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Aim: To establish the relationship between consuming foods considered risk factors for gastric cancer and trophic changes in gastric mucosa. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study. We included patients older than 18 admitted for upper GI endoscopy with biopsies who adequately answered a survey of personal history and eating habits. Those with a history of gastric cancer or gastric surgical resection for any reason were excluded. The association between feeding variables and trophic changes in the gastric mucosa was estimated. Results: In a population of 1,096 patients, the average age was 51 years (standard deviation [SD]: 15.5), and 59% were women. Trophic changes in the gastric mucosa were identified in 173 patients (15.8%). No statistical association was found between the independent variables of eating habits, obesity, and positive Helicobacter pylori versus the variable "trophic changes," unlike the variable "family history of gastric cancer" (odds ratio [OR]: 1.49 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-2.17, p = 0.036). One case of high-grade dysplasia was detected in the study population (0.91 cases in 1,000 patients). Conclusions: No association was established between eating habits and trophic changes in the gastric mucosa in the studied population. A family history of gastric cancer is a statistically significant risk factor for developing atrophy, metaplasia, or dysplasia changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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O pâncreas é uma glândula mista com funções endócrinas e exócrinas, responsável pela digestão de carboidratos, gorduras e proteínas através de enzimas e controle glicêmico, via hormônios insulina e glucagon. A insuficiência pancreática exócrina (IPE) é uma doença que acontece por deficiência na produção de enzimas digestivas. Em cães se manifesta quando há redução de 90% da produção de lipase devido a perda progressiva e irreversível do tecido acinar, resultando em uma má digestão e absorção. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso de IPE em um canino, ressaltando os sinais clínicos, métodos de diagnóstico e terapia instituída. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Vila Velha um canino, macho, SRD de um ano e meio com histórico de emagrecimento progressivo há um mês, coprofagia, esteatorreia, aumento de volume fecal e frequência de defecação. Como principal diagnóstico diferencial suspeitou-se de IPE e para tanto foi realizada a dosagem de imunorreatividade semelhante a tripsina canina (cTLI) e dosagem sérica de cobalamina. Os resultados foram consistentes com a suspeita inicial de IPE, pois evidenciaram baixa dosagem de cTLI e cobalamina. O tratamento instituído foi com pancreatina em pó cinco gramas em cada refeição e aplicação de Vitamina B12 por via subcutânea. O paciente apresentou boa resposta ao tratamento com ganho de peso, normorexia e normoquesia. Conclui-se que os sinais clínicos juntamente com a dosagem de cTLI foram fundamentais para obtenção do diagnóstico definitivo e a terapia instituída foi eficaz para a remissão dos sinais clínicos.

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance is the property of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Médica Peruana is the property of Colegio Medico del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As fraturas de mandíbula são as mais comuns no complexo maxilofacial. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso clínico de fratura mandibular em paciente edêntulo total, apresentando mandíbula atrófica, tratada por meio de cirurgia aberta com dispositivo de suporte de carga, demonstrando o manejo e as características pertinentes a esse tratamento. 59 anos de idade, melanoderma, sexo masculino, compareceu ao serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial do Hospital Geral do Estado, Bahia, após ter sido vítima de acidente motociclístico, cursando com trauma em face. No exame físico hiposfagma, equimose e edema periorbital do lado direito, rebordo infraorbital esquerdo, maxila não olho, equimose na boca e mobilidade atípica à manipulação da mandíbula. Exame de imagem, não se-se sinais de sinais mandibulares, próprios do nariz, órbitas e maxilares estruturais do Le Fort I. projeto do sistema 2.4mm. Enquanto as fraturas do terço médio seguiram uma linha de tratamento conservadora. No acompanhamento pós-operatório, observado-se a fratura de risco e ausência de desvio dos cotos fraturados. Além disso, o paciente apresentou boa recuperação clínica. Apesar de não haver consenso na literatura para métodos mecânicos e tratamento de fraturas de próteses atróficas, assim como foi demonstrado o trabalho, a utilização de sistemas de métodos rígidos por dispositivosload-bearing , sendo uma boa alternativa para estabilização e consolidação de casos de atrofia mandibular.

Objetivo: evaluar las variaciones en los niveles séricos de estradiol en mujeres con cáncer de mama y síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, tras la administración de promestrieno intravaginal local. Materiales y métodos: ensayo clínico aleatorizado, doble ciego y controlado. Se incluyeron 92 mujeres mayores de 40 años, tratadas por cáncer de mama HER2-positivos, residentes en Armenia (Colombia), con sintomatología de síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia (SGUM), después de seis meses de haber terminado la terapia oncológica, entre marzo de 2017 y marzo de 2018. El estado posmenopáusico se definió como 12 meses de amenorrea o 6 meses de amenorrea con niveles séricos de FSH = 40 mUI/mL o estradiol < 30 pg/mL. Se asignaron dos grupos: «A» (n=45, promestrieno) y «B» (n=47, placebo). Las del grupo «A» recibieron 10 mg intravaginal, por día, durante 21 días consecutivos, continuando 10 mg semanal por tres meses, luego cada 2 semanas hasta finalizar el estudio. Las del grupo «B» recibieron placebo en la misma forma. Se midió la concentración sérica de estradiol, globulina transportadora de hormonas sexuales, testosterona libre y total, así como la hormona foliculoestimulante y hormona luteoestimulante (al inicio de la terapia, luego cada tres meses y al finalizar el estudio a los doce meses). Resultados: la edad media fue 55,26 ± 5,28 años. Al comienzo no hubo diferencias con respecto a la concentración de estradiol 29,37 ± 8,46 pg/mL (promestrieno); 28,29 ± 7,38 pg/mL (placebo), p>0,05. Al final del estudio, los resultados no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos: 33,16 ± 7,53 pg/mL versus 30,75 ± 6,93 pg/mL, respectivamente (p>0,05). Conclusiones: la terapia hormonal local con promestrieno, en el tratamiento del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, en mujeres con antecedente de cáncer de mama, proporciona evidencia clínica sobre su eficacia y seguridad, con un insignificante impacto en los niveles séricos de estradiol. Objective: to assess the variations in serum estradiol levels in women with breast cancer and genitourinary syndrome of menopause, after the administration of local intravaginal promestriene. Materials and methods: randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. 92 women older than 40 years, treated for HER2-positive breast cancer, resident in Armenia, Colombia; with symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (SGUM), six months after completing oncological therapy; between March 2017 and March 2018. Postmenopausal status was defined as 12 months of amenorrhea or 6 months of amenorrhea with serum FSH levels = 40 mIU / mL or estradiol <30 pg / mL. Two groups were assigned: "A" (n = 45, promestriene) and "B" (n = 47, placebo). Those in group "A" received 10 mg intravaginally, per day, for 21 consecutive days, continuing 10 mg weekly for three months, then every 2 weeks until the end of the study. Those in group "B" received placebo in the same way. The serum concentration of estradiol, sex hormone transporter globulin, free and total testosterone, as well as follicle-stimulating hormone and lute-stimulating hormone (at the start of therapy, then every three months, and at the end of the study at twelve months) were measured. Results: the mean age was 55.26 ± 5.28 years. At the beginning, there were no differences regarding the concentration of estradiol 29.37 ± 8.46 pg / mL (promestriene); 28.29 ± 7.38 pg / mL (placebo), p> 0.05. At the end of the study, the results showed no statistically significant differences between both groups: 33.16 ± 7.53 pg / mL versus 30.75 ± 6.93 pg / mL, respectively (p> 0.05). Conclusions: local hormonal therapy with promestriene, in the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause, in women with a history of breast cancer, provides clinical evidence of its efficacy and safety, with a negligible impact on estradiol serum levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandibular atrophy is a universal disease characterized by extensive bone resorption due to edentulism and bone remodeling caused by it. Data released by Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS -- IBGE), in 2015, reveal that 16 million Brazilians are total edentulous, representing 11% of the population. Patient, female, 78 years old,, leucoderma, total edentulous, using lower overdenture on three anterior implants, was admitted to the Service, referring pain in the left side of the mandible. At the physical examination, no crepitation or displacement was observed. When analyzing a panoramic radiography, a fracture was noted in the left side of mandibular body, due to mandibular atrophy. The conduct applied to resolution of the case was printing of a mandibular prototype for pre-modeling a reconstructive 2.4mm locking plate, across the mandibular body and ramus. The surgery was performed at the hospital, through transcervical access. After exposure of the mandible, the pre-folded reconstruction plate was fixed. A mixture of iliac crest particulate graft, with particulate lyophilized bone graft was used in areas of larger mandibular resorption (bilateral mandibular body), enveloped by a collagenous membrane. Mandibular reconstruction, therefore, allowed the occlusal stability, preventing the risk of new spontaneous fractures, reestablishing function, aesthetics, and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The clinical presentations of Lipoatrophia semicircularis (LS) vary, and diagnostic criteria are unclear. Several etiopathogenic factors, including occupational environmental ones, have been suggested. We aimed to describe a cluster of cases of suspected LS that started to appear in May 2008 among employees of the city council of Madrid, Spain. We report the actions taken by the council’s Occupational Health Service and propose clinical categories with prognostic implications. Material and method: Retrospective observational case series study including prospectively collected data from patients evaluated between 2008 and 2021 at the Madrid City Council STI/Dermatology Department. Information on measures taken by the Occupational Health Service is detailed. The recording of clinical variables for statistical analysis and the proposal of defined clinical patterns were carried out. Results: We studied the cases of 75 women and one man, most of whom attended follow-up visits for a median of 37 months. Local symptoms were observed in just 14.5% of patients. The cases were classified into 4 groups: typical LS, unilateral LS, band-like lipoatrophy in the lower limbs, and nonspecific LS. Clinical outcomes were more often favorable in the first 2 groups, in which 76% of patients achieved total or partial improvement of lesions (vs. 25.8% in the last 2 groups). LS was negatively associated with the presence of hypertrophic subcutaneous adipose tissue (P

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Compagnia is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Presentado en sesión de 23 de junio de 1954

La rehabilitación implanto-protética de maxilares con atrofia severa, presenta un desafío en la odontología actual. La falta de tejido óseo para la colocación de implantes estándares, conlleva tener que decidir una alternativa de tratamiento para el paciente. El objetivo de esta publicación es presentar dos casos clínicos del tratamiento de la atrofia de maxilar superior a través de implantes cigomáticos. Se presentan dos casos clínicos operados mediante la metodología descrita por Branemark, debatiendo las alternativas quirúrgicas actuales. Una paciente presentó dolor peri-orbitario, que fue resuelto inmediatamente. No se presentaron otras complicaciones post quirúrgicas. Se discuten alternativas protéticas de la resolución de estos casos. Transcurridos 12 y 18 meses de la rehabilitación implanto protética, no se presentaron otras complicaciones quirúrgicas ni protéticas en ambos pacientes. Se concluye que la rehabilitación con implantes cigomáticos es una alternativa válida para rehabilitar los maxilares superiores atróficos, de corto tiempo, baja morbilidad, y que presenta tasas de éxito similares a los implantes convencionales.

El cirujano que atiende pacientes con sintomatología gástrica debe tener un conocimiento profundo de los diferentes aspectos que puede reportar una endoscopia digestiva superior, entre ellos la presencia de atrofia y de metaplasia intestinal gástrica. Lo anterior es más importante todavía si se tiene en cuenta que Colombia es un país de alta prevalencia de cáncer gástrico. Se hizo una revisión de la literatura sobre el proceso de atrofia, metaplasia y cáncer gástrico, tratando de buscar la mejor evidencia disponible que soporta la ocurrencia de esta secuencia de eventos, evaluando el papel del Helicobacter pylori y tratando de encontrar cómo debe ser el seguimiento de estos pacientes, con el objetivo de hacer un diagnóstico temprano del cáncer gástrico y finalmente dar unas recomendaciones de manejo.

Objetivos: los trastornos motores, hormonales, neuroendocrinos y el estado de inmunodepresión que presenta el paciente celíaco conlleva al desarrollo de alteraciones digestivas, por lo que el presente estudio pretende determinar si la celiaquía se asocia al desarrollo de lesiones preneoplásicas del tubo digestivo superior y comparar dichos resultados con un grupo control (no celíaco). Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico de casos y controles, en el Instituto Gastroenterológico Boliviano Japonés, Cochabamba, Bolivia. De forma aleatoria simple se obtuvo una muestra de 297 pacientes, para el grupo caso y control. Se utilizó el programa IBM SPSS v- 20, el análisis estadístico con la prueba de Chi cuadrado (con un valor de p=

The life expectancy provided mainly by advances in health treatments, has contributed to the growth of the demographically elderly population. The systemic changes and mandibular atrophy, usually present in this age group, are the main treatment challenges. The main of the present study is to report an experience of four treated case of bilateral fracture in the mandibular body with class III atrophy. Patient's victims of fall or traffic accidents underwent treatment recommended by the AO foundation in 2012, through wide surgical accesses and fracture fixation using the principles of the supported load. Most of patients presented some systemic impairment being necessary, either a systemic assessment of the general condition or the preoperative compensation when found outside the parameters. The average time between the trauma date and the surgery date was three days. The patients did not present any complications in the postoperative period, returning to their previous activities. The early surgical rehabilitation on fractures in atrophic mandibles associated with the stabilization of systemic conditions; favor the rapid reestablishment of the patient's quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: la neoplasia intraepitelial prostática (PIN) es considerada actualmente como la única lesión precursora de cáncer de próstata (CaP); sin embargo se ha sospechado que lesiones atróficas podrían también estar involucradas en su carcinogénesis. En 1999 De Marzo propuso el término atrofia inflamatoria proliferativa (PIA) para denominar una lesión localizada en la zona periférica de la glándula, con células epiteliales altamente proliferativas, frecuentemente acompañada de inflamación, que ha sido postulada como posible lesión precursora de PIN y CaP. Objetivo: revisar los conceptos de atrofia inflamatoria proliferativa (PIA), características morfológicas, genéticas, moleculares y explicar la capacidad precursora de PIN y CaP. Metodología: se revisaron las bases de datos Pubmed, Sciencedirect, EBSCOhost y OvidSP en búsqueda de estudios, revisiones sistemáticas, consensos y meta-análisis con las palabras clave: Proliferative Inflammatory Atrophy, Prostatic Atrophy, Prostatic Carcinoma, usando como fecha límite diciembre de 2012. Resultados: las alteraciones moleculares descritas en la PIA apoyan el origen de ésta lesión en un contexto de estrés oxidativo, posiblemente originado por las células inflamatorias circundantes, que induce en algunas células epiteliales la expresión de genes de defensa contra el daño oxidativo del genoma, mientras que aquellas que fallan en expresar estos genes se tornan vulnerables a oxidantes y electrófilos, lo que las hace propensas a desarrollar alteraciones genéticas que favorecerían su transformación en células cancerígenas. Esto, sumado a la asociación morfológica PIA-PIN/CaP, apunta a una relación progresiva entre estas lesiones. Conclusiones: se ha observado asociación topográfica y transición morfológica de la PIA con la PIN y el CaP. Además se han reportado alteraciones genéticas, somáticas y moleculares en la PIA similares a las observadas en PIN y CaP, por lo que la primera ha sido postulada como posible lesión precursora de las dos últimas. Sin embargo es controversial, algunos estudios no han encontrado pruebas suficientes para sustentar la postulación. Rev.cienc.biomed.2014;5(1):88-99

Introducción: el uso de los implantes extracortos permite la rehabilitación de extremas reabsorciones. Esto obliga en ocasiones a la utilización de prótesis sobre los mismos con una proporción corona-implante desfavorable llegando a ratios de 2:1 o de 3:1 en los casos más extremos. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un análisis de casos clínicos donde se insertaron implantes extracortos con un reborde residual (menor o igual a 5,5mm) y tiempo de carga mínimo de seis meses. Se realizó una prueba de chi-cuadrado para las variables categóricas y una t de Student para las variables continuas. Posteriormente, se realizaron modelos de regresión lineal ajustados. Resultados: fueron reclutados seis casos a los que se les insertaron implantes extracortos. El 21,2% de los pacientes incluidos en el estudio fueron hombres y el 78,8% mujeres, con una edad media de 57 años. La proporción corona-implante medio fue de 3,19 (+/- 0,24). La media de la pérdida ósea mesial de los implantes estudiados fue de 0,86mm (+/- 0,33) y la media de la pérdida ósea prodistal fue de 0,83mm (+/- 0,47). Cuando se analizó la pérdida ósea mesial y distal en función proporción no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0,224). Conclusiones: el uso de implantes extracortos no es un factor de riesgo para la pérdida ósea crestal o para el fracaso de la prótesis o del implante según los datos aportados por este estudio aun cuando la proporción corona-implante sea superior a tres.

Introducción: el conducto nasopalatino (CNP) es un trayecto intraóseo largo y delgado presente en la línea media anterior del maxilar, conecta el paladar con el piso de la cavidad nasal. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar las medidas del conducto nasopalatino y su forma mediante tomografía de haz cónico en pacientes dentados y pacientes desdentados en el sector anterosuperior. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo y comparativo, se tomaron del archivo del Departamento de Imagenología 150 tomografías de pacientes dentados anterosuperiores y 52 tomografías de pacientes desdentados anterosuperiores. Mediante Excel y su herramienta “aleatoria” se seleccionaron 30 tomografías de pacientes dentados y 30 tomografías de pacientes desdentados. Se midió en el plano sagital oblicuo la distancia anteroposterior del conducto nasopalatino a nivel de su tercio superior, medio e inferior. Para determinar su altura se tomó el plano axial del nivel de la bifurcación superior hasta la desembocadura palatina. La adquisición de imágenes se realizó través del software i-Dixel del equipo 3D Accuitomo 170 MORITA, sistema DICOM. Resultados: los pacientes dentados presentan alturas mayores en relación a los pacientes edéntulos. En diámetro transversal los pacientes edéntulos presentan mayor tamaño a nivel del canal del CNP. Las medidas a nivel inferior, medio y superior en las corticales del diámetro del CNP en pacientes dentados son menores en relación a los pacientes edéntulos. Conclusión: los pacientes de 40 a 70 años de ambos sexos con edentulismo anterosuperior presentaron variaciones estructurales topográficas que consisten en mayor anchura, menor longitud y mayor dimensión transversal, siendo conductos agrandados.

Se describen cuatro casos teratológicos correspondientes a atrofias y oligomerias antenales en heterópteros peruanos: atrofia en antena izquierda de Piezogaster obscuratus (Montandon, 1899) (Coreidae) y Oncopeltus (Erythrischius) zonatus (Erichson, 1848) (Lygaeidae), atrofia en antena derecha con anartrogénesis de Oncopeltus (Erythrischius) cingulifer Stal, 1874 (Lygaeidae) y oligomeria simple en antena izquierda de Anasa guayaquila Brailovsky, 1985 (Coreidae). Estas teratosis representan los primeros casos reportados para hemípteros peruanos. Se comentan y discuten las posibles causas de estas teratosis.

Objectives: the digestive, hormonal and neuroendocrine disorders and the state of immunosuppression that the celiac patient presents, leads to the development of digestive alterations, the present study aims to determine whether celiac disease is associated with the development of preneoplastic lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract and compares the results with a control group (non-celiac), Methods: During the period January 2016 to January 2018 at Instituto de Gastroenterología Boliviano Japones - Cochabamba, Bolivia an observational study was conducted, subtype analytical case-control, where 297 samples were obtaining of patients in a simple random way, both for the case and control group. The IMB SPSS v-20 program was used, the statistical analysis was performed using the Chi square test (with p value = <0,05; 95% IC) and the epidemiological analysis with the calculation of the Odds ratio (OR). Results: a statistically and epidemiological significant association was observed for the celiac group with preneoplastic lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract (p = 0,001) OR 7,23(IC 95% 5,387 -9,722) compared to the control group that presents a statistical association (p = 0,03); but with a negative epidemiological significance OR 0,708 (IC 95% 0,639 -0,783). Conclusions: there is a higher prevalence of celiac patients with preneoplastic lesions (esophageal and gastric intestinal metaplasia, gastric atrophy, dysplasia), compared to the non-celiac group. This demonstrates the importance of early diagnosis and investigation of this entity, avoiding the development of lesions that could be considered irreversible in the digestive system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Livedoid vasculopathy is a chronic and prothrombotic skin disease. Clinically it presents with painful ulcerations in the legs, which can suffer irreversible scars. It is associated with several coagulopathies; the diagnosis is based on clinical and histopathology. CLINICAL CASES: Two female patients, of 17 and 26 years old, with a clinical histological diagnosis of livedoid vasculopathy with adequate response to treatment with rivaroxaban. CONCLUSIONS: New case reports suggest factor Xa-inhibitors, such as rivaroxaban, that may be administered via oral and do not require surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O sertolioma é um dos tumores que mais afetam cães idosos, sendo mais incidentes em animais criptorquidas. Geralmente esses tumores são extremamente expansivos, podendo comprimir e destruir os tecidos adjacentes. Para sua identificação é necessário à realização de exame histopatológico. Este trabalho teve por objetivo relatar a ocorrência de gonadopatia criptorquidica direita, acompanhada por processo neoplásico associado em um cão de 10 anos de idade. Após a orquiectomia os testículos foram encaminhados ao Laboratório de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, e para a análise histopatológica o material foi processado rotineiramente para inclusão em parafina e colorações por hematoxilina-eosina (HE), e Tricrômico de Gomory. Histologicamente, observou-se espessamento albugíneo pela proliferação de tecido conjuntivo. No parênquima testicular os túbulos possuíam somente células de Sertoli, estavam diminuídos em número e espaçados por tecido conjuntivo denso proliferado. O processo neoplásico situava-se em uma região mais central e, morfologicamente, observou-se na configuração tubular, células demonstrando vacuolização citoplasmática e, alguns locais, dispondo-se em paliçadas, aspectos morfológicos característicos de sertolioma.

La enfermedad de Hirayama o atrofia muscular espinal juvenil no progresiva de las extremidades superiores es una clase de mielopatía relacionada con la flexión del cuello. Afecta principalmente a hombres jóvenes (entre 15 y 25 años) y se caracteriza por una debilidad muscular asimétrica y unilateral de miembros superiores con atrofia. Suele presentarse de manera insidiosa, con curso progresivo y autolimitado a los 3-4 años del inicio del cuadro. Se cree que es producida por trastornos isquémicos en la microcirculación de las astas anteriores del segmento medular cervical entre C8 y T1 por la compresión en el segmento medular anterior debido al desplazamiento anterior de la duramadre al flexionar el cuello. Si bien existen varias teorías sobre la causa de este deslizamiento, la más aceptada se relaciona con la falta de crecimiento de la duramadre con respecto a la columna durante la pubertad. Esto provocaría un aumento de la tensión de la dura posterior y, como consecuencia, el desplazamiento anterior durante la flexión. Dado su excelente contraste tisular y la posibilidad de realizar adquisiciones en distintos planos, la resonancia magnética es el estudio de elección. Las imágenes deben ser obtenidas en posición neutra y en flexión cervical máxima para poner de manifiesto el desplazamiento de la dura, con el consiguiente aumento de la sensibilidad y especificidad de la prueba. Así, se logra mayor confianza en el diagnóstico y menor cantidad de falsos positivos, en comparación con la posición neutra como única adquisición.

Un porcentaje importante de pacientes con gastritis crónica atrófica corporal autoinmune, o gastritis tipo A, desarrollan enfermedad autoinmune tiroidea (enfermedad de Graves o de Hashimoto) y viceversa, situación conocida como síndrome autoinmune tirogástrico (SAT), pero no se conoce su prevalencia, por lo que puede pasarse sin el diagnóstico completo. El desarrollo de la gastritis atrófica limita la absorción de la vitamina B12, lo que lleva a alteraciones hematológicas, neurológicas y metabólicas, por tanto, es importante realizar las pruebas necesarias para su diagnóstico y seguir de cerca la evolución de los pacientes. La detección serológica de los autoanticuerpos contra la glándula tiroides y el cuerpo gástrico muestran la etiología autoinmune y un estado inflamatorio con daño tisular. Todo paciente con enfermedad autoinmune debe ser valorado para descartar la presencia de otras patologías de etiología inmunológica.

Neurocognitive impairment and aging are associated with atrophy of the gray matter, mesial and posterior cortical predominance in Alzheimer disease (AD). There are also alterations in the white matter. This study correlates the hippocampal volume with values of factional anisotropy, as a sign of degeneration in the white matter in 3 groups of patients, with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and controls. Results: The volume of the right hippocampus had a mean of 2.126cc (0.727 standard deviation [SD]) for the AD group, 2.804cc (0.467 SD) for the MCI group, and 3.932cc (0.961 SD) for the control group. The volume of the left hippocampus was 2.274cc (0.48 SD) for the AD group, 2.728cc (0.653 SD) for the MCI group, and 3.807cc (0.867 SD) for the control group. Correlation between hippocampal volume and fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the anterior temporal regions, splenium and posterior cingulate was demonstrated. Conclusion: There is a strong correlation of the hippocampal volume and a decrease in FA of the anterior temporal regions, posterior cingulate and splenius of the corpus callosum. This demonstrates association of leukopathy and decreased cortical volume, with the degree of neurocognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livedoid Vasculopathy is a disease characterized by occlusion of the capillaries of the dermis, without inflammatory signs. It begins with purpuric papules or macules that develop into painful ulcers, mainly involving the ankles and feet. In this case report, we describe diagnosis and treatment in a young pregnant patient, with excellent clinical response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic, multisystemic, and multifactorial disease that affects both upper and lower motor neurons. The loss of gait is one of the main symptoms of ALS and is associated with patient dependency. Few studies in the literature address gait assessment in ALS patients, with the majority of them being based on mathematical models to diagnose numerical alterations in gait parameters. Understanding this data can be useful for predicting gait loss and delaying disease progression, which currently has no cure. [Extracted from the article]

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Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Objective: To determine the prevalence of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause in a population of sexually active women 40 years of age or older. Materials and methods: Descriptive crosssectional study which included women diagnosed with menopause, sexually active over the past six weeks and residents of the Department of Quindío in the coffee growing Andean region of Colombia. Excluded were women with surgical menopause, illiterate, and with mental disorders or deficit. The study was conducted in a private referral centre between 2013 and 2016. Consecutive convenience sampling was used. Measured variables included demographics, vulvovaginal and lower urinary tract symptoms associated with the genitourinary syndrome of menopause, and the presence of global sexual dysfunction, using the Female Sexual Function Index validated in Spanish and by type of dysfunction. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed applying absolute and relative frequency measurements. Prevalence was calculated as the number of women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause/number of women interviewed. Results: Of a total of 597 women selected to participate in the study, 558 (93.46%) were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause was 51.61% (62.88% in women over 55 years of age and 39.32% in women under 55). The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in the study group was 67.2%. Findings included altered desire (67.2%), arousal (45.16%), orgasm (44.08%), and lubrication (32.25%), as well as pain during intercourse (13.97%). Conclusion: A high prevalence of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause and sexual dysfunction was found in the study population. Population studies are required in order to determine the size of the problem in the Latin American region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objetivo: presentar el manejo realizado a una mujer con evisceración intestinal transvaginal como consecuencia de un trauma genital y perineal; describir la etiología, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de esta condición ginecológica mediante una revisión de la literatura. Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de una mujer de 63 años de edad, con prolapso genital, quien sufre caída desde su propia altura que ocasiona trauma contundente y por aplastamiento a nivel genital y perineal; posteriormente se presenta disrupción de la pared vaginal y salida de asas intestinales, por lo que consultó a un hospital público de referencia ubicado en Bogotá, Colombia. Se realiza una búsqueda de la literatura en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, Science Direct y MD Consult, por medio de las palabras clave "vaginal" "evisceration" y "trauma". La búsqueda se limitó a artículos escritos en inglés y español. Resultados: se encontraron 40 artículos. Se seleccionaron 16 estudios: un artículo descriptivo de serie de casos y el resto corresponden a reportes de caso. La mayoría de reportes de casos descritos corresponden a pacientes en etapa posmenopáusica con antecedente de cirugía pélvica ginecológica, aunque existen reportes en mujeres en edad fértil cuyo mecanismo causal es diferente. El diagnóstico se basa en la historia clínica y hallazgos al examen físico. Es considerada una urgencia quirúrgica. La vía del abordaje quirúrgico depende de los hallazgos al examen físico y de las condiciones médicas asociadas. Conclusión: la evisceración transvaginal es una entidad poco frecuente, se considera una urgencia quirúrgica por las posibles complicaciones asociadas a la contaminación peritoneal o necrosis.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical response of patients with symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause after application of microablative fractional radiofrequency in the vagina and vaginal introitus. Methods: Fourteen patients with symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause underwent three applications of microablative fractional radiofrequency with a 30-day interval, using the Wavetronic 6000HF-FRAXX device and a fractional vaginal electrode. The questionnaires World Health Organization Quality of Life (for quality of life evaluation), Female Sexual Function Index and Quality of Life Adapted Questionnaire in the Domain of Sexual Satisfaction (for sexual function and satisfaction evaluation) were administered before and after the applications (30 to 60 days after the last procedure), in addition to the satisfaction questionnaire after procedure. Results: There was an increase in almost all dimensions on average in quality of life, with statistical significance only in the health domain. There was a significant improvement in the sexual domains in almost all dimensions. All patients stopped using lubricant during intercourse after treatment. In the satisfaction questionnaire after treatment, we observed that the vast majority felt cured or much better (29% and 64%, respectively, total of 92.6%) and were very satisfied or satisfied (43 and 57%, respectively, total of 100%). The only patient who reported little improvement had an 18-year postmenopausal history and was treatment naïve. Conclusion: Microablative fractional radiofrequency was effective in treating symptoms of vaginal dryness and dyspareunia, and eliminated the use of vaginal lubricant during the period observed. Since this is a pilot study with a small number of patients, further studies are required to corroborate our findings and evaluate the long-term effects of microablative fractional radiofrequency on the vaginal tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Marshall´s syndrome is a form of acquired cutis laxa without systemic involvement, which is preceded by an inflammatory dermatitis with a neutrophilic component. We report a case of a 6-year-old boy with clinical and histopathological features of this syndrome. The etiology remains unknown and there is no definitive treatment.Síndrome de Marshall é uma forma de cutis laxa adquirida, sem envolvimento sistêmico, que é precedida por uma dermatite inflamatória com componente neutrofílico. Relatamos o caso de um menino de 6 anos de idade com as características clínicas e histopatológicas desta síndrome. A etiologia desta doença permanece desconhecida e ainda não existe um tratamento definitivo.

Los xantomas gástricos son lesiones encontradas incidentalmente en la endoscopia digestiva alta. Consisten en la acumulación de lípidos en la mucosa gástrica. Estas lesiones se han reportado en serie de casos asociadas con metaplasia o atrofia y en reportes de casos vinculados con cáncer gástrico; sin embargo, no se han realizado estudios comparativos que busquen comprobar esta asociación. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar si los pacientes con xantomas tienen más lesiones malignas (displasia o cáncer) o condiciones premalignas (atrofia o metaplasia). Materiales y métodos: se trata de un estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles realizado en el Hospital El Tunal, en pacientes que fueron sometidos a endoscopia de vías digestivas altas (EVDA) para evaluación de dispepsia. A cada caso de xantoma se le asignó un control de endoscopia realizado el mismo día por el síntoma de dispepsia y escogido de manera aleatoria. Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a biopsias para evaluación histológica y por infección de Helicobacter pylori. Resultados: en total se reclutaron 186 pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, ya que tenían indicación de EVDA porque cursaban con dispepsia no investigada. Fueron comparados dos grupos de pa- cientes: el primero, con hallazgo de xantomas gástricos en la endoscopia (n = 90) y el segundo, sin estos hallazgos (n = 96). El promedio de edad de los pacientes con xantomas fue de 57, 4 versus 38,3 del grupo control, 35% sexo masculino versus 35,6%, respectivamente. Los xantomas fueron únicos en el 72%. La mayoría se ubicó en el antro (53%), cuerpo (32%), antro o cuerpo (10%) y fondo (5%). En los pacientes sin xantomas no se presentaron casos de displasia (0%), mientras que en el grupo con xantomas, 5,5% de los pacientes lo presentó (5 casos), de los cuales 2 fueron de bajo grado y 3, de alto grado. El 66% del grupo xantoma versus el 85% del control tenía infección por H. pylori. Tres pacientes presentaron cáncer gástrico temprano (3,3%) en el grupo de los xantomas versus 0% en el control. Conclusión: nuestro trabajo muestra que los xantomas gástricos son un factor de riesgo para la presencia de condiciones premalignas: atrofia o metaplasia intestinal. Lo más importante es que están asociados con displasia y cáncer gástrico, lo cual nos obliga a ser aún más cuidadosos en la evaluación endoscópica, cuan- do nos encontremos incidentalmente un xantoma, y probablemente a realizarles un mapeo gástrico, ya que por lo general es posible observar una condición premaligna. Sin embargo, se deben llevar a cabo estudios más grandes y multicéntricos para comprobar estas asociaciones.