Search

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI), such as image recognition and fixed-point and digital scanning, has been increasingly applied in dental orthodontics. ChatGPT is an emerging artificial intelligence technology that has attracted a considerable amount of attention from people of all walks of life since its introduction. This paper discusses the application potential of ChatGPT in the field of orthodontics from two perspectives—education and clinical practice—and analyzes its limitations. Current reports show that ChatGPT can improve the efficiency of teaching in orthodontic education as well as assist users in completing medical mock exams training, writing papers and conducting academic research, etc. In the clinic, ChatGPT can be used to engage patients in medical dialog, simplify clinical procedures and improve diagnostic and treatment efficiency. However, because ChatGPT is still in the early stages of research and application, there are problems such as insufficient data, inaccurate answers, and poor academic ethics and privacy. In the future, additional studies, training and optimization are needed to ensure the safety, ethics and benefit of AI, laying the foundation for improving the use of AI in the field of orthodontics.

Due to the high cost and complex challenges faced by offshore wind power transmission, economic research into offshore wind power transmission can provide a scientific basis for optimal decision-making on offshore wind power projects. Based on the analysis of the topology structure and characteristics of typical wind power transmission schemes, this paper compares the economic benefits of five different transmission schemes with a 3.6 GW sizeable onshore wind farm as the primary case. Research includes traditional high voltage alternating current (HVAC), voltage source converter high voltage direct current transmission (VSC-HVDC), a fractional frequency transmission system (FFTS), and two hybrid DC (MMC-LCC and DR-MMC) transmission scenarios. The entire life cycle cost analysis model (LCCA) is employed to thoroughly assess the cumulative impact of initial investment costs, operational expenses, and eventual scrap costs on top of the overall transmission scheme's total cost. This comprehensive evaluation ensures a nuanced understanding of the financial implications across the project's entire lifespan. In this example, HVAC has an economic advantage over VSC-HVDC in the transmission distance range of 78 km, and the financial range of a FFTS is 78–117 km. DR-MMC is better than the flexible DC delivery scheme in terms of transmission capacity, scalability, and offshore working platform construction costs in the DC delivery scheme. Therefore, the hybrid DC delivery scheme of offshore wind power composed of multi-type converters has excellent application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an important ecological security barrier in China. Considering the rich local waste biomass with a single treatment method and low level of resource utilization, biochar utilization of solid waste biomass can be carried out based on the research that biochar has abundant material sources. According to the application methods of various types of solid waste resources that have not been carried out, this review analyzes and discusses various types of waste biomass resources in the plateau region, such as sewage plant sludge, food waste, green leaves, barley straw, yak manure, and the unique Tibetan tea and Tibetan medicine residue waste, and reviews the biochar methods and applications for similar raw materials at home and abroad. Further, the technical outlook of solar pyrolysis technology and UV radiation modification technology and the development of hybrid pyrolysis to enhance the performance of biochar materials and heavy metal passivation are proposed by utilizing the solar energy resources of the Tibetan Plateau. Collectively, it provides a reference for prevention and restoration methods for the fragile ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, reduces the pressure of waste disposal in the region, and realizes the resource utilization of waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases is the property of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The continuous enhancement of national health awareness has led to the continuous expansion of the market capacity of sports nutrition food. However, factors such as severe product homogenization and lack of innovation have limited the development of the industry. Yeast proteins have high nutritional value, abundant in essential amino and branched-chain amino acid, with slow digestion characteristics. At present, it is mainly used in food processing as protein supplement and muscle recovery supplements, which can enhance the nutritional value of protein in food, partially replace the use of whey protein, and extend the sense of satiety. Thus, the application of yeast proteins in sports nutrition food is promising. This paper introduces the functions of common nutrients, nutritional characteristics and application status of yeast proteins, and then analyzes and summarizes the application prospects of yeast protein in sports nutrition food, providing ideas for the innovative development of sports nutrition food.

Phytohormone is a key regulator of plant growth and development. It has important effects on plant under biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the dose control of phytohormone is always a difficult problem in the application process, which limits the application range of phytohormone. Nanotechnology, because of its characteristics of controlled release, targeted therapy, non-pollution, high adsorption, lower volatilization of active substances, and low dosage of drug, comes into researchers’ vision. Nanomaterials were directly applicated on crops at the early stage, and then active substances, such as pesticides, were encapsulated with nanomaterials, also achieved good results in the field. Currently, more and more attentions have been paid to nano-enabled delivery of phytohormones to plants, and formed a new field in agriculture. In present work, we reviewed the existing literatures, focused on the important regulatory roles of phytohormones in plant growth and development and their application potential, and the development and application prospect of nanomaterials combined with phytohormones were also have been discussed.

The application of total mixed ration (TMR) technology in camel breeding and camel milk production in Xinjiang was investigated. The unique geographical environment of Xinjiang makes it an ideal region for camel survival. However, camel breeding currently faces issues such as low mechanization and low feed utilization efficiency. The TMR technology, by providing a nutritionally balanced diet, can improve feed utilization and production performance, thereby enhancing the economic benefits of camel breeding. The definition and advantages of TMR technology and its application in camel husbandry were outlined, the importance of TMR technology in increasing camel milk yield and quality was explored, and selection principles for TMR machinery suitable for camel breeding were proposed. Through scientifically reasonable feed formulations and the application of TMR technology, the camel breeding industry is expected to achieve large-scale and industrialized development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forests have been the most important components of terrestrial ecosystems to maintain the ecological balance and national ecological security. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as the representatives of intelligent forestry equipment in recent years, with the ever-increasing demand for forestry informatization, precision, and intelligence. UAV technology can also play a key role in the precise investigation, design, planning, and management of forests. The concept of precision forestry has gained much recognition in the industry, leading to the high demand for UAV technology. A hot issue is to effectively synergize the UAV technology with the development needs of modern forestry, in order to achieve the precise quality and sustainable forest. This review was focused on the background and current status of UAV technology in the field of precision forestry. A combination of bibliometric analysis and case study was employed to provide an in-depth summary of the application of UAV technology in various areas of precision forestry, including forest resources investigation and monitoring, early warning of forest pests and diseases, forest fire prevention and control, forestry plant protection, and forestry management and law enforcement. The advantages and limitations of UAV technology were objectively analyzed in these areas. The study results indicate that the UAV technology made significant progress in the field of precision forestry, primarily driven by the demands of forestry practitioners. Traditional operations can be expected to update and improve the key UAV technologies. The UAV was used to provide high-resolution image data support for the forest resources survey and monitoring, enabling the efficient extraction of forest stand factors. In terms of early warning of forest pests and diseases, UAV was utilized to accurately identify the various pests and diseases, and then delineate the infected forest areas. In forest fire prevention and control, the UAV was used to predict and monitor the forest fires, providing for the latest news for firefighting. In forestry plant protection, the UAV applications in pesticide application, irrigation, and seeding effectively reduced resource wastage. In forestry management and law enforcement, the UAV was used to offer a safer way to monitor the forest ecosystems, prevent wildlife, and combat illegal activities. Some challenges were also given to the UAV technology in the implementation of precision forestry. These challenges mainly included the inadequate battery capacity of UAVs, high prices of UAV sensors, difficulties in fusing multi-source data, limited clustering and intelligent capabilities of UAVs, as well as the urgent improvement in the UAV-related laws and regulations. In conclusion, this finding can provide valuable insights into the application of UAV technology in precision forestry. Deep integration of UAV technology can also be further strengthened for the entry needs in the future, in order to promote the rapid and sustainable development in precision forestry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Continue Education Research is the property of Harbin Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Anthocyanidin, also known as anthocyanin, is a water-soluble natural food pigment widely existing in nature, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-obesity, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Most anthocyanins are extracted from fruits, grains, and plants, and are sensitive to factors such as light, temperature, pH value, metal ions, and oxidants. There are currently 22 major categories of anthocyanins, over 250 types, among which there are mainly 6 types, namely geranium pigments, cornflower pigments, oat pigments, peony pigments, morning glory pigments, and mallow pigments. Currently, anthocyanins are widely used in health products, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food coloring.In this article, the physical and chemical properties of anthocyanidin and its application in animal production were reviewed. The purpose is to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient use of anthocyanidin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Storage & Process is the property of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Storage & Process is the property of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper introduces the characteristics of lightweight aggregate concrete, analyzes the design method of lightweight aggregate mix ratio, summarizes the research progress of different lightweight aggregate concrete properties affected by various factors at home and abroad in recent years, explores the microscopic representation of lightweight aggregate concrete, points out the existing defects of lightweight aggregate concrete such as poor workability, easy to block pumpability, and gives reasonable suggestions. The future development direction and application prospect of lightweight aggregate concrete are prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epoxy resins are widely utilized in electronics, electrical components, and communication equipment for polymer‐based wave‐transparent composites. However, the dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss (tanδ) of common epoxy resins are relatively high (ε for 3.8–4.2; tanδ for 0.018–0.025), and the corresponding impact resistance is poor. Thus, it cannot meet the requirements of advanced microelectronic materials. And the epoxy resins prepared by filling the inorganic fillers are difficult to combine the low ε with good machining performance. The ε and tanδ of intrinsic epoxy resins can be decreased by the synthesis of epoxy monomers and curing agents and the optimization of the final curing network. Meanwhile, the use of some special processing methods, such as the electrospinning technology, is also conducive to reducing the ε and tanδ values of final epoxy‐cured resins. The factors affecting the dielectric properties of epoxy‐cured resins, and the common methods to decrease the ε value of epoxy‐cured resins are reviewed in this article. Then, the design, synthesis and research progress of ultra‐low ε epoxy resins are investigated with the relevant academic results. Finally, the development trends and application prospects of the ultra‐low ε epoxy resins are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous improvement of global technological levels and the increasing demand for high-performance alloy materials in national economic construction, the traditional single principal component alloy is increasingly unable to meet people's increasing service needs. High-entropy alloys play an important role in aerospace, mechanical manufacturing, biomedicine, energy development and other engineering fields because of their unique physical, chemical and mechanical properties. Based on the concept of high-entropy alloys, the high-entropy effect, lattice distortion effect, sluggish diffusion effect and cocktail effect of high-entropy alloys are represented in this paper. The common preparation methods of high-entropy alloys are summarized according to the classification of melting-casting method, mechanical alloying method and coating method. The strength and toughness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, fatigue resistance, radiation resistance and magnetic properties of the high-entropy alloys are discussed. The application prospect of high-entropy alloys is summarized, and the future research and development direction of high-entropy alloys are prospected on this basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) has hindered the utilization of coal resources and the development of the global economy for centuries. At present, many materials are used for preventing and extinguishing CSC fires, and different types of materials have various sites of action. In this paper, research on CSC fire prevention and extinguishing materials is reviewed and proposed. The preparation schemes and effects of physical barrier materials, chemical inhibitors, composite materials, and other fields of fire prevention materials were discussed. The improved compounding schemes of CSC inhibiting materials were analyzed regarding the characteristics of base materials and material properties. It was found that in the field of fire prevention materials, plant extracts, hydrolyzed proteins, biomass, and other green recycling materials have gradually become the new trend in materials. The composite material has a synergistic physical barrier and chemical inhibition and has a good inhibitory effect on coal heat storage and group activation, which has become an inhibitory material that is highly concerning. CSC inhibiting technology involving microbial control has emerged and exhibits notable characteristics, including a green cycle and long action time, but its application still needs to control the coexistence of heterogeneous microorganisms and improve the environmental livability. High‐quality firefighting materials, which are used in preventing battery fires, fighting building fires, inert coatings of cotton fabric, and other fields, have potential applicational value for CSC prevention. This review aims to provide new ideas for the research of CSC fireproof materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (2097-2806) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research and development of Chengyin detoxification prescription are taken as research objects. Starting from preparation research and development, clinical research, urgency and market demand, and significance for industrial development, the relevant research of Chengyin detoxification prescription is systematically reviewed, and the application prospect of the ethnic medicine preparations is looked forward to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants is the property of Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Magnesium alloys are widely used in industrial fields with excellent comprehensive properties. At the same time, as the lightest structural metal, magnesium alloys are expected to replace aluminum alloys and steels to achieve significant weight reduction in aircraft and automobiles. However, the current mainstream magnesium alloy processing methods usually possess the limitations of complex process flow, low material utilization and high manufacturing cost, which limit the wide application of magnesium alloys. With the advantages of high deposition rate and high process flexibility, wire-arc directed energy deposition (DED) process is promising for the fabrication of large and complex magnesium alloy components to improve manufacturing efficiency and increase material utilization. Due to the uniqueness of wire-arc DED, magnesium alloys deposited by this process have different microstructure and properties from other techniques. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the forming characteristics of wire-arc DED magnesium alloys, summarizes the current status of research on microstructure, properties and defects in this field and presents some feasible quality optimization strategies. On this basis, the limitations of the current research are concluded and comments are provided for subsequent research. Current research has shown that wire-arc DED has the capability to deposit full equiaxed grains magnesium alloys. The future research should be focus on the development of new magnesium alloy wires, the regulation of macro morphology, microstructure and properties, the combination of auxiliary processes and the suppression of defects, in order to further improve the properties of magnesium alloy components and broaden the way for their application.

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai University / Shanghai Daxue Xuebao is the property of Journal of Shanghai University (Natural Sciences) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Effective exploration technology is urgently needed to carry out the strategic action of mineral exploration breakthrough in China. Aerogeophysics is an important and efficient mineral exploration method, which has played an important role in the world mineral exploration history. Since the 21st century, aero geophysical technology has made great progress in China, such as self-developed high-sensitivity instruments, higher resolution and more types of seamless data collection methods, finer data processing and more accurate interpretation methods, greater detection depth, and wider application fields. In particular, new exploration technologies such as multi-parameter aeromagnetic, airborne time-domain electromagnetic, and airborne gravity, have developed rapidly. Examples of mineral exploration show that aerogeophysics can play an important direct or indirect role in different stages of strategic mineral exploration, especially in the exploration of iron, copper, nickel, uranium, sylvite and other scarce minerals. However, for the new requirements of difficult access and deep earth prospecting, aero geophysical mineral exploration faces some difficulties, such as weak useful geophysical signals, large interference from shallow parts, uncertainty of detection results and difficult construction of geological and geophysical prospecting models. Moreover, the self-developed aeronautical geophysical instruments are not sufficiently practical and used enough. In addition, the development of UAV survey technology is slow, and higher resolution technologies such as aeromagnetic gradient tensor, aero gravity gradient tensor and airborne electromagnetic technology are developing slowly. Advanced and practical high-precision airborne geophysical data acquisition and data processing technologies need to be improved, and the integration of aero geophysical and other methods is not deep enough. The functions of different methods and stages of aero geophysical prospecting were preliminarily summarized, as well as the effectiveness of detecting different mineral species and types, and the idea of aero geophysical technology supporting strategic mineral exploration was proposed. Guided by advanced metallogenic system theory, the effective technologies or technology combinations were studied to solve the problems of mineral exploration deployment and accurate positioning of concealed mineral bodies or geological bodies. Making breakthroughs were focused on in the practicability of domestic instruments and software platforms, developing instruments with higher sensitivity, developing efficient low-altitude high-resolution aero geophysical integration exploration methods, effective information enhancement and weak signal extraction technologies, and intelligent multi-source joint inversion and geophysical geological modeling methods. At the same time, the air-ground-borehole geophysical exploration technology was looked forward to the application prospect of aviation geophysical strategic minerals exploration, and the development trend of aero geophysical exploration technology and the technical methods that need to be developed in the future were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyphyly and diversity are the first criterion of the development of the universe.At present, the development of network technology has not been divorced from the basic paradigm of self-evolution based on a single system or self-replacement, which has greatly restricted the innovation demand of the network technology system and related services characterized with “human-network-thing” as the object, the integration of computing, storage and transmission as the means, and multi-dimensional and multi-dimensional integrated new world.From the perspective of thinking and methodology, a multimodal network development paradigm that separates the network technology system from the supporting environment was proposed.Combined with the scenarios of cloud computing, the new modes and application scenarios of polymorphic network business operation were prospected.

Copyright of Telecommunication Engineering is the property of Telecommunication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Besides providing resulting data, the evaluation of resource abundance is more important to provide evidence for the optimization of favorable areas and the deployment of exploration. In view of the drawbacks of traditional methods, combined with the newly developed thermal-pressure simulation method of formation porosity and basin simulation method, this paper puts forward the process of shale gas resource evaluation using the "retention coefficiency" method. It is pointed out that the model of hydrocarbon generation-expulsion-retention and the "retention coefficiency"are the two most critical parameters in this new method. The Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation to Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation, which are the most highly explored shale in China, are taken as targets to illustrate the application process of the new method. Results show that the new method has good applicability and feasibility in shale gas resource evaluation. Compared with traditional methods, the "retention coefficiency" method not only considers the dynamic evolution process of shale gas, but also considers the influence of late preservation conditions on shale gas enrichment. In addition, the new method can describe the spatial distribution characteristics of shale gas resources, with a broad application prospect in shale gas resource evaluation and favorable area optimization.

为开发不含反式脂肪酸的固态基料油，对全氢化棉籽油的理化性质、脂肪酸组成和微观结构进行研究。参照相应的国标方法对全氢化棉籽油的基本理化指标进行测定，利用气相色谱分析其脂肪酸组成，通过脉冲核磁共振仪测定其固体脂肪含量，最后采用偏光显微镜观察、差示扫描量热法以及X射线衍射对其晶体结构进行表征。结果表明：全氢化棉籽油的基本理化指标均符合国标对食用氢化油的要求；全氢化棉籽油脂肪酸组成主要为棕榈酸和硬脂酸，几乎不含反式脂肪酸；固体脂肪含量结果显示全氢化棉籽油在40 ℃时依然保持固态，适合与液态油复配使用；另外,全氢化棉籽油的微观形态呈细小、密集的针状，符合β′晶型，也存在一定量的β晶型。研究表明以全氢化棉籽油为酯交换共混物基料油、医药原料、化妆品原料具有一定的应用和开发前景。In order to develop solid base oil products without trans fatty acids, the physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition and microstructure of fully hydrogenated cottonseed oil were studied. The basic physicochemical indexes of fully hydrogenated cottonseed oil were determined according to the corresponding national standard methods, the fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography, the solid fat content was determined by pulsed NMR, finally, the crystal structure was characterized by polarizing microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the physicochemical indexes of fully hydrogenated cottonseed oil met the national standard for edible hydrogenated oil. Its fatty acid composition was mainly palmitic acid and stearic acid, and almost contained no trans fatty acids. The results of solid fat content showed that fully hydrogenated cottonseed oil remained solid at 40 ℃ which was suitable for compounding with liquid oil. In addition, the micromorphology of fully hydrogenated cottonseed oil was fine and dense needle, which was consistent with the β′ crystal form, and there was also a certain amount of β crystal form. The above researches showed that using fully hydrogenated cottonseed oil as transesterification blend base oil, pharmaceutical raw materials and cosmetics raw materials had a certain application and development prospect.

In recent years, the sudden rise of high entropy alloys (HEAs) has become a hot research topic in the field of metal materials. The high entropy alloy is located in the central region of phase diagram, which has broad alloy composition space and possible formation of microstructure. The synergistic regulation of composition and preparation process can obtain richer structure. Unconventional chemical structure is expected to break through the performance limit of traditional anti-wear and lubricating alloys. In this work, the classification of wear-resistant HEAs was discussed. The effects of the addition of chemically active metals, soft metals and refractory metals on the wear resistance and lubrication properties of HEAs were analyzed. The effects of non-metallic elements and ceramic phases on the tribological properties of HEAs matrix composites were summarized. The effects of heat treatment and surface engineering technology on the surface microstructure and tribological behavior of HEAs were reviewed. The design method of HEAs with anti-wear lubrication under severe working conditions was discussed. The future research and application of HEAs in the field of friction and wear were prospected. High entropy alloys have great potential to solve the bottleneck problems of traditional alloys, such as to realize stable lubrication and anti-wear under extreme working conditions and to ensure anti-wear under specific functions.

Salt is important for food flavor, but excessive sodium intake leads to adverse health consequences. Thus, salty and saltiness-enhancing peptides are developed for sodium-reduction products. This review elucidates saltiness perception process and analyses correlation between the peptide structure and saltiness-enhancing ability. These peptides interact with taste receptors to produce saltiness perception, including ENaC, TRPV1, and TMC4. This review also outlines preparation, isolation, purification, characterization, screening, and assessment techniques of these peptides and discusses their potential applications. These peptides are from various sources and produced through enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, or Millard reaction and then separated, purified, identified, and screened. Sensory evaluation, electronic tongue, bioelectronic tongue, and cell and animal models are the primary saltiness assessment approaches. These peptides can be used in sodium-reduction food products to produce "clean label" items, and the peptides with biological activity can also serve as functional ingredients, making them very promising for food industry. • Saltiness is produced by the interaction between peptides and taste receptors. • The key production and assessment methods for peptides are presented. • Peptides with enhancing saltiness are used in sodium-reduced and functional foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have become an important concept in the field of climate change and sustainable development. The study screens academic journals relevant NbS researches using China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science database to explore different perspectives for Nature-based Solutions research through qualitative analysis. This study reviews the existing research on NbS, summarizes what research ideas are covered by Nature-based Solutions, as well as the relationship between previous relevant studies, focuses on different perspectives of refining the implementation of Nature-based Solutions in various studies and practices, and explains them with typical cases. The research shows that existing Nature-based Solutions researches mostly prefer to determine schemes by objects, with insufficient emphasis on subjects and goals. On this basis, the specific operational framework of promoting Nature-based Solutions in China is considered to promote the development of indigenous application of Nature-based Solutions in China. This study reveals the diversified ideas in the research and implementation of Nature-based Solutions at home and abroad, which is of practical significance to promote the localization of Nature-based Solutions in China.

The recycling, development, and application of keratin-containing waste (e.g., hair, wool, feather, and so on) provide an important means to address related environmental pollution and energy shortage issues. The extraction of keratin and the development of keratin-based functional materials are key to solving keratin-containing waste pollution. Keratin-based biofilms are gaining substantial interest due to their excellent characteristics, such as good biocompatibility, high biodegradability, appropriate adsorption, and rich renewable sources, among others. At present, keratin-based biofilms are a good option for various applications, and the development of keratin-based biofilms from keratin-containing waste is considered crucial for sustainable development. In this paper, in order to achieve clean production while maintaining the functional characteristics of natural keratin as much as possible, four important keratin extraction methods—thermal hydrolysis, ultrasonic technology, eco-friendly solvent system, and microbial decomposition—are described, and the characteristics of these four extraction methods are analysed. Next, methods for the preparation of keratin-based biofilms are introduced, including solvent casting, electrospinning, template self-assembly, freeze-drying, and soft lithography methods. Then, the functional properties and application prospects of keratin-based biofilms are discussed. Finally, future research directions related to keratin-based biofilms are proposed. Overall, it can be concluded that the high-value conversion of keratin-containing waste into regenerated keratin-based biofilms has great importance for sustainable development and is highly suggested due to their great potential for use in biomedical materials, optoelectronic devices, and metal ion detection applications. It is hoped that this paper can provide some basic information for the development and application of keratin-based biofilms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Saline-alkali soil is a type of reserved farmland or grassland resource with poor or no productivity due to its physical, chemical properties and fertility issues, but has potential for improvement. The waste liquid created by laboratory during testing and analysis is known as the laboratory liquid waste, which is typically very acidic yet contains lots of nutrients. This paper described the current state of saline-alkali soil improvement and resource utilization as well as the sources and characteristics of laboratory liquid waste, introduced harmless treatment options for laboratory waste liquid, as well as the potential and specific cases of laboratory acidic waste liquid practical application in saline-alkali soil improvement, finally, looked forward to the application prospects of harmless treatment and resource utilization of laboratory waste liquid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Storage & Process is the property of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Soilless culture is the most advanced technology in modern agriculture, with nearly 180 years’ history. It breaks through the limitation that agricultural production depends on soil, and starts a new agricultural mode of offering an unlimited possibility in terms of time, space, yield and quality of agricultural production, which will play an important role in solving three key problems of human survival such as resourses, environments and foods. At present, soilless cultivation has been transferred from stage of experimental research to a stage of production and application, its key technology is becoming more and more mature, its production system is gradually improving, and its industrial scale is rapidly expanding. In this paper, the developmental status of soilless culture in the world was analyzed, and its technical progresses was introduced from three aspects such as nutrient solution, cultivation medium, cultivation system and its supporting equipment. Then we put forward some key research and development tasks, such as theoretical research, technical standards, supporting technologies, simplified technology integrating, nutrient solution recycling, and intelligent technology of soilless cultivation. The application prospect of soilless cultivation technology was analyzed from the aspects of green, environmental protection, water saving, high efficiency, high quality, modern agricultural production, and the development of urban and non-cultivated land agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese (Mn), atomic number 25, belongs to Group VIIB in the Periodic Table and has high melting and boiling points. The hardness of Mn is slightly lower than that of iron, which exists widely in nature. Unlike the main-group elements, there is a paucity of research into the nonlinear optics of the subgroup elements. In this work, the broadband nonlinear absorption (NLA) properties of Mn nanosheets with average thicknesses of 5.0–11.0 nm were systematically analyzed using an open-aperture Z-scan technique for the first time as far as we know. The results show that Mn nanosheets exhibit excellent two-photon absorption (TPA) effects, i.e., optical-limiting (OL) behavior at the three wavelengths of 1064, 532, and 355 nm. In particular, the large TPA coefficient β of Mn nanosheets at 355 nm confirms the superior OL property in the ultraviolet region, which is promising for a wide range of applications in precision instrument and eye protection. This work will focus more on the NLA properties of transition metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Telecommunications Science is the property of Beijing Xintong Media Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Water Conservancy Science & Techonlogy & Economy is the property of Water Conservancy Science & Technology & Economy Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are some problems in the applications of phase change materials, such as liquid leakage during solid-liquid phase change, and low thermal conductivity during heat transfer process. Three-dimensional network (3DN) structural materials stood out among many encapsulation materials of composite phase change materials (CPCMs) due to the advantages of three-dimensional interoperability, high porosity and low density. In this paper, the characteristics, advantages and preparation methods of 3DN-CPCMs were reviewed. Then, the influencing factors on the thermal, photothermal conversion and mechanical properties of 3DN-CPCMs were summarized from three aspects: pore structure, surface properties and chemical composition. Finally, the applications of 3DN-CPCMs in various fields were introduced, and their current challenges and future development were also discussed. This paper systematically discussed and analyzed the inherent relationship among the composition, structure, properties and applications of 3DN-CPCMs, which was helpful for deeper understanding of the latest research progress in 3DN-CPCMs and reasonable design and controllable preparation of the high-performance CPCMs. [Display omitted] • Research progress of 3DN-based phase change composites was reviewed. • Effects of pore, surface and composition on properties were discussed. • Multiple application prospects and development directions were outlooked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the application of cell-free protein synthesis systems in biosensing has been developing rapidly. Cell-free synthetic biology, with its advantages of high biosafety, fast material transport, and high sensitivity, has overcome many defects of cell-based biosensors and provided an abiotic substitute for biosensors. In addition, the application of freeze-drying technology has improved the stability of such systems, making it possible to realize point-of-care application of field detection and broadening the application prospects of cell-free biosensors. However, despite these advancements, challenges such as the risk of sample interference due to the lack of physical barriers, maintenance of activity during storage, and poor robustness still need to be addressed before the full potential of cell-free biosensors can be realized on a larger scale. In this review, current strategies and research results for improving the performance of cell-free biosensors are summarized, including a comprehensive discussion of the existing challenges, future trends, and potential investments needed for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]