Bi2S3 for aqueous copper ion battery based intercalation chemistry

Aqueous multivalent ion batteries have attracted increasing attention due to their high capacity, long cycle life, and impressive output energy. Considering that intercalation electrodes are more suitable for long cycle battery compared to the conversion ones, Cu2+ with appropriate ion radii has been chosen as intercalation carriers and bismuth sulfide with the matched lattice spacing as cathode to achieve long cycle life aqueous battery. We have synthesized the micrometer-scale flower-like Bi2S3 by regulating temperature and it is proved to be a perennial phase during Cu2+ intercalation/deintercalation of the Bi2S3 host when charge/discharge with a capacity of 104.5 mAh g–1 retention at 0.5 A g–1 after 1000 cycles. Lastly, build a hybrid ion battery with Zn and ZnSO4 electrolyte, the Bi2S3 cathode for Cu2+ intercalation can reach a maximum energy of 427.5 Wh Kg–1. The study provides a new intercalation cathode for aqueous multivalent ion batteries and will broaden the energy storage system.