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Debido a su durabilidad, versatilidad y bajo coste, los productos plásticos resultan fundamentales en la sociedad actual; sin embargo, estas mismas propiedades, responsables de su gran popularidad, también convierten a estos materiales en una amenaza medioambiental, provocando serios problemas entre los que destaca la liberación de microplásticos (MPs). Los MPs, definidos como partículas poliméricas con un tamaño inferior a 5 mm, son muy diversos en cuanto a composición, tamaño y forma, siendo capaces además de transportar sobre su superficie otros contaminantes y microorganismos, lo que incrementa los potenciales efectos adversos de estas micropartículas. Aunque los MPs se encuentran de manera ubicua en todo el planeta, su presencia es notoria en los ecosistemas acuáticos, especialmente los marinos, ya que las masas de agua naturales reciben la gran mayoría de los plásticos vertidos al medioambiente. Recientemente, la biorremediación ha sido propuesta como una interesante alternativa para luchar contra la creciente problemática derivada de la contaminación plástica; por ello, el objetivo de la presente revisión bibliográfica es analizar las posibles vías de eliminación de los MPs de origen fósil y no biodegradables en entornos acuáticos, mediante bacterias, hongos y organismos superiores, recopilando los últimos avances en este campo.

Introduction: Food poisoning caused by pathogenic bacteria present in meats is a growing public health problem. The main method for the identification of these pathogens is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Purpose: The purpose of this article is to review the bibliometrics of PCR as applied to the identification of pathogenic bacteria in meats. Methodology: Keywords are identified and search equation is structured in Scopus and WoS databases. Graph analysis was performed using the Bibliometrix, Sci2 Tool and Gephi tools, which are integrated in the R studio software, after which the tree of science metaphor was used. Results: In the last 10 years, scientific production in areas focused on molecular biology has increased. The most outstanding topics are related to: contaminants and interferences in PCR, the importance of having internal amplification control sequences in PCR, as well as advances in the standardization of real-time PCR protocols. Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes stand out as the most investigated in meat matrices. The most used genes in the detection of Salmonella sp are staA, viaB and the sopE for species; for L. monocytogenes it is the hlyA gene. Conclusions: Some of the countries with the highest annual per capita meat consumption are the United States of America, Kuwait, Mexico, Argentina, Austria and Mongolia; however, only the United States of America ranks third in scientific productivity on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingeniería del Agua is the property of Universidad Politecnica de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar los microorganismos (bacterias y/o levaduras) aislados de muestras provenientes de pacientes recluidos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de un Hospital Centinela de la ciudad de Maracaibo, con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19, durante el periodo comprendido entre el 01 de enero del 2020 y el 31 de mayo de 2021. Se evaluó, igualmente, la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de los microorganismos aislados. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 54,42 años, con predominio del sexo masculino (56%) y adultos (66,00%). El 41,75% (89/206) de los cultivos resultó positivo. En el 72% (36/50) de los pacientes se obtuvo cultivos mixtos con bacterias y levaduras. En las bacterias, la tasa de resistencia observada a todos los antibióticos resultó elevada (> al 50%). Todas las cepas resultaron multirresistentes. La resistencia antifúngica fue variable según el fármaco empleado, voriconazol (8,57%), fluconazol (3,57%); mientras que, para caspofungina, se observó total sensibilidad (100%). Los microorganismos más frecuentes fueron: Complejo Candida albicans (17,45%), Complejo Acinetobacter baumannii (15,3%) y Klebsiella pneumoniae (13,96%), resultados que evidencian el predominio de estos patógenos oportunistas como posibles causantes de colonización y/o coinfecciones en los pacientes afectados por COVID-19; así como también, su manifiesta resistencia a múltiples antimicrobianos

Hoy en día, los derrames de petróleo no son casos aislados. El uso en gran medida de hidrocarburos genera altas tasas de probabilidades de derrames. Lamentablemente, el Perú no es la excepción en la incidencia de derrames de petróleo. Ante estos eventos la biorremediación con microorganismos marinos (bacterias y cianobacterias) surge como una solución sostenible para implementar planes de contingencia ante potenciales acontecimientos de contaminación por hidrocarburos. Entre las bacterias más importantes resaltan los géneros Achromobacter, Acinetobacter y Pseudomonas, Alteromonas, Haloferula, Ruegeria y Alcanivorax. Asimismo, bacterias nativas peruanas como Vibrio fluvialis y Vibrio sp. y la cianobacteria Anabaena cicadae han mostrado potencial de biodegradación. Es imperativo que las autoridades promuevan la investigación sobre el uso de consorcios microbianos autóctonos en ambientes naturales en adición de nutrientes, en diferentes estratos y zonificación de la costa peruana.

The aim of the research was to determine the variability of the total numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi under stress associated with the presence of exogenous organic matter in the soil. Another goal of the experiment was to observe the effect of substrates absorbing water and minimizing drought stress on the number of soil microorganisms. The total number of aerobic bacteria was determined by serial dilution using Bount-Rovira medium with the addition of soil extract. The Actinomycete number was determined by serial dilution using Gauze medium with the addition of starch. The total number of microscopic fungi was determined by serial dilution using peptone-glucose agar with Rose Bengal according to Martin and the addition of streptomycin. The ratio of the sum of the number of bacteria and actinomycetes to the number of fungi. Organic waste materials applied to the soil did not significantly affect the number of microorganisms, i.e. bacteria, actinomycetes or the ratio of bacteria and actinomycetes on the one hand to fungi on the other. Therefore, these substances can be considered safe for soil microorganisms. The results of the research prove the possibility of utilizing organic matter produced by sewage treatment plants, waste treatment plants or mushroom farms as substances enriching the soil of urban green areas. Because the results significantly varied mainly over the years, it can be assumed that the number of microorganisms was affected by the amount of precipitation and air temperature.

Copyright of Revista de Investigación en Salud VIVE is the property of Revista de Investigacion en Salud VIVE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The discharge of hospital wastewater leads to the establishment of microorganisms from human biota in aquatic ecosystems. This is risky, as there is the possibility of horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from bacteria to other bacterial strains in the aquatic ecosystem and the environment in general, contributing to the expansion of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and the therapeutic ineffectiveness of these medicines. Objective: To demonstrate the environmental risk due to discharge of wastewater from a hospital into an urban river in Santa Clara, Cuba. Materials and Methods: Bacteria were isolated from sediment and soil from the banks of the Bélico river and their resistance to parenteral antibiotics for intra-hospital use employed between 2015 and 2019 was determined. If positive, the environmental risk of these medicines in terrestrial surface waters was estimated, and the resistance of in-hospital strains was assessed. Results and Discussion: All isolated bacterial strains were resistant to at least one of the parenteral antibiotics for intra-hospital use employed in the period under study. All antibiotics were environmentally risky in terrestrial surface waters. There was a high antibiotic resistance of the strains isolated from hospitalized patients. Conclusions: The discharge of untreated wastewater into the Bélico river led to the establishment of bacterial strains which can have a negative impact on the environment, including human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Matronas Hoy is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Matronas (AEM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Milk is understood to be the product that arises from the normal secretion of the mammary glands of mammals. Milk is a good culture medium for the growth of various microorganisms due to its water content, almost neutral pH, and a wide variety of nutrients such as lactose. As a derivative of milk, cheese is produced, which is obtained by maturing the milk curd and eliminating the whey. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the presence or absence of Staphylococcus sp. in fresh cheese sold in San Salvador. For this, ten samples were obtained from different points of sale, subsequently, they were taken to the INNOVET laboratory, where the Staphylococcus genus was isolated. For the typing of the aureus species, biochemical coagulase and catalase tests were performed. Of the ten samples obtained, 100% showed the presence of the genus to be investigated. A very important fact to mention was the presence of microbial E. coli in sample four; samples one, two, three and five presented for Proteus vulgaris, both bacteria found belong to Enterobacteriaceae. Unpasteurized dairy products contain a bacterial load, which can be harmful to some individuals. It is important to emphasize that the genera found in the samples are widely distributed in the environment, however, it is necessary to consider the contamination of products of animal origin either due to the contaminated dairy product, due to poor handling or due to both situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the research was to determine the variability of the total numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi under stress associated with the presence of exogenous organic matter in the soil. Additonaly, the ratio of the total number of bacteria and actinomycetes to the number of fungi was calculated. Another goal of the experiment was to observe the effect of substrates absorbing water and minimizing drought stress on the number of soil microorganisms. Organic waste materials applied to the soil did not significantly affect the number of microorganisms, i.e. bacteria, actinomycetes or the ratio of bacteria and actinomycetes on the one hand to fungi on the other. The results of the research prove the possibility of utilizing organic matter produced by sewage treatment plants, waste treatment plants or mushroom farms as substances enriching the soil of urban green areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O estudo objetiva estudar a otimização da produção homemade associada de enzimas amilolíticas e celulolíticas por fermentação submersa. A produção de enzimas foi realizada utilizando bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e farinha de triticale como substratos do meio fermentativo, utilizando bactérias isoladas de resíduos agroindustriais. Os extratos enzimáticos foram avaliados quanto à atividade amilolítica e celulolítica. As variáveis significativas (p

Los pequeños roedores son los reservorios naturales más importantes de especies patógenas de Leptospira spp. En Yucatán, México, varias especies de estos pequeños roedores han sido descritas como portadores. Se reconoce que, para disminuir el riesgo de transmisión de Leptospira spp. a los hospederos susceptibles, entre ellos los seres humanos, es relevante identificar a los portadores y conocer su distribución. El objetivo es evidenciar la presencia de Leptospira spp. patógena en pequeños roedores capturados en Tinum, Yucatán, México. Se capturaron 47 roedores de las especies Heteromys gaumeri, Ototylomys phyllotis, Peromyscus yucatanicus, Sigmodon hispidus y Mus musculus en cuatro sitios del municipio de estudio. Se recolectó un fragmento de riñón que se empleó en la extracción de ADN total. Se utilizaron dos reacciones en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) punto final para detectar ADN de Leptospira spp. La especie de bacteria se determinó mediante análisis bioinformáticos y la construcción de un árbol filogenético. Las reacciones arrojaron una frecuencia total de infección del 8,5 % (IC 95 % 3,3 – 19,9 %). Todos los ejemplares positivos fueron O. phyllotis. La especie identificada en los análisis bioinformáticos y el árbol filogenético fue L. interrogans. Esta especie de Leptospira es importante para la salud pública, debido a que es responsable de la mayor parte de los casos graves de leptospirosis en humanos. Asimismo, ha sido identificada previamente en pequeños roedores de México y Yucatán. Los hallazgos apuntan a que O. phyllotis es portador de L. interrogans. Son necesarios más estudios para establecer el riesgo de transmisión por contacto con otros hospederos susceptibles, incluyendo seres humanos.

Infectious enteritis is highly prevalent among dogs worldwide and, in some cases, it can be fatal. This study describes the clinical and laboratorial findings of single and mixed infections associated with severe enteritis in 76 dogs from Southern Brazil. Intestinal segments and/or fecal samples were subjected to histopathology and molecular detection of DNA viruses, bacteria and protozoa. Severe intestinal lesions were observed in most cases. Single infections were detected in 52.6% of cases, double (36.8%) and triple (10.5%) infections were also identified. Carnivore protoparvovirus 2 (CPV-2) was the most frequent agent in single infections (36.8%). Coinfection by CPV-2 and Giardia spp. was the most common in dual infections (19.7%), followed by CPV-2 and Cryptosporidium spp. (10.5%). The most frequent triple infection was CPV-2, Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium spp. (6.6%). Our results shown that single and mixed infections are associated with severe enteritis in dogs in southern Brazil, mainly involving CPV-2 and Giardia sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is related to phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms - MSF, emphasizing on bacteria - BSF, and compiles information based on research results, which proposes the availability of phosphorus in the plant rhizosphere due to the activity of the associated microbiome, taking as a case study BSF in coffee crops worldwide. Scientific articles published until December 2023 on MSF and BSF, their isolation and their use in phytonutrition and phytosanitary were searched. The databases of Scopus, ScienceDirect, Jstore, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library were consulted using access licensed by the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ). Also, the free access search portals ResearchGate, Scielo, Mendeley and Google Scholar. It is evident that there are few articles published in the last five years specifically on P availability due to microbial activity in coffee, which is why this type of publication is important. In relation to the use of BSF, there are biotechnological advances that allow them to be considered as alternatives for phosphorus biofertilization; however, there is a lack of research for coffee cultivation mainly in Colombia, and above all, the implementation of this technology by farmers and technicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytopathogenic nematodes are a threat for agriculture, they cause plant diseases and economic losses worldwide. Currently, the pursuit of compounds of biological origin for nematode biocontrol has become a priority as an environmentally friendly alternative. Microorganisms-derived compounds have several strategies to reduce the populations of infectious juvenile nematodes. Although microorganisms and their metabolites are the focus of literature reports reviews on nematicidal control, interactions between fungi, bacteria, and nematodes, as well as the compounds that are generated in such interactions, are not highlighted. The aim of this review was to discuss the latest advances on chemical compounds secreted by microorganisms and their interaction mechanisms for biological control of phytopathogenic nematodes. Results were organized based on: i) mode of action, ii) infection process, iii) nematicide compounds, iv) interactions and field applications, and v) current challenges. The scope of this review contributes to a better comprehension of the versatility of bacterial and fungal compounds for their use in the development of management plans for nematode control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is responsible for several anatomopathological conditions in poultry, which cause great damage to the poultry sector. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of E. coli strains isolated from broiler chickens and to perform in vitro tests on strains classified as APEC to identify their capacity to form biofilms and sensitivity to antimicrobials routinely used in the poultry breeding process. Sixty E. coli poultry isolated were used in this study. The real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test identified that 100% of the isolates had the hlyF and ompT genes, 98.3% the iroN and iss genes, and 83.33% the iutA gene, being all the evaluated strains classified as APEC. In the in vitro evaluations regarding the formation and characterization of biofilms, the APEC samples were characterized as 71.66% weakly biofilm-forming. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed that the highest resistance percentages were found in the molecules of oxytetracycline, with 33%, and doxycycline, with 31.66%, but about 58,33% of the samples had a profile of multi-resistance to antimicrobials. Further studies are needed to better characterize APEC virulence genes and multi-drug resistance, given their impact on poultry health/production and potential risk to human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú is the property of Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Water Resources / Recursos Hídricos is the property of Associacao Portuguesa dos Recursos Hidricos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: El vertimiento de aguas residuales hospitalarias conduce al establecimiento de microorganismos de la biota humana en ecosistemas acuáticos. Lo anterior es riesgoso, al existir la posibilidad de transferencia génica horizontal de genes de resistencia de antibióticos de las bacterias a otras cepas bacterianas del ecosistema acuático y del ambiente en general; contribuyendo a la expansión de la resistencia bacteriana a antibióticos y la inefectividad terapéutica de estos medicamentos. Objetivo: Demostrar el riesgo ambiental por vertimiento de aguas residuales de un hospital a un río urbano en Santa Clara, Cuba. Materiales y Métodos: Se aislaron bacterias del sedimento y suelo de la ribera del río Bélico y se determinó su resistencia a los antibióticos parenterales de uso intrahospitalario empleados entre 2015 y 2019. De ser esta positiva, se estimó el riesgo ambiental de estos medicamentos en aguas superficiales terrestres y se valoró la resistencia de cepas intrahospitalarias. Resultados y Discusión: Todas las cepas bacterianas aisladas fueron resistentes al menos a uno de los antibióticos parenterales de uso intrahospitalario empleados en el período objeto de estudio. Todos los antibióticos resultaron ambientalmente riesgosos en aguas superficiales terrestres. Existió una elevada resistencia microbiana a antibióticos en las cepas aisladas de pacientes hospitalizados. Conclusiones: El vertimiento de las aguas residuales sin tratar al río Bélico, condujo al establecimiento de cepas bacterianas que pueden tener un impacto negativo en el ambiente, incluyendo la salud humana.

Quorum Sensing es una experiencia gastrosónica para tres comensales. Una sopa se sirve en una vajilla de vidrio especial (Vajilla Emocional), diseñada como resultado de un proyecto de investigación sobre asociaciones de formas y materiales con emociones musicales. Las acciones de cada comensal producen vibraciones aplicadas al cuerpo de los demás. El marco conceptual de los proyectos Quorum Sensing y Vajilla Emocional es múltiple: relacionar la experiencia humana con la de otras especies, aumentar táctilmente el sentido de presencia en la comensalidad, un enfoque multisensorial y transmodal del diseño de objetos y una reflexión sobre el uso de celulares y tabletas en la mesa. A futuro Quorum Sensing puede funcionar como dispositivo experimental para investigar estos aspectos así como el impacto de las vibraciones en la percepción de la comida.

Introdução: As Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde são caracterizadas por infecções adquiridas devido a fatores associados ao ambiente hospitalar. Entre os múltiplos fatores relacionados ao desenvolvimento de IRAS, estão: utilização prolongada de aparelhos invasivos, comorbidades, imunidade suprimida e uso indiscriminado de antimicrobiano. A partir dessa ótica, hospitais de todo o mundo têm relatado uma frequência cada vez maior de coinfecções entre fungos do gênero Candida e espécies bacterianas. Objetivo: Este trabalho objetivou averiguar a prevalência de coinfecções por Candida spp. e espécies bacterianas entre os anos de 2020 e 2022, destacando os sítios de isolamento dos microrganismos envolvidos. Foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Associação Caruaruense de Ensino Superior sob o número 5.691.618. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal retrospectivo, que abrangeu pacientes diagnosticados com Candida spp. e espécies bacterianas no hospital em estudo. Os laudos selecionados foram coletados do laboratório de microbiologia, buscando aqueles que evidenciaram ambos os microrganismos como agentes etiológicos. Resultados: Em 2020, foram observados 45 casos de infecção por Candida spp., dos quais 7 estavam associados a bactérias. Em relação às espécies bacterianas e às amostras de isolamento dos 7 pacientes, 2 apresentaram Pseudomonas spp. (urina e secreção traqueal), 2 apresentaram Staphylococcus Coagulase Negativa (sangue e ponta de cateter), 1 apresentou Citrobacter spp. (urina), 1 apresentou Escherichia Coli (sangue) e 1 apresentou Acinetobacter spp. (sangue). No ano de 2021, apenas 1 caso de coinfecção foi verificado em 35 pacientes diagnosticados com Candida spp. A bactéria em questão foi Staphylococcus aureus, isolada em amostra de secreção nasal. Por fim, em 2022, 66 pacientes com Candida spp. foram identificados, entre os quais 4 apresentaram coinfecções bacterianas. Cada caso demonstrou espécies diferentes, incluindo Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus coagulase negativa e Escherichia coli. Todas foram identificadas em amostras de urina. Conclusão: Notou-se que as espécies de bactérias associadas a infecções por Candida foram variadas, com prevalência de Pseudomonas spp. e Staphylococcus coagulase negativa. Além disso, o sítio infeccioso mais frequente foi a urina, embora o isolamento de microrganismos na corrente sanguínea, secreção traqueal e ponta de cateter evidenciaram quadros clínicos preocupantes.

Introducción: El consumo de tomate fresco ha ido en aumento a través de los años y los sistemas de cultivo (convencional o hidropónico), las prácticas de cosecha y poscosecha, el agua de riego y los contenedores pueden incidir sobre su calidad microbiológica. Objetivo: Comparar la calidad microbiológica de la fruta cultivada o cosechada, del agua de riego y de los contenedores de cosecha en dos fincas de producción de tomate (convencional e hidropónica). Métodos: Realizamos tres muestreos a cada finca (repeticiones), tomando, en cada repetición, 3 tomates de cada tipo que conformaron una muestra compuesta, 50 ml de agua de riego e hisopando 50cm2 de la superficie de tres contenedores de cosecha (muestra compuesta). Determinamos los indicadores microbiológicos de recuento total aerobio mesófilo, recuento de hongos filamentosos y levaduras, coliformes totales, coliformes termotolerantes y E. coli. Además, analizamos la presencia de Listeria monocytogenes en los frutos. Aplicamos pruebas de t-student a un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: Los recuentos total aerobio mesófilo y hongos filamentosos y levaduras del tomate hidropónico fueron significativamente menores que en el tomate convencional, mientras que no hubo diferencia en los recuentos de coliformes totales y E. coli, además L. monocytogenes estuvo ausente en todas las muestras. El recuento total aerobio mesófilo fue mayor en los contenedores de cosecha de la finca convencional. En ambas fincas el agua de riego no se consideró fuente de contaminación pues tuvo niveles muy bajos de coliformes totales, coliformes termotolerantes y E. coli. Finalmente, se presume un control adecuado en las fincas durante la cosecha, al no haber encontrado diferencia en los indicadores microbiológicos entre el tomate cultivado y el cosechado. Conclusión: Los tomates hidropónicos presentan mayor probabilidad de tener un mejor perfil microbiológico y mayor vida útil en comparación con los tomates cultivados de forma convencional, evidenciando la importancia del control ambiental y la limpieza y desinfección de todos los insumos utilizados en los procesos de cultivo, cosecha y poscosecha.

La contaminación ambiental por metales pesados es producto en gran medida de las actividades humanas, en particular de la industria minera. La extracción y procesamiento de minerales genera grandes cantidades de compuestos tóxicos que afectan la calidad del medio ambiente y la salud de los seres vivos. Durante mucho tiempo se ha buscado desarrollar estrategias que permitan remover los metales pesados del medio ambiente con el fin de mitigar su toxicidad. Dentro de estas estrategias destacan las que usan organismos, como plantas, hongos, algas y bacterias, ya que estos son más eficientes, no generan residuos secundarios y no son costosas. Sin embargo, los organismos empleados deben tener la capacidad de crecer en altas concentraciones de metales para poder utilizarlos en la remediación. En este trabajo se busca divulgar los diferentes mecanismos que utilizan las bacterias para la remoción de metales, así como los metales que pueden llegar a ser eliminados.

Objective: to evaluate the parasitological and microbiological quality of strawberries sold in a municipality in the state of Bahia. Method: cross-sectional and descriptive study, where parasitological and microbiological analyses were carried out on strawberry samples from four commercial points in Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil, with convenience collection, in the years 2015 and 2016. Results: the strawberries were contaminated by parasites, filamentous fungi, and yeasts. Nematode eggs, cysts of Giardia spp, Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli and free-living protozoa were found in the analyzed samples. Populations of total coliforms and Escherichia coli (<1 log CFU/g) and filamentous fungi and yeasts (>4.17 log CFU/g) were found. Conclusion: considering the high population of filamentous fungi and yeasts and the finding of parasites in the analyzed strawberry samples, it is essential to adopt hygienic practices from farm to table, aiming to prevent diseases caused by agents that are transmitted through food and guarantee consumer health, highlighting the importance of investigating fresh organic products sold to establish more rigorous quality control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mastitis, an inflammatory condition of the mammary gland, prevalent in dairy cows, affects production, milk sanitary quality and production costs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of oregano essential oil (Lippia graveolens) against Staphylococcus aureus asosida in bovine mastitis, under in vitro conditions. Mastitis-positive milk samples were collected and subjected to the California field test (MCT). Isolation and biochemical identification of Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with mastitis was performed. The extraction of oil from Lippia graveolens leaves was carried out by Soxhlet extraction method. The antimicrobial test of oregano oil was determined by the disk diffusion method, 5, 10 and 25 µl of oil were evaluated at times of 24 and 48 h, distilled water was used as a negative control and chloramphenicol as a positive control. The antimicrobial activity showed significant differences, the concentration of 25 µl of oil presented the best antimicrobial activity, compared to the negative control, which showed the highest bacterial growth. There were no significant differences at 24 and 48 hours. The use of Lippia graveolens oil has antibacterial activity against Staphyloccus aureus, determined by the concentration of the oil and with no difference in the effect of the exposure time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial collections preserve strains ex situ with the purpose of maintaining viable, pure and stable microorganisms over time. For this purpose, it is recommended ideally to preserve by cryopreservation and freeze-drying. Currently, the Collection of the Escuela de Microbiología at the Universidad de Antioquia (CM-EM-UDEA) preserves bacteria only by cryopreservation and requires standardization of freeze-drying to maintain the viability of microorganisms for a long time, to optimize storage and to facilitate transport while maintaining their stable characteristics. The aim was to evaluate the freeze-drying process in different bacteria from the CM-EM-UDEA Microorganisms Collection. Six bacteria were selected, the inocula were standardized and different lyoprotectants were evaluated, assessing the freeze-drying efficiency through viability, purity and stability of each microorganism before and after freeze-drying. In most of the microorganisms, the lyoprotectant that presented the best results in viability and physical characteristics of the dry product was sucrose. However, effects observed in the other lyoprotectants in specific microorganisms make them an alternative for use according to their availability. This study enabled standardizing the lyophilization process maintaining 100% purity and viability and stability in high percentages, in most of the microorganisms evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhizosphere microorganisms play an important role in the growth and health of plants. Around the world, diverse soil-borne pathogens attack Capsicum annuum causing significant damage and economic losses. This study determined whether the diversity and composition of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of C. annuum plants is significantly changed by wilt disease. We used the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the internal transcribed spacer region for fungi to characterize the rhizosphere microbiomes of healthy and wilted plants. The most abundant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes, while the most abundant fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Mucoromycota. The bacterial α-diversity did not show significant differences in richness and diversity, but did show a significant difference in evenness and dominance of species. Rare taxa were present in both healthy and wilted conditions with relative abundances < 1%. In the fungi, all evaluated estimators showed a significant reduction in the wilted condition. The β-diversity showed significant differences in the structure of bacterial and fungal communities, which were segregated according to plant health conditions. The same occurred when comparing the alpha and beta diversity of this study based on organic agriculture with that of other studies based on conventional agriculture. We observed a significant difference with estimators analyzed by segregating rhizosphere communities depending on the farming method used. Finally, the differential abundance analysis did not show significant results in the bacterial communities; however, in the fungal communities, Fusarium, Thanatephorus, Rhizopus, Curvularia, Cladosporium, and Alternaria were more abundant in the rhizosphere of wilted than healthy plants. Species from these genera have been previously reported as phytopathogens of several plants, including C. annuum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tesla Revista Científica is the property of Puerto Madero Editorial Academica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O presente estudo objetivou investigar se uma sequência didática com experimentação investigativa e foco no ensino do conteúdo de bactérias oferece caminhos para o desenvolvimento da Alfabetização Científica em uma turma do 6° ano do Ensino Fundamental. A sequência didática foi organizada em quatro aulas e orientada por meio de uma adaptação da proposta metodológica da pesquisa como princípio educativo. Os resultados sinalizam um relevante envolvimento dos discentes durante as atividades propostas, em específico durante a atividade experimental investigativa. Ademais, observa-se, por meio dos relatos dos discentes, a compreensão dos conceitos científicos apresentados e a capacidade de relacioná-los com o cotidiano de forma crítica e questionadora, sinalizando o desenvolvimento da criticidade e do pensamento científico.

Introducción. Los billetes son un potencial medio de transmisión de microorganismos capaces de producir enfermedades. Es el caso del Staphylococcus aureus, una bacteria distribuida por toda América Latina, causante de infecciones y resistente a antibióticos de uso común. El objetivo del estudio es realizar una caracterización bacteriana y fúngica de billetes circulantes en la ciudad de Bucaramanga, y en especial identificar algunos que puedan relacionarse con problemas de salud pública. Metodología. Estudio observacional y cuantitativo, con una muestra de 50 billetes (5 diferentes denominaciones de 2 fechas de emisión). Se identificaron y cuantificaron los microorganismos mediante siembra en caldo peptona, posteriormente en agar Reasoner´s 2A (R2A), nutritivos y selectivos, además del uso de técnicas de índice analítico de perfil (API) y microscopia óptica. Se realizó un análisis estadístico de correlación de variables mediante el software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Resultados. Se identificaron 21 géneros y 12 especies de bacterias, así como 3 géneros y 2 especies de hongos filamentosos, entre ellos algunos que pueden ocasionar infecciones como Klesiella, Enterobacter, Listeria, Staphylococcus, Cryptococcus y Aspergillus. Discusión. En relación con estudios internacionales, en este trabajo se identificaron menos tipologías de microorganismos, lo cual se explica en razón a las limitaciones propias de las técn icas utilizadas y del nivel de contaminación local. Conclusión. Se pudo establecer que el grado de contaminación microbiana no depende significativa o consistentemente de la fecha de emisión ni de la denominación; pero la identificación de patógenos sugiere plantear medidas para limitar su transmisión por esta vía. Introduction. Banknotes are a potential means of transmission of microorganisms capable of producing diseases. This is the case of Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium distributed throughout Latin America, which causes infections and is resistant to commonly used antibiotics. The objective of the study is to perform a bacterial and fungal characterization of banknotes circulating in the city of Bucaramanga, and especially to identify some that may be related to public health problems. Methodology. Observational and quantitative study, with a sample of 50 banknotes (5 different denominations of 2 issue dates). Microorganisms were identified and quantified by seeding in peptone broth, then on Reasoner’s 2A agar (R2A), nutrient and selective, in addition to the use of analytical profile index (API) and light microscopy techniques. A statistical analysis of correlation of variables was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results. Twenty-one genera and 12 species of bacteria were identified, as well as 3 genera and 2 species of filamentous fungi, including some that can cause infections such as Klesiella, Enterobacter, Listeria, Staphylococcus, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus. Discussion. In comparison with international studies, this study identified fewer types of microorganisms, which is explained by the limitations of the techniques used and the level of local contamination. Conclusion. It was possible to establish that the degree of microbial contamination does not depend significantly or consistently on the date of issue or the denomination; but the identification of pathogens suggests that measures should be taken to limit their transmission by this ro ute. Introdução. As notas são um meio potencial de transmissão de microrganismos capazes de produzir doenças. É o caso do Staphylococcus aureus, bactéria distribuída por toda a América Latina, causadora de infecções e resistente aos antibióticos comumente utilizados. O objetivo do estudo é realizar uma caracterização bacteriana e fúngica das notas em circulação na cidade de Bucaramanga e, principalmente, identificar algumas que possam estar relacionadas a problemas de saúde pública. Metodologia. Estudo observacional e quantitativo, com uma amostra de 50 notas (5 denominações diferentes de 2 datas de emissão). Os microrganismos foram identificados e quantificados por meio de semeadura em caldo peptonado, depois em ágar Reasoner 2A (R2A), nutritivo e seletivo, além da utilização de índice de perfil analítico (API) e técnicas de microscopia óptica. Foi realizada uma análise estatística de correlação das variáveis por meio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Resultados. Foram identificados 21 gêneros e 12 espécies de bactérias, além de 3 gêneros e 2 espécies de fungos filamentosos, incluido alguns que podem causar infecções como Klesiella, Enterobacter, Listeria, Staphylococcus, Cryptococcus e Aspergillus. Discussão. Em relação aos estudos internacionais, neste trabalho foram identificados menos tipos de microrganismos, o que se explica pelas limitações das técnicas utilizadas e pelo nível de contaminação local. Conclusão. Foi possível estabelecer que o grau de contaminação microbiana não depende de forma significativa ou consistente da data de emissão ou da denominação; mas a identificação de patógenos sugere considerar medidas para limitar sua transmissão por essa via.

Patógenos en los anuros de un ambiente tropical estacional en Guanajuato (México) En el presente estudio se caracterizaron las especies de bacterias y hongos de una comunidad de ranas de un ambiente tropical estacional en el Área Natural Protegida (ANP) Las Musas, en Guanajuato (México), usando protocolos morfológicos y bioquímico–microbianos. Los objetivos principales fueron tres: identificar las especies de microorganismos presentes en la comunidad de ranas, determinar la prevalencia de microorganismos y cómo cambia a lo largo del año y detectar enfermedades y lesiones ocasionadas por patógenos (bacterias y hogos). De los 150 anuros analizados, siete especies (Anaxyrus compactilis, Incilius occidentalis, Dryophytes arenicolor, D. eximius, Hypopachus variolosus, Lithobates neovolcanicus y Spea multiplicata) hospedaron al menos cuatro géneros de hongos patógenos (Penicillium, Rhizopus, Aspergillus y Batrachochytrium) y dos géneros de bacterias patógenas (Aeromonas hydrophila y Pseudomonas sp). La prevalencia de casos positivos fue mayor en otoño (0,51) y menor en verano (0,125). En cuatro de las siete especies se observaron lesiones como la descamación en el vientre y la hinchazón en las extremidades (pata roja). Este estudio permite confirmar la presencia de bacterias y hongos patógenos en esta comunidad de anuros y sirve de precedente para trabajos futuros sobre el estado de salud de la población de anfibios en Guanajuato, así como para la implementación de estrategias de conservación para este grupo de vertebrados.

O objetivo do presente artigo foi avaliar se a própolis comercial é eficiente em inibir o crescimento bacteriano in vitro das bactérias Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella Typhimurium, sendo que o delineamento experimental constituído por esquema fatorial foi de 2 (dias) x 2 (bactérias) x 4 (marcas de própolis comerciais) x 8 (distribuição das própolis comerciais nas placas). Com os resultados demostrou-se ausência de halo de inibição em todas as placas de petri avaliadas das quatro marcas comerciais de própolis. Concluindo-se que, para a metodologia a qual foi aplicada o resultado do experimento apresentou-se insatisfatório. Contudo, diversos outros autores encontraram potencial antimicrobiano sendo que a grande maioria utilizou a própolis bruta em distintas concentrações, logo é essencial realizar mais estudos aprofundados além disso, a referida temática possui grande relevância perante o risco iminente diante de uma resistência antimicrobiana.

After 54 years of warfare, the Caste War or Mayan Social War was coming to an end. Federal troops were based in the eastern part of the Yucatan peninsula, in the current state of Quintana Roo. Peto's county was their base of operations. There, the soldiers arrived to besiege the Mayans who were fleeing the conflict and forming an alternate state to the Yucatecan. There was no direct confrontation but the objective was to take the settlements founded by the rebels. The objective of this article is to analyze the causes of death of the fallen soldiers in the Peto county in the last stage of the Caste War, between 1898 and 1902. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical personnel run the risk of contracting infectious diseases caused by physical, microbiological and chemical agents because they are directly exposed to risk factors such as the presence of pathogens in the environment; For this reason, this article derives from research carried out in four hospital centers in the department of Santander (Colombia) that seeks to identify the most common fungal microorganisms, bacterial microorganisms that can transmit diseases through the enteral, respiratory, dermal and blood routes, the microorganisms that can cause lung infections, wound contamination (abscesses), folliculitis, cellulitis and otitis, among others, in operating room workers, as well as determining the most appropriate disinfection protocols and possible control strategies, determining the measures aimed at monitoring, containment and elimination of these sources of contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Antecedentes: En plantas, las compensaciones morfo-fisiológicas, así como las asociaciones microbianas, regulan el uso de recursos limitantes y el ensamblaje de las comunidades vegetales. Pregunta: ¿Qué relación tienen la micorrización arbuscular y nodulación bacteriana en el crecimiento y asignación de biomasa de ocho especies de Mimosa? Especies de estudio: Mimosa adenantheroides, M. biuncifera, M. calcicola, M. lacerata, M. luisana, M. polyantha, M. purpusii y M. texana var. filipes. Sitio de estudio y fechas: Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, Puebla-Oaxaca, México, 2013 y 2014. Método: Las plantas crecieron en dos tratamientos: i) Con inóculo de hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares (HMA) y bacterias fijadoras de N2 (BFN) de islas de recursos (IR) de Mimosa y ii) sin inóculo, con nueve réplicas por especie/tratamiento. Se evaluó el crecimiento de las plantas, la micorrización arbuscular y la nodulación en las raíces. Resultados: Las especies de Mimosa, creciendo sin inóculo, variaron en crecimiento y asignación de biomasa con valores inferiores al tratamiento con inóculo, y se agruparon en tres diseños morfológicos: i) M. calcicola y M. lacerata; ii) M. adenantheroides, M. luisana y M. polyantha; y iii) M. biuncifera, M. purpusii y M. texana var. filipes. Asimismo, las ocho especies conformaron un cuarto diseño cuando crecieron con inóculo que favoreció su crecimiento y modificó sus patrones de asignación de biomasa. Conclusiones: Los resultados contribuyen a delinear posibles grupos funcionales en Mimosa, pero se requiere la evaluación de otros rasgos funcionales para seleccionar especies con potencial en la restauración ambiental y comprender el ensamblaje de las comunidades vegetales.

Se presenta una valoración del estado trófico de las aguas de la Zona Económica Exclusiva (ZEE) al sur de Cuba, a partir de indicadores microbiológicos y fitoplanctónicos. Los métodos utilizados permitieron evaluar el estado trófico y realizar una zonación, sobre la base de este criterio. En general, en la ZEE al sur, la concentración de bacterias heterótrofas fue más elevada en la época de invierno con relación al verano, destacándose 5 zonas de mayor riqueza: W y E de la Fosa de Jagua, al S de la bahía de Cienfüegos y al E y W del resto de la ZEE. Mediante los tres métodos empleados para determinar el estado trófico se comprobó que las aguas oceánicas al sur son oligotróficas con algunas zonas mesotróficas. Los resultados obtenidos posibilitan profundizar en el conocimiento de la estructura y funcionamiento de los ecosistemas epipelágicos y su influencia sobre algunas especies de importancia pesquera.

Se evaluó el patrón de distribución espacial así como la contribución de las fracciones del plancton a la biomasa planctónica menor de 200 μm en la región NW de las aguas oceánicas adyacentes a Cuba en muestreos realizados en época de invierno (febrero de 1997 y marzo 1999). Los valores de la biomasa bacteriana variaron entre 1.6 y 11.4 mgC m-3 , del nanoplancton entre 5.2 y 20.8 mgC m-3 (Xmedia = 11.4 ± 5.4 mgC m-3) y la del microzooplancton entre 4.2 y 15.5 mgC m-3 (X media = 7.9 ± 3.2 mgC m -3). El microfitoplancton presentó valores de biomasa que variaron entre 1.95 y 15.7 mgC m -3 (Xmedia = 8.8 ± 3.7 mgC m-3). Los mayores valores de biomasa de todas las fracciones estudiadas se encontraron en las aguas oceánicas adyacentes a la zona entre las bahías de Mariel y La Habana. El nanoplancton fue la fracción que más aportó a la biomasa menor de 200 μm en la capa fótica, seguida del microzooplancton, tanto en la estación con influencia costera (N.57) como en la oceánica (N.18).

Resistencia antimicrobiana

Las soluciones intravenosas son empleadas en la práctica diaria en Medicina Veterinaria para tratamientos médicos como mantenimiento y/o reposición de fluidos y la administración de medicamentos, pero al ser reutilizadas por periodos largos de tiempo, el riesgo de contaminación bacteriana aumenta. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue la evaluación de la tasa de contaminación de tres soluciones intravenosas cristaloides, durante un periodo mayor a 72 h en situaciones clínicas habituales del ambiente veterinario. Las soluciones fueron analizas a las 96; 120 y 144 h, se determinó que, a partir de las 96 h de utilización de las soluciones intravenosas, ya existe contaminación bacteriana hasta en un 100 % como es el caso de la dextrosa al 50 %, y una contaminación del 75 % a las 120 h de la solución de cloruro de sodio al 0,9 %, y hasta un 50 % de contaminación de la solución de lactato de Ringer a las 144 h. Se concluye que partir de las 96 h de manipular las soluciones intravenosas, ya existe la presencia de bacterias ambientales, sobre todo en las soluciones dextrosadas que son las más propensas a la contaminación, a pesar de aplicar las técnicas antisépticas adecuadas.