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Résumé. Découvert en 1894, « l’Homme des Hoteaux » est l’une des rares sépultures du Paléolithique supérieur connues depuis la fin du xixe siècle. Dès sa découverte, elle suscita débats et polémiques entre chercheurs et ne cessa d’agiter le spectre des ambiguïtés quant à son exhumation et son attribution à l’« âge du Renne ». Tombé dans l’oubli et victime d’une histoire mouvementée, le crâne et la mandibule ayant disparu lors d’une exposition, ce document fait l’objet d’un réexamen de l’état de conservation du squelette, de l’âge au décès et du type de sépulture ainsi que d’une réévaluation de l’attribution chronoculturelle à travers l’analyse des composantes archéologiques entourant le squelette, et d’une datation 14Cen SMA obtenue récemment sur un fragment de côte humaine. Cette datation (12410 ± 50 BP/OxA-31474) exclut l’association classiquement admise du défunt avec un bâton percé en bois de renne daté en 2000 (12830 ± 75 BP/LYON-1132). Elle interroge de ce fait une stricte attribution au Magdalénien supérieur d’autant plus que la révision chronologique et typo-technologique de l’industrie lithique et osseuse soulève l’hypothèse d’une appartenance à l’Azilien ancien. Abstract. The sepulture of Les Hoteaux, discovered in 1894 is one of the first examples of Upper Palaeolithic burials. It has always provoked debate and polemic between researchers as to its exhumation and the chronocultural attribution to the “reindeer age”. Victim of a turbulent history, the skull and the mandible disappeared during an exhibition, this document emerges today from a lengthy hiatus. This fossil is the subject of a re-examination of the state of preservation of the skeleton, the age at death and the type of burial as well as a re-evaluation of the chronocultural attribution through the analysis of the archaeological components surrounding the skeleton and a recent 14C AMS dating on a fragment of a human rib. It is a primary grave of an adolescent. It is dating (12410 ± 50 BP/OxA-31474) excludes the classically accepted association of the skeleton with a perforated baton dated in 2000 (12830 ± 75 BP/LYON-1132). Also, a strict attribution to the upper Magdalenian is questioned because the chronological and typo-technological revision of the lithic and bone industry highlight the hypothesis of an affiliation to the early Azilian.

Résumé. Découvert en 1894, « l’Homme des Hoteaux » est l’une des rares sépultures du Paléolithique supérieur connues depuis la fin du xixe siècle. Dès sa découverte, elle suscita débats et polémiques entre chercheurs et ne cessa d’agiter le spectre des ambiguïtés quant à son exhumation et son attribution à l’« âge du Renne ». Tombé dans l’oubli et victime d’une histoire mouvementée, le crâne et la mandibule ayant disparu lors d’une exposition, ce document fait l’objet d’un réexamen de l’état de conservation du squelette, de l’âge au décès et du type de sépulture ainsi que d’une réévaluation de l’attribution chronoculturelle à travers l’analyse des composantes archéologiques entourant le squelette, et d’une datation 14Cen SMA obtenue récemment sur un fragment de côte humaine. Cette datation (12410 ± 50 BP/OxA-31474) exclut l’association classiquement admise du défunt avec un bâton percé en bois de renne daté en 2000 (12830 ± 75 BP/LYON-1132). Elle interroge de ce fait une stricte attribution au Magdalénien supérieur d’autant plus que la révision chronologique et typo-technologique de l’industrie lithique et osseuse soulève l’hypothèse d’une appartenance à l’Azilien ancien. Abstract. The sepulture of Les Hoteaux, discovered in 1894 is one of the first examples of Upper Palaeolithic burials. It has always provoked debate and polemic between researchers as to its exhumation and the chronocultural attribution to the “reindeer age”. Victim of a turbulent history, the skull and the mandible disappeared during an exhibition, this document emerges today from a lengthy hiatus. This fossil is the subject of a re-examination of the state of preservation of the skeleton, the age at death and the type of burial as well as a re-evaluation of the chronocultural attribution through the analysis of the archaeological components surrounding the skeleton and a recent 14C AMS dating on a fragment of a human rib. It is a primary grave of an adolescent. It is dating (12410 ± 50 BP/OxA-31474) excludes the classically accepted association of the skeleton with a perforated baton dated in 2000 (12830 ± 75 BP/LYON-1132). Also, a strict attribution to the upper Magdalenian is questioned because the chronological and typo-technological revision of the lithic and bone industry highlight the hypothesis of an affiliation to the early Azilian.

International audience; The sepulture of Les Hoteaux, discovered in 1894 is one of the first examples of Upper Palaeolithic burials. It has always provoked debate and polemic between researchers as to its exhumation and the chronocultural attribution to the “reindeer age”. Victim of a turbulent history, the skull and the mandible disappeared during an exhibition, this document emerges today from a lengthy hiatus. This fossil is the subject of a re-examination of the state of preservation of the skeleton, the age at death and the type of burial as well as a re-evaluation of the chronocultural attribution through the analysis of the archaeological components surrounding the skeleton and a recent 14C AMS dating on a fragment of a human rib. It is a primary grave of an adolescent. It is dating (12410 ± 50 BP/OxA-31474) excludes the classically accepted association of the skeleton with a perforated baton dated in 2000 (12830 ± 75 BP/LYON-1132). Also, a strict attribution to the upper Magdalenian is questioned because the chronological and typo-technological revision of the lithic and bone industry highlight the hypothesis of an affiliation to the early Azilian.; Découvert en 1894, « l’Homme des Hoteaux » est l’une des rares sépultures du Paléolithique supérieur connues depuis la fin du XIXe siècle. Dès sa découverte, elle suscita débats et polémiques entre chercheurs et ne cessa d’agiter le spectre des ambiguïtés quant à son exhumation et son attribution à l’« âge du Renne ». Tombé dans l’oubli et victime d’une histoire mouvementée, le crâne et la mandibule ayant disparu lors d’une exposition, ce document fait l’objet d’un réexamen de l’état de conservation du squelette, de l’âge au décès et du type de sépulture ainsi que d’une réévaluation de l’attribution chronoculturelle à travers l’analyse des composantes archéologiques entourant le squelette, et d’une datation 14C en SMA obtenue récemment sur un fragment de côte humaine. Cette datation (12410 ± 50 BP/OxA-31474) exclut l’association classiquement admise du défunt avec un bâton percé en bois de renne daté en 2000 (12830 ± 75 BP/LYON-1132). Elle interroge de ce fait une stricte attribution au Magdalénien supérieur d’autant plus que la révision chronologique et typo-technologique de l’industrie lithique et osseuse soulève l’hypothèse d’une appartenance à l’Azilien ancien.

Resumo O artigo explora a comparação feita por um jovem mamaindê (um grupo Nambiquara situado no noroeste do estado do Mato Grosso) entre os seus enfeites corporais e a carteira de identidade. A importância atribuída a tais objetos, neste caso, remete aos perigos relacionados à possibilidade de perdê-los em situações específicas. Quando se trata dos enfeites corporais, enfatizam-se os riscos e as consequências de tê-los roubados pelos espíritos da floresta. Quando se trata da carteira de identidade, enfatiza-se o perigo envolvido nas relações estabelecidas com a polícia. A comparação feita pelo jovem mamaindê não foi, portanto, apenas entre os seus enfeites corporais e a carteira de identidade, mas também entre os espíritos da floresta e a polícia. Meu objetivo é refletir sobre essas duas comparações contidas na explicação do meu informante, a partir da descrição etnográfica dos Mamaindê. Pretendo demonstrar que esta comparação indica que a carteira de identidade é vista como um enfeite corporal, tal como os Mamaindê o concebem, e não o contrário. Deste modo, argumento que para este grupo Nambiquara a carteira de identidade remete, sobretudo, às noções de alteridade e de transformação, mais do que à ideia de identidade ou de representação. Abstract This article investigates the comparison made by a young mamaindê man (a Nambikwara group from northwestern Mato Grosso) between his body ornaments and the identity card. The importance that the Mamaindê attribute to these objects is linked to the dangers that stem from the possibility of losing them in certain situations. Where body ornaments are concerned, it is the consequences of having them stolen by the spirits of the forest that is emphasised. Where the identity card is concerned, it is the danger of relating to the police that is emphasized. The comparison is thus drawn not only between body ornaments and identity cards, but also between the spirits of the forest and the police. My aim is to consider these two comparisons established by my informant in light of Mamaindê ethnography. I will demonstrate that these comparisons indicate that the identity card is like a body ornament, as the latter are conceived by the Mamaindê, rather than the other way around. I argue that, for this Nambikwara group, the identity card is related to notions of alterity and transformation and not identity and representation.

This article examines the practice of piercing and stretching the lip in order to accommodate a labret in two regions: the North American Northwest Coast (with historical examples from Tlingit and Haida groups) and lowland South America (utilizing ethnographic writings on Suya and Kayapo communities). Drawing on the recent ‘sensorial turn’ within anthropology, I suggest an approach which goes beyond considerations of the symbolism of body ornaments and analyses how the infliction of pain they involve can be manipulated to serve social ends at a local level. Also discussed is the use of labrets within global ‘mediascapes’ (Appadurai 1996) by Kayapo and Northwest Coast groups in the context of self-representation and the politicization of ‘culture’ (Wright 1998). This article examines the practice of piercing and stretching the lip in order to accommodate a labret in two regions: the North American Northwest Coast (with historical examples from Tlingit and Haida groups) and lowland South America (utilizing ethnographic writings on Suya and Kayapo communities). Drawing on the recent ‘sensorial turn’ within anthropology, I suggest an approach which goes beyond considerations of the symbolism of body ornaments and analyses how the infliction of pain they involve can be manipulated to serve social ends at a local level. Also discussed is the use of labrets within global ‘mediascapes’ (Appadurai 1996) by Kayapo and Northwest Coast groups in the context of self-representation and the politicization of ‘culture’ (Wright 1998).

Um debate recorrente na arqueologia do baixo Amazonas e do norte da América do Sul diz respeito à produção e troca de adornos corporais em matérias primas líticas, especialmente dos chamados muiraquitãs. Tais artefatos são frequentementeconsiderados como evidências de interações entre as comunidades indígenas que viveram em diferentes áreas da Amazônia e da região circum-caribenha. Apesar do crescimento do número de estudos nos últimos anos fazendo uso de diversos métodos, muitas coleções permanecem por ser estudadas. O presente artigo faz uma revisão dos estudos acerca de adornos corporais nas duas regiões e propõe uma metodologia para o estudo de contas, pingentes e outros adornos, principalmente em material lítico e concha. Argumentamos que a traceologia pode aportar informações detalhadas acerca das sequências de produção, da duraçãoe das modalidades de uso de adornos, ainda que as coleções disponíveis sejam compostas principalmente por peças já finalizadas ou em um estado avançado da cadeia operatória.

Resumo O sítio arqueológico MMA-02, encontrado na Serra dos Carajás, Pará, e associado à variante amazônica da tradição Tupiguarani era um local especializado na produção de adornos corporais em uma matéria prima lítica, a caulinita silicificada. Principalmente, contas discoides estariam sendo produzidas, o que está evidente na predominância de suas pré-formas e restos brutos de debitagem. Para o presente artigo, foi feita a análise tecnológica de uma amostra do material, centrada no estudo da cadeia operatória das contas, com o objetivo de acessar as escolhas feitas por aqueles que frequentaram o sítio: quais as técnicas utilizadas e como se encadeavam em sucessivas operações no trabalho do material. Ao mesmo tempo, procuramos entender o sítio, tanto dentro do padrão observado para as ocupações Tupiguarani no sudeste amazônico, quanto no contexto mais amplo da região amazônica durante a Nossa Era, na qual a referência à circulação de adornos corporais é uma constante. Abstract The archaeological site MMA-02, found in the Serra dos Carajás region (state of Pará, Brazil) and associated with the Amazonian variant of the Tupiguarani tradition, was a specialized place for the production of body adornments in raw stone material, known as silicified kaolinite. Stone disc beads were the main goal of production, as evidenced by the predominance of bead preforms and cutting products among the collected assemblage. For this paper, a technological analysis was conducted on a sample of the pieces, focused on the ‘operational chain’ involved in the production of beads, with the aim of assessing choices made by those that used to frequent the site: which techniques were used and how were these enchained in successive operations for working the material. At the same time, an effort was made to understand the site both in relation to the settlement pattern observed for Tupiguarani occupations in the Southeastern Amazon, and to the Amazonian context during our Current Era, in which there is continuous reference to the circulation of bodily ornaments.

Este trabajo se presenta como un primer paso para evaluar el papel de los artefactos de adorno personal en el contexto de creciente interacción social que caracteriza a los últimos 2.000 años en Patagonia, partiendo del interrogante de si estos objetos reflejan una instancia más de la presencia de códigos comunicacionales compartidos a escala regional. Se propone como punto de partida evaluar las características del registro de artefactos de adorno personal a través de los distintos momentos del Holoceno en Patagonia continental. Se parte del análisis de las características y distribución temporal de las cuentas y pendientes recuperados en el sitio arqueológico Población Anticura (provincia de Río Negro, Argentina) y se comparan las tendencias observadas a escala local con la información disponible en la bibliografía arqueológica de Patagonia continental. Los resultados obtenidos dan cuenta de la elaboración de adornos personales desde momentos tempranos (Holoceno temprano y medio), evidenciando una mayor variabilidad en relación al registro de contextos datados en el Holoceno tardío. Para estos momentos se observa, principalmente a partir de los últimos 2.000 años, el predominio de cuentas respecto de pendientes y una mayor homogeneidad manifestada en el predominio de morfologías de tipo circular/subcircular y en la selección de la valva como materia prima dominante para su elaboración. This paper is a first step to evaluate the role played by body ornaments in the context of the increasing social interaction that characterized the last 2.000 years in Patagonia. The initial question was if these objects, between others, were another instance of the presence of communication codes regionally shared. In so doing, the characteristics of body ornaments record were evaluated for the different moments of the Holocene in continental Patagonia. The starting point was the analysis of the characteristics and temporal distribution of beads and pendants recovered in archaeological site Población Anticura (Río Negro province, Argentina). Those results were then compared with regional trends obtained from the information available in archaeological bibliography of continental Patagonia. The results show that body ornaments are present in archaeological record since Early and Middle Holocene, showing greater variability in relation to sets dated in Late Holocene contexts. For these last moments, mainly since the last 2.000 years, the predominance of beads and homogeneity in the manufacture are manifested in the prevalence of circular/sub-circular morphologies and in the selection of shell as the dominant raw material for ornaments production.

In an attempt to understand the culture and social behaviour of Mesolithic populations findings of personal ornaments are of particular importance. Personal ornaments in their formal expressions (sea shells and winkles, river snails, animal teeth, modified animal bones) not only point to the universal idea of decoration and aesthetic sensibility, but also reveal mutual contacts and communication paths. Vlakno Cave on Dugi Otok (Croatia) is one of the most prominent Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene sites discovered in Dalmatia recently. Research has been conducted from 2004 with interruptions, and depth of 5 m has been reached in 2013, to the layers belonging to the Early Epigravettian. Throughout many finds of personal ornaments in various strata it is possible to recognize changes in time regarding the type and number of finds. Perforated animal teeth, most of them deer canines, are gradually replaced by sea and river shells and snails. Almost 400 specimens of perforated teeth, shells and snails have been found so far, along with numerous unperforated ones, making Vlakno Cave one of the richest archaeological sites of personal ornaments on Eastern Adriatic coast. Analysis of these objects should show the behavioral change of Mesolithic population and its dependence on various activities.

During the neolithization process in the Near East, alongside the major shifts occurring in the socio-economic organization of the human communities (sedentism, agriculture and husbandry) changes also impacted the techno-symbolic world. The present work aims to characterize and understand one the main material expression in this domain, the personal adornments, by the study of bead assemblages from six Syrian sites dating from the 12th to the 6th millennium cal BC. In order to deal with the great diversity of the archaeological items, e.g. from shell to turquoise beads through bone pendants and clay objects, several methodological protocols of identification, morpho-typological classification and use-wear analysis have been elaborated. The analysis of the beads using this combination of approaches has brought to light the evolution in the conception and use of different shapes, types and materials for this purpose from the final Natufian period to the Late PPNB, as well as the technological development and improvements regarding particularly the transformation of hard stones such as the carnelian. Through the study of the archaeological contexts and the reconstitution of some ornaments, the functions of these objects have been partly addressed. Thus, during the PPNA, the ornaments expressed a social and cultural group affiliation, while from the Middle PPNB onwards they were also associated to the death and to particular funeral rituals. The hypothesis proposed by this work offers promising research perspectives which can be explored by extending the corpus to the adjacent areas (Anatolia, Jordan, etc.) and later periods.; Au cours de la Néolithisation au Proche-Orient, les bouleversements majeurs survenus au niveau de l’organisation socio-économique des communautés humaines (sédentarisation, agriculture et élevage) se sont accompagnés de changements dans le domaine techno-symbolique. Le présent travail a permis de caractériser l’une des principales manifestations matérielles dans ce domaine, les ornements personnels, à travers l’étude des éléments de parure de six sites syriens couvrant la période entre le 12e et le 6e millénaire avant J.-C. Dans une démarche méthodologique visant à traiter la grande diversité des objets archéologiques, du coquillage à la turquoise en passant par l’os et l’argile, plusieurs protocoles d’identification des matériaux, de classification morpho-typologique et d’analyse tracéologique ont été élaborés. L’analyse des objets de parure selon cette approche intégrative a permis de mettre en évidence l’évolution des formes recherchées et des matériaux utilisés depuis le Natoufien final jusqu’au PPNB récent, mais aussi des développements et des innovations techniques concernant notamment le traitement des roches dures comme la cornaline. Grâce à l’étude des contextes archéologiques et à la reconstitution de certaines parures, les fonctions de ces objets chez les premières sociétés néolithiques ont pu être en partie identifiées. Ainsi, durant le PPNA, les parures pouvaient marquer une appartenance identitaire, parallèlement à des parures « rituelles » qui pourraient être liées à la sphère symbolique propre à cette période. A partir du PPNB moyen les parures sont aussi associées à la mort et à des pratiques funéraires particulières. Les hypothèses proposées par cette thèse ouvrent des perspectives de recherche qui pourront être explorées en élargissant le corpus aux régions adjacentes (Anatolie, Jordanie, etc.) et à des périodes plus récentes.

The process of mining and variscite obtention in Gavà during the Developed Early Neolithic and the Middle Neolithic have been studied regarding the results of archaeological excavations, the geological study and experimentation. The following issues have been analysed: the exploitation structures, with differences in shape and distribution between both periods; the mining tools with differences in materials, shapes and use; the products obtained, among which only variscite can be identified; the manufacturing of variscite beads near the mine; the economic and social context of these work processes, not eccepting specialization among Gavà Neolithic communities in mining and bead manufacturing; and the ideological trends related to mining proposing a union with those of agriculture and cattle., A partir de los resultados de la excavación arqueológica, del estudio geológico y de la experimentación se plantean los procesos del trabajo minero y de la variscita durante el Neolítico Antiguo Evolucionado y el Neolítico Medio en Gavá. Se analizan: las estructuras de explotación, con diferencias formales y de distribución entre un período y otro; los utensilios mineros, con variaciones materiales, formales y funcionales; los productos extraídos, identificándose únicamente la variscita; la elaboración de cuentas de variscita realizada en el mismo yacimiento; el contexto económico y social de estos procesos de trabajo, no aceptando una especialización de las comunidades neolíticas de Gavá en la minería y en la elaboración de cuentas; y los aspectos ideológicos ligados a la minería, proponiendo una unión con los de la agricultura y la ganadería.

A research project, which deals with the Gravettian and the Solutrean of the Pyrenees, opened some prospects and allow us now to put back the Gravettian settlements of the Gargas Cave within the technical exchange and/or the raw material procurement networks, in a geographical context that include the Pyrenees and the Cantabrian coastal corridor. The analysis of the decorated bone industry from Gargas by comparison with that of others Pyrenean sites (Isturitz, La Tuto de Camalhot) brought out a regional context, well identified in regard to certain technical and cultural traditions. Then, data provided by the study of the new body ornaments, made on marine or fossil shells, contribute to better understand the social behaviours of the Gravettian groups, who frequented this site with a high symbolical value., Les perspectives ouvertes par un projet de recherche portant sur le Gravettien et le Solutréen des Pyrénées nous permettent désormais de replacer les occupations gravettiennes de la grotte de Gargas au sein des circuits d'échanges techniques et/ou d'approvisionnement en matière première dans un contexte géographique comprenant les Pyrénées et le couloir littoral cantabrique. L'analyse comparative de l'industrie osseuse décorée de Gargas par rapport à celle d'autres sites pyrénéens (Isturitz, la Tuto de Camalhot) a permis de dégager un cadre régional bien identifié pour certaines traditions techniques et culturelles. Dans ce contexte, les données apportées par l'étude de nouveaux éléments de parure en coquillages, d'origine océanique ou fossile, contribuent à mieux cerner les comportements sociaux des groupes gravettiens qui ont fréquenté ce site pyrénéen à forte valeur symbolique.

Perforated shells figure prominently in discussions of exchange systems and body ornamentation during the Mesolithic in Europe. In this paper we discuss assemblages of perforated snail shells recovered from recent excavations of Mesolithic sites in Croatia. Numerous finds are found in several sites in Istria on the Adriatic coast and in cave Zala in Croatia's inland region of Lika. Perforated marine and freshwater snail shells from both regions suggest the existence of regional exchange systems during the Mesolithic between coastal and inland areas.

Les Matis perçoivent leurs ornements corporels comme de véritables constituants de la personne, voire des parties du corps comparables à des poils. Indices, mais aussi vecteurs de maturité, ils sont censés conférer de l’énergie à leurs porteurs et sont transmis de manière graduelle, par petits à-coups, tout au long de l’existence. Outre ce rôle essentiel dans le modelage des destinées individuelles, les ornements matis servent à redéfinir les contours des groupes sociaux, en élargissant la base « ethno-physiologique » sur laquelle reposent les parentèles et en assurant la continuité avec les générations passées. Ils jouent un rôle éminent dans la politique étrangère, aidant à gérer les relations avec les populations voisines, tant occidentales qu’amérindiennes. Enfin, ils reflètent de manière complexe la cosmologie et l’ontologie locales, en tant que supports de discours sur l’au-delà et l’univers des esprits. From Physiology to Cosmology: The Life Cycle and Body Ornaments among the Matis (Amazonas, Brazil). – The Matis (Amazonas, Brazil) consider their body ornaments to be actual constituents of the person, or even body parts like hair. As evidence and vectors of maturity, such ornaments supposedly give energy to those who wear them and are transmitted gradually, little by little, throughout life. Besides this essential function in shaping individual destinies, these ornaments are used to redefine social group boundaries by broadening the “ethno-physiological” foundations of kin groups and ensuring the continuity with past generations. They have a leading role in “foreign policy” by helping to manage relations with neighboring populations, whether Western or Native American. As the basis of talk about the beyond and the world of spirits, they reflect, in a complex way, the local cosmology and ontology.

The focal point for this article is to continue the discourse on the digitisation of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH). We begin by providing a short recapitulation and further conceptualisation of the Tripartite Digitisation Model (TDM) originally published in Volume 10 of this journal. This model is used to show and reflect on a concrete example of digitisation of ICH with an OvaHimba community in Namibia. The point of this is to highlight how community involvement has been facilitated in an on-going research project, and to show the necessity of this community involvement when ICH becomes digital.