Search

In the present study, a green, scalable, and environmentally friendly approach was developed for the fabrication of Bi2S3-decorated CdS nanoparticles with an efficient hydrogen generation ability from the water. As a sulfur source, thiourea was used. The process was completed in two stages: mechanical activation and thermal annealing. The presence of spherical CdS nanoparticles and Bi2S3 nanorods in the CdS/Bi2S3 nanocomposite was confirmed and proved by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, and TEM. The synthesized CdS/Bi2S3 nanocomposites were evaluated for their photocatalytic hydrogen evolution capabilities. The CdS/Bi2S3 photocatalyst exhibited 25% higher photocatalytic activity compared to CdS, reaching a hydrogen evolution rate of 996.68 μmol h−1g−1 (AQE 0.87%) after 3.5 h under solar-light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double Z-scheme Bi 2 S 3 /S-CN/Bi 2 O 3 heterojunction hollow nanotubes with defective structure were synthesized and exhibited efficient photocatalytic amine oxidation owing to the synergistic of each component, hollow nanotube structure, and unique defect-transit double Z-scheme heterostructure. [Display omitted] The rational design of Z-scheme heterojunction hybrid photocatalysts is considered a promising way to achieve high photocatalytic activity. In this study, a dual Z-scheme heterojunction with bismuth sulfide (Bi 2 S 3) nanorods and bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3) nanoparticles anchored Sulfur-doped carbon nitride (S-CN) nanotubes (Bi 2 S 3 /S-CN/Bi 2 O 3) is designed and fabricated through the ordinal metal ion adsorption, pyrolysis, and sulfidation processes using supramolecular rods as precursor. Compared with pristine Bi 2 S 3 , Bi 2 O 3 , and CN, the dual Z-scheme tube-shaped Bi 2 S 3 /S-CN/Bi 2 O 3 catalyst exhibited a significantly improved photocatalytic activity in amine oxidation. The optimized Bi 2 S 3 /S-CN/Bi 2 O 3 nanostructure exhibits a 97.6 % benzylamine conversion and 99.4 % imine selectivity within 4 h under simulated solar light irradiation. The excellent activity of Bi 2 S 3 /S-CN/Bi 2 O 3 nanotubes can be attributed to the characteristic hollow defect band structure and efficient charge separation and transfer achieved by the dual Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism, which was systematically studied using electron spin resonance spectroscopy, Kelvin probe force microscope, and other techniques. The optimized dual Z-scheme heterojunction hybrid photocatalyst maintains the high oxidizing ability of Bi 2 S 3 and Bi 2 O 3 and the excellent reducing ability of CN, thereby significantly enhancing the photocatalytic activity. This research provides a facile and feasible synthesis strategy for designing dual Z-scheme heterojunctions with defect band structure to improve the photocatalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the suitability of multiple bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) samples for the photoreduction of Cr(VI) under simulated sunlight, aiming to elucidate the effect of different sulfide sources (thiourea, thioacetamide, sodium sulfide, potassium sulfide, and ammonium sulfide) on the final structural and photocatalytic properties of this semiconductor. The sulfides were produced through simple precipitation methods, without the necessity of complex methodologies or equipment. Additionally, the effect of thermal treatment on the properties of the Bi2S3 samples was also evaluated. The choice of the sulfide precursor imparted distinct characteristics onto the synthesized Bi2S3, such as distinct morphologies, specific surface areas (SSA), and crystalline structures. Notably, the efficiency of Cr(VI) photoreduction was found to be intricately linked to the adsorption capacity of Bi2S3. In this context, the calcination process emerged as a significant impediment, as it substantially diminished both the SSA and adsorption capacity of the materials. Among the sulfide sources investigated, Bi2S3 synthesized using K2S exhibited superior photoreduction efficiency, attributed primarily to its remarkable adsorption capacity and rod-like morphology. The photoreduction mechanism was determined to be carried out by the direct reaction between Cr(VI) and photogenerated electrons. Regarding operational parameters, initial concentration, pH and temperature had major effects on the photoreduction efficiency; high initial concentrations led to the saturation of the active sites and lower reaction rate constants, whereas lower pHs and higher temperatures favored the photoreduction process. As for the recycle tests of the best photocatalyst, it was discovered a significant efficiency loss between cycles, which was linked to the occlusion of active sites through the formation of chrome-based species on the surface of the photocatalyst. Highlights: Morphology and structure were affected based on the sulfur precursor employed; Photoreduction of the Cr(VI) was strongly linked to the adsorption capacity; The calcination process was unfavorable due to the reduction of surface area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3)‐doped cerium oxide (CeO2) was prepared via hydrothermal method, and by depositing ethyl 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB) on the surface of Bi2S3/CeO2 (Bi2S3/CeO2/EDHB and BCE). The samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, and UV–vis absorption spectrum means. According to the characterizations, Bi2S3 was successfully incorporated into the CeO2 structure (Bi2S3/CeO2), and the prepared BCE/PVC composite films display excellent UV‐shielding property. Moreover, the result of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests indicated that BCE also was barely catalytic thermal decomposition of PVC matrix. This work not only paves an attractive way for the design of the CeO2‐based UV‐shielding agent, but also provides valuable insights into the inspiration to construct high‐performance UV‐shielding composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pure and 6% Ag doped bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) were synthesized via solid‐state reaction method at 500 °C. The X‐ray diffraction method confirmed the orthorhombic phase with average crystallite size ∼25 nm and average lattice strain ∼0.5% and ∼0.6% for pure and 6% Ag doped Bi2S3. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirmed nanobelt morphology. A direct bandgap of ∼3.3 and ∼3.4 eV for pure and doped Bi2S3 was estimated using UV–vis spectroscopy, respectively. AC measurements were performed from 200 Hz to 2 MHz at temperature 223–298 K. Investigation of Nyquist plots of 6% Ag doped Bi2S3 nanobelts suggested space‐charge‐dependent behavior and indicated an negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR). AC conductivity adhered to Jonscher's power law in which the decreasing trend of s‐parameter with increasing temperature indicates correlated barrier hopping conduction mechanism. From this model, hopping distance (∼10−9–10−11 m) and density of states (∼1022–1023 eV−1 cm−3) were estimated. The dielectric permittivity exhibited dispersion at low frequencies due to the combined effect of electronic, ionic, and interfacial polarizations. Presence of two semicircular arcs in the complex modulus analysis suggested the presence of both grain and grain‐boundary effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) thin films were deposited by a chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique (called soft chemistry), while titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were extracted from alkaline batteries. The resulting nanoparticles were then deposited on the Bi2S3 thin films by spin coating at 1000 rpm for 60 s each layer to create heterojunctions of Bi2S3/ZnO and Bi2S3/TiO2. These materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The optical and contact angle analyses were undertaken by UV–Vis spectroscopy and a contact microscopy angle meter, respectively. The calculated band gap values were found to be between 1.9 eV and 2.45 eV. The Bi2S3 presented an orthorhombic structure, the TiO2 nanoparticles presented an anatase structure, and the ZnO nanoparticles presented a wurtzite hexagonal crystal structure. Furthermore, heterogeneous solar photocatalysis was performed using the Bi2S3, Bi2S3/ZnO, and Bi2S3/TiO2 thin film combinations, which resulted in the degradation of Congo red increasing from 8.89% to 30.80% after a 30 min exposure to sunlight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zipserite is a new mineral species discovered in a sample collected from the old mine dumps of the abandoned epithermal deposit Nagybörzsöny in Hungary. Zipserite occurs as anhedral to subhedral, lath-like grains, up to 500 μm in size, in hydrothermally strongly altered rocks. It is found at a contact between bismuth and bismuthinite, also associated with rare ikunolite and joséite-A. Zipserite is silvery white with a metallic lustre. Mohs hardness is ca. 2–3 and the calculated density is 7.815 g.cm–3. In reflected light, zipserite is grey–white, with colour and reflectance essentially matching those of bismuthinite. Bireflectance is weak, internal reflections not present. Anisotropy is moderately strong, with dark blue and grey colours of anisotropy. Reflectance values for the four Commission on Ore Mineralogy wavelengths of zipserite in air [ R max, R min (%) (λ in nm)] are: 48.4, 46.4 (470); 47.8, 45.9 (546); 47.8, 45.8 (589); and 47.5, 45.6 (650). The empirical formula, based on electron-microprobe analyses, is (Bi4.74Pb0.31)Σ5.05(S3.38Se0.56Te0.02)Σ3.96, that can be simplified as Bi5(S,Se)4. The ideal end-member formula of zipserite is Bi5S4, which requires Bi 89.07 and S 10.93, total 100 wt.%. Zipserite possesses a fascinating crystal structure. The average structure is trigonal, with space group P $\bar{3}$ m , a = 4.162(1) Å, c = 16.397(1) Å, V = 245.94(4) Å3 and Z = 2. The structure is built by the alternation of a double bismuth layer Bi2 and the Bi3S4 block which is a three octahedra thick layer. Its general formula can be expressed as Bi2 + Bi3S4, which corresponds directly to the observed stacking. At 98 K, the structure can be described using the superspace formalism with an R -centred trigonal unit cell a = 4.209(2) Å, c 0 = 5.616(6) Å, a modulation vector q ≈ 4/3 c* and the superspace group R $\bar{3}$ m (00γ)00. Zipserite is not only a new mineral but also the first named member of a new sub-group of compounds within the broader family of bismuth chalcogenides, characterised by complex stacking of structural units (Bi2 layers and Bi3S4 blocks). Some of these phases are being investigated as promising thermoelectric materials and synthetic analogues of zipserite could also be inspected for similar physical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of hydrothermal duration on bismuth sulfide/activated carbon composites (Bi2S3/AC) by varying the duration to 8, 24, and 48 h. The primary aim is to delineate the composite characteristics and electrochemical performance of Bi2S3/AC composites, aiming to produce anodes for lithium-ion batteries with high capacity, excellent cyclic stability, and minimal volume expansion. Activated carbon derived from rice husks was synthesized via a carbonization process and chemical activation using H3PO4 as an activator. Subsequently, the synthesis of Bi2S3/AC composites used bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and thiourea precursors through the hydrothermal method that involved three variations of hydrothermal duration: 8, 24, and 48 h, denoted as BC8, BC24, and BC48, respectively. The FTIR test indicates the presence of Bi-S, C=C, and CO groups in the three composite products, signifying the existence of bismuth sulfide and activated carbon. The XRD result reveals orthorhombic crystal forms in the composites, while the SEM-EDX mapping illustrates particle morphologies resembling flower-like shapes. These compositions comprise Bi 74.16 %, S 11.37 %, and C 10.43 %. The GSA test suggests a mesoporous pore size in these composites. In final result, BC24 exhibits the highest electrical and ionic conductivity, measuring 2.12 × 10−3 S.cm−1 and 2.057 × 10−4 S.cm−1, respectively. The CV data of the BC24 composite indicates two reduction and oxidation peaks in the first cycle. Charge-discharge test on the BC24 composite exhibits a specific charge capacity of 445.51 mA.h.g-1 and a discharge capacity of 364.24 mA.h.g-1.

We report the synthesis, characterizations, and hydrogen gas sensing of pure and silver (Ag)-doped bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanobelts. The economical synthesis of Bi2S3 was carried out by the sulfurization of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) using conventional solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the synthesis of pure and silver-doped Bi2S3 nanobelts. Hydrogen gas sensing was studied at room temperature through current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. The percentage response of pure Bi2S3 nanobelts was 4.10%, whereas 2.5% silver-doped Bi2S3 showed a response of 24.01% at 26.66 kPa of H2 pressure. Response and recovery times were also analyzed from the dynamic response curves. Pure Bi2S3 nanobelts showed a response time of 8 s and recovery time of 20.4 s, whereas 2.5% silver-doped Bi2S3 nanobelts showed a response time of 6 s and recovery time of 15.2 s. The silver doping improved the reproducibility, selectivity, and stability of the sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of annealing temperature on the optical properties of Bismuth Sulfide was studied. A chemical bath deposition technique was employed in the synthesis, and UV-Vis spectroscopy (Spectrum lab 752s) was used to measure the optical properties. The measurement was carried out at a wavelength range between 200 nm and 500 nm. The transmittance increased with an increase in wavelength, and lower values were observed at higher annealing temperatures. The absorbance is high at higher annealing temperatures, and its value decreases with increased wavelength. The reflectance also has high values at high annealing temperatures, and its value increases with an increase in wavelength. The band gap was found to decrease with an increase in annealing temperature. It is clearly shown that the annealing temperature greatly affects the optical properties of Bismuth Sulfide semiconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous multivalent ion batteries have attracted increasing attention due to their high capacity, long cycle life, and impressive output energy. Considering that intercalation electrodes are more suitable for long cycle battery compared to the conversion ones, Cu2+ with appropriate ion radii has been chosen as intercalation carriers and bismuth sulfide with the matched lattice spacing as cathode to achieve long cycle life aqueous battery. We have synthesized the micrometer-scale flower-like Bi2S3 by regulating temperature and it is proved to be a perennial phase during Cu2+ intercalation/deintercalation of the Bi2S3 host when charge/discharge with a capacity of 104.5 mAh g–1 retention at 0.5 A g–1 after 1000 cycles. Lastly, build a hybrid ion battery with Zn and ZnSO4 electrolyte, the Bi2S3 cathode for Cu2+ intercalation can reach a maximum energy of 427.5 Wh Kg–1. The study provides a new intercalation cathode for aqueous multivalent ion batteries and will broaden the energy storage system.

In the present study, a green, scalable, and environmentally friendly approach was developed for the fabrication of Bi2S3-decorated CdS nanoparticles with an efficient hydrogen generation ability from the water. As a sulfur source, thiourea was used. The process was completed in two stages: mechanical activation and thermal annealing. The presence of spherical CdS nanoparticles and Bi2S3 nanorods in the CdS/Bi2S3 nanocomposite was confirmed and proved by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, and TEM. The synthesized CdS/Bi2S3 nanocomposites were evaluated for their photocatalytic hydrogen evolution capabilities. The CdS/Bi2S3 photocatalyst exhibited 25% higher photocatalytic activity compared to CdS, reaching a hydrogen evolution rate of 996.68 μmol h−1g−1 (AQE 0.87%) after 3.5 h under solar-light irradiation.

Near infrared (NIR) light, especially NIR‐II, triggered photothermal therapy has gained increasing attention due to its deep tissue penetration ability. The development of new NIR‐II photothermal agent may accelerate the clinical translation. As a semiconductor, bismuth (Bi) can be activated by NIR‐II light. Herein, we developed Bi@bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) core@shell nanoparticles (NPs) as new NIR‐II triggered PTA. The photothermal conversion efficiency of Bi@Bi2S3 NPs was calculated to be 48.39 %. With 1064 nm laser irradiation, Bi@Bi2S3 NPs could effectively induce temperature elevation and kill cancer cells. In vivo experiments further prove that Bi@Bi2S3 NPs can serve as an efficient photothermal agent with well biocompatibility for tumor elimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) is a promising thermoelectric material with earth‐abundant, low‐cost, and environment‐friendly constituents. However, it shows poor thermoelectric performance due to its extremely low electrical conductivity derived from the low electron concentration. Here, a high‐performance Bi2S3‐based material is reported to benefit from the Fermi level tuning by Ag and Cl co‐doping and defect engineering by introducing dense low‐angle grain boundaries. Both Ag and Cl act as donors in Bi2S3, upshifting the Fermi level. This increases the electron concentration without degrading the electron mobility, thereby obtaining improved electrical conductivity. The electron localization function (ELF) contour map indicates that interstitial Ag causes electron delocalization, showing higher electron mobility in Bi2S3. More importantly, dense low‐angle grain boundaries block phonon propagation, yielding an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of 0.30 W m−1 K−1. Consequently, a record ZT value of ≈0.9 at 676 K is achieved in the Bi2Ag0.01S3‐0.5%BiCl3 sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) is a promising thermoelectric material with earth‐abundant, low‐cost, and environment‐friendly constituents. However, it shows poor thermoelectric performance due to its extremely low electrical conductivity derived from the low electron concentration. Here, a high‐performance Bi2S3‐based material is reported to benefit from the Fermi level tuning by Ag and Cl co‐doping and defect engineering by introducing dense low‐angle grain boundaries. Both Ag and Cl act as donors in Bi2S3, upshifting the Fermi level. This increases the electron concentration without degrading the electron mobility, thereby obtaining improved electrical conductivity. The electron localization function (ELF) contour map indicates that interstitial Ag causes electron delocalization, showing higher electron mobility in Bi2S3. More importantly, dense low‐angle grain boundaries block phonon propagation, yielding an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of 0.30 W m−1 K−1. Consequently, a record ZT value of ≈0.9 at 676 K is achieved in the Bi2Ag0.01S3‐0.5%BiCl3 sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conversion‐type electrodes offer a promising multielectron transfer alternative to intercalation hosts with potentially high‐capacity release in batteries. However, the poor cycle stability severely hinders their application, especially in aqueous multivalence‐ion systems, which can fundamentally impute to anisotropic ion diffusion channel collapse in pristine crystals and irreversible bond fracture during repeated conversion. Here, an amorphous bismuth sulfide (a‐BS) formed in situ with unprecedentedly self‐controlled moderate conversion Cu2+ storage is proposed to comprehensively regulate the isotropic ion diffusion channels and highly reversible bond evolution. Operando synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and substantive verification tests reveal that the total destruction of the Bi─S bond and unsustainable deep alloying are fully restrained. The amorphous structure with robust ion diffusion channels, unique self‐controlled moderate conversion, and high electrical conductivity discharge products synergistically boosts the capacity (326.7 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1), rate performance (194.5 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1), and long‐lifespan stability (over 8000 cycles with a decay rate of only 0.02 ‰ per cycle). Moreover, the a‐BS Cu2+‖Zn2+ hybrid ion battery can well supply a stable energy density of 238.6 Wh kg−1 at 9760 W kg−1. The intrinsically high‐stability conversion mechanism explored on amorphous electrodes provides a new opportunity for advanced aqueous storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Conversion‐type electrodes offer a promising multielectron transfer alternative to intercalation hosts with potentially high‐capacity release in batteries. However, the poor cycle stability severely hinders their application, especially in aqueous multivalence‐ion systems, which can fundamentally impute to anisotropic ion diffusion channel collapse in pristine crystals and irreversible bond fracture during repeated conversion. Here, an amorphous bismuth sulfide (a‐BS) formed in situ with unprecedentedly self‐controlled moderate conversion Cu2+ storage is proposed to comprehensively regulate the isotropic ion diffusion channels and highly reversible bond evolution. Operando synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and substantive verification tests reveal that the total destruction of the Bi─S bond and unsustainable deep alloying are fully restrained. The amorphous structure with robust ion diffusion channels, unique self‐controlled moderate conversion, and high electrical conductivity discharge products synergistically boosts the capacity (326.7 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1), rate performance (194.5 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1), and long‐lifespan stability (over 8000 cycles with a decay rate of only 0.02 ‰ per cycle). Moreover, the a‐BS Cu2+‖Zn2+ hybrid ion battery can well supply a stable energy density of 238.6 Wh kg−1 at 9760 W kg−1. The intrinsically high‐stability conversion mechanism explored on amorphous electrodes provides a new opportunity for advanced aqueous storage.

Bismuth sulfide has become an attractive candidate in the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), owing to its open coordination sites, unpaired electron orbitals, and mild electronegativity, but its OER performance is hindered by many deficiencies. The combination of heteroatom construction and vacancy engineering has been used to improve the OER performance of bismuth‐based electrocatalysts, but few studies can clearly describe the roles of dopants and vacancies in improving OER performance. Herein, N dopants and S vacancies in Bi2S3 nanorods via one‐step NH3/Ar plasma etching to investigate the enhanced OER performance are constructed. N dopants and S vacancies both regulated the intrinsic charge ordering of Bi2S3 nanorods, enhancing the p‐band center and Fermi level while also boosting the electroconductivity and wettability of the material. In addition, density functional theory calculations suggest that N doping promoted the adsorption of Bi sites, while S vacancies favored the desorption of S sites. Under the synergistic effects of N dopants and S vacancies, Bi2S3‐based electrocatalysts exhibited a low overpotential of 374 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and satisfactory durability, demonstrating a feasible strategy for exploiting main group element OER electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental impacts and risks of nanomaterials that are commonly used in different technologies are of great concern as their toxic effects on the aquatic ecosystem remain unclear. In this study, bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanoflowers (nfs) were synthesized using a microwave-based hydrothermal process, and their genotoxic effects were investigated in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Bi2S3 nanoflowers were applied to common carp for 96 h. LC50 value (LC50 = 350 mg/L−1) was determined for acute toxicity with probit analysis, and three sublethal concentrations (35, 87, and 175 mg/L−1) were selected accordingly for genotoxicity tests. Such LC50 value − 350 mg L−1 for the common carp makes these nanoflowers non-toxic to aquatic organisms according to the EU-Directive 93/67/EEC classification scheme. Toxicological evaluations of the sublethal concentrations of Bi2S3 nanoflowers demonstrated that the 35 and 87 mg L−1 Bi2S3nfs groups were generally harmless and similar to the control group. Only the 175 mg L−1 Bi2S3nfs group had significant DNA damage frequency and nuclear abnormalities than the control and other Bi2S3nfs groups. To the best of our knowledge, this is a novel data on genotoxicity reported for fish species exposed to Bi2S3 nanoflowers; however, further systematic studies need to be performed to fully estimate the effects of Bi2S3 nanoflowers on aquatic life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth(III) sulfide (Bi 2 S 3), tin(IV) sulfide (SnS 2), and a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) are prepared as a hybrid composites (Bi 2 S 3 –SnS 2 -MWCNT) using a simple hydrothermal method. The as-prepared hybrid composite exhibit n-type thermoelectric (TE) characteristics and an enhanced power factor (PF) value. Bi 2 S 3 –SnS 2 composites are anchored to the surface of MWCNT and form a coaxial structure. The nanostructure formation through bonding between these different materials is confirmed via scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The TE properties of the Bi 2 S 3 –SnS 2 -MWCNT composite is improved by changing the Bi 2 S 3 , SnS 2 and MWCNT content. The maximum PF (∼150.8 μ·W/m·K2) was obtained for Bi 2 S 3 –SnS 2 -MWCNT composite with Bi:Sn ratio of 7:3 and 2 wt% of CNT. The highest PF values were ∼34 and ∼58 times higher than the PF of Bi 2 S 3 and SnS 2 at room temperature. The synthesized Bi 2 S 3 –SnS 2 -MWCNT hybrid nanocomposite can provide important components for fabrication CNT-based TE composites with high conversion efficiency, further advancing TE device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth sulfide-based thermoelectric materials have attracted considerable interest owing to their abundance of raw materials and non-toxicity. However, their poor electrical properties, particularly their conductivity, have limited their practical applications. In this work, a melting method and spark plasma sintering were employed to synthesize bulk Bi 2 S 3 materials. The dopant MoCl 5 was used to regulate the electrical properties of Bi 2 S 3. The results showed that Mo can significantly enhance the conductivity of Bi 2 S 3 compared to other transition metals. The doped sample exhibited an almost two-orders-of-magnitude rise in conductivity relative to the Bi 2 S 3 sample in its pure form. Due to its superior conductivity, the Bi 2 S 3 +1 wt% MoCl5 sample achieved an excellent power factor of 550 μW m−1K−1 which is the maximum ever reported in the Bi 2 S 3 system. Simultaneously, the ZT value of this sample approached 0.70 at 773 K, which is a six-fold improvement compared to the pristine sample. Density functional theory was applied to understand the electronic structure changes of the Mo-doped sample, which revealed that trace amounts of MoCl 5 doping could significantly boost the density of states in the vicinity of the conduction band and shift the Fermi level to the valence band, leading to a reduction in the bandgap and an increase in free electrons. This work offers new insights into the role of Mo elements in thermoelectric materials and provides a good strategy for augmenting the thermoelectric figures of merit of other n-type thermoelectric materials with inadequate electrical conductivity in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most normally primary malignant bone cancer in adolescents. Due to their analogous X-ray attenuation properties, healthy bones and malignancies with iodine enhancement cannot be distinguished by conventional computed tomography (CT). As one kind of spectral CT, dual-energy CT (DECT) offers multiple functions for material separation and cancer treatments. Herein, bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanorods (NRs) were synthesized as special contrast agents (CAs) for DECT, which have superior imaging properties than clinical iodine CAs. At the same time, the high photothermal conversion rates of Bi2S3 NRs can be used for DECT-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) to destroy OS and inhibit tumor growth under the guidance of DECT imaging. Importantly, DECT imaging real-timely monitored that PTT could accelerate the diffusion of Bi2S3 NRs in the tumor, obtaining detailed information on the internal distribution of nanomaterials in tumors around the bone to avoid injury to normal tissues by PTT. Overall, the proposed strategy of DECT imaging-guided PTT appears enormous promise for bone disease treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alloying‐type metal sulfides with high theoretical capacities are promising anodes for sodium‐ion batteries, but suffer from sluggish sodiation kinetics and huge volume expansion. Introducing intercalative motifs into alloying‐type metal sulfides is an efficient strategy to solve the above issues. Herein, robust intercalative InS motifs are grafted to high‐capacity layered Bi2S3 to form a cation‐disordered (BiIn)2S3, synergistically realizing high‐rate and large‐capacity sodium storage. The InS motif with strong bonding serves as a space‐confinement unit to buffer the volume expansion, maintaining superior structural stability. Moreover, the grafted high‐metallicity Indium increases the bonding covalency of BiS, realizing controllable reconstruction of BiS bond during cycling to effectively prevent the migration and aggregation of atomic Bi. The novel (BiIn)2S3 anode delivers a high capacity of 537 mAh g−1 at 0.4 C and a superior high‐rate stability of 247 mAh g−1 at 40 C over 10000 cycles. Further in situ and ex situ characterizations reveal the in‐depth reaction mechanism and the breakage and formation of reversible BiS bonds. The proposed space confinement and bonding covalency enhancement strategy via grafting intercalative motifs can be conducive to developing novel high‐rate and large‐capacity anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the main fission products of nuclear power plants, radioactive iodine isotopes are of great concern because of their great harm to public safety. In this work, a nanocomposite of bismuth sulfide coated with the electrospinning SiO2 nanofibers with a diameter of about 280 nm nanostructure-based membranes (Bi2S3@SiO2) was successfully prepared to dispose of gaseous iodine. Results showed that the adsorption capacity of Bi2S3@SiO2 for iodine can be up to 1180 mg g–1, which is higher than the commercial silver-exchanged zeolite (AgZ) and other bismuth-based adsorbents. Chemisorption is the major adsorption behavior of iodine capture. Thermogravimetric analysis results demonstrated that the Bi2S3@SiO2 nanocomposites were stable up to 300 °C before and after capturing iodine. X-ray diffraction results revealed that BiSI was initially formed and then transformed to BiI3. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the sulfur element remains in the samples after interacting with iodine, and X-ray absorption near-edge spectra further confirmed that its oxidation states are a mixture of S0, S3+, and S6+. The oxidation states of bismuth and iodine are Bi3+ and I–, respectively, revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The reactions between Bi2S3@SiO2 nanocomposites and I2 vapor are as follows: I2 was reduced to be I– and the BiI3 crystalline phase is the final form; S2– in Bi2S3 was oxidized to higher valences (S0, S3+, and S6+), and amorphous phases are their final forms. The research results demonstrated that the nanostructure-based membranes prepared by this work would be a promising candidate nanomaterial for capturing iodine in the plant off-gas streams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During water electrolysis, adding an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is necessary to reduce the activation barrier and thus enhance the reaction rate. Metal chalcogenide-based 2D nanomaterials have been studied as an alternative to noble metal electrocatalysts because of their interesting electrocatalytic properties and low costs of production. However, the difficulty in improving the catalytic efficiency and industrializing the synthetic methods have become a problem in the potential application of these species in electrocatalysis. Liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) is a low-cost and scalable technique for lab- and industrial-scale synthesis of 2D-material colloidal inks. In this work, we present, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time a systematic study on the surfactant-assisted LPE of bulk Bi2S3 crystalline powder to produce nanosheets (NSs). Different dispersing agents and LPE conditions have been tested in order to obtain colloidal low-dimensional Bi2S3 NSs in H2O at optimized concentrations. Eventually, colloidally stable layered nano-sized Bi2S3 suspensions can be produced with yields of up to ~12.5%. The thus obtained low-dimensional Bi2S3 is proven to be more active for HER than the bulk starting material, showing an overpotential of only 235 mV and an optimized Tafel slope of 125 mV/dec. Our results provide a facile top-down method to produce nano-sized Bi2S3 through a green approach and demonstrate that this material can have a good potential as electrocatalyst for HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sensitive and selective label-free photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor was designed for the detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI). The platform was based on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass photoelectrode modified with bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) and sensitized by an electrodeposited bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) film. The PEC response of the Bi2S3/BiVO4/FTO platform for the ascorbic acid (AA) donor molecule was approximately 1.6-fold higher than the response observed in the absence of Bi2S3. The cTnI antibodies (anti-cTnI) were immobilized on the Bi2S3/BiVO4/FTO platform surface to produce the anti-cTnI/Bi2S3/BiVO4/FTO immunosensor, which was incubated in cTnI solution to inhibit the AA photocurrent. The photocurrent obtained by the proposed immunosensor presented a linear relationship with the logarithm of the cTnI concentration, ranging from 1 pg mL−1 to 1000 ng mL−1. The immunosensor was successfully employed in artificial blood plasma samples for the detection of cTnI, with recovery values ranging from 98.0% to 98.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesis of BiPS 4 -Bi 2 S 3 /BiVO 4 photoanodes via photoelectrochemcial transfromation process. • Synergistic effect of BiPS 4 -Bi 2 S 3 co-catalytic layer over BiVO 4 electrodes with enriched PEC performances. • A photocurrent of 3.7 mA/cm2 with nearly 6-fold enhancement is achieved. Bismuth vanadate (BiVO 4) is the most favorable electrode candidate for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting reactions. The poor charge separation and sluggish water oxidation dynamics are, however, the major setbacks of BiVO 4 photoanodes. To address these issues, we demonstrate that bismuth thiophosphate (BiPS 4)-Bi 2 S 3 hybrid nanostructure was photoelectrochemically transformed on BiVO 4 electrodes (BiPS 4 -Bi 2 S 3 -Bi 2 O 3) when treated in Na 2 S/PBS electrolyte, and a notable photocurrent of 3.5 mA/cm2 at 0.65 V RHE was obtained showing promising stability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination evidenced the effective makeover of BiVO 4 into the BiPS 4 -Bi 2 S 3 /BiVO 4 nanostructured matrix. A negatively shifted onset potential and enriched durability are achieved for heterostructured BiPS 4 -Bi 2 S 3 /BiVO 4 photoanodes due to decreased surface recombination. Interestingly, the Bode phase analysis evidenced the faster hole consumption in the water oxidation process in the BiPS 4 -Bi 2 S 3 /BiVO 4 electrode compared to pristine BiVO 4. This methodology can be engaged to design different complex nanostructured materials with tunable optical and electrical features for photoelectrocatalysis, electrical energy storage, and solar cell uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated sensor combines multiple sensor functions into a single unit, which has the advantages of miniaturization and better application potential. However, limited by the sensing platforms of the sensor and the selectivity of the sensitive film, there are still challenges to realize multi-component gas detection in one unit. Herein, a principle integration method is proposed to achieve the multi-component gas detection based on the acoustics-electricity-mechanics coupling effect. The electrical and mechanical properties of the Bi2S3 nanobelts materials in different atmospheres indicate the possibility of realizing the principle integration. At the same time, the surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor as a multivariable physical transducer can sense both electrical and mechanical properties. Upon exposure to 10 ppm NO2, NH3, and their mixtures, the integrated SAW gas sensor shows a 4.5 kHz positive frequency shift (acoustoelectric effect), an 11 kHz negative frequency shift (mechanics effects), and a reduced 4 kHz negative frequency shift (acoustics-electricity-mechanics coupling effect), respectively. Moreover, we realize wireless passive detection of NO2 and NH3 based on the SAW sensor. Our work provides valuable insights that can serve as a guide to the design and fabrication of single sensors offering multi-component gas detection via different gas sensing mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bi 2 S 3 has been considered a promising anode material in the field of energy storage due to its high theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, a significant capacity decline has been observed during the discharge process, attributed to the disruption of the microstructure. To address this issue, Bi 2 S 3 @C ppy nanocomposites have been deliberately designed in this study to enhance the structural stability of the anode and enhance the discharge capacity. The Bi 2 S 3 @C ppy composite exhibits a reversible specific capacity of 388.1 mAhg⁻1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 Ag⁻1, which is five times higher than that of bare Bi 2 S 3. Furthermore, a reversible capacity of 363.8 mAhg⁻1 has been achieved after 800 cycles at a current density of 0.5 Ag⁻1. In-situ X-ray diffraction has been employed to investigate the mechanism of lithium-ion storage during the charging and discharging processes. Subsequently, a full cell comprising a Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 Mn 0.64 O 2 cathode and a Bi 2 S 3 @C ppy anode has been fabricated, demonstrating a capacity of 100 mAhg⁻1 after 100 cycles at 0.05 Ag⁻1. This approach is anticipated to enhance the discharge capacity and cycling stability in various other anode materials. • Amorphous carbon layer coated Bi 2 S 3 composite anodes were fabricated. • The capacity of 363.8 mAh g−1 was obtained at 0.5 A g−1 for Bi 2 S 3 @C ppy. • A full cell of Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 Mn 0.64 O 2 //Bi 2 S 3 @C ppy was fabricated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth-based nanostructures have been used as promising materials for catalytic hydrogen production. Herein, a sonochemical method was developed to prepare solid solutions like Bi 2-x Zn 1.5x S 3 in order to strengthen the Bi 2 S 3 redox ability. Thioglycolic acid (TGA) was used as a complexing agent of Bi3+ to slow down Bi 2 S 3 precipitation, making zinc insertion into the sulfide structure easier. The results of XRD, TEM, EDS, XPS, and DRS analyses suggest the formation of nanocomposites consisting of nanorods of Bi 2-x Zn 1.5x S 3 covered by ZnS nanoparticles, with bandgap widening from 1.16 eV (Bi 2 S 3) to 2.37 eV (Bi 1.53 Zn 0.6 S 3 /ZnS/Zn(OH) 2). The hydrogen generation in an ethanol aqueous solution was investigated under sonolysis, photocatalysis and simultaneous sonolysis and photocatalysis (sonophotocatalysis) in the presence of bismuth sulfide-based nanorods. The hybrid action of light and ultrasounds determined a remarkable synergistic effect on the hydrogen production of the solid solutions. The most outstanding results were found in the presence of nanocomposites containing Bi 2-x Zn 1.5x S 3 , which can have an origin in better charge separation after zinc incorporation. The hybrid action of light and ultrasound produces a synergistic effect on hydrogen production over bismuth sulfide-based nanorods obtained through the sonochemical method. [Display omitted] • A sonochemical method successfully produced solid solutions Bi 2-x Zn 1.5 xS 3. • Thioglycolic acid (TGA) slowed down Bi3+ precipitation, which allowed the Zn incorporation into the Bi 2 S 3 matrix. • Nanocomposites obtained are formed of ZnS nanoparticles closely connected to Bi 2-x Zn 1.5x S 3 nanorods. • A synergistic effect of sunlight and US was observed in the H 2 production over bismuth-based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Years of research have demonstrated that the use of multiple components is essential to the development of a commercial photoelectrode to address specific bottlenecks, such as low charge separation and injection efficiency, low carrier diffusion length and lifetime, and poor durability. A facile strategy for the synthesis of multilayered photoanodes from atomic-layer-deposited ultrathin films has enabled a new type of electrode architecture with a total multilayer thickness of 15–17 nm. We illustrate the advantages of this electrode architecture by using nanolayers to address different bottlenecks, thus producing a multilayer photoelectrode with improved interface kinetics and shorter electron transport path, as determined by interface analyses. The photocurrent density was twice that of the bare structure and reached a maximum of 33.3 ± 2.1 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE. An integrated overall water-splitting cell consisting of an electrocatalytic NiS cathode and Bi2S3/NiS/NiFeO/TiO2 photoanode was used for precious-metal-free seawater splitting at a cell voltage of 1.23 V without degradation. The results and root analyses suggest that the distinctive advantages of the electrode architecture, which are superior to those of bulk bottom-up core–shell and hierarchical architectures, originate from the high density of active sites and nanometer-scale layer thickness, which enhance the suitability for interface-oriented energy conversion processes.

Lattice‐strained Bi2S3 with 3D hierarchical structures are prepared through a top‐down route by a topotactic transformation. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirm the lattice spacing is expanded by prolonged sulfuration. Performance studies demonstrate that Bi2S3 with the largest lattice expansion (Bi2S3‐9.7%, where 9.7% represents the lattice expansion) exhibits a greater electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity compared to Bi2S3 and Bi2S3‐3.2%. Density functional theory calculations reveal the expansion of the lattice spacing reduces the bandwidth and upshifts the band center of the Bi 3d orbits, facilitating electron exchange with the S 2p orbits. The resultant intrinsic electronic configuration exhibits favorable H* adsorption kinetics and a reduced energy barrier for water dissociation in hydrogen evolution. Operando Raman and post‐mortem characterizations using XRD and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal the generation of pseudo‐amorphous Bi at the edge of Bi2S3 nanorods of the sample with lattice strain during HER, yielding Bi2S3‐9.7%‐A. It is worth noting when Bi2S3‐9.7%‐A is assembled as a positive electrode in an asymmetric supercapacitor, its performance is greatly superior to that of the same device formed using pristine Bi2S3‐9.7%. The as‐prepared Bi2S3‐9.7%‐A//activated carbon asymmetric supercapacitor achieves a high specific capacitance of 307.4 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, exhibiting high retention of 84.1% after 10 000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality film capacitors are widely used in many fields such as new energy vehicles, electronic communications, etc., due to their advantages in wide frequency response and low dielectric loss. The dielectric film is a crucial part of the film capacitor, and its properties have an important impact on the performance and use conditions of the film capacitor. In this work, a novel high-temperature-resistant dielectric film was prepared. Firstly, the Bi2S3/rGO-CN fillers were prepared by hydrothermal method combined with cyanation treatment, and then added to the poly(arylene ether nitrile) (PEN) matrix to prepare the dielectric film materials (PEN/Bi2S3/rGO-CN). After high temperature treatment, the fillers Bi2S3/rGO-CN reacted with the PEN matrix, and the composites materials transformed into a thermosetting hybrid film (PEN-Bi2S3/rGO) with gel content of 97.88%. The prepared hybrid dielectric films did not decompose significantly before 400 °C, and showed a glass transition temperature (Tg) of up to 252.4 °C, which could increase the effective use temperature of the materials. Compared with the composite films without heat treatment, they exhibit better mechanical properties, with further improvement in tensile strength and elastic modulus, and a decrease in elongation at break. The dielectric constant of the hybrid films can be up to 6.8 while the dielectric loss is only about 0.02 at 1 kHz. Moreover, the hybrid films showed excellent dielectric stability during temperature changes, and remain relatively stable before 250 °C, which is suitable as a high-temperature-resistant high-dielectric material and is more advantageous for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we have prepared Bi2S3 nanostructures as it has good thermoelectric characteristics, and to enhance the thermoelectric effects, we doped the pure Bi2S3 nanostructures with two different concentrations of copper (Cu). These nanostructures were synthesized at 450 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the successful synthesis of all samples with an orthorhombic crystal structure. The average crystallite size of Bi2S3 was 26 nm, and after doping of Cu of two different concentrations, reduced crystallite sizes, i.e., 21 nm and 16 nm, were recorded. UV–visible spectroscopy showed that the band gap of Bi2S3 nanostructures increased after doping it with Cu. The electrical conductivity measured by the LCR meter showed an increasing trend with increasing doping concentration. DC conductivity was increased, and resistivity is observed to be decreased after doping of Cu in Bi2S3 nanostructures. This might be due to the contribution of charge carriers from Cu. Enhanced Seebeck coefficients measured in the temperature range of 303–366 K were recorded after every doping concentration. In the end, the power factor was calculated for all three materials, and a surprising increase in power factor was recorded for Bi1.85Cu0.15S3 as compared to Bi2S3 and Bi1.95Cu0.05S3 nanostructures. Power factors were recorded as ∼ 0.15 μ W / mK 2 , ∼ 0.58 μ W / mK 2 , and ∼ 1.50 μ W / mK 2 for Bi2S3, Bi1.95Cu0.05S3, and Bi1.85Cu0.15S3 nanostructures, respectively. These all-recorded data prove the suitability of Cu-doped Bi2S3 nanostructures for the conversion of heat into electricity, i.e., for thermoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, phosphonic acid-functionalized carbon nanotubes/bismuth sulfide composite (PAFCN/BS) has been produced successfully by a facile solution reaction method, and it has been characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Because of the efficient synergistic effect of phosphonic acid functionalized-carbon nanotubes and bismuth sulfide, the composite displays excellent electrochemical hydrogen storage and stability performances. Furthermore, the as-synthesized composite exhibits very low charge transfer resistance which signifies fast electron transfer. Based on the facile synthesis of the composite and its excellent performance of electrochemical hydrogen storage, PAFCN/BS can stand out as a promising efficient electrode material in the field of electrochemical hydrogen storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfur (S) vacancies in metal sulfides are of interest in electrocatalysis and photoelectronics, but their effect on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during mechanical catalysis is unclear. This study investigates the impact of S-vacancies in defective bismuth sulfide (Bi 2 S 3- x ) on ROS production under ultrasonic irradiation and organic contaminant decomposition. S-vacancies disrupt the centrosymmetric structure of intrinsic Bi 2 S 3 , inducing piezoelectric effects and enhancing the electrical energy in Bi 2 S 3- x . The positively charged S-vacancies in Bi 2 S 3- x promote the separation of ultrasound-activated electron-hole pairs by capturing electrons. As a result, the optimal rate of H 2 O 2 formation and the reaction rate constant for degrading Rhodamine B dye on Bi 2 S 3- x are found to be 1.9 and 37 times higher, respectively, than those on Bi 2 S 3 under ultrasonic irradiation. The nonzero catalytic efficiency in centrosymmetric Bi 2 S 3 is due to the flexoelectric catalytic effect from nonuniform strain. These results guide the piezocatalyst design and elucidate mechanical catalysis mechanisms.

Abstract Bismuth (III) sulfide thin films are prepared on glass substrates by physical vapor deposition technique. Then, the films are annealed at different temperatures from 150 to 350°C with nitrogen and nitrogen-sulfur atmospheres, respectively. The effect of annealing temperature on the optoelectronic properties is investigated. The layers were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, EDS analysis and Hall effect. The film annealed at 250°C in a nitrogen-sulfur atmosphere exhibited the best condition with an initial thickness of 106 nm and band gap of 1.37 eV. Also, Bismuthinite phase was obtained, close to the stoichiometry with 59.95 and 40.05 at % for bismuth and sulfur, respectively. The charge carrier concentration of 6.9x1019 cm-3 with a n-type conductivity, the resistivity of 0.19 Ω-cm, and mobility of 0.44 cm2V-1s-1 are obtained.

[Display omitted] • Bi 2 S 3 material was synthesized via the SILAR process, enhanced with Ag to boost gas sensing efficiency. • FESEM, EDX, XRD, XPS, RAMAN were used to thoroughly analyze the structure and composition of both pure and Ag-Bi 2 S 3 nanocomposites. • The Ag-Bi 2 S 3 sensor excelled at detecting chlorine gas, with optimal performance at 150 °C across a broad temperature range and low Cl 2 concentrations. • Ag integration improved the material properties, resulting in significantly better gas sensing. • HOMO-LUMO and PCA techniques provided deeper insights into the sensor's performance in diverse gas sensing applications. The gas sensing capabilities of Bi 2 S 3 chalcogenide have been actively enhanced and explored revealing its potential for high-performance Cl 2 gas detection under different environmental conditions and sensing configurations. This work successfully synthesized Bi 2 S 3 material via the SILAR method and further enhanced its sensing capabilities by fabricating Ag-Bi 2 S 3 nanocomposite. Both pristine Bi 2 S 3 and Ag-Bi 2 S 3 nanocomposite films underwent comprehensive characterization utilizing techniques such as FESEM, EDX, XRD, XPS, and RAMAN to analyze their morphological, structural, and chemical properties. Gas sensing capabilities were evaluated across a temperature range of 26–350 °C and varying Cl 2 gas concentrations (0.1–50 ppm). The findings reveal that the Ag-Bi 2 S 3 sensor demonstrates notably superior Cl 2 sensing response, particularly at an operational temperature of 150 °C, suggesting its promising potential for Cl 2 detection. The LOD has been calculated for Ag-Bi 2 S 3 sensor showing results of 0.150 better than pristine Bi 2 S 3. HOMO-LUMO and PCA analysis for sensors has been studied to understand their capabilities with different gas sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nanostructure of inorganic Bi 2 S 3 semiconductor materials has been studied in recent years due to the wide range of features in optoelectronics and nanotechnology. The fundamental properties like low band gap (1.3–1.7 eV), high absorption coefficient, and nontoxic nature have captivated the attention of researchers in the solar cell sector. There are numerous factors to enhance the performance of the solar cell, likewise, annealing temperature is one of the important factors in thin film fabrication to change the morphology, optical, electrical, and structure of the material. In this work, the effects of annealing temperature on Bi 2 S 3 thin films were studied and coincidently it was transformed into the new bismuth oxysulfate material of high band gap and transparent nature in high annealing temperatures. Both open circuit voltage (V oc = 0.75 V) and short circuit current (I sc = 0.06 mA/cm2) have been improved in bismuth oxysulfate thin film than the Bi 2 S 3 phase. We have studied the photovoltaic properties of bismuth sulfide and bismuth oxysulfate materials along with their structure, optical, and surface morphology by using spin coating. The thin films of Bi 2 S 3 material were formed up to 300 °C and above this temperature material was changed to bismuth oxysulfate material supported by XRD, band gap, and EDS results. The band gap of Bi 2 S 3 thin film slightly increases from 1.6 eV to 1.8 eV and is almost constant at 3.7 eV in bismuth oxysulfate structure in increasing the annealing temperature. The nanowire structure of Bi 2 S 3 was changed to the nanowire of bismuth oxysulfate at 420 °C and above this temperature, nanowires changed to spherical nanoparticles at 450 °C. • Annealing temperature effect on Bi 2 S 3 thin film solar cell. • Bi 2 S 3 thin film is changed to bismuth oxysulfate (Bi 6 S 2 O 15). • The color of the sample changes from dark brown to white transparent. • Solar cell performance is improved at high annealing temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective capture and immobilization of volatile radioiodine from the off-gas of post-treatment plants is crucial for nuclear safety and public health, considering its long half-life, high toxicity, and environmental mobility. Herein, sulfur vacancy-rich Vs-Bi 2 S 3 @C nanocomposites were systematically synthesized via a one-step solvothermal vulcanization of CAU-17 precursor. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that the as-synthesized materials exhibited superior iodine adsorption capacity (1505.8 mg g−1 at 200 °C), fast equilibrium time (60 min), and high chemisorption ratio (91.7%), which might benefit from the nanowire structure and abundant sulfur vacancies of Bi 2 S 3. Furthermore, Vs-Bi 2 S 3 @C composites exhibited excellent iodine capture performance in complex environments (high temperatures, high humidity and radiation exposure). Mechanistic investigations revealed that the I 2 capture by fabricated materials primarily involved the chemical adsorption between Bi 2 S 3 and I 2 to form BiI 3 , and the interaction of I 2 with electrons provided by sulfur vacancies to form polyiodide anions (I 3 -). The post-adsorbed iodine samples were successfully immobilized into commercial glass fractions in a stable form (Bi x O y I), exhibiting a normalized iodine leaching rate of 3.81 × 10−5 g m−2 d−1. Overall, our work offers a novel strategy for the design of adsorbent materials tailed for efficient capture and immobilization of volatile radioiodine. [Display omitted] • Sulfur vacancy-rich Vs-Bi 2 S 3 @C nanocomposites were successfully synthesized via a one-step solvothermal vulcanization of CAU-17 precursor. • Vs-Bi 2 S 3 @C exhibited superior iodine adsorption capacity (1505.8 mg g-1 at 200 °C) and high chemisorption ratio (91.7%). • Vs-Bi 2 S 3 @C exhibited excellent iodine capture performance in complex environments (high temperatures, high humidity and radiation). • The introduced sulfur vacancy provides abundant electrons that can interact with I 2 to form the polyiodide anion (I 3 -). • I-Vs-Bi 2 S 3 @C could be immobilized in a commercial glass composition via a low-temperature sintering method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sensitive, accurate and rapid detection of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) is essential for the early diagnosis and clinical management of ovarian cancer, but there is still challenge. Herein, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor based on CdS/Bi 2 S 3 /NiS ternary sulfide heterostructured photocatalyst was presented for the detection of CA125. The CdS/Bi 2 S 3 /NiS was synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal approach. The heterojunction comprising of CdS and Bi 2 S 3 could separate photogenerated carriers, the introduced narrow bandgap NiS could act as electron-conducting bridge to facilitate the transfer of interfacial photogenerated electrons, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Due to their synergistic effect, the photocurrent response produced by the composite was up to 14.6 times of pure CdS. On the basis, a PEC immunosensor was constructed by introducing the CA125 antibody through thioglycolic acid linkage. It was found that the resulting immunosensor showed good performance. Under the optimized conditions, its linear detection range was as wide as 1 pg mL−1−50 ng mL−1, and the detection limit was low to 0.85 pg mL−1. Furthermore, we experimentally tested its anti-interference, stability and reproducibility, and satisfactory results were achieved. The practicable feasibility of the sensor was confirmed by testing serum sample. Thus this work provided a simple, fast and enough sensitive approach for CA125 monitoring. A PEC immunosensor based on the CdS/Bi 2 S 3 /NiS composite was constructed for the detection of ovarian cancer tumor marker CA125, and it demonstrated good performance. [Display omitted] • Ternary sulfide heterostructure CdS/Bi 2 S 3 /NiS was synthesized using a simple one-step hydrothermal method. • The components of CdS/Bi 2 S 3 /NiS exhibited good synergistic effect during PEC interactions. • The PEC immunosensor based on CdS/Bi 2 S 3 /NiS showed high sensitivity, selectivity and stability for CA125 detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a low-cost and environmentally friendly new energy storage device, supercapacitors suffer from a low energy density, significantly restricting their potential applications. Hence, exploring supercapacitors with elevated energy density and wide potential windows has become a key research focus. Metal sulfides are receiving notable interest for their benefits, such as superb electrical conductivity, efficient charge storage, and cost-effectiveness. This study utilized ultrasonic methods to rapidly prepare Bi 2 S 3 nanoflowers, followed by the synthesis of N-doped Bi 2 S 3 through urea pyrolysis. And its supercapacitor behavior of N-doped Bi 2 S 3 in 10 M NaNO 3 electrolyte was studied. The assembled N–Bi 2 S 3 //N–Bi 2 S 3 symmetric capacitor exhibited a high energy density of 112 Wh kg−1 when power density is 7828 W kg−1. The study provides a new scientific avenue for exploring the design of supercapacitors with high capacity and wide potential windows. • Bi 2 S 3 nanoflowers were prepared by the ultrasonic method. • The energy density reaches 112 Wh kg−1 at a power density is7828 W kg−1. • Electrochemical behavior of N–Bi 2 S 3 in water-in-salt electrolyte is studied. • The effect of N doping is investigated by DFT calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) possesses bandgap of 1.30–1.45 eV, perfectly suitable for light‐harvesting materials in solar cells. Carrier dynamics in the Bi2S3 absorber material are determinant for energy conversion performance of solar cells, yet the carrier dynamics and associated recombination mechanism are rarely studied. Taking advantage of spectroscopic study on Bi2S3 nanocrystals, here new findings are uncovered inherent from the unique crystal structure that causes the energy loss in Bi2S3 materials. One is the trap state emission at near‐infrared region, the other is the ultrafast intrinsic trapping in picosecond scale without saturation at 1019 cm−3 carrier density and various decay rates by adjusting excitation fluence. These observations indicate that photoinduced carriers are likely to be intrinsically trapped due to lattice distortion and display different recombination pathways. This study provides fundamental understanding on the detailed carriers dynamics of Bi2S3 nanocrystals and new insights into the optimization of Bi2S3‐based photovoltaic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: A multilayer architecture of layers with different functions alleviates bottlenecks in photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen generation. Precise thickness control within a few nanometers defines each layer's functionality. A Bi2S3/NiS/NiFeO/TiO2 photoanode had a photocurrent density of 33.3 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE under AM 1.5 G illumination. Noble-metal-free seawater splitting was performed in an integrated PEC-electrocatalytic cell with an NiS electrocathode and Bi2S3/NiS/NiFeO/TiO2 photoanode. Years of research have demonstrated that the use of multiple components is essential to the development of a commercial photoelectrode to address specific bottlenecks, such as low charge separation and injection efficiency, low carrier diffusion length and lifetime, and poor durability. A facile strategy for the synthesis of multilayered photoanodes from atomic-layer-deposited ultrathin films has enabled a new type of electrode architecture with a total multilayer thickness of 15–17 nm. We illustrate the advantages of this electrode architecture by using nanolayers to address different bottlenecks, thus producing a multilayer photoelectrode with improved interface kinetics and shorter electron transport path, as determined by interface analyses. The photocurrent density was twice that of the bare structure and reached a maximum of 33.3 ± 2.1 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE. An integrated overall water-splitting cell consisting of an electrocatalytic NiS cathode and Bi2S3/NiS/NiFeO/TiO2 photoanode was used for precious-metal-free seawater splitting at a cell voltage of 1.23 V without degradation. The results and root analyses suggest that the distinctive advantages of the electrode architecture, which are superior to those of bulk bottom-up core–shell and hierarchical architectures, originate from the high density of active sites and nanometer-scale layer thickness, which enhance the suitability for interface-oriented energy conversion processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to develop nanomaterials that can be used as sensitizers in radiotherapy treatment. The synthesis of bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) particles with nanometer size by the hot injection method was studied as well as their behavior when coated with a biocompatible agent. The hot injection method allowed us to synthesize Bi2S3 nanorods measuring in average 4.2 ± 1.4 nm in width and 27.5 ± 16.3 nm in length. Moreover, to improve their biocompatibility, these nanorods were coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone with the purpose of studying the behavior of nanorods in the bloodstream. The results indicated that the suspensions were more stable when the media had protein components which may facilitate the blood circulation of the particles. The toxicity of the nanorods and their radiosensitization potential were evaluated and determined in breast cancer cells (MCF7). These results show that the synthesized nanorods did not evidence cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 2500 μg/mL, over 72 h of incubation. On the other hand, the sensitivity of MCF7 cells with and without nanorods in the culture medium, afterward irradiating them with a dose of 2 Gy 60Co gamma radiation source, showed a 38% increase in cell death when compared to cells that were only irradiated. Our results show that Bi2S3 nanorods are very promising as anticancer agents improving the efficiency of radiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]