altura suficiente para sobrevivir, reproducirse y disminuir, en lo posible, la reforestación que tiene poco éxito y altos costos.

Copyright of Terra Latinoamericana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agronomía Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To determine the probability of controlling the outbreak of COVID-19 in Peru, in a pre- and post-quarantine scenario using mathematical simulation models. Materials and methods: Outbreak simulations for the COVID-19 pandemic are performed, using stochastic equations under the following assumptions: a pre-quarantine population R0 of 2.7 or 3.5, a post-quarantine R0 of 1.5, 2 or 2.7, 18% or 40%, of asymptomatic positives and a maximum response capacity of 50 or 150 patients in the intensive care units. The success of isolation and contact tracing is evaluated, no other mitigation measures are included. Results: In the pre-quarantine stage, success in controlling more than 80% of the simulations occurred only if the isolation of positive cases was implemented from the first case, after which there was less than 40% probability of success. In post-quarantine, with 60 positive cases it is necessary to isolate them early, track all of their contacts and decrease the R0 to 1.5 for outbreak control to be successful in more than 80% of cases. Other scenarios have a low probability of success. Conclusions: The control of the outbreak in Peru during pre-quarantine stage demanded requirements that were difficult to comply with, therefore quarantine was necessary; to successfully suspend it would require a significant reduction in the spread of the disease, early isolation of positives and follow-up of all contacts of positive patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La conservación de recursos fitogenéticos reviste gran importancia en tiempos en que se agudizan las consecuencias del cambio climático global. El género cafeto (Coffea spp) no está exento de estos riesgos, por lo que se buscan alternativas para su conservación ex situ. Específicamente, los métodos de conservación in vitro conocidos como de 'crecimiento mínimo', permiten la preservación a mediano plazo del material vegetal, mediante la disminución del ritmo de crecimiento y de la frecuencia entre subcultivos. Son necesarios estudios acerca del efecto independiente de variaciones en la concentración de macro y microelementos esenciales, en la conservación a mediano plazo de cafeto. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la disminución del contenido mineral del medio de cultivo en la respuesta de plantas de cafeto (Coffea arabica L.) conservadas in vitro por un período entre dos y seis meses. Las plantas, previamente obtenidas in vitro, fueron sembradas en medio MS modificado, con tres tratamientos consistentes en la reducción al 75, 50 y 25 % de sus macro y microelementos. La supervivencia, el número de pares de hojas, la abscisión foliar y el porcentaje de plantas con raíces fueron evaluados a los dos, cuatro y seis meses. En el tratamiento de MS al 50 %, los porcentajes de supervivencia variaron entre el 85 y 100 %, se obtuvieron valores intermedios de pares de hojas y de abscisión foliar, con respecto al resto de los tratamientos. Además, las plantas desarrollaron raíces que les permitieron sobrevivir a pesar de la carencia de nutrientes. Con este tratamiento, que representa un ahorro de la mitad de los componentes minerales del medio de cultivo, se considera factible conservar por un período de hasta seis meses las plantas in vitro de cafeto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burseragraveolens (palosanto) is a native species widely used for its medicinal properties. This specie grows on the banks of canyon and in low and medium mountains up to 1,300 m above sea level on the coasts of Ecuador and Peru. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of auxin-type growth regulators for the regeneration of plant tissue in B. graveolens. Samples of the species were collected in the tropical dry forest located in Quimis, JipijapaTown, Manabí province. Four concentrations of auxin indole-butyric acid (IBA) (2,000; 4,000; 6,000; 8,000 ppm) were used for the regeneration of cuttings of the species under study. After sowing the production of shoots, calluses and roots was documented at different time intervals, as well as mortality. A completely randomized design with four replicates was used. Statistical processing consisted of an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test to check the differences between the means of the treatments. The substrate used was dry forest land, guava land and river sand, in a ratio of 4:2:1. The best results for shoot and callus production as well as lower mortality were achieved with the T4 treatment (AIB at 8,000 ppm dose). In this study there was no root formation in any of the treatments, but presence of callus at 60 days after sowingyielded averages between 5.00 (treatment 3) and 11.25 (treatment 4) per plant.

La Caña Agria (Cheilocostus speciosus. J. Koenig) es una planta floral decorativa, usada en la producción de artesanías derivadas de la Caña Flecha (Gynerium sagittatum. Aubl.), en los municipios de San Andrés de Sotavento y Tuchín, del departamento de Córdoba en Colombia, por sus propiedades para el blanqueamiento de fibras de Caña Flecha. Debido a la escasa presencia de plantas de Caña Agria en los resguardos indígenas de Túchin y San Andrés de Sotavento, se consideró necesario investigar nuevos métodos de propagación con el objetivo de conformar bancos de semillas que permitan aumentar la disponibilidad de material vegetal. Para ello, se seleccionaron esquejes de tallo de aproximadamente 11 cm de longitud, y se evaluó el efecto de tres concentraciones (0,0; 500 y 1000 mg·L-1 de ANA), sobre el enraizamiento. Los esquejes se colocaron en cada concentración por 10 días, y transcurrido el tiempo, se pasaron a bandejas con tierra en condiciones semicontroladas de temperatura y humedad. 30 días posteriores al trasplante, se establecieron los porcentajes de sobrevivencia y de enraizamiento de los esquejes. Como resultado, se encontró que los tratamientos con ANA aumentan la formación de raíces. El mejor tratamiento para enraizar esquejes fue el de 500 mg·L-1, con un porcentaje de enraizamiento del 96% a los 10 días después de la inducción. Por otra parte, Los tratamientos correspondientes a 0,0 mg·L-1 y 1000 mg·L-1 generaron porcentajes de enraizamiento del 24% y 70% respectivamente. El mayor número de raíces por planta con promedio de 8,76, se obtuvo en la solución 500 mg·L-1 de ANA.

Candida auris was identified as a new species in 2009, after isolation in the auditory canal of a Japanese patient (hence its name). It has been considered as an emerging pathogen that mainly affects critical patients who are confined in intensive care units, causing colonization and infection, mainly candidemia and urinary tract infections. It has been related to infections related to health care and is the cause of outbreaks reported in several countries. It also shows resistance to different groups of antifungal agents. So far there are no reports of isolations in Mexico. It is necessary to know the preventive measures to avoid and control their transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vitro propagation is an option for increasing viable asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) propagules. One of the main factors that have an influence in the success of in vitro protocols is the concentration of growth regulators in the culture medium; of these regulators, auxins and cytokinins are the most used. The hypothesis of the study was that the generation and biomass of shoots from the explant increase with the optimal balance of auxins and cytokinins. The objective was to evaluate the effect of auxins and cytokinins on asparagus development in vitro. The experiment was established with a completely randomized design and a 2 × 3 × 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (type of cytokinin, concentration of cytokinin, type of auxin, concentration of auxin) and 48 treatments with three replications each. Rhizomes were cultivated in media to which cytokinins, 6 benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (KIN) and the auxins, indole butyric acid (IBA) and acetic naphthalene acid (ANA) were added at three concentrations of cytokinins (0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1) and four of auxins (0.0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1). After 21 d of incubation, the highest production of turions (43.3±1.1 shoots) was obtained with 1 mg L-1 BAP + 0.1 mg L-1 IBA. With 0.5 mg L-1 BAP + 0.5 mg L-1 ANA after eight weeks of in vitro culture, the largest increase of fresh biomass was 7.12±0.8 g. Rooting reached 66.6 % and the multiplication rate was 3.3 rhizomes per explant. BAP was important for vegetative buds and KIN induced turion elongation. IBA and ANA were essential for the formation of the root system. The balance of cytokinin and auxin concentrations is necessary for asparagus organogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During two years, it has been collected data on the epidemiological condition of foodborne diseases in four municipalities of Quindío. During this time, 32 collective cases were presented involving 240 people of different age groups from the cities of Calarcá, Tebaida, Montenegro and Quimbaya. It allowed us to propose strategies to promote the investigation of outbreaks such as the implementation of an epidemiological surveillance strategy. The variables studied were defined according to the notification form of collective cases: gender, age, township, population group, date of exposure, hospitalization, food consumed, signs, symptoms, and laboratory results. In this study, the information recorded in the notification form was analyzed. As a result, we found that the records are incomplete. It demonstrates failures in the continuous information processes of ETA outbreaks. It was not possible to carry out timely field research. As well to take samples to advance the analyzes in the laboratory in order to determine the etiological agents about the food involved in relation to the percentage of people affected and food consumed. However, it was detected that 30.8% consumed prepared foods of lower risk in public health. Among foods of greater risk in public health the findings are: chicken 16.25% and 15% eggs. In regards of consumption locations; 37.5% at the tourist sector followed by housing 53.1%. It is concluded that the research of determining factors and causative agents were not properly executed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Jatropha curcas L., conocida en México como piñoncillo, es una especie productora de aceite, la cual ha recibido gran atención en recientes años al ser utilizada como fuente para la elaboración de biodiesel debido que sus semillas llegan a producir de 46 a 64% de aceite. Sin embargo, la producción de Jatropha ha demostrado limitado éxito debido al heterogéneo rendimiento de semillas y contenido de aceite. Por tal motivo, se ha impulsado la selección de genotipos con características de rendimiento superiores para ser propagados a gran escala. Por esta razón, la propagación clonal mediante la técnica de cultivo de tejidos vegetales ofrece una alternativa de homogeneidad genética. Por lo que, en esta investigación se estudió la inducción organogénica a partir de hojas jóvenes de piñoncillo de un genotipo mexicano. Logrando el establecimiento aséptico de los explantes en el medio de cultivo Murashige & Skoog 1962 (MS), después de 14 días del establecimiento in vitro, existiendo un 70% de explantes asépticos. Con respecto a la inducción de yemas la mayor respuesta se logro en el tratamiento uno, utilizando el mismo medio básico de (MS) suplementado con 1.0 mg L-1 de 6- bencil-aminopurina (BA) y 0.5 mg L-1 de ácido indol-3-butírico (AIB), logrando la formación de yemas después de 60 días, el porcentaje de viabilidad se presentó en un 37.5%, mientras que el número de yemas adventicias fue de 2.2, todos los tratamientos presentaron la asociación de callo. Mientras que en la proliferación de brotes, la mayor respuesta se presento en el tratamiento dos, mas la adición de 0.5 mg L-1 de BA, con un promedio de 5.14 brotes por explante después de cuatro semanas.

We report an outbreak of norovirus (NoV) which occurred at a military training center in Peru. Thirteen stool samples that were taken from initial cases turned out positive for NoV GII by RT-PCR. A case-control study was performed to determine factors associated with infection.164 probable cases (45.2% clinical attack rate) were identified. The only factor associated with infection was “having shared room with a case” (ORa = 1.7; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.7).Epidemiological findings suggest that the virus was spread person to person. Future investigations of outbreaks of diarrhea in Peru should consider the NoV as an etiologic agent.

Anthurium antioquiense Engl. is a native plant belonging to the Araceae family. It grows on rocks in clear-water rivers and well-protected zones, similar to the waters in certain watersheds of the Antioquia Department, Colombia. Loss of habitat has threatened this promising ornamental plant species, which is also important because of its role in the ecosystem. In vitro tissue culture is considered an efficient alternative for the propagation of endangered species with the aim of establishing short-, medium- and long-term conservation programs. In the present research, in vitro introduction and shoot induction from A. antioquiense seedlings were performed. The highest production of shoots was obtained in a ½ MS (half-salt content) medium with 1 mg L-1 of BAP, which attained a 23.7 shoots/explant per month multiplication rate. The in vitro plants generated from shoots were individualized and transferred to a growth regulator-free medium. Rooting did not require the presence of growth regulators, and the adaptation of the in vitro plants to ex vitro conditions achieved a 98% survival rate.

Con la finalidad de mejorar la propagación in vivo de la especie forestal Cinchona officinalis L., se practicaron varias técnicas de propagación sexual y asexual. Para la propagación sexual por semillas se probaron tres tipos de sustratos más dos testigos: sustrato tierra, arena y turba en las proporciones 1:1:1; 2:1:1 y 1:1:2 más los testigos turba (100 %) y tierra (100 %). Para la propagación asexual se realizaron los siguientes ensayos: a) ensayo de enraizamiento de estacas, donde se probó el efecto de dos hormonas comerciales: Hormonagro 1 y Enraizador H.V; b) ensayo de enraizamiento de brotes, donde se probó el efecto de dos hormonas comerciales: Hormonagro 1 y Enraizador H.V; y c) ensayo de enraizamiento de acodos aéreos, donde se probó tres tipos de sustratos: tierra orgánica, musgo sphagnun y aserrín. El más alto porcentaje de germinación de semillas de Cinchona officinalis L., pertenece al tratamiento T4 (testigo turba) con un 83,33 %, un porcentaje relativamente bajo del 20 % presentó el T5 (testigo tierra); el T3 (1:1:2), el T1 (1:1:1) y el T2 (2:1:1) presentó un porcentaje del 71,67 %; 46,67 %; y 43,33 % respectivamente. Los ensayos de propagación asexual de Cinchona officinalis L: las hormonas enraizantes comerciales (Hormonagro 1 y Enraizador H.V) no tuvieron un efecto positivo en el enraizamiento de estacas, en lo que respecta al enraizamiento.

Bursera graveolens (palosanto) is a native species widely used for its medicinal properties. This specie grows on the banks of canyon and in low and medium mountains up to 1,300 m above sea level on the coasts of Ecuador and Peru. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of auxin-type growth regulators for the regeneration of plant rtissue in B. graveolens. Samples of the species were collected in the tropical dry forest located in Quimis, JipijapaTown, Manabí province. Four concentrations of auxin indolebutyric acid (IBA) (2,000; 4,000; 6,000; 8,000 ppm) were used for the regeneration of cuttings of the species under study. After sowing the production of shoots, calluses and roots was documented at different time intervals, as well as mortality. A completely randomized design with four replicates was used. Statistical processing consisted of an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test to check the differences between the means of the treatments. The substrate used was dry forest land, guava land and river sand, in a ratio of 4:2:1. The best results for shoot and callus production as well as lower mortality were achieved with the T4 treatment (AIB at 8,000 ppm dose). In this study there was no root formation in any of the treatments, but presence of callus at 60 days after sowingyielded averages between 5.00 (treatment 3) and 11.25 (treatment 4) per plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]