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The exam on assembly law and police law deals with the topic of the Palestine demonstrations. Two German citizens with Palestinian roots, A and B, demonstrate for Palestine. There is a confiscation of an Israel-critical banner and a dispersal of the assembly in front of a synagogue. A's lawsuit against the confiscation of the banner is rejected due to its legality. The dispersal of the assembly and the detention of B are deemed lawful. [Extracted from the article]

Under the banner of evidence‐based policy, evidence reviews—summaries of existing studies on an intervention—have become an established form of policy analysis. Whereas evidence reviews have typically focused on studies of an intervention as delivered, interest is growing in examining the specific elements that comprise the intervention and that contribute to its success—broadly referred to as its core components. Understanding the core components of interventions allows policymakers to identify with greater precision what works, in which contexts, and for which populations. With the aim toward advancing core components analysis for policy design, this Research Note describes and compares four synthesis approaches for identifying core components in the context of evidence reviews: the distillation and matching model, meta‐regression, framework synthesis, and qualitative comparative analysis. The article then reflects on how to advance core components analysis in evidence reviews to better inform policy design and the policymaking process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Labour’s social imaginary in the Federation period 1901–02 was constituted by a symbolic order summoned to represent participation and performance under the terms of the liberal state. Labour’s social imaginary functioned through structures and forms of display that were inherited from existing patterns and imaginings of governance, and which the movement adapted in its own forms and interests. It was expressed in parades and banquets, in the display of union banners; evident in public meetings and deputations, in the formal domains of conference and congress. Labour’s social imaginary was observed in the surveillance of the mainstream daily press and expressed in an increasingly sophisticated labour press. This process was at once an accommodation with the terms of the liberal state and political culture, and a challenge posed to it. The labour movement’s participation in liberal governance in the post-Federation period was a complex process of accommodation and assertion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I approach Hegel's philosophy under the banner of a "Keplerian Revolution", the implicit reference being, of course, to Kant's supposed Copernican philosophical revolution. Kepler had been an early supporter of the Copernican paradigm in astronomy, but went well beyond his predecessor, and so is invoked here in an attempt to capture some of the important ways in which Hegel attempted to go beyond the philosophy of Kant. To make these issues more determinate, however, Hegel's Keplerian orientation will not be presented in its contrast to Kant's "Copernicanism" as such, but as contrasted with that of another early follower of Copernicus, Giordano Bruno, and this Brunian orientation will be used to characterize Kant's philosophy as seen from Hegel's rival Keplerian point of view. Interpreting Hegel as a philosophical Keplerian will require that we broach those worrisome aspects of Kepler's astronomy, namely his support for Plato's cosmology and the tradition of the "music of the spheres", but this will be shown to have connections to Hegel's own approach to logic. This in turn will help shed light on the meaning of Hegel's form of idealism and, in particular, on its usually unacknowledged Platonic dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Color Garments Encouragement Banner was designated a Korean Heritage in 2014 to recognize it as the most significant object of the color garments encouragement campaign. However, despite its significance, nothing is known about its manufacture. Therefore, this study attempted to analyze the materials of the banners to estimate when they were manufactured and repaired. The investigation of materials on the banner involved visual examination, literature review, microscopy, SEM–EDS, FT-IR, Py-GC–MS, ICP-MS, and LC–MS. The fabric, patch, and threads comprising the artifact were identified as cotton. FT-IR and Py-GC–MS confirmed that the repair patch was a woven blend of polyester and cotton yarns. EDS analysis indicated that the polyester was treated with titanium delustering. ICP-MS detected high concentrations of chromium that were not used in traditional dyeing techniques. The azo and sulfur compounds were identified by LC–MS analysis. The material layered on the grommet patch was thought to be a mixture of Pb, Ti with CaCO3 and BaSO4. Based on the overall results, the production date of the banner was narrowed down to the late 1920s, and the repair date to the mid-1950s. Although the materials used could not be identified owing to the limitations of the applicable analysis. Nonetheless, it is hoped that the analyses conducted in this study can serve as a scientific foundation for dating modern cultural heritage objects with limited handed-down record and historical documentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People rely on search engines for information in critical contexts, such as public health emergencies–but what makes people trust some search results more than others? Can search engines influence people's levels of trust by controlling how information is presented? And, how does the presence of misinformation influence people's trust? Research has identified both rank and the presence of misinformation as factors impacting people's search behavior. Here, we extend these findings by measuring the effects of these factors, as well as misinformation warning banners, on the perceived trustworthiness of individual search results. We conducted three online experiments (N = 3196) using Covid-19-related queries, and found that although higher-ranked results are clicked more often, they are not more trusted. We also showed that misinformation does not damage trust in accurate results displayed below it. In contrast, while a warning about unreliable sources might decrease trust in misinformation, it significantly decreases trust in accurate information. This research alleviates some concerns about how people evaluate the credibility of information they find online, while revealing a potential backfire effect of one misinformation-prevention approach; namely, that banner warnings about source unreliability could lead to unexpected and nonoptimal outcomes in which people trust accurate information less. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A P 5 is a path on 5 vertices, a banner is a graph obtained by adding a pendant edge to a vertex of a quadrilateral and a hammer is a graph obtained from a K 5 by deleting a banner as a partial subgraph. A graph G is perfect if χ (H) = ω (H) for each induced subgraph H of G. We say that G admits a perfect division if V (G) can be partitioned into two subsets A and B such that G [ A ] is perfect and ω (G [ B ]) < ω (G) , and say that G admits a 2-division if E (G) = 0̸ or V (G) can be partitioned into two subsets A and B such that max { ω (G [ A ]) , ω (G [ B ]) } < ω (G). Furthermore, G is perfectly divisible if each induced subgraph H of G admits a perfect division, and G is 2-divisible if each induced subgraph H admits a 2-division. In this paper, we show that each (P 5 , banner)-free graph is perfectly divisible, and show that each (P 5 , C 5 , banner, hammer)-free graph G is ω 3 2 (G) -colorable. For every P 5 -free graph G with α (G) ≥ 3 , we show that G admits a 2-division if G is banner-free, and G is perfect if G is connected and K 1 , 3 -free. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What remains of a national day after it has passed? Weeks after it has ended banners celebrating China's 'birthday' on October first can still be seen all over Hong Kong. As government and pro‐China organizations hang up banners and flags all around Hong Kong, celebrating the birthday of the nation. These flags remind the people in Hong Kong that they are part of China, despite some thinking otherwise. I argue that these banners serve to 1. Remind people of Hong Kong's subordinate position within the nation state of China, 2. Show how the nation is performed, and 3. force the nation onto people as a forceful rather than a banal gesture. Drawing on theories of affect and space, ethnography, and photos taken by the author, this study adds to the theory and process of everyday nation‐making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Computer und Recht is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article "Yahwistic Identity in the Achaemenid period" by Gad Barnea examines the dual identity of the Elephantine Yahwists during the Achaemenid period. The members of the community identified themselves as both Yhwdy (Jews) and 'rmy (Arameans). The article shows that the Elephantine Yahwists had a complex identity that cannot simply be reduced to a single category. It is argued that ethnic identity markers, when used in a military context, can be assimilated by members of other ethnicities serving under the same banner, creating the phenomenon of "multiple identities". The Elephantine Yhwdy' were already part of a unified Yahwistic ethnic identity when they landed on the island. [Extracted from the article]

The report deals with a systematic analysis of the content of the Palestinian narrative, its tools, and documents, in contrast to the Israeli narrative, its tools and documents. The report shows the Israeli methodology used in promoting its narrative based on the fact that it is the victim and that the Palestinians are a terrorist group targeting civilians in Israel. Thus, the events of October 7 and what followed are being falsified and fabricated through the Israeli narrative. In exchange, the Palestinian banner presents facts from the field and without any modification, despite the dominance of the Israeli narrative in the early days in the West and at the digital and traditional media levels. Nevertheless, the Palestinian banner made a noticeable breakthrough at the public, parliamentary, and media levels, even though the battle is still raging and renewed. At every turn, the report revealed the importance of social media and communication with the general public and the importance of mass movements in support of the Palestinian cause. Social media is essentially important in establishing the Palestinian narrative and accusing the Israeli occupation of practicing genocide. The report also revealed the importance of individual roles, not to mention the collective and institutional media roles in this path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For centuries, people use many tactics to display their disagreement or rejection of an action or behavior that is not in favor of them. Usually, they assemble in large numbers and use banners, flags, slogans, etc., to exhibit their anger and frustration. Actually, the banners & flags work as an instigator for violent behavior in a crowd, on the other side; it also helps law enforcement agencies to understand the intent of the crowd. The goal of security forces is to identify and isolate unlawful material that may instigate violent action in the crowd. Thus, identification of banners at the genesis level of the crowd is very important to control and manage the probability of violent behavior in the crowd. To support security forces in their decision-making process, here we developed a system that employs pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models to automatically recognize banners in an image or video. To achieve this, the present work also releases the DIAT Banner Dataset our novel dataset, mostly based on Indian protest events that include 1017 images. Using this dataset, we train pre-trained models and illustrate its result. A novel data augmentation technique referred to as the sliding window with histogram matching is introduced for dealing with the data insufficiency problem and also demonstrates its effectiveness as it improves the accuracies of all pre-trained models by an average of 7.37%. In this study, ResNet50 exceeds other pre-trained CNN models by obtaining 99.4% accuracy, after comparing the performance of several pre-trained models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The banners are a difficult topic to address in scientific research due to the lack of material archaeological sources and evidences. In this regard, what has been found does not satisfy a researcher's passion for a comprehensive study of flags and banners of all kinds. One of these few archaeological evidences is known as Portulan charts (nautical charts). In this paper, we will highlight the flags and banners of the Central Maghreb, which were drawn on these charts, mainly in the first phase that witnessed the manufacture and development of Portulan charts in the 8th CenturyHijri, 14th century AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design plays a major role in online advertising. While specific aspects such as color or animation have been extensively studied, there is a surprising lack of comprehensive research on the overall impact of visual design and aesthetics. This study delved into the effects of varying levels of visual complexity in banner ads using the eye-tracking method. Out of 108 participants browsing test webpages with specially designed banners, data from 90 adequately measured data sets were used in the study. Notably, ads with a low level of visual complexity outperformed ads with a high level of visual complexity. While users noticed complex ads slightly faster (by 0.84%), they fixated on them significantly less (by 9.09%) and looked at them less frequently (by 4.79%). An implemented survey questionnaire examining the user perception of the banners reinforced the superiority of simple ads, as they were perceived as 4.40% more appealing in comparison. The study further delved into the correlation between objectively and subjectively evaluated data, exploring the credibility of subjective methods in the process. Considering our results and findings from other studies, it was evident that visually complex ads demanded more cognitive effort, could be more distracting, negatively impacted attention, could contribute to banner blindness and were perceived as less appealing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the discovery and characteristics of a unique redbud cultivar, Cercis canadensis 'Arnold Banner,' which is a periclinal chimera with nearly white flowers retaining pink nectar guides. Topics include the origin, description, and performance of the cultivar, as well as its dissemination through the "Arnold Selects" program to various nursery partners.

An exploration of two decades of (queer, trans, Jewish) cultural work within justice movements drawing on Stephen Sondheim's work – banners, backpatches, rewritten lyrics, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online advertising banners are often subject to banner blindness, meaning that people avoid looking at them. The current study examines whether web surfing while watching television, a form of media multitasking, influences how people respond to online ad banners. The experimental study examines whether people respond differently to an online ad banner which thematically fits with the website content (i.e., banner congruity) and which is animated (i.e., banner animation), taking into account the relevance between media tasks (whether the content of the television program and the website are related). Individuals' cognitive (visual attention paid to the banner, measured by eye-tracking technology) and attitudinal (online banner irritation) advertising responses are measured as dependent variables. The results indicate that during media multitasking with high task relevance, higher visual attention was obtained for an incongruent (versus congruent) ad banner. When task relevance was low, no such differences were found. This two-way interaction effect was not significant for banner irritation. Further, a significant three-way interaction with task relevance, banner congruity, and banner animation was found on banner irritation but not on visual attention. Concretely, the lowest levels of banner irritation were obtained for a congruent, animated banner in a media multitasking context with high task relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open-pit coal mine landslides are a common hazard, and a major mine landslide disaster occurred on February 22, 2023, at the Xinjing mine in Alxa Left Banner, China. In this study, multi-source remote sensing techniques, combined with actual environmental conditions, were used to conduct a preliminary investigation of the pre-deformation and driving factors of this mine landslide. Sentinel-1A radar remote sensing imagery was utilized to monitor the pre-deformation of the landslide disaster using time-series InSAR techniques. Based on the results of the field survey, it was found that the actual engineering slope angle exceeded the standard, emerging as the main factor triggering the landslide in the Xinjing mine. Additionally, high temporal and spatial resolution PlanetScope optical remote sensing imagery identified the infiltration of snowmelt into the rock mass as a potential factor increasing the susceptibility of the slope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various forms of multimodal fan communication, e.g. choreographies, chants, and banners, have been understudied in linguistic research on the language and linguistics of football to date. In particular, banners have received almost no attention despite the fact that they are one of the most visible and attention-getting forms of direct fan communication in the stadium. Fan banners are often used to visually express protest through rather unconventional and creative linguistic forms of provocation. The massive commercialization and marketization of football has been subject to fundamental criticism that has caused conflicts and tensions in which defiant fan subcultures protest the unwanted modernization and sell-out of the game. In this paper I apply a netnographic approach and analyse the linguistic-semiotic characteristics and (meta-)pragmatic functions of protest banners displayed in stadia across Germany in early 2020. The findings suggest that meaning-making through fan banners and the de-coding of that meaning necessitates an understanding of the interplay of materiality, colour, text, imagery and sometimes temporality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banner clouds are clouds in the lee of steep mountains or sharp ridges on otherwise cloud-free days. Previous studies investigated various aspects of banner cloud formation in numerical simulations, most of which were based on idealized orography and a neutrally stratified ambient atmosphere. The present study extends these simulations in two important directions by 1) examining the impact of various types of orography ranging from an idealized pyramid to the realistic orography of Mount Matterhorn and 2) accounting for an ambient atmosphere that turns from neutral to stably stratified below the mountain summit. Not surprisingly, realistic orography introduces asymmetries in the spanwise direction. At the same time, banner cloud occurrence remains associated with a coherent area of strong uplift, although this region does not have to be located exclusively in the lee of the mountain any longer. In the case of Mount Matterhorn with a westerly ambient flow, a large fraction of air parcels rises along the southern face of the mountain, before they reach the lee and are lifted into the banner cloud. The presence of a shallow boundary layer with its top below the mountain summit introduces more complex behavior compared to a neutrally stratified boundary layer; in particular, it introduces a dependence on wind speed, because strong wind is associated with strong turbulence that is able to raise the boundary layer height and, thus, facilitates the formation of a banner cloud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to better understand the effect of visual attention on the processing of banner and native advertisements on Facebook and consequently on brand recognition and brand attitude. Using an eye-tracking experiment (N = 90), we show that a native advertisement attracts more and longer visual attention (i.e., total fixation duration, fixation count, and average visit duration) compared to a banner advertisement. Moreover, we show that longer visual attention (i.e., total fixation duration and average visit duration) increases persuasion knowledge and the recognition of an advertisement, which in turn leads to better brand recognition. Second, we show that neither conceptual persuasion knowledge nor critical processing mediates the effect of visual attention on brand attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Aiming to reduce distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks by alerting the consciences of Internet users, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of four warning banners displayed as online ads (deterrent—control, social, informative, and reorienting) and the contents of their two linked landing pages. Methods: We implement a 4 × 2 quasi-experimental design on a self-selected sample of Internet users to measure the engagement generated by the ads and the pages. Engagement is measured on the ads as the ratio of clicks to impressions and on the pages as percentage of page scrolled, average session duration, video interaction rate, and URLs click rate. Results: Social ads generate significantly more engagement than the rest with low to medium effect sizes. Data reveal no differences in engagement between both landing page designs. Conclusions: Social messages may be a better alternative for engaging with potential cyber offenders than the traditional deterrent messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is a country that is famous for its various ethnic cultures. In terms of agriculture, Indonesia produces diverse and unique food products. Pecel Lele is one of the culinary items that spreads throughout Indonesia. It is closely related to urbanization and big cities. Banners at this time are used as a promotional medium that is quite popular, because the prices are cheap and the process is very fast. The Lamongan catfish Pecel banner is placed in front of the shop, and apart from being a cover for the front and sides of the shop, it also serves as an advertisement to the target audience. This study uses a qualitative approach that emphasizes the construction of narratives or textual descriptions. The research is focused on the existence of Pecel Lele Lamongan, and identifying the visual form of the Pecel Lele Lamongan banner. This banner has both verbal and visual content. Illustration and color are important elements in the Pecel Lele Lamongan banner. Besides having a role as a form of contrast, it also creates character identity. Overall, the presence of verbal and visual elements on the Pecel Lele Lamongan banner cannot be separated from its philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Companies use banners extensively to promote their products, and the intelligent automatic synthesis of banners is a challenging event. Under the premise of inputting only a small amount of information such as product, text and size, it can synthesize styles with high freedom and richness, but at the same time, it must satisfy the design specifications of advertisers for advertising and scenes. We propose an intelligent banner design framework that strikes a balance between creative freedom and design rules, called smartbanner. Smartbanner consists of planner, actuator, adjuster and generator. The banner is synthesized through the combined framework, which fully liberates the designer and reduces the threshold and cost of design. It increases the click-through rate by 30%, improves the human efficiency of designers by 500% under the condition of ensuring the quality of creation, and synthesizes hundreds of millions of pictures in batches throughout the year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al Malweah for Archaeological & Historical Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Simple Summary: The cashmere goat's double coat is characterized by long and coarse guard hair, which provides mechanical protection, and short and fine down hair, the luxury cashmere fiber, which provides thermal protection to the animal. The main commercial attributes of cashmere fiber are its length and fineness and the coarse guard hair is usually discarded by the textile industry. The aim of this study was to describe the phenotypic correlation between the characteristics of the coarse guard hair and the other fiber. In cashmere production studies, few trials have considered the guard hair features and their correlation with down fiber attributes. In this preliminary work, early observations on 158 one year old Chinese Alashan Left Banner White Cashmere goats were carried out. The aim was to describe the phenotypic correlation between the guard hair length and other fiber traits. The guard hair length was positively correlated with guard hair diameter and the down fiber length. Negative correlations were found between guard hair length and the coefficient of variation of guard hair diameter, between the guard hair diameter and its coefficient of variation, and between the down fiber diameter and the coefficient of variation of down fiber diameter. The body weight at first combing was not correlated with any of the other traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The responses of grassland net primary productivity (NPP) to climate change (CC) and human activities (HA) have received much attention and are inconsistent on different spatial scales. The accurate and quantitative evaluation of the impacts of CC and HA on grassland NPP at a county scale is very important to reveal the external driving factors on grassland NPP and guide the protection of the grassland ecosystem in the arid sandy area of China. In this study, the improved CASA model was adopted to quantify the grassland NPP in Otog Banner, China from 2001 to 2020. The spatiotemporal dynamics of grassland NPP and the relationships between grassland NPP and climate factors in space were analyzed using the methods of simple linear regression and relative sensitivity coefficient. Furthermore, the relative contributions to grassland NPP dynamics caused by CC and HA were explored using the quantitative method based on partial derivative. The results revealed that the mean value of grassland NPP was 175.17 g C m−2 yr−1, and exhibited a significant decrease trend periodically at a rate of 2.14 g C m−2 yr−1 from 2001 to 2020. The spatial distribution of grassland NPP increased from west to east gradually and ranged in 17.48–498.09 g C m−2 yr−1. Grassland NPP exhibited significant linear patterns along the gradients of climate factors, and was the most sensitive to sunshine duration (SSD). Approximately 86.83% of the grassland showed a degradation trend and 39.71% showed a serious degradation trend. The CC contribution to grassland NPP dynamics was 0.593 g C m−2 yr−1, and precipitation was the key driving climate factor, while the contribution of HA was −2.733 g C m−2 yr−1, which was the primary factor leading to large-scale degradation of grassland in Otog banner. This study indicates that the status of the grassland ecosystem in Otog Banner is not optimistic, and measures for grassland ecosystem restoration and improvement need to be further strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidental catch of non-target species in fishing gear (i.e., bycatch) is a global threat to sustainability and conservation in marine systems. Seabirds experience substantial bycatch mortality, with gillnets having the greatest impacts of any fishing gear. Widespread mitigation to reduce seabird bycatch in gillnet fisheries is tenuous, and information on bycatch in inshore surface-set gillnets remains a major knowledge gap. To help address these issues, we collaborated with commercial fishers to test the efficacy of high-contrast banners designed to alert seabirds. In waters of Newfoundland, Canada, banners were attached to surface-set gillnets for Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus and were compared with simultaneously unmodified control nets within the foraging ranges of major seabird colonies. The banners reduced target catch, creating a nonviable option for fishers. Seabird bycatch was low, although it may have been more substantial than indicated by local information sources. Bycatch included fish species of concern (Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar and Porbeagle Shark Lamna nasus). Owing to the episodic nature of seabird and other non-target catch, collaboration with fishers is needed to continue long-term monitoring of inshore gillnet bycatch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To retrospectively analyze the vitamin D (VD) status of residents in northeastern Inner Mongolia and its relationship with the average monthly sunshine hours. Methods: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[s-25(OH)D] samples from 4982 outpatients (2092 males) in Moli Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner People's Hospital, Hulunbuir, China from July 2018 to January 2022 were included in this study. Results: The overall median s-25(OH)D was 53.3 nmol/L, VD deficiency (<30 nmol/L), deficiency (30-50 nmol/L), sufficient (>50-250 nmol/L) and excess (>250 nmol/L) were 16% (796/4982), 30% (1495/4982), 53.4% (2658/4982) and 0.7% (33/4982). There were statistically significant differences in median s-25(OH)D by month, age- groups and gender (p<0.001). Low VD status (LVDS, including VD deficiency and insufficiency) in females was 54.6% and males was 33.9%, and the LVDS composition differed significantly by age-group and month (p<0.05). The changing trend of the median s-25(OH)D level was similar to the monthly average sunshine hours, with a slight lag. Conclusion: Nearly half of residents live in LVDS. LVDS is affected by month, gender, and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper locates trade union banners and those of other campaigns and left organisations as part of the ongoing work and labour of producing democratic political cultures. It argues that engaging with the ways in which they were used, shaped, produced and re‐worked can shed important light on often neglected spatial practices and forms of agency of democratic politics. We contend that engaging with the geographical imaginaries and practices shaped by trade union engagements with democracy offers important and original perspectives on different articulations of spatial relations, labour, and democratic politics. The paper engages with Clive Barnett's influential work on the geographies of democracy and outlines an alternative position based on engaging with the generative character of political activity. The empirical part of the paper offers three cuts through different articulations of labour and democratic politics. The paper engages with the Banners of Glasgow Shipwrights to explore aspects of trade union politics and struggles for democratic reform. We discuss the relations between the STUC Black Workers' Committee and generative spaces of organising and the relations between banners and the peace movement to engage forms of antagonist democratic cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hereby offered article points out some strokes from the revival epistolary theory that is presented on the pages of the letter-writing manual “Slavenobolgarskiy predruchniy poslatelnik za nastavleniya na bolgarski yunoshi” (1835) by Neophyte Bozvely nad Emanuil Vaskidovitch. The main target of the following research is the philological insight of the two teachers from Svishtov in the aspects of soundness of language and its stylistic perfection, and their following instructions concerning the writing of good and proper letters. Following the basic beliefs of the European Enlightenment and especially the correlation between the right, the virtuous and the beautiful, Bozvely and Vaskidovitch are constructing their own concept about the language and style of the letter by planting the two principles: “Write good when you do” and “Write just as you speak”. Under the banner of these two absolutes the coauthors introduce the stylistic demands for brevity, simplicity, aptness and beauty of language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]