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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common autoimmune disease that is treated with lifelong insulin therapy. Non-target indicators of glycemic control, which are observed in 71% of patients, lead to the formation and progression of diabetes complications, early disability and mortality. In this regard, the search for new approaches to the treatment and prevention of type 1 DM seems to be relevant. Various methods of immunological prophylaxis for the development of type 1 DM have been studied, in particular, the use of monoclonal antibodies. Thus, in November 2022, teplizumab was approved to slow down the clinical progression of the stage of type 1 DM. The prospects for the use of new options for islet cell transplantation are being studied — in June 2023, an allogeneic donor β-cell transplant obtained from the pancreas of donors after death was approved. Another pathogenetically substantiated method for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases is high-dose immunosuppressive therapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HDIT-HSCT). HDIT-HSCT demonstrated its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in various clinical trials. This review provides up-to-date information on modern methods of immunological prophylaxis of type 1 DM.

The aim of the study is to present a successful case in treating primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PCALCL) occurring with common lesions of the skin and lung tissue.Materials and methods. For the verification of the diagnosis in a patient with three types of skin elements (spot, thin plaque with and without ulceration), differential diagnosis was performed between ulcerative pyoderma gangrenosum, PCALCL, large-cell transformation of mycosis fungoides, and secondary skin lesions under the nodal ALK-negtaive ALCL. A complex of studies, including histological, immunohisto - chemical, cytogenetic studies of skin tumor biopsy, allowed the verification of the PCALCL diagnosis. For the treatment of the patient, intensive induction chemotherapy was used followed by high-dose consolidation and autologous transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells.Results. The selected treatment tactics allowed a long-term complete remission of the disease to be achieved in a patient from the poor prognosis group.Conclusion. An algorithm for the differential diagnosis and tactics of treating is presented for a patient with primary anaplastic large cell lymphoma with a widespread skin lesion and extradermal foci.